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  • 1
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    Viscous wing code development: A 3-D viscid-inviscid interactive analysis (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 2; p 607-63
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  • 2
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    Computation of separated flow on airfoils with the Grumfoil code (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 2; p 557-58
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  • 3
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    Analysis of airfoil transitional separation bubbles (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 2; p 539-55
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  • 4
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    Entropy effects and shock fitting in conical supersonic full potential flows (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 2; p 461-49
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  • 5
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    Surface crystallization of a fluoride glass (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Growth of crystals on the surface of a Zr-Ba-La fluoride glass was observed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Small, dark crystal nucleated rapidly and grew to a size of about 10 microns; then they stopped growing, and wrinkled regions emerged, covering the entire crystal surface.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: American Ceramic Society, Communications (ISSN 0002-7820); 66; C-132
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  • 6
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    Sheet silicon cell/module technology (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The cost involved in the performance of the standard operations for the manufacture of silicon wafers is insignificant in the case of space photovoltaics applications. It is, however, a decisive factor with respect to terrestrial applications of silicon photovoltaic devices. In 1975, a program was, therefore, begun to develop low cost silicon solar arrays for terrestrial applications. The goal was silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) modules ready for installation at a selling price of $0.50/watt (1975 dollars). Sheet and ribbon silicon growth held out the promise of reduced cost through continuous operation, high material throughput, high material utilization efficiency, and a product whose shape lent itself to the assembly of high packing density modules. Attention is given to ribbon growth technologies, sheet technology generic problems, and ribbon cell and module technology status. It is concluded that the potential for crystalline ribbon silicon appears to be better today than ever before.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 7
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    Thermal oxidative degradation reactions of linear perfluoroalkyl ethers (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Thermal and thermal oxidative stability studies were performed on linear perfluoroalkyl ether fluids. The effect on degradation by metal catalysts and degradation inhibitors is reported. The linear perfluoroalkyl ethers are inherently unstable at 316 C in an oxidizing atmosphere. The metal catalysts greatly increased the rate of degradation in oxidizing atmospheres. In the presence of these metals in an oxidizing atmosphere, the degradation inhibitors were highly effective in arresting degradation at 288 C. However, the inhibitors had only limited effectiveness at 316 C. The metals promote degradation by chain scission. Based on elemental analysis and oxygen consumption data, the linear perfluoroalkyl ether fluids have a structural arrangement based on difluoroformyl and tetrafluoroethylene oxide units, with the former predominating. Previously announced in STAR as N82-26468
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: I&EC - Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Product Research and Development (ISSN 0196-4321); 22; 166-170
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  • 8
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    Investigation of energy management strategies for photovoltaic systems - A predictive control algorithm (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The present investigation is concerned with the formulation of energy management strategies for stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems, taking into account a basic control algorithm for a possible predictive, (and adaptive) controller. The control system controls the flow of energy in the system according to the amount of energy available, and predicts the appropriate control set-points based on the energy (insolation) available by using an appropriate system model. Aspects of adaptation to the conditions of the system are also considered. Attention is given to a statistical analysis technique, the analysis inputs, the analysis procedure, and details regarding the basic control algorithm.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 9
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    Fracture mechanics of cellular glass (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The fracture mechanics of cellular glasses (for the structural substrate of mirrored glass for solar concentrator reflecting panels) are discussed. Commercial and developmental cellular glasses were tested and analyzed using standard testing techniques and models developed from linear fracture mechanics. Two models describing the fracture behavior of these materials were developed. Slow crack growth behavior in cellular glass was found to be more complex than that encountered in dense glasses or ceramics. The crack velocity was found to be strongly dependent upon water vapor transport to the tip of the moving crack. The existence of a static fatigue limit was not conclusively established, however, it is speculated that slow crack growth behavior in Region 1 may be slower, by orders of magnitude, than that found in dense glasses. Previously announced in STAR as N82-11209
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
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  • 10
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    Discharge characteristics of a simulated solar cell array (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Measurements of the transient characteristics associated with the discharge of a simulated solar array are presented. A capacitively coupled probe is used to measure the discharge current, and antennas are used to measure the electromagnetic radiation. Discharges were observed at low surface voltages and several modes of discharge were observed. The maximum discharge current is found to be 0.2 A. This value is several orders of magnitude higher than that reported by previous measurements. Experimental evidence suggests that the inverted voltage gradient is a very likely triggering mechanism for solar array discharges.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (ISSN 0018-9499); NS-30; 4311-431
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  • 11
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    Simulated space radiation effects on dielectrics and coatings (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Simulation tests of space radiation have been performed for specific organic and inorganic materials. The test results for fifteen materials exposed to protons and five exposed to electrons are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (ISSN 0018-9499); NS-30; 4090-409
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  • 12
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    The effect of annealing on the creep of plasma-sprayed ceramics (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The creep of plasma sprayed ZrO2-8Y2O3 was measured at temperatures from 98 to 1250 C (180 to 220 F), and compared to creep of identical samples after annealing at temperatures from 98 to 1316 C (1800 to 2400 F). Loads and temperatures which produced significant creep of as sprayed ceramics produced no creep after annealing. Previously announced in STAR as N83-24799
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings (ISSN 0196-6219); 4; 819-827
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  • 13
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    Residual stress in plasma-sprayed ceramic turbine tip and gas-path seal specimens (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The residual stresses in a ceramic sheet material used for turbine blade tip gas path seals, were estimated. These stresses result from the plasma spraying process which leaves the surface of the sheet in tension. To determine the properties of plasma sprayed ZrO2-Y2O3 sheet material, its load deflection characteristics were measured. Estimates of the mechanical properties for sheet materials were found to differ from those reported for plasma sprayed bulk materials. Previously announced in STAR as N83-28380
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings (ISSN 0196-6219); 4; 802-809
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  • 14
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    Correlation of compressive and shear stress with spalling of plasma-sprayed ceramic materials (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Ceramics on metal substrates for potential use as high temperature seals or other applications are exposed to forces originating from differences in thermal expansion between the ceramic and the metal substrate. This report develops a relationship between the difference in expansion of the ceramic and the substrate, defines conditions under which shear between the ceramic and the substrate occurs, and those under which bending forces are produced in the ceramic. The off-axis effect of compression forces resulting from high temperature plastic flow of the ceramic producing buckling of the ceramic is developed. Shear is associated with the edge or boundary stresses on the component while bending is associated with the distortion of an interior region. Both modes are significant in predicting life of the ceramic. Previously announced in STAR as N83-27016
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings (ISSN 0196-6219); 4; 810-818
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  • 15
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    An exploratory study of area-efficient vortex flap concepts (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The potential of planform modification and hinge-line relocation to improve the thrust efficiency of vortex flaps was experimentally investigated on a 60-deg cropped delta wing model. Spanwise segmentation of the flap, together with chord-tailoring of the segments, allowed the vortex to be maintained on the outboard flap surfaces to higher angles of attack. In addition, location of the flap hinge aft of and underneath the wing leading edge generated substantial thrust from the vortex suction acting on the leading-edge lower surface. A combination of these beneficial effects allowed the flap/wing area to be reduced from 11.4 percent of the continuous flap to 6.3 percent of segmented flap, essentially without detriment to the incremental lift-to-drag ratio due to flap addition in the lift coefficient range 0.5-0.7 based on the basic wing area.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 20; 1062-106
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  • 16
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    Observations and implications of natural laminar flow on practical airplane surfaces (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 20, p. 3138, Accession no. A82-40893
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 20; 993-1006
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  • 17
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    Ultrasonic mixing of epoxy curing agents (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A new technique for mixing solid curing agents into liquid epoxy resins using ultrasonic energy was developed. This procedure allows standard curing agents such as 4,4 prime-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (4,4 prime-DDS) and its 3,3 prime-isomer, (3,3 prime-DDS) to be mixed without prior melting of the curing agent. It also allows curing agents with very high melt temperatures such as 4,4 prime-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (4,4 prime-DDS) and its 3,3 prime-isomer, (3,3 prime-DDS) to be mixed without prior melting of the curing agent. It also allows curing agents with very high melt temperatures such as 4,4 prime-diaminobenzophenone (4,4 prime-DABP) (242 C) to be mixed without premature curing. Four aromatic diamines were ultrasonically blended into MY-720 epoxy resin. These were 4, 4 prime-DDS; 3,3 prime-DDA; 4, 4 prime-DABP and 3,3 prime-DABP. Unfilled moldings were cast and cured for each system and their physical and mechanical properties compared. Previously announced in STAR as N83-27018
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: SAMPE Quarterly (ISSN 0036-0821); 14; 46-50
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  • 18
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    Hardness of dense beta-Si3N4 (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The effects of small changes in the concentration of an oxygen content densification aid on the room temperature microhardness of hot isostatically pressed and sintered beta-Si3N4 ceramics are studied. The compositions studied were Si3N4 containing 7 wt. pct BeSiN2, a fixed nonoxide densification aid, and 1.9-3.7 wt. pct oxygen as a second, variable densification aid. A proportional relationship between high density and high oxygen content, regardless of heat treatment type, is noted.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: Journal of Materials Science Letters (ISSN 0261-8028); 2; 657-659
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  • 19
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    Stability of shock waves attached to wedges and cones (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 06, p. 799, Accession no. A82-17876
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 21; 1611-161
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  • 20
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    Stability of silica heat shield materials in the Space Shuttle environment (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Sample tiles of Space Shuttle reusable surface insulation (RSI) and fibrous refractory composite insulation (FRCI) have been alternately exposed to simulated mission heating and the Kennedy Space Center launch-pad environment for up to 50 cycles. The two types of tiles were coated with an identical glass composition. The coating on RSI tiles was prone to cracking in the test environment while the same coating on FRCI was not. Absorption of water contaminated with environmental deposits resulted in accelerated devitrification in the RSI tiles. Devitrification in FRCI tiles was significantly less. The rate of environmental degradation of tiles appeared to be dependent on the amount of water absorption.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings (ISSN 0196-6219); 4; 564-577
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  • 21
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    Surface chemistry, friction, and wear of Ni-Zn and Mn-Zn ferrites in contact with metals (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopy analysis were used in sliding friction experiments. These experiments were conducted with hot-pressed polycrystalline Ni-Zn and Mn-Zn ferrites, and single-crystal Mn-Zn ferrite in contact with various transition metals at room temperature in both vacuum and argon. The results indicate that Ni2O3 and Fe3O4 were present on the Ni-Zn ferrite surface in addition to the nominal bulk constituents, while MnO2 and Fe3O4 were present on the Mn-Zn ferrite surface in addition to the nominal bulk constituents. The coefficients of friction for the ferrites in contact with metals were related to the relative chemical activity of these metals. The more active the metal, the higher is the coefficient of friction. The coefficients of friction for the ferrites were correlated with the free energy of formation of the lowest metal oxide. The interfacial bond can be regarded as a chemical bond between the metal atoms and the oxygen anions in the ferrite surfaces. The adsorption of oxygen on clean metal and ferrite does strengthen the metal-ferrite contact and increase the friction. The ferrites exhibit local cracking and fracture with sliding under adhesive conditions. All the metals transferred to the surfaces of the ferrites in sliding. Previously announced in STAR as N83-19901
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings (ISSN 0196-6219); 4; 674-693
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  • 22
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    Shrinkage of amorphous silica fibers (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: By the application of a new technique, the viscosity of amorphous silica fibers was determined in the 1100-1350 C temperature range. An equation was derived that describes the kinetics of shrinkage of the fibers in terms of their radius, viscosity, and surface tension.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings (ISSN 0196-6219); 4; 492-501
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  • 23
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    Phase distributions in plasma-sprayed zirconia-yttria (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The distribution of phases in plasma-sprayed zirconia-yttria has been determined over a range of yttria levels from 0 to 26.1 molpct YO(1.5) using room temperature X-ray diffractometry. Pure, plasma-sprayed zirconia is composed almost entirely of the monoclinic phase. At levels of yttria between 4 and 10 percent, a quenched-in tetragonal phase predominates, and at higher levels the cubic phase predominates. The phase distributions are compared with previously reported test lives of thermal barrier coatings formed from these materials. Regions of optimal lives were found to correlate with regions having high amounts of the tetragonal phase, small but nonzero amounts of the monoclinic phase, and little or none of the cubic phase. Possible relationships between phase composition and coating performance are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: American Ceramic Society Bulletin (ISSN 0002-7812); 62; 1355-135
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  • 24
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    Development of plane strain fracture toughness test for ceramics using Chevron notched specimens (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Chevron-notched four-point-bend and short-bar specimens have been used to determine the fracture toughness of sintered aluminum oxide and hot-pressed silicon nitride ceramics. The fracture toughness for Si3N4 is found to be essentially independent of the specimen size and chevron notch configuration, with values ranging from 4.6 to 4.9 MNm exp -3/2. In contrast, significant specimen size and notch geometry effects have been observed for Al2O3, with the fracture toughness ranging from 3.1 to 4.7 MNm exp -3/2. These effects are attributed to a rising crack growth resistance curve for the Al2O3 tested.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
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  • 25
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    A chimera grid scheme (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A mesh system composed of multiple overset body-conforming grids is described for adapting finite-difference procedures to complex aircraft configurations. In this so-called 'chimera mesh,' a major grid is generated about a main component of the configuration and overset minor grids are used to resolve all other features. Methods for connecting overset multiple grids and modifications of flow-simulation algorithms are discussed. Computational tests in two dimensions indicate that the use of multiple overset grids can simplify the task of grid generation without an adverse effect on flow-field algorithms and computer code complexity.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 26
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    Microstructural characterization of SiC (SCS) filaments (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Microstructural features of SiC('SCS') fibers demonstrating growth properties have been investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. An etchant of fused KOH:KNO3 was developed which adequately brought out previously undetermined features.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: SAMPE Quarterly (ISSN 0036-0821); 14; 39-45
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  • 27
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    Conservative full-potential calculations for axisymmetric, transonic flow (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 17, p. 2873, Accession no. A81-38082
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 21; 1492-149
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  • 28
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    An overview of the Goldstone Energy Systems study (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A systems planning methodology was developed for analyzing and synthesizing Deep Space Network (DSN) energy systems. The resultant product, the Deep Space Network Planning and Analysis Methodology supports DSN energy planning evaluations. It addresses a broad spectrum of tradeoff and dispatching scenarios. It evaluates a variety of energy generation configurations and also includes a capability to evaluate conservation measures.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition Rept.; p 135-141
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  • 29
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    Efficient computerized model for dynamic analysis of energy conversion systems (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: In searching for the optimum parameters that minimize the total life cycle cost of an energy conversion system, various combinations of components are examined and the resulting system performance and associated economics are studied. The systems performance and economics simulation computer program (SPECS) was developed to fill this need. The program simulates the fluid flow, thermal, and electrical characteristics of a system of components on a quasi-steady state basis for a variety of energy conversion systems. A unique approach is used in which the set of characteristic equations is solved by the Newton-Raphson technique. This approach eliminates the tedious iterative loops which are found in comparable programs such as TRNSYS or SOLTES-1. Several efficient features were also incorporated such as the centralized control and energy management scheme, and analogous treatment of energy flow in electrical and mechanical components, and the modeling of components of similar fundamental characteristics using generic subroutines. Initial tests indicate that this model can be used effectively with a relatively small number of time steps and low computer cost.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition Rept.; p 161-176
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  • 30
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    Performance simulation of the JPL solar-powered distiller. Part 1: Quasi-steady-state conditions (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A 37.85 cu m (10,000 gallons) per year (nominal) passive solar powered water distillation system was installed and is operational in the Venus Deep Space Station. The system replaced an old, electrically powered water distiller. The distilled water produced with its high electrical resistivity is used to cool the sensitive microwave equipment. A detailed thermal model was developed to simulate the performance of the distiller and study its sensitivity under varying environment and load conditions. The quasi-steady state portion of the model is presented together with the formulas for heat and mass transfer coefficients used. Initial results indicated that a daily water evaporation efficiency of 30% can be achieved. A comparison made between a full day performance simulation and the actual field measurements gave good agreement between theory and experiment, which verified the model.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition Rept.; p 142-160
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  • 31
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    Study of molecular deformation mechanisms in the glassy state. I - Temperature effect on stress-birefringence and strain-birefringence responses of poly(methyl methacrylate) (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition (ISSN 0098-1273); 21; 1647-166
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  • 32
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    Single cell performance studies on the FE/CR Redox Energy Storage System using mixed reactant solutions at elevated temperature (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Experimental studies in a 14.5 sq cm single cell system using mixed reactant solutions at 65 C are described. Systems were tested under isothermal conditions, i.e., reactants and the cell were at the same temperature. Charging and discharging performance were evaluated by measuring watt-hour and coulombic efficiencies, voltage-current relationships, hydrogen evolution and membrane resistivity. Watt-hour efficiencies ranged from 86 percent at 43 ma/sq cm to 75 percent at 129 ma/sq cm with corresponding coulombic efficiencies of 92 percent and 97 percent, respectively. Hydrogen evolution was less than 1 percent of the charge coulumbic capacity during charge-discharge cycling. Bismuth amd bismuth-lead catalyzed chromium electrodes maintained reversible performance and low hydrogen evolution under normal and adverse cycling conditions. Reblending of the anode and cathode solutions was successfully demonstrated to compensate for osmotic volume changes. Improved performance was obtained with mixed reactant systems in comparison to the unmixed reactant systems. Previously announced in STAR as N83-25042
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 33
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    The DOE photovoltaics program (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The considered program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has the objective to provide federal support for research and development work related to photovoltaics. According to definitions of policy in 1981, a strong emphasis is to be placed on long-term, high-risk research and development that industry could not reasonably be expected to perform using their own funds. Attention is given to the program structure, the photovoltaics program management organization, the advanced research and development subprogram, the collector research and development subprogram, flat-plate collectors, concentrator collectors, and the systems research and technology subprogram.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 34
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    Silicon material technology status (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Silicon has been the basic element for the electronic and photovoltaic industries. The use of silicon as the primary element for terrestrial photovoltaic solar arrays is projected to continue. The reasons for this projection are related to the maturity of silicon technology, the ready availability of extremely pure silicon, the performance of silicon solar cells, and the considerable present investment in technology and manufacturing facilities. The technologies for producing semiconductor grade silicon and, to a lesser extent, refined metallurgical grade silicon are considered. It is pointed out that nearly all of the semiconductor grade silicon is produced by processes based on the Siemens deposition reactor, a technology developed 26 years ago. The state-of-the-art for producing silicon by this process is discussed. It is expected that efforts to reduce polysilicon process costs will continue.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 35
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    Systems approach to walk-off problems for dish-type solar thermal power systems (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: 'Walk-off' in a dish-type solar thermal power system is a failure situation in which the concentrator remains fixed while the spot of concentrated sunlight slowly moves across the face of the receiver. The intense local heating may damage the receiver and nearby equipment. Passive protection has advantages in minimizing damage, but in a fully passive design the receiver must be able to withstand full solar input with no forced fluid circulation during the walk-off. An active walk-off emergency subsystem may include an emergency detrack or defocus mechanism or sun-blocking device, emergency power, sensors and logic to detect the emergency and initiate protective action, and cooling or passive protection of emergency and non-emergency components. Each of these elements is discussed and evaluated in the paper.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 36
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    Electrically conductive black optical paint (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: An electrically conductive flat black paint has been developed for use on the Galileo spacecraft which will orbit Jupiter in the late 1980s. The paint, designed for equipment operating in high-energy radiation fields, has multipurpose functions. Its electrical conductivity keeps differential charging of the spacecraft external surfaces and equipment to a minimum, preventing the buildup of electrostatic fields and arcing. Its flat black aspect minimizes the effects of stray light and unwanted reflectances, when used in optical instruments and on sunshades. Its blackness is suitable, also, for thermal control, when the paint is put on spacecraft surfaces. The paint has good adherence properties, as measured by tape tests, when applied properly to a surface. The electrically conductive paint which was developed has the following characteristics: an electrical resistivity of 5 x 10 to the 7th ohms per square; a visual light total reflectance of approximately 5 percent; an infrared reflectance of 0.13 measured over a spectrum from 10 to the (-5.5) power to 0.001 meter; a solar absorptivity, alpha-s, of 0.93, and a thermal emissivity, epsilon, of 0.87, resulting in an alpha-s/epsilon of 1.07. The formula for making the paint and the process for applying it are described.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
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  • 37
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    Characteristics of Si3N4-SiO2-Ce2O3 compositions sintered in high-pressure nitrogen (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Full-density Si3N4-SiO2-Ce2O3 compositions were prepared by sintering with 2.5 MPa nitrogen pressure at temperatures of 1900 and 2090 C. Room-temperature flexural strengths near 700 MPa for sintered material compared favorably with the strength of hot-pressed material. At 1370 C, where flexural strengths as high as 363 MPa were obtained, it was observed that the coarsest structure was the strongest and the finest structure was the weakest. One of the compositions tested, Si3N4-8.7 wt pct SiO2-8.3 wt pct-Ce2O3, was found to have excellent 200-h oxidation resistance at 700, 1000, and 1370 C, without incidence of 700 to 1000 C phase instability and cracking.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: American Ceramic Society, Journal (ISSN 0002-7820); 66; 835-841
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  • 38
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    Molecular deformation and stress-strain behavior of poly(bisphenol-A-diphenyl sulfone) (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The strain-birefringence response of poly(bisphenol-A-diphenyl sulfone) is found to be independent of temperature at temperatures below -100 C; at higher temperatures, the response becomes slightly dependent on temperature, with lower birefringence seen at higher temperatures. The stress-strain behavior and the stress-birefringence response both depend on temperature over the entire testing temperature range (-179 C to 150 C) studied; this dependence, however, is not pronounced. The evidence is seen as suggesting that the polymer molecules respond to deformation by undergoing conformational rearrangements; the mode of the molecular deformation remains unchanged for temperatures of -100 C or lower. At higher temperatures, the average length of the chain segments involved in the rearrangement increases. The stress-strain response is attributed mainly to chain orientation. The entropic contribution deriving from chain orientation at temperatures below -100 C is still substantial. The modest temperature dependence of the stress-strain response suggests that the energy barriers for the chain segments involved in the rearrangement are relatively low.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Physics (ISSN 0021-8979); 54; Oct. 198
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  • 39
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    Photothermal degradation of ethylene/vinylacetate copolymer (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Photothermal degradation studies were conducted on a 'stabilized' formulation of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in the temperature range 25-105 C under three different oxygen environments (in open air, with limited access to O2, and in a dark closed stagnant oven). These studies were performed in order to evaluate the utility of EVA as an encapsulation material for photovoltaic modules. Results showed that at low temperature (25 C), slow photooxidation of the polymer occurred via electronic energy transfer involving the UV absorber incorporated in the polymer. However, no changes in the physical properties of the bulk polymer were detected up to 1500 hours of irradiation. At elevated temperatures, leaching and evaporation of the additives occurred, which ultimately resulted in the chemical crosslinking of the copolymer and the formation of volatile photoproducts such as acetic acid.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
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  • 40
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    Plasma-enhanced CVD silicon nitride antireflection coatings for solar cells (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Multilayer plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) silicon nitride antireflection coatings were deposited on space quality silicon solar cells. Preliminary experiments indicated that multilayer coatings decreased the total reflectance of polished silicon from 35 percent to less than 3 percent over the spectral range 0.4-1.0 micron. The solar cell energy conversion efficiency was increased from an average of 8.84 percent to an average of 12.63 percent.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Solar Energy (ISSN 0038-092X); 31; 4, 19; 1983
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  • 41
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    The structure of boron in boron fibres (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The structure of noncrystalline, chemically vapour-deposited boron fibres was investigated by computer modelling the experimentally obtained X-ray diffraction patterns. The diffraction patterns from the models were computed using the Debye scattering equation. The modelling was done utilizing the minimum nearest-neighbour distance, the density of the model, and the broadening and relative intensity of the various peaks as boundary conditions. The results suggest that the fibres consist of a continuous network of randomly oriented regions of local atomic order, about 2 nm in diameter, containing boron atoms arranged in icosahedra. Approximately half of these regions have a tetragonal structure and the remaining half a distorted rhombohedral structure. The model also indicates the presence of many partial icosahedra and loose atoms not associated with any icosahedra. The partial icosahedra and loose atoms indicated in the present model are in agreement with the relaxing sub-units which have been suggested to explain the anelastic behavior of fibre boron and the loosely bound boron atoms which have been postulated to explain the strengthening mechanism in boron fibres during thermal treatment.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: Journal of Materials Science (ISSN 0022-2461); 18; Sept
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  • 42
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    Injection slot location for boundary-layer control in shock-induced separation (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 18, p. 726, Accession no. A78-41866
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0021-8669)
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  • 43
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    Lower-curing-temperature PMR polyimides (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Partial substitution of a p-aminostyrene end-cap for the monomethyl ester of 5-norbornene-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid lowered the final cure temperature of typical PMR resins from 600 F to 500 F. The weight loss characteristics of neat resins and graphite fiber composites prepared by using the mixed end-cap approach were determined at 600 F. The room temperature and short-time elevated temperature mechanical properties of the composites at 550 F and 600 F were determined. The mechanical property retention characteristics of the composites at 550 F and 600 F are discussed. Previously announced in STAR as N83-10118
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: Polymer Composites (ISSN 0272-8397); 4; July 198
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  • 44
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    Dynamic fatigue of a machinable glass-ceramic (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: To assess the stress-corrosion susceptibility of a machinable glass-ceramic, its dynamic fatigue behavior was investigated by measuring its strength as a function of stress rate. Fracture mechanics techniques were used to analyze the results for the purpose of making lifetime predictions for components of this material. This material was concluded to have only moderate resistance (N = 30) to stress corrosion in ambient conditions. The effects of specimen size on strength were assessed for the material used in this study; it was concluded that the Weibull edge-flaw scaling law adequately describes the observed strength-size relation.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0002-7820)
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  • 45
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    Experimental determination of vapor species from laser-ablated carbon phenolic composites (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previosuly cited in issue 17, p. 2910, Accession no. A81-39069
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0001-1452)
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  • 46
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    Whirl flutter analysis of a horizontal-axis wind turbine with a two-bladed teetering rotor (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Whirl flutter and the effect of pitch-flap coupling on teetering motion of a wind turbine were investigated. The equations of motion are derived for an idealized five-degree-of-freedom mathematical model of a horizontal-axis wind turbine with a two-bladed teetering rotor. The model accounts for the out-of-plane bending motion of each blade, the teetering motion of the rotor, and both the pitching and yawing motions of the rotor support. Results show that the design is free from whirl flutter. Selected results are presented indicating the effect of variations in rotor support damping, rotor support stiffness, and pitch-flap coupling on pitching, yawing, teetering, and blade bending motions. Previously announced in STAR as N82-23707
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Solar Energy (ISSN 0038-092X); 31; 2, 19; 1983
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  • 47
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    Thermal behavior of laboratory models of honeycomb-covered solar ponds (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Laboratory experiments were conducted to provide insight into the technical feasibility of honeycomb-covered solar ponds. Cooling tests using honeycomb panels of various materials and geometries showed that a 5.7-cm-thick one-tier panel insulated as effectively as a 10-cm fiberglass slab. Heating tests demonstrated that a model pond covered with a polycarbonate panel boiled upon 16 hours of continuous exposure to a 150-W spotlight. Analysis of the experimental data indicates positively that honeycomb-covered solar ponds can be expected to perform satisfactorily, and that larger-scale outdoor tests should be conducted to provide a more realistic assessment and a more refined performance estimate.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 48
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    Surface analyses of carbon fibers produced from polyacrylonitrile fibers at low carbonization temperatures (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A process for producing carbon fibers from polyacrylonitrile at low carbonization temperatures was studied. The bulk and surface properties of fibers obtained after reaction with benzoic acid, air and carbonizing in nitrogen or a dilute acetylene atmosphere are discussed. All fiber products had different surface and internal compositions. Samples produced at temperatures up to 950 C and carbonized in nitrogen contained substantial quantities of nitrogen and oxygen at the surface. During carbonization, the surface nitrogen converted into two new forms, possibly nitrile and an azo or a new carbon-nitrogen bond. Samples carbonized in acetylene contained a carbon-rich surface stable to oxidation.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: Textile Research Journal (ISSN 0040-5175); 53; July 198
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  • 49
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    Cavitation erosion characteristics of poly(methyl methacrylate) in a rotating disk device (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The cavitation erosion behavior including the initiation, dynamics and mechanism of damage process on perspex and epoxy resin specimens tested in a rotating disk device were discussed with respect to exposure time. The inception of erosion always took place at the location nearest to the center of rotation of the disk. Subsequently, as exposure time increased, erosion initiated at other locations as well. Light optical photographs and scanning electron micrographs clearly indicate that most of the material loss appears to occur form the networks of cracks due to their interaction and pits indicate particle debris. The optical degradation (loss of transmittance) on perspex was observed to be more on the rear side than on the front side. Previously announced in STAR as N83-11329
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0043-1648)
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  • 50
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    Comprehensive missile aerodynamics programs for preliminary design (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 12, p. 1851, Accession no. A82-27106
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0022-4560)
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  • 51
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    Equivalent angle-of-attack method for estimating nonlinear aerodynamics of missile fins (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 19, p. 2971, Accession no. A82-39113
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0022-4560)
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  • 52
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    Aerodynamics of wraparound fins (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 07, p. 863, Accession no. A83-21011
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0022-4560)
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  • 53
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    Numerical calculation of nonlinear aerodynamics of wing-body configurations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 07, p. 864, Accession no. A83-21022
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0001-1452)
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  • 54
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    Benchmark determination of Shuttle Orbiter entry aerodynamic heat-transfer data (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 07, p. 965, Accession no. A82-19777
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0022-4560)
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  • 55
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    Expected cycle life vs. depth of discharge relationships of well-behaved single cells and cell strings (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The present investigation is concerned with the factors which might influence the cycle life vs. depth of discharge relationship, taking into account the rate of loss of cell capacity, the amount of excess capacity built into the cells, and the penalty in capacity loss resulting from the use of deep depths of discharge. 'First principles' are used to develop a cell life model for somewhat arbitrary conditions. This model is then used to estimate the cycle life vs. depth of discharge relationships for 'well behaved' cells. The stochastic variations associated with groupings of single cells are then introduced to the battery pack cycle life model. The term 'well behaved' cell is used to describe a single cell which does not suffer any abrupt failure mode during the course of its operation. It gradually loses capacity for any number of the usual reasons at a rate which is the product of the fractional depth of discharge and a factor which is characteristic of the cell under consideration.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Electrochemical Society, Journal (ISSN 0013-4651); 130; May 1983
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  • 56
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    Computation of high Reynolds number internal/external flows (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: (Previously cited in issue 17, p. 2878, Accession no. A81-39001)
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 57
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    Solar concentrator degradation in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The use of parabolically or spherically-shaped mirrors is being considered in order to increase the solar energy intensity on solar cells. Their use will significantly decrease the size and number of the cells needed for a particular application, hence the total array cost. Questions arise, however, regarding the long-term (five to ten years) efficiency of these devices. Performance degradation of the mirror surfaces might result from known hostile elements in the low earth orbit (LEO) environment (150-350 nautical miles). The degradation issue is addressed in light of present knowledge of this environment. The following characteristics of the LEO environment are identified for study: (1) the vacuum of space; (2) sputtering by the residual atoms and particles in space; (3) solar electromagnetic radiation; (4) contamination of the mirror surface; (5) atomic oxygen interactions with the surface; (6) bombardment of the surface by meteoroids; and (7) irradiation of the surface by ionizing particles (protons). Using the best available information for the magnitudes of the necessary quantities, a mathematical analysis was carried out, where possible, to determine the degradation in reflectance or other loss caused by each characteristic. Otherwise, reasonable estimates are made of corresponding losses, based on already published data.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Johnson (Lyndon B.) Space Center The 1983 NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Research Program Research Reports; NASA. Johnson (Lynd
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  • 58
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    Laser assisted deposition (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Applications of laser-based processing techniques to solar cell metallization are discussed. Laser-assisted thermal or photolytic maskless deposition from organometallic vapors or solutions may provide a viable alternative to photovoltaic metallization systems currently in use. High power, defocused excimer lasers may be used in conjunction with masks as an alternative to direct laser writing to provide higher throughput. Repeated pulsing with excimer lasers may eliminate the need for secondary plating techniques for metal film buildup. A comparison between the thermal and photochemical deposition processes is made.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Flat-Plate Solar Array Res. Forum on Photovoltaic Metallization Systems; p 317-332
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  • 59
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    Metallization with generic metallo-organic inks (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The use and fabrication of metallo-organic films are discussed. Metallo-organic compounds are ones in which a metal is linked to a long chain carbon ligand through a hetero atom such as O, S, N, P or As. Films formed by the thermal decomposition of these metallo-organics are called MOD films. In order that the products of decomposition contain only CO2, H2O, and in rare cases nitrogen compounds, and to avoid S containing products, the use of a set of metallo-organic compounds for ink fabrication where the linking hetero atom was oxygen was pioneered. These links were made from commercially available carboxylates, or synthesized from commonly available reagents. The processing is described and the molecular design criteria are given. The particular carboxylates or amine carboxylates selected were the octoates or neodecanoates, and they are described.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Flat-Plate Solar Array Res. Forum on Photovoltaic Metallization Systems; p 277-300
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  • 60
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    Solar cell metallization: Historical perspective (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Solar cell metallization design requirements are discussed. Space applications and terrestrial applications are considered. Cost factors are discussed in relation to design analysis.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Flat-Plate Solar Array Res. Forum on Photovoltaic Metallization Systems; p 9-18
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  • 61
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    Economic implications of current systems (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The primary goals of this study are to estimate the value of R&D to photovoltaic (PV) metallization systems cost, and to provide a method for selecting an optimal metallization method for any given PV system. The value-added cost and relative electrical performance of 25 state-of-the-art (SOA) and advanced metallization system techniques are compared.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Proc. of the Flat-Plate Solar Array Res. Forum on Photovoltaic Metallization Systems; p 19-33
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 62
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    Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Aromatic Siloxane Polymers (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-11
    Beschreibung: Silphenylene-siloxane polymers can be prepared by a condensation reaction of a diol 1,4-bis(hydroxydimethylsilyl)benzene and a silane bis(dimethylamino)dimethylsilane. Using a stepwise condensation technique, a polymer (R=CH3) with a molecular weight in excess of 1.0 x 1 million has been produced. The polymer exhibits increased thermal stability, compared to a methyl siloxane polymer without the aromatic phenyl ring in the backbone. The use of bis(dimethylamino)methylvinylsilane should allow for ready crosslinking at the vinyl sites (R=-CH=CH2) introduced into the backbone. However, under the conditions of the reaction system a high molecular weight polymer was not obtained or the polymer underwent a crosslinking process during the synthesis.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: Alabama Univ. Res. Rept.: 1983 NASA(ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; 13 p
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  • 63
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    Comparison of subsonic/transonic aftbody flow prediction methods (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: (Previously cited in issue 21, p. 3614, Accession no. A81-44900)
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 64
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    Linear/nonlinear behavior in unsteady transonic aerodynamics (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: (Previously cited in issue 12, p. 1923, Accession no. A81-29496)
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 65
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    Effects of spanwise blowing and reverse thrust on fighter low-speed aerodynamics (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: (Previously cited in issue 07, p. 963, Accession no. A82-19203)
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 66
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    Computation of nonequilibrium, supersonic three-dimensional inviscid flow over blunt-nosed bodies (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2120, Accession no. A75-33931
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0001-1452)
    Format: text
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  • 67
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    Separated trailing-edge flow at a transonic Mach number (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 06, p. 800, Accession no. A82-17899
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0001-1452)
    Format: text
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  • 68
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    Unsteady transonic small disturbance approximation with strong shock waves (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 06, p. 797, Accession no. A82-17812
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0001-1452)
    Format: text
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  • 69
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    Grid generation in three dimensions by Poisson equations with control of cell size and skewness at boundary surfaces (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: An algorithm for generating computational grids about arbitrary three-dimensional bodies is developed. The elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) approach developed by Steger and Sorenson and used in the NASA computer program GRAPE is extended from two to three dimensions. Forcing functions which are found automatically by the algorithm give the user the ability to control mesh cell size and skewness at boundary surfaces. This algorithm, as is typical of PDE grid generators, gives smooth grid lines and spacing in the interior of the grid. The method is applied to a rectilinear wind-tunnel case and to two body shapes in spherical coordinates.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 70
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    An orthogonal coordinate grid following the three-dimensional viscous flow over a concave surface (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Swept wings designed for laminar flow control exhibit both centrifugal and crossflow instabilities which produce streamwise vortices that can lead to early transition from laminar to turbulent flow in the presence of Tollmien-Schlichting waves. This paper outlines an iterative algorithm for generation of an orthogonal, curvilinear, coordinate grid following the streamlines of the three-dimensional viscous flow over a swept, concave surface. The governing equations for the metric tensor are derived from the Riemann-Christoffel tensor for an Euclidian geometry. Unit vectors along streamline, normal and binormal directions are determined. The governing equations are not solved directly, but are employed only as compatibility equations. The scale factor for the streamline coordinate is obtained by an iterative integration scheme on a 200 x 100 x 5 grid, while the other two scale factors are determined from definitions. Sample results are obtained which indicate that the compatibility equation error decreases linearly with grid step size. Grids smaller than 200 x 100 x 5 are found to be inadequate to resolve the grid curvature.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 71
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    Investigation of tangential blowing applied to a subsonic V/STOL inlet (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 17, p. 2675, Accession no. A82-35195
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 20; 926-934
    Format: text
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  • 72
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    Applicability of the independence principle to subsonic turbulent flow over a swept rearward-facing step (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Prandtl (1946) has concluded that for yawed laminar incompressible flows the streamwise flow is independent of the spanwise flow. However, Ashkenas and Riddell (1955) have reported that for turbulent flow the 'independence principle' does not apply to yawed flat plates. On the other hand, it was also found that this principle may be applicable to many turbulent flows. As the sweep angle is increased, a sweep angle is reached which defines the interval over which the 'independence principle' is valid. The results obtained in the present investigation indicate the magnitude of the critical angle for subsonic turbulent flow over a swept rearward-facing step.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 21; 1603
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  • 73
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    Implicit, nonswitching, vector-oriented algorithm for steady transonic flow (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A rapid computation of a sequence of transonic flow solutions has to be performed in many areas of aerodynamic technology. The employment of low-cost vector array processors makes the conduction of such calculations economically feasible. However, for a full utilization of the new hardware, the developed algorithms must take advantage of the special characteristics of the vector array processor. The present investigation has the objective to develop an efficient algorithm for solving transonic flow problems governed by mixed partial differential equations on an array processor.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 21; 1601-160
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  • 74
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    Time-dependent finite-difference simulation of unsteady interactive flows (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The solution of the time-dependent, Reynolds-averaged, Navier-Stokes equations for unsteady, interacting flows by finite-difference algorithms is discussed. Specific examples include (1) unsteady transonic flow over a thick biconvex airfoil, (2) determination of buffet boundaries for a transonic lifting airfoil, (3) the simulation of aileron buzz and (4) dynamic stall. Algorithms considered include explicit methods, mixed (or hybrid) methods, and fully implicit methods. Consideration of time scales for computational stability, computational accuracy, and physical accuracy and the use of time-dependent adaptive meshing to realize computational efficiency are also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 75
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    Symposium on Numerical and Physical Aspects of Aerodynamic Flows, 2nd, California State University, Long Beach, CA, January 17-20, 1983, Proceedings (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The present conference covers topics concerning the measurement and calculation of interactive flows, together with problems posed by subsonic and transonic wings, missiles, and ships. Discussions are presented on the time-dependent finite difference simulation of unsteady interactive flows, Navier-Stokes equation methods, numerical solutions for spatially periodic boundary layers, the application of unsteady laminar tripple deck theory to viscous-inviscid interaction, the coupling of boundary layer and Euler equation solutions, and viscous-inviscid flow interactions. Also discussed are leading and trailing edge flows, three-dimensional wing flows, small disturbance calculations including entropy corrections, an inviscid computational method for tactical missiles, and boundary layer and flow separation characteristics of bodies of revolution at incidence.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 76
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    Investigation of supersonic separated flow in a compression corner by laser Doppler anemometry (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A single-component, computer-operated, three dimensional traversing laser Doppler velocimetry system was designed and constructed for a supersonic wind tunnel. The model was a 10 deg compression corner, providing an example of laminar boundary layer separation. Static pressure data and color schlieren photographs were taken. The Mach number was 2.42 and the Reynolds number was 213,000. The flow was seeded with submicron sized oil droplets. The trend of decreasing upstream influence with increasing Reynolds number was confirmed. Mean velocity profiles provided experimental evidence of reversed flow. Points of separation and reattachment were consistent with those determined by schlieren and pressure scans. The flow was of the laminar type until downstream of reattachment. Individual mean velocity and turbulence profiles, as well as velocity histograms are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Experiments in Fluids (ISSN 0723-4864); 1; 4, 19
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  • 77
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    Fire- and heat-resistant laminating resins based on maleimido-substituted aromatic cyclotriphosphazenes (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A novel class of flame- and heat-resistant polymers has been synthesized by the thermal polymerization of maleimido-substituted aromatic cyclotriphosphazenes. The polymer obtained from tris-(aminophenoxy)tris(maleimidophenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene has good thermal stability and is noteworthy for its high char yield, viz., 82 percent at 800 C in nitrogen and 81 percent at 700 C in air. Graphite-fabric laminates prepared with this polymer did not burn in pure oxygen, even at 300 C, and were tested for mechanical properties. Hexakis(4-maleimidophenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene and some fluorine-containing monomers have also been synthesized. The structures of these cyclic phosphazene precursors and polymers were characterized by FT IR spectrophotometry, H-1 NMR, F-19 NMR, and P-31 solid-state magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The curing behavior of the polymer precursors and the thermal stabilities of the polymers were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA).
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: Macromolecules (ISSN 0024-9297); 16; 8, 19
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  • 78
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    Photovoltaic power - An important new energy option (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A review of photovoltaic (PV) power technology is presented with an emphasis of PV as an economical and technically feasible alternative source of energy. The successful completion of the development and transfer of emerging low-cost technologies into a fully commercialized status are identified as the means to the realization of this option's full potential. The DOE National Photovoltaics Program, a significant sponsor of PV R&D, expects both flat-plate and concentrator collectors to meet established cost targets. Citing the DOE large flat-plate grid-connected system project of the Sacramento Municipal Utility District, current technology modules priced at near $5/Wp (1983 dollars) are steadily reducing costs. A recent DOE study suggests that PV-generated electricity produced at a 30-year levelized cost of 15 cents per kWh would represent a viable energy supply alternative for the nation.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Mechanical Engineering (ISSN 0025-6501); 105; 16-23
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  • 79
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    Thermal response of advanced high temperature ceramic-composite insulation to a convectively heated environment (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The Space Shuttle uses currently fibrous high temperature, reusable surface insulation (HRSI) as a Thermal Protection System (TPS) at 1260 C for normal-design mission operation. Higher density material of a similar type extended the maximum temperature to 1480 C. However, a surface temperature capability exceeding 1540 C is desired for future space vehicles, such as the Orbital Transfer Vehicle (OTV). A TPS providing such a capability would permit future entry vehicles to enter the atmosphere at a much higher velocity than the Space Shuttle. The present investigation is concerned with arc-jet test data obtained from a family of fibrous refractory-composite insulation (FRCI) materials developed to meet the future TPS requirements. FRCI materials containing between 20 and 80 percent aluminoborosilicate fibers with the balance composed of silica fibers were studied.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings (ISSN 0196-6219); 4; 533-550
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  • 80
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    Fire resistant films for aircraft applications (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Alternative sandwich panel decorative films were investigated as replacements for the polyvinyl fluoride currently used in aircraft interiors. Candidate films were studied for flammability, smoke emission, toxic gas emission, flame spread, and suitability as a printing surface for the decorative acrylic ink system. Several of the candidate films tested were flame modified polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, polyamide, polysulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyethersulfone, polybenzimidazole, polycarbonate, polyparabanic acid, polyphosphazene, polyetheretherketon, and polyester. The films were evaluated as pure films only, films silk-screened with an acrylic ink, and films adhered to a phenolic fiberglass substrate. Films which exhibited the highest fire resistant properties included PEEK polyetheretherketon, Aramid polyamide, and ISO-BPE polyester. Previously announced in STAR as N83-22320
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: Journal of Fire Sciences (ISSN 0734-9041); 1; 200-220
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  • 81
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    The efficient solution of transonic wing flow fields (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: An evaluation of the transonic-wing-analysis computer code TWING is presented. TWING utilizes a fully implicit, approximate-factorization iteration scheme to solve the full-potential equation in conservative form. A numerical elliptic-solver grid-generation scheme is used to generate the required finite-difference mesh. Several wing configurations have been analyzed, and comparisons of computed results have been made with available experimental data. Results indicate that the code is robust, accurate (when significant viscous effects are not present), and efficient. TWING generally produces solutions an order of magnitude faster than other conservative, full-potential codes using successive-line overrelaxation. The present method is applicable to a wide range of isolated wing configurations, including high-aspect-ratio transport wings and low-aspect-ratio, high-sweep, fighter configurations.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 82
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    Transonic small disturbance calculations including entropy corrections (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Murman's fully conservative mixed type finite-difference operators are first modified. A special sonic point operator with an iterative damping term is introduced which helps the convergence and does not affect the spatial conservative differences. Reliable calculations with second order supersonic schemes are obtained using two sonic operators, the regular sonic point operator followed by a first order supersonic scheme. Also, shock point operator is shown to be equivalent to fitting a locally normal shock terminating the supersonic region. The potential calculations are then modified to account for the non-isentropic jump conditions using a simple shock fitting procedure based on Prandtl relation. The entropy increase across the shock is calculated in terms of the Mach number upstream of the shock and the effect of the generated vorticity is estimated via Crocco relation. Different examples are calculated and extensions to the full potential equation are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 83
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    Numerical simulation of turbulent trailing edge flows (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Numerical simulations of the time-dependent, Reynolds-averaged, Navier-Stokes equations, employing a two-equation turbulence model, are presented and compared with measurements from a series of trailing edge experiments at transonic Mach numbers. The test flows include an asymmetric flow with no separation, an asymmetric flow with a small region of separation and a symmetric flow with a large shock-wave induced separated zone. Comparisons are made for mean surface quantities as well as for mean and fluctuating flow-field quantities. For the trailing-edge flows with little or no separation, the solutions correctly predict all the major features of the flow field. Treatment of the viscous-inviscid interaction was found to be important for predicting these test cases. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models were found to be adequate for these flows. However, for the shock-wave induced separation case, these turbulence models were inadequate to predict this flow field. Modifications of the turbulence model to correct these deficiencies are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 84
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    A basic design fault in ceramic flat packs (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Recent moisture resistance tests of various multilayer top brazed ceramic flat packs and leaded and unleaded chip carriers has revealed a serious design defect. These packages, which utilize a tungsten interconnect system, in the presence of high humidity, suffer a galvanic corrosion which anodically consumes the tungsten. This process can continue until the package suffers an open circuit. The test results indicate that the lead plating system does not adequately seal off the interface area where the tungsten stripe egresses from the inside of the package. Leaded and leadless chip carrier packages were also subjected to the moisture resistance test. The familiar red and green corrosion products were visible after the test was completed. Careful sectioning of the chip carriers has revealed that the tungsten interconnect stripe instead of exiting under the castellations, exits at the top of the castellation and is thus vulnerable to the attack of moisture. These basic design faults severely impact the reliability of these packages.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
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  • 85
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    Resin characterization in cured graphite fiber reinforced composites using diffuse reflectance-FTIR (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The feasibility of using diffuse reflectance in combination with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to obtain information on cured graphite fiber reinforced polymeric matrix resin composites was investigated. Several graphite/epoxy, polysulfone, and polyimide composites exposed to thermal or radiation environments were examined. An experimental polyimide-sulfone adhesive tape was also studied during processing. In each case, significant changes in resin molecular structure was observed due to environmental exposure. These changes in molecular structure were correlated with previously observed changes in material properties providing new insights into material behavior.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
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  • 86
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    Acetylene-terminated polyimide adhesives (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The nadic-encapped LARC-43 addition polyimide exhibits excellent flow, is easy to process, and can be utilized for short terms at temperatures up to 593 C. It retains good lap shear strength as an adhesive for titanium after aging in air up to 125 hours at 316 C; but lap shear strength degrades with longer exposures at that temperature. Thermid 600, an addition polyimide that is acetylene encapped, exhibits thermomechanical properties even after long term exposure in at air at 316 C. An inherent drawback of this system is that it has a narrow processing window. An acetylene encapped, addition polyimide which is a hybrid of these two systems was developed. It has good retention of strength after long term aging and is easily processed. The synthesis and characterization of various molecular weight oligomers of this system are discussed as well as the bonding, aging, and testing of lap shear adhesive samples. Previously announced in STAR as N83-18910
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
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  • 87
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    Maleimido substituted cyclotriphosphazene resins for fire and heat resistant composites (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A new class of fire- and heat-resistant matrix resins have been synthesized by the thermal polymerization of maleimido substituted phenoxycyclotriphosphazenes. The resins have exhibited a char yield of 82 percent at 800 C in nitrogen and 81 percent at 700 C in air. Graphite-fabric laminates based on a resin of this class have shown a limiting oxygen index of 100 percent even at 300 C. Details of the fabrication of the resins and the composites and testing procedures are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
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  • 88
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    A basic design fault in ceramic flat packs (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Recent moisture resistance tests of various multilayer top brazed ceramic flat packs and leaded and unleaded chip carriers has revealed a serious design defect. These packages, which utilize a tungsten interconnect system, in the presence of high humidity, suffer a galvanic corrosion which anodically consumes the tungsten. This process can continue until the package suffers an open circuit. The test results indicate that the lead plating system does not adequately seal off the interface area where the tungsten strips egresses from the inside of the package.
    Schlagwort(e): NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Materialart: SAMPE Quarterly (ISSN 0036-0821); 14; 28-32
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  • 89
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    Harnessing surface plasmons for solar energy conversion (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: NASA research on the feasibility of solar-energy conversion using surface plasmons is reviewed, with a focus on inelastic-tunnel-diode techniques for power extraction. The need for more efficient solar converters for planned space missions is indicated, and it is shown that a device with 50-percent efficiency could cost up to 40 times as much per sq cm as current Si cells and still be competitive. The parallel-processing approach using broadband carriers and tunable diodes is explained, and the physics of surface plasmons on metal surfaces is outlined. Technical problems being addressed include phase-matching sunlight to surface plasmons, minimizing ohmic losses and reradiation in energy transport, coupling into the tunnels by mode conversion, and gaining an understanding of the tunnel-diode energy-conversion process. Diagrams illustrating the design concepts are provided.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 90
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    Thermoelectric energy conversion with solid electrolytes (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The alkali metal thermoelectric converter (AMTEC) is a device for the direct conversion of heat to electrical energy. The sodium ion conductor beta-double prime-alumina is used to form a high-temperature regenerative concentration cell for elemental sodium. An AMTEC of mature design should have an efficiency of 20 to 40 percent, a power density of 0.5 kilowatt per kilogram or more, no moving parts, low maintenance requirements, high durability, and efficiency independent of size. It should be usable with high-temperature combustion, nuclear, or solar heat sources. Experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of the AMTEC and confirmed the theoretical analysis of the device. A wide range of applications from aerospace power to utility power plants appears possible.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 221; Sept. 2
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  • 91
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    Preliminary supersonic analysis methods including high angle of attack (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2343, Accession no. A82-31925
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0021-8669)
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  • 92
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    Design of supercritical cascades with high solidity (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2343, Accession no. A82-31931
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0001-1452)
    Format: text
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  • 93
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    Prediction of separated asymmetric trailing-edge flows at transonic Mach numbers (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: (Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2348, Accession no. A82-31974)
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0001-1452)
    Format: text
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  • 94
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    A finite-volume, adaptive grid algorithm applied to planetary entry flowfields (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2347, Accession no. A82-31971
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0001-1452)
    Format: text
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  • 95
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    Analysis of the interaction of an electron beam with back surface field solar cells (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: In this paper the short circuit current Isc induced by the electron beam of a scanning electron microscope in a back surface field solar cell will be determined theoretically. It will be shown that, in a configuration used previously for solar cells with an ohmic back surface, the Isc gives a convenient means for estimating the back surface recombination velocities and thus the quality of back surface field cells. Numerical data will be presented applicable to a point source model for the electron-hole pair generation.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Physics (ISSN 0021-8979); 54; July 198
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  • 96
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    Dish concentrators for solar thermal energy (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 03, p. 397, Accession no. A82-14001
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: (ISSN 0146-0412)
    Format: text
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  • 97
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    Solar thermal technologies - Potential benefits to U.S. utilities and industry (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Solar energy systems were investigated which complement nuclear and coal technologies as a means of reducing the U.S. dependence on imported petroleum. Solar Thermal Energy Systems (STES) represents an important category of solar energy technologies. STES can be utilized in a broad range of applications servicing a variety of economic sectors, and they can be deployed in both near-term and long-term markets. The net present value of the energy cost savings attributable to electric utility and IPH applications of STES were estimated for a variety of future energy cost scenarios and levels of R&D success. This analysis indicated that the expected net benefits of developing an STES option are significantly greater than the expected costs of completing the required R&D. In addition, transportable fuels and chemical feedstocks represent a substantial future potential market for STES. Due to the basic nature of this R&D activity, however, it is currently impossible to estimate the value of STES in these markets. Despite this fact, private investment in STES R&D is not anticipated due to the high level of uncertainty characterizing the expected payoffs. Previously announced in STAR as N83-10547
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Journal of Energy (ISSN 0146-0412); 7; July-Aug
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  • 98
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    Turbulence modeling for computational aerodynamics (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 07, p. 965, Accession no. A82-19783
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0001-1452)
    Format: text
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  • 99
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    Correlation of solar cell electrical properties with material characteristics of silicon cast by the ubiquitous crystallization process (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Solar cells were fabricated using a conservative 'baseline' process on 1-3 Omega-cm p-type silicon from ingots cast by the ubiquitous crystallization process. Conversion efficiencies of the cells were measured, as well as spectral response and minority carrier diffusion length. Adjacent slices from the same ingot were studied for their grain size, dislocation distribution, and impurity distribution. Cell performance was related to the observed structural features, as well as to the chemical structure of the ingot.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Electrochemical Society, Journal (ISSN 0013-4651); 130; June 198
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  • 100
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    Numerical solution of transonic wing flowfields (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 06, p. 796, Accession no. A82-17785
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0001-1452)
    Format: text
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