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  • Artikel  (118)
  • Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry  (118)
  • 1985-1989  (84)
  • 1980-1984  (34)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1989  (84)
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  • Biologie  (118)
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  • 1985-1989  (84)
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  • Biologie  (118)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010101
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Endogenous and induced monooxygenase activity in gypsy moth larvae feeding on natural and artificial diets (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Lymantria dispar ; Heliothis zea ; Estigmene acrea ; Diptera ; α-pinene ; pine ; oak ; MFO ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: NADPH oxidase activity was measured in third to sixth instar gypsy moth larvae fed oak or pine foliage. Activity levels ranged from 400 to 1,900 pmol NADPH oxidized/min/mg microsomal protein, but enzyme activity was not correlated with host plant ingested. Similarly, activity levels in larvae fed diets containing inducers, such as the terpenoid α-pinene or pentamethylbenzene, ranged from 700 to 1,500 pmol NADPH oxidized/min/mg protein, levels that were comparable to those measured for larvae fed control diets. O-demethylase activity in older instar gypsy moth larvae fed pine averaged 109 pmol p-nitrophenol/min/mg protein, and activity levels in those fed diet containing α-pinene ranged from 22 to 55 pmol/min/mg protein. Although statistically significant, these induced O-demethylase levels are well below those observed for Heliothis zea larvae. Our findings indicate that monooxygenases play a minor, if any, role in the ability of later instar gypsy moth larvae to develop successfully on pine foliage.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100105
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alteration of hemolymph polypeptides in Manduca sexta larvae parasitized by Cotesia congregata: A two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis and comparison with major bacteria-induced proteins (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 29-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): parasitism ; tobacco hornworm ; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; hemolymph proteins ; insect defense mechanisms ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Analyses using one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) previously demonstrated that parasitization by the braconid wasp Cotesia congregata significantly alters the normal hemolymph polypeptide profile of host Manduca sexta larvae. In the present study two-dimensional gel analyses corroborated our earlier findings and provided additional evidence that multiple parasitism-specific polypeptides were induced, which varied according to the stage of development of the wasps. Parasitization additionally elicited changes in the total protein concentration detected in the blood. Initially an elevation was observed, with newly parasitized larvae exhibiting a twofold elevation in hemolymph protein concentration by 12-24 h postoviposition. In contrast, terminal-stage hosts with second instar parasites had significantly less protein in the hemolymph, likely due to reduced growth and inhibition of arylphorin synthesis by the fat body during the final stages of parasitism. Comparison of the array of hemolymph polypeptides produced in unparasitized larvae injected with 106cells of the gram-negative bacterium Enterobacter cloacae with those proteins induced by parasitization indicated the two classes are different. Our findings confirm that the hostresponse to parasitism is a specific one, and not mimicked by bacterial challenge. Duringshort-term in vitro culture of wasp larvae dissected from the host hemocoel, several proteins were detected in the medium using SDS - PAGE, with their appearance in vitro suggestive of secretion by the wasps in vivo. Moreover, hemolymph from the parasites had significant amounts of putative host proteins, including an arylphorin - like polypeptide and a protein with a mobility similar to that of insecticyanin. Thus, a dynamic interchange of proteins may occur, with the parasites accumulating host proteins while simultaneously secreting a variety of factors into the host hemocoel.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100104
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone blend of Manduca sexta: Responses of central olfactory interneurons to antennal stimulation in male moths (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 281-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): antennal lobe ; electrophysiology ; olfaction ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Recently, chemical analysis of solvent rinses of the external surfaces of pheromone glands from female Manduca sexta revealed a blend of 12 aldehydes, including the previously identified sex pheromone component, (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal (bombykal). Previous electrophysiological studies showed that olfactory (deutocerebral) interneurons in the antennal lobes of males exhibited a wide range of responsiveness to pheromonal stimulation of the ipsilateral antenna. These experiments were performed with crude extracts of pheromone glands as well as two synthetic compounds: the major pheromone component, bombykal, and (E,Z)-11,13-pentadecadienal, a mimic of a second component of the female's pheromone blend. Using intracellular methods, we have now reexamined similar olfactory interneurons, using each of the 12 chemically identified components as well as synthetic blends of various combinations of them. Eight of the 12 components isolated from female glands elicited some form of response in olfactory interneurons in males. In accordance with biochemical and behavioral data, the most potent are bombykal and two trienals, (E,E,E)- and (E,E,Z)-10,12,14-hexadecatrienal. We also conclude that the C15 dienal is selective for one of the trienal receptors on the antenna, but is much less potent than the natural trienal stimulant.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100404
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110101
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Control of copulation-enhanced protein synthesis in the long hyaline gland of the male grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 13-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): accessory reproductive gland ; corpus allatum ; nervi corporis allati ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Control of copulation-enhanced protein synthesis in the accessory reproductive gland of the male grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes, has been studied by measurement of in vivo incorporation of [35S]methionine into a juvenile hormone (JH)-regulated Mr 72,000 glycoprotein, long hyaline protein I (LHPI). In normal males, incorporation into LHPI was enhanced within 4 h of the commencement of mating and had increased even further when measured 24 h later. Short (15 min) copulations, in which small amounts of LHPI were discharged, stimulated incorporation into LHPI but brief genital contact did not. Neither severance of the nervi corporis allati nor allatectomy (CA-) on day 1 prevented copulation-enhancement of incorporation into LHPI. Decapitation after 15 min of copulation also failed to prevent copulation-enhanced incorporation into LHPI. This suggests that neither the CA nor the corpus cardiacum/brain complex is essential for the response. There was, however, a strong positive correlation between the amount of LHPI lost at copulation and the subsequent rate of incorporation into LHPI. These results suggest that control of copulation-enhanced incorporation of amino acids into LHPI is peripheral and linked to the extent of gland emptying.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110103
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metabolism of dietary Δ8-sterols and 9β, 19-cyclopropyl sterols by Locusta migratoria (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 47-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum sativum ; fenpropimorph ; steryl esters ; ecdysteroids ; 24-methyl pollinastanol ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Adult female locusts were reared on wheat seedlings (experimental wheat) containing more than 97% of 9,10-cyclopropyl sterols and Δ8-sterols and less than 2% of Δ5-sterols. These insects showed a dramatic decrease in their cholesterol, cholestanol and Δ7-cholestanol content compared with control insects. These changes were more dramatic for steryl esters than for free sterols. Similar results were observed in eggs laid by the insects fed on experimental wheat. The decrease in Δ5-, Δ0- and Δ7-sterols in insects reared on experimental wheat was compensated by a marked accumulation of Δ8-sterols and 9β, 19-cyclopropyl sterols in the free sterol fraction and especially in the steryl ester fractions. The ecdysteroid content of eggs laid by experimental female insects was reduced by up to 80% compared with controls. These and other results suggest that the dietary 9β, 19-cyclopropyl sterols and Δ8-sterols cannot be used by Locusta in place of Δ5-sterols for ecdysteroid biosynthesis. To give support to this hypothesis, the experimental wheat was supplemented with various sterols before being presented to the insects immediately after the first egg laying. When cholesterol, sitosterol, or cholestanol were used as supplements, there was a complete recovery of the ecdysteroid titer in the eggs, a disappearance of 9β, 19-cyclopropyl sterols, and a restoration of the cholesterol content in both the animals and the eggs. Stigmasterol, stigmastanol, and ergosterol were much less efficient in reversing the effects of the experimental wheat. As expected, 9β, 19-cyclopropyl sterols were totally ineffective. These results are discussed in the light of our information on the role played by sterols in insect development and on the structural features required by the sterols to fulfill their role.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110106
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110301
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes in the hemolymph of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, after a blood meal (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 147-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): hemolymph volume ; osmotic pressure ; cations ; anions ; ion chromatography ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The stable fly hemolymph was analyzed after a blood meal. The hemolymph volume increased to approximately three times the pre-feeding level 3-6 h after a blood meal and gradually returned to normal 18 h after the blood meal. The osmotic pressure decreased approximately 10% following a blood meal and gradually returned to normal with a pattern that was a mirror-image of that of the hemolymph volume. Concentrations of cations and anions are not directly affected by the ingested blood, indicating a possible selective excretory mechanism.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110303
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some macromolecular abnormalities developed by the interaction of malathion and permethrin and subsequent refeeding in Tribolium castaneum larvae (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 203-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): acetylcholine esterase ; protein ; carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The effects of sublethal treatments of malathion and malathion + permethrin combinations on activities of acetylcholine esterase (ChE), carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes (amylase; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH), protein-metabolizing enzymes (alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, ALAT, ASAT), as well as acid and basic phosphatases (AcP and AkP, respectively), and Kreb's cycle enzymes (isocitrate dehydrogenase, ICDH) were studied on sixth instar larvae of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. In addition, the levels of lipid, cholesterol, glucose, glycogen, proteins, free amino acids (FAA), urea, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) were determined. Malathion (400 ppm) increased the activity of LDH (53%), as well as the concentrations of FAA (31%) and urea (39%). Malathion treatments of 400 ppm decreased the glucose (20%) and glycogen (24%) content but did not affect other enzymes and biochemical components. Permethrin (200 ppm) and malathion (20 ppm) mixtures increased the activities of ChE (708%) and LDH (55%), and raised the concentrations of FAA (26%), urea (24%), glucose (23%), lipid (14%), cholesterol (21%), DNA (24%), and RNA (8%). The decrease in AcP activity and in glycogen concentration observed with malathion was sustained by permethrin in the mixture. Permethrin + malathion mixtures also depressed the levels of AkP (30%), ICDH (24%), and glycogen (36%). The intensity of effects commensurated with the dose and duration of insecticide exposure. Refeeding showed tendencies towards normalization of various biochemical parameters.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110402
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stimulating action of methyl 12, 12, 12-trifluorofarnesoate on in vitro juvenile hormone III biosynthesis in blattella germanica (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 257-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): German cockroach ; corpora allata ; farnesoic acid ; 12, 12, 12-trifluorofarnesoic acid ; 12, 12, 12-trifluorofarnesol ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Methyl 12, 12, 12-trifluorofarnesoate (MTFF) at a dose of 10 μM, stimulated in vitro juvenile hormone (JH) release in corpora allata (CA) from 6-day-old, freshly ecdysed, and 8-day-old (period of ootheca transport) adult virgin females of Blattella germanica. In addition, MTFF also induced intraglandular accumulation of JH and MF in treated CA. Trifluorofarnesoic acid (TFFA) and trifluorofarnesol (TFF) exhibited the same properties, although to a lesser extent than MTFF. The detection of MTFF in TFFA-treated CA suggested that TFFA and TFF were biotransformed into MTFF by the CA enzymatic system and that this ester might be responsible for the activity observed. Equivalent experiments carried out with farnesoic acid (FA) resulted in a more significant stimulation of JH production. This is not surprising, because exogenous FA is readily epoxidized at C10-C11 double bond and methylated to afford JH. Conversely, analytical data have shown that the C6-C7 double bond of MTFF is epoxidized by the CA enzymatic system, whereas that at C10-C11 remains practically unaltered.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110406
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microplitis croceipes teratocytes cause developmental arrest of Heliothis virescens larvae (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 51-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): tobacco budworm ; Braconidae ; trophoserosa cells ; juvenile hormone esterase ; polydnavirus ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Microplitis croceipes teratocytes placed into nonparasitized Heliothis virescens larvae survived in the absence of a parasitoid larva and caused developmental changes in the host. Expressions of these changes included delayed larval mortality, incomplete larval-pupal ecdysis, or delayed pupation. Two day old 4th stadium H. virescens larvae were more sensitive to injected teratocytes than were 5th stadium larvae. Three day old teratocytes were more effective than were 6 day old teratocytes. The degree of response was related to the number of injected teratocytes. For example, 750 three day old teratocytes (the approximate number from a single parasitoid egg) caused delayed larval mortality in 96% of the treated larvae whereas 175 three day old teratocytes caused delayed larval mortality in only 33% of the treated larvae. Even a dose of 80 teratocytes resulted in 15% incomplete larval-pupal ecdysis compared to 0% for controls. Treatment with hemocyte-and teratocyte-free hemolymph from parasitized larvae, hemocytes from nonparasitized H. virescens, unfertilized M. croceipes eggs, Cotesia congregata teratocytes, or Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells all had very little effect either on larval growth or development time.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120105
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Juvenile hormone-like effects of a thiazolylurea on lepidopteran larvae (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 79-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): juvenile hormone analog ; insect development ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Heliothis virescens maintained on a diet containing 50 ppm of thiazolylurea (5-[[[2-thiazolylamino]amino]carbonyl]-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester) showed symptoms of juvenile hormone overdose in the last larval instar. Increases in development time and weight, as well as larval color changes, were similar in animals fed thiazolylurea or topically treated with the juvenile hormone mimic methoprene. The juvenile hormone esterase titer profile in hemolymph of animals fed thiazolylurea was much broader than in controls, and peaked 2 days later than in controls; the premolt ecdysteroid peak in hemolymph of animals fed thiazolylurea appeared 2 days earlier than in controls. These events are characteristic of high hemolymph JH titers throughout the last larval instar.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120202
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120301
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ploidy levels and DNA synthesis in fat body cells of the adult mosquito, Aedes aegypti: The role of juvenile hormone (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 133-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): microspectrophotometry ; methoprene ; egg development ; yellow fever mosquito ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Adult females of the mosquito Aedes aegypti showed two cycles of DNA replication in the fat body based on microspectrophotometric measurement of changes in nuclear DNA. The first cycle began after emergence and resulted in 80% of diploid fat body cells becoming tetraploid and 20% becoming octoploid by the end of the third day. The second replication cycle occurred 48-72 h after a blood meal and resulted in an increase in octoploid nuclei to 67% Topical application of juvenile hormone or methoprene to abdomens isolated at emergence stimulated an increase in ploidy levels above that normally seen in situ. Synthesis of DNA, estimated by incorporation of injected [3H]-thymidine, rose after emergence and remained high for 2 days. Synthesis increased again after a blood meal, reached a peak by 6 h, and returned to low levels by 24 h after the meal. The timing of DNA synthesis and a measurable increase in ploidy were temporally separated. The ploidy increase, but not DNA synthesis, was correlated with increases in juvenile hormone levels.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120302
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ecdysone oxidase and 3-oxoecdysteroid reductases in Manduca sexta midgut: Kinetic parameters (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 201-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): 3-epimerization ; 3-dehydroecdysone ; 3-epiecdysone ; 3α-hydroxyecdysteroids ; 3β-hydroxyecdysteroids ; NADH ; NADPH ; molting hormone inactivation ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone are converted to their 3-epimers by enzymes in the midgut cytosol of Manduca sexta larvae. A partially purified cytosol preparation has been used to analyze the nature of and the interaction between these enzymes. The cytosol was shown to contain ecdysone oxidase, one or more 3-oxoecdysteroid 3α-reductase(s), and one or more 3-oxoecdysteroid 3β-reductase(s). The reductases reacted at different velocities with NADH and NADPH. With NADH, 3α-reduction was the major reaction; with NADPH, 3β-reduction was the major reaction. The apparent kinetic parameters for the enzymes support the assumed two-step mechanism for the 3-epimerization with a 3-oxoecdysteroid as intermediate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120402
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Conversion of ecdysone and 20-Hydroxyecdysone into 26-OIC derivatives is a major pathway in larvae and pupae of species from three insect orders (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 41-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): ecdysteroids ; ecdysonic acids ; hormone ; metabolism ; insects ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Insects convert ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone into their corresponding 26-oic derivatives, named ecdysonoic acid and 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid respectively. The conversion takes piace in several tissues and can either be the only pathway for converting ecdysone into highly polar ecdysteroids, or coexist with various conjugating mechanisms.20-Hydroxyecdysonoic acid was isolated from Pieris brassicae pupae as its methyl ester derivative. Its chemical structure was identified by Cl/D mass spectrometry and compared with a synthetic compound (20-hydroxy-25-deoxyecdysonoic acid) chemically prepared by oxidation of inokosterone (20,26-dihydroxy-25-deoxyecdysone). Natural ecdysonoic acids appear to exist as a mixture of 25R and 25S isomers.The significance of this pathway is discussed in comparison with similar reactions occuring in the metabolism of steroid hormones in vertebrates.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010106
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evidence for chitin synthesis in an insect cell line (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 225-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): insect cell line ; chitin synthesis ; diflubenzuron ; differentiated function ; mass spectra ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Cells from the continuous MRRL-CH line derived from embryos of the tobacco hornworm synthesized chitin. Digestion of the washed pellet from [14C]-N-acetylglucosamine-labeled cells by chitinase yielded a water-soluble labeled compound. The lyophilized residue from the supernatant of the chitin digestion was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography as its trimethylsilyl derivative. The major component cochromatographed with derivitized chitobiose. The presence of chitobiose was confirmed by gas chro-matography-mass spectrometry. The synthesis of chitin by this cell line is inhibited by diflubenzuron.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010305
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone and tunicamycin on glycoprotein synthesis in an insect cell line (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 251-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): 20-hydroxyecdysone ; tunicamycin ; insect cell line ; glycoproteins ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Treatment of CH-MRRL cells with either 20-hydroxyecdysone or tunicamycin resulted in a decrease in the incorporation of labeled sugars into glycoproteins. This change appears to be largely quantitative, as few qualitative changes in protein bands were apparent as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Tunicamycin caused a greater change in the amount of labeled sugar incorporated into specific glycoproteins than did 20-hydroxyecdysone. This was more apparent in [14C]-mannose-labeled than in [14C]-N-acetylglucosamine-labeled glycoproteins. Both compounds caused changes in cell surface glycoproteins. These changes are discussed in relation to previous work on binding of lectins to the cell surface and on the mode of action of tunicamycin.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010308
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metabolism of Δ0-, Δ5-, and Δ7-Sterols by Larvae of Heliothis zea (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 281-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Heliothis zea ; cholesterol ; campesterol ; sitosterol ; lathosterol ; epifungisterol ; spinasterol ; cholestanoi ; epicoprostanol ; campestanol ; sitostanol ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Heliothis zea was reared on artificial diets containing Δ5-sterols (cholesterol, campesterol, or sitosterol), Δ7-sterols (lathosterol, epifungisterol, or spinasterol), or Δ0-sterols (cholestanol, epicoprostanol, campestanol, or sitostanol) in order to determine how different dietary sterols affect the type of sterols present in the tissues of the late-sixth-instar larva. Although all of the dietary sterols (except epicoprostanol) supported the growth of the larvae, not all of the sterols were metabolized to the same end products. In each case, at least 80% of the sterols in the tissues of the larvae retained the same nucleus as that of the dietary sterol, indicating that H. zea carries out very little metabolism of ring B of Δ5-, Δ7-, and Δ0-sterols. The larvae dealkylated the Δ5-, Δ7-, and Δ0-alkylsterols to 24-desalkylsterols, but a greater percentage of the Δ5-alkylsterols were metabolized in this manner. The sterols present as free sterols in the larva were also present as esterifed sterols which accounted for 2-4% of the total sterols. Therefore, the sterol composition of the tissues of H. zea can be altered by varying the dietary sterols.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010310
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effects of tunicamycin and 20-hydroxyecdysone on the cell surface properties of two insect cell lines (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 59-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): 20-hydroxyecdysone ; tunicamycin ; insect cell line ; concanavalin A ; wheat germ ; agglutinin ; glycoproteins ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The radiolabeled lectins, concanavalin A* and wheat germ agglutinin, were used to study surface properties of two insect cell lines. We also looked at the effects of tunicamycin and 20-hydroxyecdysone on the binding of these lectins to one of the cell lines. Both UMBGE-2 and CH-MRRL cells bound both lectins, specifically. The CH-MRRL cells showed an overall higher binding for the lectins than the UMBGE-2 cells. This difference may account for some of the striking morphological difference seen between these cells. Tunicamycin and 20-hydroxyecdysone decreased the binding of both [125I]-Con A and [125I]-WGA to CH-MRRL cells. These results suggest that cell surface glycoproteins play a role in the modification of cellular morphology and in other hormone-mediated physiological functions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010107
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010201
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spontaneous and neurally evoked contractions of visceral muscles in the oviduct of Locusta migratoria (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 179-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Locusta migratoria ; myogenic ; neurogenic ; visceral muscle ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The oviducts of Locusta migratoria are innervated by a pair of nerves which arise from, the seventh abdominal ganglion. A distinctive network of striated muscle fibres occurs in the oviducts. The lateral oviducts and common oviduct consist of an inner circular layer of muscle and an outer longitudinal layer of muscle. At the junction of the lateral and common oviduct an additional thin longitudinal layer is found adjacent to the basement epithelium.The oviducts contracted spontaneously when isolated from the central nervous system. These myogenic contractions took the form of peristaltic contractions in the lateral oviduct, and intermittent phasic-like contractions of the posterior regions of the lateral oviduct and the common oviduct. These phasic-like contractions were associated with individual complex potentials recorded extracellularly from the muscle fibres.In locusts that had been interrupted in the process of egg laying, there were large-amplitude action potentials, firing in a bursting pattern, in the oviducal nerves. These large action potentials were absent in locusts that had not been egg-laying. These action potentials were associated with both bioelectric potentials and mechanical events in the posterior region of the lateral oviduct and the common oviduct.Electrical stimulation of the oviducal nerve mimicked the effects of spontaneous action potentials, resulting in the appearance of monophasic potentials and contractions. The contractions were graded and dependent upon both frequency and duration of stimulation.It is concluded that the oviducts of Locusta are both myogenic and neurogenic. The role of these contractions in oviposition is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010208
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Treatment of larvae with repeated doses of precocene II induces precocious metamorphic changes in Spodoptera mauritia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): corpora allata ; juvenile hormone ; precocene ; precocius development ; Spodoptera mauritia ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In Spodoptera mauritia repeated daily treatments of larvae with 40 μg of precocene II throughout the fifth and sixth instar larval period had no effect on the larval-larval period but prolonged larval-pupal ecdysis. The resulting pupae showed precocious adult differentiation of mouth parts, wings, eyes, legs, and fat body.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010210
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some pharmacological properties of neuromuscular transmission in the oviduct of the locust, Locusta migratoria (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 231-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Locusta ; visceral muscle ; oviduct ; proctolin ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The effects of various pharmacological agents on neurally evoked contractions of the visceral muscles of the oviduct of Locusta migratoria have been examined. The pentapeptide, proctolin, at low concentrations (10-11 M-10-10 M), induced an increase in the amplitude of neurally evoked contractions and basal tonus, and induced the appearance and increased the frequency of myogenic contractions. Glutamate, at 10-4 M, produced a small transient contraction which in some preparations was accompanied by a reduction in amplitude of neurally evoked contractions. Octopamine, at 10-6 M, reduced the amplitude of neurally evoked contractions and also resulted in a relaxation of the muscles. The octopaminergic effects were inhibited by the α-aminergic antagonist phentolamine. Neurally evoked contractions were unaffected by dopamine, 5-HT or the acetylcholine receptor antagonists atropine and hexamethonium. Acetylcholine increased the amplitude of neurally evoked contractions, but only at the high concentration of 10-3 M.The possible role of proctolin and glutamate as excitatory neuro-transmitters and the inhibitory action of octopamine is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010306
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Meeting Announcements (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 307-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: No Absbract.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010312
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of the venom of Philanthus triangulum F. (Hym. sphecidae) and β- and δ-philanthotoxin on axonal excitability and synaptic transmission in the cockroach CNS (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 297-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Periplaneta americana CNS ; synaptic transmission ; axonal excitability ; ACh-iontophoresis ; β- and δ-philanthotoxin ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: This paper provides answers to the questions which of the toxins present in the venom of the wasp Philanthus triangulum may be responsible for the previously reported blockage of transmission through the sixth abdominal ganglion of the cockroach, and whether this may occur by block of synaptic transmission or by affecting axonal exitability. In current clamp experiments the crude venom induces a slight depolarization of the membrane of the giant axon from the sixth abdominal ganglion of the cockroach and a small and irreversible decrease in the amplitude of the action potential. These marginal effects are not seen with relatively high concentrations of the philanthotoxins β-PTX and δ-PTX. It appears that neither the crude venom nor the toxins significantly affect the excitability of the cockroach giant axon. At a concentration of 20 μg ml-1 δ-PTX causes a slowly reversible block of synaptic transmission from the cercal nerve XI to a giant interneuron without any change in resting membrane potential, whereas β-PTX is inactive. Iontophoretically evoked acetylcholine potentials of the giant neuron are more sensitive to δ-PTX than excitatory postsynaptic potentials. This suggests that the toxin acts on the postsynaptic membrane.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010311
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evidence for a presynaptic action of chlordimeform at the insect neuromuscular junction (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): insecticide chlordimeform ; neuromuscular junction ; transmitter release ; presynaptic spike ; postsynaptic potentials ; Tenebrio molitor ; mealworm ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The mechanism of action of chlordimeform on the mealworm nerve-muscle preparation was studied with microelectrodes. Chlordimeform affected neither the mean amplitude nor the frequency of spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Extracellular focal recordings show that in the presence of 0.8 mM chlordimeform the presynaptic spike is almost unchanged, but the quantal content for evoked transmitter release is reduced. It is suggested that chlordimeform decreases the influx of calcium at the presynaptic terminal during the active phase of the nerve terminal action potential, thereby inhibiting evoked transmitter release.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010105
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the relationship between the electroantennogram and simultaneously recorded single sensillum response of the european corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): electroantennogram ; pheromone ; sensillum ; European corn borer ; olfaction ; sensilla trichodea ; Ostrina nubilalis ; electrosensillogram ; antenna ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Electrical responses of the whole antenna (electroantennogram) and that of the single sensillum trichodeum (electrosensillogram) of male moth of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, to their two pheromone components, (Z)- and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetates, were recorded simultaneously. The configuration characteristics of both responses resemble each other, and demonstrate an interaction between sensilla trichodea. The typical difference in the response pattern between London (Ontario) and New York strains of this moth seems to be a property of the sensillum trichodeum.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010109
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Partial purification and characterization of phenobarbital-induced house fly cytochrome P-450 (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 127-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): aldrin epoxidase ; column chromatography ; cytochrome P-450 ; house fly ; Musca domestica ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Two forms of phenobarbital-induced cytochrome P-450 were partially purified from the Rutgers diazinon-resistant strain of house fly using cholate solubilization, polyethylene glycol 6000 precipitation, and chromatography on DEAE cellulose. The preparation of highest purity had an absorbance maximum of 452 nm, a specific content of 10.0 nmol/mg protein, and an apparent molecular weight of 60,000 when examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The yield of the highly purified cytochrome P-450 was 2-3%. This form contained proportionately less cytochrome P-420 than the original cholate solubilized microsomes, and is thus apparently more stable. A second form of cytochrome P-450 having a specific content of 0.50-0.89 nmol/mg protein was eluted from DEAE cellulose with a 0-0.25 M salt gradient. This is consistent with a previously reported elution pattern for Emulgen 913-solubilized house fly microsomes. Several methods of solubilizing house fly microsomes were examined. High salt, 2M KCI, in the absence of detergents effectively solubilized cytochrome P-450 (50-70% recovery) with little or no conversion to cytochrome P-(420).
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010202
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of potential inhibitors on N-acetylation of octopamine by tissue extracts from malpighian tubules and cerebral ganglia of Periplaneta americana L (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 29-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): N-acetyltransferase ; dopamine ; 5-hydroxytryptamine ; formamidines ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: N-acetyltransferase activity in extracts of Malpighian tubules and cerebral ganglia from Periplaneta americana L. was monitored using high performance liquid chromatography with coulometric electrochemical detection. Several potential inhibitors were tested against the tissue preparations, and the results indicate distinct differences in the nature of the enzyme derived from the two sources. The Malpighian tubule and cerebral ganglia extracts were sensitive to sulfhydryl inhibition and divalent cations, and both preparations also showed end-product inhibition with coenzyme A. Juglone, an inhibitor of choline acetyltransferase, inhibits N-acetyltransferase activity from both tissues; however, separate studies with choline indicate that the N-acetylation observed in this study is not due to choline acetyltransferase. A number of phenyl, phenol, catechol and indole derivatives were tested and the results indicate that the presence of a 4-hydroxyl group on the phenol ring enhances the capacity of phenol and catechol derivatives to inhibit N-acetyltransferase. Demethylchlordimeform inhibits the production of N-acetyl-p-Octopamine by Malpighian tubule preparations and intact tissues whereas other formamidines, BTS-27271 and amitraz, inhibit N-acetyl-p-Octopamine production only in intact tissues.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110105
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Juvenile hormone esterase activity from Manduca sexta corpora allata in vitro (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 93-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): endocrine feedback ; hemolymph JH esterase ; fluoromevalonolactone ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) activity released by the corpora allata (CA) into incubation media (CA-JHE) was titered daily during the course of the last (fifth [V]) larval stadium of Manduca sexta. This CA-JHE activity was relatively low during the early last stadium up to the time of commitment (V4), then rose rapidly to a peak on V6. Activity declined sharply almost to precommitment levels by V8, before rising to a second peak on the first day of the pupal phase (P0). This pattern of activity is distinct from that of hemolymph JHE activity, which peaks just prior to wandering on V4 and again just prior to pupation (V9). Although the CA-JHE and hemolymph-JHE possess different temporal patterns of activity, isoelectric focusing, gel electrophoresis, and initial studies with selected inhibitors suggest that the enzymes responsible for the CA-JHE and hemolymph-JHE activities are similar, but not identical, in nature.Exposure of the V6 CA in vitro to JH II (0.1 μM) or fluoromevalonolactone (FMev; 0.1 mM) produced an approximate fivefold increase and 60% decrease in JH acid synthesis, respectively. Conversely, the same treatments resulted in an inhibition (JH II) and stimulation (FMev) of CA-JHE activity. These observations suggest that JH may be involved in the direct positive feedback regulation of postwandering larval CA and that the CA-JHE may also be integrally related to this positive feedback mechanism.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110204
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of severing the dorsal vessel on egg production in Rhodnius prolixus (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): corpus allatum ; juvenile hormone ; neurohormone ; heart ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Severing the dorsal vessel (DV) behind the corpus allatum (CA), or in the anterior part of the abdomen of Rhodnius prolixus, greatly reduces egg production, an effect which is abolished by the topical application of juvenile hormone l (JH l). Severing the DV in the posterior abdomen does not result in a marked reduction of egg production, although severing the alary muscles in segments V and VI has a similar effect to severing the DV in the anterior abdomen. Reduced egg production caused by severing the DV on day 8 postemergence does not occur if the nerves connecting the CA to the brain are severed on day 1 post emergence. However, egg production is reduced if the DV is severed on day 1 post emergence and the connections between the brain and the CA severed on day 8, suggesting that inhibition of the CA caused by severance of the DV requires innervation from the brain. An isolated CA implanted into an animal decapitated immediately after feeding escapes from the inhibition imposed by severance of the DV. Conversely, the CA in an insect, the head of which has been decapitated just anterior to the CA, remains inhibited. This result suggests that the head posterior to the brain must be present to maintain inhibition. It is concluded that DV severance acts on the brain via some humoral influence to impose inhibition on the CA, and that an endocrine center in the head is required in order to maintain the inhibition.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110302
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110401
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Purification and characteristics of a specific alkaline phosphatase from the integument of the mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 217-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): enzyme ; Diptera ; sclerotization ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A specific alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) from the integument of white pupae has been purified 500-fold. The purification procedure included solubilization with Triton X-100, butanol extraction, fractionation with ammonium sulfate, and chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose, Sephadex G-200, and Sepharose 6B. Two peaks with enzyme activity were observed. The major peak had a molecular weight of approximately 180,000, while the minor peak, which had identical kinetic parameters and substrate specificity as those of the major one, was eluted in a high molecular weight form (about 900,000), probably cross-linked with chitin, since the enzyme was separated from the chitin only by lysozyme treatment. The enzyme hydrolyzes only tyrosine phosphate and β-glycerophosphate, with apparent Kms of 0.35 mM and 0.22 mM, respectively, but not serine phosphate, threonine phosphate, ATP, and AMP. The optimum pH was in the alkaline range, with a peak at pH 9.4. The divalent cations Mn2+, Mg2+, and Ba2+ had stimulatory actions, while Cu2+ exerted a very strong inhibitory action on the enzyme activity. The ALPase was inhibited by L-tyrosine in a dose-dependent fashion. At a concentration of 2 mM, L-tyrosine totally inhibited the enzyme activity, while L-phenylalanine inactivated the enzyme about 25%. The accumulated evidence that ALPase is involved in the sclerotization process of insect integument is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110403
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-affinity uptake of [3H]serotonin in cultured neurones of the cockroach Periplaneta americana (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 253-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): avermectin ; formamidine ; ion-channel blocker ; neurotoxicant ; pesticide ; pyrethroid ; sodium gradient ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Cultured central neurons from the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, have been used to investigate the uptake of [3H]serotonin. The neurones accumulate [3H]serotonin from the extracellular medium by both a high-and a low-affinity system. The activity of the high-affinity mechanism is decreased by low temperature and metabolic poisons, and is dependent on sodium and chloride ions. Both depolarising levels of external potassium ions and veratridine decrease the high-affinity uptake system, suggesting it is influenced by the transmembrane potential. The pyrethroid insecticides, deltamethrin and permethrin, enhance the inhibitory effect of veratridine. Pyrethroid enhancement is completely blocked by tetrodotoxin, and neither pyrethroid affects the uptake system in the absence of veratridine. Avermectin B1A is a powerful inhibitor of the high-affinity uptake system, and its effect is blocked by picrotoxin. High-affinity uptake of [3H]serotonin is inhibited by imipramine and amitriptyline; desipramine has no significant effect on this uptake. The activity of the high-affinity system is also reduced by 8-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin, α-methyl-serotonin, and 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine. Dopamine, noradrenaline, octopamine, and the formamidine insecticides, chlordimeform and demethylchlordimerform, are moderate inhibitors of the high-affinity uptake system. The formamidine effect is not blocked by tetrodotoxin or picrotoxin.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120405
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neither barium nor calcium prevents the inhibition by Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin of sodium- or potassium gradient-dependent amino acid accumulation by tobacco hornworm midgut brush border membrane vesicles (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 267-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): phenylalanine ; cotransport ; Manduca sexta ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Rapid filtration assays were used to determine the effects of barium, calcium and an insecticidal δ-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis on sodium and potassium ion gradient dependent phenylalanine accumulation by brush border membrane vescles from the larval midgut of the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta). Neither barium nor calcium had a significant effect on sodium ion gradient dependent phenylalanine accumulation by the membrane vesicles. Both barium and calcium inhibited potassium ion gradient dependent phenylalanine accumulation by the membrane vesicles. B. thuringiensis δ-endotoxin inhibited both sodium and potassium ion gradient dependent phenylalanine accumulation by the vesicles. Inhibition of both sodium and potassium ion gradient dependent phenylalanine accumulation increased similarly with increasing δ-endotoxin inhibition of either sodium or potassium dependent phenylalanine accumulation by the vesicles.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120406
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of quinone tautomerase activity in the hemolymph of Sarcophaga bullata larvae (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 157-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): insect immunity ; melanization ; prophenoloxidase activation ; quinone methide for mation ; quinone isomerase ; quinone detoxification ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The hemolymph of Sarcophaga bullata larvae was activated with either zymosan or proteolytic enzymes such as chymotrypsin or subtilisin and assayed for phenoloxidase activity by two different assays. While oxygen uptake studies readily attested to the wide specificty of activated phenoloxidase, visible spectral studies failed to confirm the accumulation of quinone products in the case of 4-alkyl substituted catechols such as N-acetyldopamine and N-β-alanyldopamine. Sepharose 6B column chromatography of the activated hemolymph resolved phenoloxidase activity into two fractions, designated as A and B. Peak A possessed typical o-diphenoloxidase (o-diphenol, oxygen oxidoreductase EC 1.10.3.1) activity, while peak B oxidized physiologically important catecholamine derivatives such as N-acetyldopamine, N-acetylnorepinephrine, and N-β-alanyldopamine into N-acetylnorepinephrine, N-acetylarterenone, and N-β-alanylnorepinephrine, respectively, and converted 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol into 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and 2-hydroxy-3′,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone, respectively. These transformations are consistent with the conversion of phenoloxidase-generated quinones to quinone methides and subsequent non-enzymatic transformations of quinone methides. Accordingly, Peak B contained both o-diphenoloxidase activity and quinone tautomerase activity. Sepharose 6B column chromatography of unactivated hemolymph resulted in the separation of quinone tautomerase from prophenoloxidase. The tautomerase rapidly converted both chemically made and mushroom tyrosinase-generated quinones to quinone methides. Thus the failure to observe the accumulation of quinones with N-acyl derivatives of dopamine and related compounds in the whole hemolymph is due to the rapid conversion of these long lived toxic quinones to short lived quinone methides. The latter, being unstable, undergo rapid non-enzymatic transformations to form side-chain-oxygenated products that are non-toxic. The possible roles of quinone isomerase and its reaction products - quinone methides - as essential components of sclerotization of cuticle and defense reaction of Sarcophaga bullata are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120304
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120401
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regional differentiation of fat bodies in larvae of the indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 187-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): storage proteins ; lepidopteran ; mitochondria ; metamorphosis ; ultrastructure ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Larvae of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella, contain two morphologically distinct fat bodies. Tan-colored, highly tracheated fat body located posteriorly in the abdomen was the predominant fat body tissue during the early larval instars. White, sheet fat body located more anteriorly became the predominant type during the fifth (last) larval instar and eventually occupied most of the space of the hemocoel. Ultrastructural morphology of tan fat body showed the tissue to be composed of cells containing numerous, large, spherical mitochondria, with only few lipid, glycogen, or protein storage structures. In contrast, white fat body was composed of cells that in later larval stages had organelles typical of storage functions. Both fat bodies produced storage proteins during the late fifth instar, whereas only white fat body accumulated the storage proteins. Tan fat body dispersed and apparently autolyzed in pharate pupae, whereas the white fat body metamorphosed and persisted into the adult stage. These observations indicate that fat body of the Indianmeal moth is functionally and morphologically differentiated along the anterior-posterior axis into two regional subgroups of cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120306
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Two hypolipidemic agents, cholestyramine and niacin, affect the development and lipid content of Heliothis zea (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 231-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): sterols ; acylglycerides ; glycerol ; hemolymph ; corn earworm ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Two vertebrate hypolipidemic agents, cholestyramine and niacin, affected the growth and development of Heliothis zea as well as the quantity of acylglyceride or sterol present in the larva. As the concentration of cholestyramine in the diet increased to 6.0%: the number of larval molts increased from 5 or 6 to as many as 7 or 8, the time required for the onset of pupation increased from 11 or 12 to 20 days, and the number of adults that emerged decreased from at least 70 to 0%. The growth and development of the insect may have slowed, at least in part, because this agent reduced the quantity of sterol and glyceride in the tissues of the larva. Niacin also affected the growth and development of the insect. As the concentration of niacin in the diet increased to 5.0%: the number of larval molts increased by 1, the time required for the onset of pupation increased to 21 days, pupal weight decreased significantly, but adult emergence was normal. The growth and development of the insect may have slowed, at least in part, because this agent caused sterol to accumulate in the hemolymph of the larva. A water-soluble component in the hemolymph also increased in the presence of niacin, but there was little or no change in the glyceride content. Further studies are warranted to determine the mode of action of these hypolipidemic agents in H. zea.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120404
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Juvadecene: Discovery of a juvenile hormone mimic in the plant, Macropiper excelsum (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 17-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): juvadecene ; juvenile hormone mimic ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A compound with significant insect juvenile hormone activity was isolated from the plant, Macropiper excelsum. The chemical structure was determined by spectral methods to be 1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-trans-3-decene(l), and confirmed by synthesis. The hormonally active substance applied topically to last (fifth)-instar nymphs of the milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus) induced a supernumerary metamorphosis at 30 μg. Higher doses were toxic.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010103
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of mannosyl transferases during the pupal instar of Stomoxys calcitrans (L) (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Stomoxys calcitrans ; mannosyl transferase ; stable fly ; glycosyl transferase ; dolicholphosphate ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Particulate fractions (10,000g) from pupae of Stomoxys calcitrans transfer [14C]-mannose from GDP-[14C]-mannose to dolichol monophosphate and proteins. Production of the mannosyl lipid was inhibited by Mn2+, UDP, GMP, GDP, and EDTA. The insect growth regulator diflubenzuron had no effect on mannosyl transferase activity. Dolichol monophosphate and Mg2+ stimulated mannosyl transferase activity. The mannosyl lipid product was identified as mannosyl-phosphoryl-dolichol (Man-P-Dol). The apparent Km and Vmax values for the formation of Man-P-Dol using GDP-[14C]-Man while holding dolichol phosphate constant were 2.4 ± 0.9 μM and 9.4 ± 2.3 pmol Man-P-Dol·min-1·mg-1 protein, respectively. The apparent Km and Vmax values using dólichol phosphate while holding GDP-Man constant were 2.2 ± 1.2 μM and 18.5 ± 1.7 pmol Man-P-Dol·min-1·mg-1 protein.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010102
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The oviduct musculature of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae and its response to various neurotransmitters and hormones (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 167-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): oviduct ; muscle ; neurotransmitters ; hormones ; cockroach ; Leucophaea maderae ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The musculature of the oviduct consists of an outer, irregular layer of longitudinal muscle and an inner layer of circular muscle. The four basic modes of activity - compression, segmentation, peristalsis, and reverse peristalsis - were evident in the isolated oviduct. These spontaneous events often occurred in an organized sequence. In fact eggs could be transported down the lateral oviducts by this myogenic activity once the sphincter between the common oviduct and vagina was severed. Myographic recordings were made of only the contractions of the longitudinal muscles.L-glutamate caused a distinct phasic contraction at 2.2 × 10-5 M. The response became larger and more complex as the concentration of the amino acid was increased. Acetylcholine (1.6 × 10-5 M) caused either a phasic or tonic response, or a combination thereof. By contrast, 5HT and tyramine simply increased the frequency of small phasic contractions, although in some preparations both monoamines caused an inhibition. The ecdysones, a juvenile hormone analogue (1 × 10-6 M), and prostaglandin E2 had no effect on oviduct activity.Initially high KCI solutions (162 mM) without Ca++ induced a strong contraction but subsequent additions failed to do so. However, when a high KCI solution (158 mM) with 2 mM Ca++ was added to the preparation the response was partially restored. Also the potent calcium antagonist Mn++ (2mM) can suppress spontaneous activity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010207
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Announcement (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010302
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metabolism of ecdysteroid by testes of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 83-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): lepidopteran ; biosynthesis ; steroid ; gonads ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Testes from late last stage larvae of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, were incubated with [3H]ecdysone and [3H]cholesterol. [3H]Ecdysone was converted to six other major ecdysteroids, identified by cochromatography in reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RPHPLC); four of them were verified by normal-phase HPLC. A highly polar fraction, moderately polar ecdysteroids (20,26-dihydroxyecdysone, 3-epi-20-hydroxyecdysone, and 20-hydroxyecdysone) and low-polarity ecdysteroids, including 2-deoxyecdysone, were detected after incubation with [3H]ecdysone. Compounds that reacted positively to antibodies to progesterone and testosterone were detected in the low-polarity fractions. Testes were incubated in fractions corresponding to each of the major ecdysteroid peaks derived from [3H]ecdysone metabolism. Although most of the radioactive ecdysteroid fractions were further metabolized to high- and low-polarity endpoints, 88% of the [3H]20-hydroxyecdysone peak apparently remained unmetabolized. 20-Hydroxyecdysone may be the primary ecdysteroid product of testes of H. virescens. [3H]Cholesterol was not metabolized to any appreciable extent.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100108
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Announcements (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 175-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100208
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Persistence and effects of α-methyl-substituted amino acids on 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine concentrations in cockroach (Periplaneta americana) nervous tissue (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 163-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): α-methyltryptophan ; α-methyltyrosine ; α-methyldihydroxyphenylalanine ; 5-hydroxytryptamine ; dopamine, insect ; cockroach (Periplaneta americana) ; nervous tissue ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The α-methylated derivatives of tryptophan, tyrosine, and dihydroxyphenylalanine were injected into cockroaches (Periplaneta americana). The levels of these compounds and those of dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, tyrosine, and tryptophan in the nervous tissue, hemolymph, and fat body were measured at various times after drug administration. Levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and tryptophan in the nervous tissue are significantly reduced by α-methyltryptophan administration. Concentrations of dopamine in nervous tissue are reduced by α-methyltyrosine administration. This effect also persists for several weeks, and α-methyltyrosine is observed in the nervous tissue 3 weeks after injection. Levels of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the nervous tissue are unaffected by α-methyldihydroxyphenylalanine, and this compound is less persistent in nervous tissue than α-methyltyrosine or α-methyltryptophan demonstrates that these compounds can be absorbed and affect amine levels in the nervous tissue when included in the diet. Inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylation by crude enzyme preparations of cockroach nervous tissue was demonstrated with both α-methyltryptophan and α-methyltyrosine, with α-methyltryptophan being the more effective inhibitor. Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity toward dihydroxyphenylalanine in crude enzyme preparations of cockroach nervous tissue was strongly inhibited by α-methyldihydroxyphenylalanine and monofluoromethyldihydroxyphenylalanine, slightly inhibited by α-methyltyrosine and unaffected by α-methyltryptophan at concentrations up to 10-3 M. The results indicate that α-methyltyrosine and α-methyltryptophan, but not α-methyldihydroxyphenylalanine, can selectively alter amine concentrations in insect nervous tissue and that insects are only poorly able to metabolize or excrete these compounds. The selective and long-lasting depletion of dopamine or 5-hydroxytryptamine by some of these compounds suggest that they may be useful in behavioral studies designed to elucidate the roles of these amines in insects.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100207
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Properties, synthesis, and accumulation of storage proteins in Pieris rapae L. (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 215-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): hemolymph ; fat body ; storage granules ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Two kinds of storage proteins (SP-1, SP-2) were confirmed in hemolymph and fat body of Pieris rapae during metamorphosis. Both proteins were present in high concentrations in the hemolymph during the last larval instar. Hemolymph concentrations of SP-1 and SP-2 dropped after pupation as the proteins were being deposited in fat bodies. SP-2 is present in a larger amount than SP-1. Detailed studies on storage proteins determined their properties, mode of synthesis, and accumulation in the fat body.SP-1 has a molecular weight of 500,000 and consists of one type of subunit (Mr 77,000), while SP-2 has a molecular weight of 460,000 and is composed of two types of subunits (Mr 80,000 and 69,000). The pl values of SP-1 and SP-2 were determined to be 6.97 and 7.06, respectively.Fat body cells from 1-day-old fifth instar larvae synthesized storage proteins in large amounts, whereas those from late prepupae exhibited high protein sequestration. Proteins taken up in fat body accumulated in dense granules during the pupal stage but sharply decreased at the adult stage.Morphological changes in the fat body tissues were observed during the larval-pupal transformation; the nuclei of fat body cells became irregularly shaped, and the boundaries between cells seemed to be obscure. Synthesis, storage, or degradation of storage proteins in fat body during development is closely associated with morphological changes in the tissues.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100305
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of a pheromone blend attractive to Manduca sexta (L.) males in a wind tunnel (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 255-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): insect behavior ; aldehydes ; 10 ; 12 ; 14-hexadecatrienal ; tobacco hornworm ; Sphingidae ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Analyses of solvent rinses of the external surfaces of pheromone glands excised from calling female tobacco hornworm moths, Manduca sexta (L.), revealed the presence of the following compounds: (Z)-9-hexadecenal, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, (E)-11-hexadecenal, hexadecanal, (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal, (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal, (E,E,Z)-10,12,14-hexadecatrienal, (E,E,E,)-10,12,14-hexadecatrienal, (Z)-11-octadecenal, (Z)-13-octadecenal, octadecanal, and (Z,Z)-11,13-octadecadienal. The two trienals were identified by mass and PMR spectral analyses and by ozonolyses, and their structures were confirmed by synthesis. In a wind tunnel male tobacco hornworm moths exhibit the same behaviors in response to a synthetic blend of all of the components, the gland rinse, or a calling female. Both (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal and (E,E,Z)-10,12,14-hexadecatrienal are required to stimulate males to complete the characteristic behavioral sequence: anemotaxis, approaching and touching the pheromone source, and bending their abdomens in apparent copulatory attempts. The other components of the blend may play more subtle roles.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100402
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Degradation of juvenile hormone and methylation of juvenile hormone acid by corpora cardiaca-corpora allata of the cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea: I. Biochemical aspects (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 303-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): juvenile hormone metabolites ; L-[14C]methionine incorporation ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Corpora cardiaca-corpora allata (CC-CA) from vitellogenic females of Nauphoeta cinerea degraded, in vitro, racemic and (10R)-juvenile hormone III (JH III) at a rate of 249 pmol/CC-CA/h and 786 pmol/CC-CA/h, respectively. The major metabolite formed was JH III acid, together with some highly polar products. CC-CA homogenates degraded racemic JH III to a small extent, whereas (10R)-JH III was degraded efficiently to JH III acid. No highly polar products were formed by CC-CA homogenates. When CC-CA were incubated with racemic JH III acid, some of this substance was degraded to highly polar products, and a minor part was methylated to JH III. CC degraded very little JH III acid and did not methylate it to JH III. CC-CA homogenates methylated JH III acid very efficiently; we measured an apparent Kmax of 37.8 μM and a Vmax of 1,260 pmol/4 h/ CC-CA equivalent. The addition of JH III acid to CC-CA in vitro increased the rate of biosynthesis of JH III, as determined by measuring incorporation of methyl[14C]methionine into JH III. These data indicate that the metabolite JH III acid can enter the CA and be methylated to JH III.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100406
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ecdysteroids from developing eggs of Pieris brassicae (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): cholesterol ; ecdysone ; 20-hydroxyecdysone ; 26-hydroxyecdysone ; 20,26-dihydroxyecdysone ; ecdysonoic acid ; 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Ecdysone metabolism in Pieris brassicae eggs was revealed after injection of [3H]ecdysone into eggs. Labeled ecdysteroids were analyzed by HPLC. The metabolic fate of [3H]ecdysone is similar to that observed during postembryonic development, i.e., the larval instars and pupal instar. The ecdysone molecule is affected by hydroxylations at C-20 and at C-26; 26-hydroxyecdysteroids can be further oxidized into ecdysteroid acids. In an effort to identify egg ecdysteroids, we examined the metabolism of [3H]cholesterol injected into female pharate adults to achieve long-term labeling. In eggs, [3H]cholesterol was converted to 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid, ecdysonoic acid, 20-hydroxyecdysone, and ecdysone. The rates of [3H]cholesterol incorporation into ecdysteroids increase according to the age of the eggs (from 0.06% at laying to 0.12% at hatching), while the cholesterol level remains constant throughout embryogenesis, suggesting that the embryos of Pieris brassicae can produce ecdysteroids either from cholesterol or from apolar ecdysteroids not identified by the analytical method. Pieris eggs contain amounts of ecdysteroids which increase from 1.5 nmol/g at laying to 3.8 nmol/g at hatching.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110102
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110201
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ecdysone metabolism in the host-parasitoid-system Trichoplusia ni/Chelonus sp (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 79-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): ecdysteroids ; parasitization ; endysone ; parasites ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In unparasitized 4th and 5th-instar larvae of Trichoplusia ni and in 4th-instar larvae parasitized by Chelonus sp. 20-hydroxyecdysone, 20,26-dihydroxyec-dysone, and 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid were the predominant metabolites formed 2 h after injection of [3H]ecdysone. Other unidentified metabolites were seen, but none seemed to be specific for either parasitized or unparasitized larvae. The major difference between parasitized and unparasitized larvae was seen with respect to the quantity of apolar (unidentified) and polar metabolites (20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid and unidentified ones), which were produced to a greater extent in parasitized larvae. Ecdysone was rapidly converted into 20-hydroxyecdysone and the other polar metabolites in all stages investigated, and the parasitoid seemed not to affect the conversion of ecdysone into 20-hydroxyecdysone. When analyzing the fate of [3H]ecdysone in host and parasite separately, at a stage when the parasite drinks hemolymph of its host, we observed that 10-20% of the radioactivity was recovered from the parasitoid. Analysis of the parasitoid's ecdysteroids revealed that ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone represented only a small proportion of the recovered labeled ecdysteroids, the majority being apolar and polar metabolites. Our data suggest that the parasitoid takes up ecdysteroids from its host, converts them, and to some extent releases apolar metabolites into the host.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110203
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical- and cuticular phenoloxidase- mediated synthesis of cysteinyl-catechol adducts (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): quinone tanning ; cuticular sclerotization ; amino acid-catechol adducts ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: N-Acetylcysteine adducts of o-benzoquinones derived from catechol, 4-methylcatechol, and N-acetyldopamine were chemically synthesized and characterized by a combination of UV, IR, and NMR spectral studies. Oxidation of catechol, 4-methylcatechol, and N-acetyldopamine by cuticle-bound phenoloxidase from Sarcophaga bullata in the presence of N-acetylcysteine resulted in the formation of covalent adducts between catecholic compounds and N-acetylcysteine. Structural identities of these adducts were established by comparison of their HPLC retention time and UV spectra with those of synthetic adducts and by cochromatography with authentic samples. Although insect cuticle is known to contain only trace amounts of cysteine, the in vitro synthesis of quinone cysteine adducts mediated by cuticular phenoloxidase strongly indicates the occurrence of similar reactions in vivo as well and is in support of Pryor's quinone tanning hypothesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110206
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A high molecular weight diapause-associated protein from the stem-borer Busseola fusca: Purification and properties (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 173-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Busseola-diapause protein ; physical-chemical properties ; immunology ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The hemolymph of diapausing larvae of the stem borer, Busseola fusca Fuller (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), contains an electrophoretically distinct protein band on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. The protein, called the Busseola diapause protein (BDP), was purified by a combination of density gradient ultracentrifugation, gel permeation, and affinity chromatography. It is a high molecular weight protein (Mr ∼5 × 105; pl = 6.1) that is composed of two subunits, I (Mr ∼88,000 ± 4,000) and II (Mr ∼79,000 ± 1,000), which are not linked by disulfide bridges. The protein contains both lipids (2%) as well as covalently bound carbohydrates (1%). The inability to stain the fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated concanavalin A (FITC-Con A) suggests that the carbohydrate moiety of BDP is not of the high mannose type. Amino acid analysis showed a high tyrosine plus phenylalanine content (16 mol%). Labeling studies using [35S]-methionine showed that de novo synthesis by the fat body tissue occurs only in diapausing larval insects. It is proposed that the BDP could serve a storage function by providing the amino acids needed for the synthesis of pupal and adult structures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110305
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Meeting announcements (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 273-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110407
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ovarian muscularis of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans: Its structural, motile, and pharmacological properties (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 15-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): ovarian motility ; impedance myographs ; actions of octopamine ; proctolin ; glutamate ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The muscles of the ovary of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) appear to consist of two groups: (1) a network of stellate muscle cells that cover the surface of the ovary and (2) fibers that surround the ovarioles. Innervation of the ovaries was largely restricted to the region of the pedicels. The structural arrangements of the ovarian muscles provided the basis for two distinct patterns of movement. The contraction of the sheath that surrounds the ovary produced the appearance of a pulsing sphere, while the activation of muscle fibers that encompass the ovarioles may cause a vertical translation of eggs within the tubes. The various patterns of motility derived from the combined and separate actions of these two groups of muscles are described. Oscillations in the size of the ovary were the most prominent and frequent kind of spontaneous activity observed. A complete cycle of oscillation ranged from 200 ms to 4 s. Day-old stable flies consistently had the highest rate (30%) of ovarian sheath compression of the three age groups examined, while 2-day-old flies had the lowest (less than 10%). Seven-day flies had inconsistent rates that ranged from o to 25%. Two kinds of ovarian compression were recognized on impedance myographs on the basis of small and large amplitudes. Changes in tonus were also detected. Octopamine produced large increases in the amplitude of spherical compressions at 10-7 M. The neuropeptide proctolin (10-9 M) caused changes in both the frequency and amplitude of ovarian contractions. Glutamic acid consistently caused a marked reduction in the amplitude of ovarian compressions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120103
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120201
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biosynthesis of sex pheromone components from linolenic acid in arctiid moths (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 89-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Phragmatobia fuliginosa ; Estigmene acrea ; radiolabeled fatty acids ; elongationdecarboxylation ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Sex pheromone components of two species of arctiid moths, Estigmene acrea and Phragmatobia fuliginosa, were shown to be derived from linolenic acid. Female pupae were injected with radiolabeled malonic acid or an 18-, 20-, 21-, or 22-carbon triunsaturated fatty acid, and the pheromone components from emerged adults analyzed for radioactivity. The data support a biosynthetic pathway in which the 21-carbon pheromone component,(Z, Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosadiene, of these moths is produced by chain elongation of linolenic acid to docosatrienoic acid with subsequent reductive decarboxylation. The 18-carbon aldehyde components,(Z, Z)-9,12-octadecadienal and (Z, Z, Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal, of E. acrea are produced from linoeic and linolenic acids directly. No detectable amounts of intermediate 20-, 21-, or 22-carbon fatty acid precursors were found in the gland of E. acrea.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120203
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cycles of protein synthesis during pupal diapause in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 111-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): MO2 cycles ; juvenile hormone ; infradian cycle ; metabolism ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Protein synthesis is cyclic during pupal diapause in Sarcophaga crassipalpis. These cycles are in phase with infradian MO2 cycles, which have a periodicity of about 4 days at 25°C. Mean incorporation of [35S]methionine by diapausing pupae was 5.4% during the 2 days of highest MO2 but dropped to 1.7% during the 2 days of low MO2. Diapausing pupae treated with a juvenile hormone analog prior to pupariation had a constant high MO2 similar to peak values observed in untreated pupae, and such pupae consistently incorporated [35S]methionine at a high rate (7.7%). [35S]Methionine incorporation by nondiapausing pupae and pharate adults was eightfold higher than the peak rates observed during diapause. Autoradiography of in vivo labeled proteins indicated quantitative and qualitative changes in the synthesis of proteins by diapausing pupae during different phases of the MO2 cycle. Brains from diapausing pupae labeled in vitro showed higher incorporation at the peak of the MO2 cycle than at the nadir of the cycle, but no such differences were detected for integument, fat body, or fat body supernatant. Theses differences in tissue response indicate that control of protein synthesis during diapause is not cell autonomous, but is a function of the metabolism of the intact organism.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120205
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Catecholamines in the cuticles of four strains of the german cockroach Blattella germanica (L.) during sclerotization and melanization (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 145-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): dopamine ; N-acetyldopamine ; N-β-alanyldopamine ; N-β-alanylnorepinephrine ; N-acetylnorepinephrine ; mutants ; cockroaches ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Catecholamines were extracted from the cuticles of four strains of the cockroach Blattella germanica at different times 48 h after adult ecdysis and analyzed by reverse phase HPLC with electrochemical detection. The wild (VPl), black (Bl), orange (or), and yellow (y) phenotypes differ in cuticular pigmentation, particularly in the extent of melanization. N-β-Alanyldopamine (NBAD) and N-β-alanylnorepinephrine (NBANE) were major o-diphenolic compounds in extracts from cuticle of all strains during the main period of sclerotization. N-Acetyldopamine (NADA) and N-acetylnorepinephrine (NANE) were minor the first day after ecdysis, but accumulated to higher levels thereafter. Dopamine (DA) concentrations were higher in the darker pigmented cuticles of strains Bl and or than in the lighter-colored cuticles of strains VPl and y. Extractable DA rapidly increased in VPl, Bl, and or cuticles shortly after ecdysis, reached peak levels 6-24 h later, and then decreased after melanization. Only small amounts of DA were detected in strain y cuticle, whereas NBANE concentrations were very high. Therefore, high DA levels in cuticle are correlated with melanization that occurs during the first few hours after adult ecdysis, whereas sclerotization is correlated with high levels of the N-β-alanylcatecholamines. Sclerotization appears to be delayed in strain Bl, since only low concentrations of the N-acylated catecholamines accumulate until after melanization is completed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120303
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone biosynthesis in the housefly: Evidence for the regulation of the fatty acyl-CoA desaturation and elongation system by 20-hydroxyecdysone (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 173-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): stearoyl-CoA ; oleoyl-CoA ; erucoyl-CoA ; tetracosenoyl-CoA ; Musca domestica ; desaturase ; fatty acid chain elongation ; insect microsomes ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The effects of age, sex, and 20-hydroxyecdysone treatments on fatty acyl-CoA desaturation and elongation, key reactions in sex pheromone biosynthesis in the housefly, Musca domestica, were investigated. Radio-HPLC analyses of the elongation products of [1-14C] 18: 1-CoA in the presence of malonyl-CoA and NADPH by microsomes prepared from 0-, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-day-old males and 0- and 1-day-old female houseflies showed that all even-numbered monounsaturated fatty acids up to 30 carbons were formed. Insects of these ages and sexes produce alkenes of 27 carbons and longer. When microsomes prepared from females 2, 3, and 4 days old (vitellogenic through postvitellogenic) were used, there was no elongation of [1-14C] 18: 1-CoA beyond the 24: 1 fatty acyl moiety. Similarly, neither [1-14C]22: 1-CoA nor [14, 15-3H]24: 1-CoA were efficiently elongated beyond the 24: 1-acyl moiety in mature females. Females 2-4 days old produce, as their major alkene, the sex pheromone component (Z)-9-tricosene (“muscalure,” Z9-23 Hy), and they use 24: 1-CoA as the fatty acyl precursor. The initial precursor for the long chain monoenoic fatty acids is oleic acid. Males treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone and 2-4-day-old females desaturated 18: O-CoA to 18: 1-CoA with 36-57% less efficiency than control males or previtellogenic females. These data demonstrate that 20-hydroxyecdysone is involved in the regulation of (Z)-9-tricosene production by altering both desaturation and elongation activities.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120305
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of antibodies to Manduca sexta cerebral neurosecretory cells (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 219-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): insect neuropeptide ; peptidergic neuron ; neurohormone ; prothoracicotropic hormone ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Understanding the neuroendocrine regulation of insect development depends upon having antibody probes to the neurohormones involved, which are usually present at trace levels, making antibody generation difficult. This report describes a simple method for producing antibodies specific to cerebral neurosecretory cells (NSC) of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, and to the neurohormone(s) they produce. The method involves the isolation of only a few hundred NSC somata (∼ 0.3 μg of protein) that serve as the immunogen. The cerebral NSC used were the L-NSC III, the prothoracicotropes, that produce the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), the principal neuroendocrine effector of insect molting and metamorphosis. A PTTH-containing extract of microsurgically isolated somata of the L-NSC III was injected intraperitoneally into a Balb/c mouse. The antiserum produced specifically immunostained the L-NSC III in wholemounts of brains from different developmental stages. This antiserum also contained antibodies directed against PTTH, as shown by its ability to inhibit the neurohormone's biological activity in an in vitro prothoracic gland bioassay. Such antiserum can be used to investigate the ontogeny and phylogeny of NSCs. With the hybridoma technique, monoclonal antibodies to individual NSC proteins (PTTH) could be obtained, circumventing the need to purify them for antibody production. This method should be applicable to comparable neurosecretory cell systems in other insect species.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120403
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Introduction: Dedicated to Malcolm J. Thompson on the occasion of his retirement (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 177-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100302
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mode of action of diptericin A, a bactericidal peptide induced in the hemolymph of Phormia terranovae larvae (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 229-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): insect immunity ; antibacterial protein ; bacterial cytoplasmic membrane ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Diptericin A is a member of a multigenic family of antibacterial peptides that are synthesized by larvae of Phormia terranovae (Diptera) in response to a bacterial injection or to injury. The 82-residue peptide is active only against a limited range of Gram-negative bacteria. Data presented suggest that the primary action of diptericin A is on the cytoplasmic membrane of growing bacteria.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100306
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Apolar conjugates of ecdysteroids are not used as a storage form of molting hormone in the argasid tick Ornithodoros moubata (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. I 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Fifth (last) instar nymphs of th e tick Ornithodoros moubata convert ingested 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) to apolar conjugates AP2, which are then converted to th e more polar conjugates API. Only small quantities of free hormone were transferred to th e hemolymph and the carcass within t h e first 2 days after the blood meal. The proportion of radiolabel in these two compartments was highest at the time of the endogenous ecdysteroid peak; however, no traces of free [3H]20E were detected. The conversion probably occurs principally in the intestinal cells. Eleven days after ingestion, 84% of the radiolabel is located in the digestive tract, mainly in the form of API conjugates.API obtained in second instar nymphs fed with [3H]ecdysone ([3H]E) remain stable throughout the following nymphal instars. The ecdysteroid moiety of APT remained unchanged. The hydrolysis, although not complete, always yielded a peak comigrating with the reference E but never 20E or any other clearly distinct peaks that may have corresponded to metabolites of 20E. Less label per individual was present in adults, but its nature remained the same, viz., API mainly located in the digestive tract. In females, 2.5% of the label was transferred to the progeny during the first ovipositional cycle.Apolar products (mainly AP2) that accumulated in eggs of females injected with [3H]E or [3H]20E during vitellogenesis remained unchanged during the whole embryonic development. During the molting cycle of larvae, there was only a slight conversion of AP2 to API, but esterase hydrolysis of these products released the same percentages of E and 20E as in the freshly laid eggs.We conclude that in this tick species apolar conjugates of ecdysteroids are inactivation metabolites that are not reutilized during the development of the animal. These metabolites are mainly retained in the tick, probably because of its peculiar blocked midgut. Several studies have shown that in other arthropod species (ticks, spiders, and insects), these apolar metabolites are excreted in the feces.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100308
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Knockdown resistance to dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane and pyrethroid insecticides in the napts mutant of Drosophila melanogaster is correlated with reduced neuronal sensitivity (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): deltamethrin ; fenfluthrin ; sodium channel ; electrophysiology ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was investigated in the napts (no action potential, temperature sensitive) mutant of Drosophila melanogaster. In surface contact bioassays, the napts strain showed threefold resistance to deltamethrin at the LC50 level when compared to susceptible Canton-S flies. Cross-resistance was also observed to DDT and the pyrethroids NRDC 157 [3-phenoxybenzyl [1R,cis]-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate], fenfluthrin, and MTI-800 [1-(3-phenoxy-4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-methylpentane]. The onset of intoxication by pyrethroids in napts flies was markedly delayed, a finding that is consistent with the existence of a resistance mechanism involving reduced neuronal sensitivity. Resistance at the level of the nerve was confirmed by electrophysiological recordings of spontaneous and evoked activity in the dorsolongitudinal flight muscles of poisoned flies. Preparations from napts insects treated with fenfluthrin displayed longer latencies to the appearance of spontaneous activity and also an absence or reduction in burst discharges compared to equivalent preparations from susceptible individuals. These results are discussed in light of competing hypotheses concerning the mechanism underlying knockdown resistance and reduced nerve sensitivity in insects.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100405
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes in the titer of the female-predominant storage protein (81K) during larval and pupal development of the waxmoth, galleria mellonella (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 333-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): serum proteins ; immunoelectrophoresis ; development ; insect ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The levels of an 81K storage protein in the waxmoth, Galleria mellonella, were monitored during the course of development using rocket immunoelectrophoresis. During the fifth and sixth larval stadia, 81K protein levels increased during feeding and growth but sharply declined at each larval molt. During the fifth and sixth stadia hemolymph levels of the 81K protein increased to about 1 and 2.5 mg/ml, respectively, with no discernible differences between levels in males and females. Neither the fat body nor the remainder of the carcass contained the 81K protein, indicating that the accumulation of this protein during the intermolt period was exclusively in the hemolymph and redistribution of the 81K protein into other tissues does not occur at the final two larval molts. During the seventh (final) larval stadium the absolute quantities of the 81K protein increased from 23 μg per insect to over 1,600 μg in females and to 300 μg in males. The hemolymph concentration of the 81K protein reached 28 mg/ml in females and 6 mg/ml in males with only low levels found in the remaining tissues. Shortly after pupal apolysis, marked by eyespot retraction, the fat body in both sexes rapidly and quantitatively sequestered the 81K protein from the hemolymph. The 81K protein in the hemolymph of both males and females rapidly dropped to nearly zero concentration by pupation. The 81K storage protein remained localized in the fat body cells after uptake occurred, even though the fat body cells disaggregate and reaggregate during metamorphosis. During pharate adult development the 81K storage protein disappeared from the fat body without entering the hemolymph. At adult eclosion 81K was virtually absent from the tissues of both males and females.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100408
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Meeting announcements (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 63-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110107
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Xenobiotic absorption and binding by proteins in hemolymph of the weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 65-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): insect hemolymph proteins ; fluorescence spectroscopy ; native electrophoresis ; root weevils ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; citrus ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A synthetic coumarin, 7-amino-3-phenyl coumarin (coumarin-10), was used to study the uptake of ingested xenobiotics into hemolymph. Larvae were forcefed coumarin-10 in peanut oil, and hemolymph was extracted and analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy. Coumarin-10 entered hemolymph within 5 min, reaching a steady state of concentration within 1 h. Assayed 2 h after feeding, hemolymph titers of 1-5 ng/μl were proportional to log dose between 10 and 100 ng/mg body weight; hemolymph did not reach saturation. Fluorescence spectra of hemolymph in saline revealed that energy was readily transferred from hydrophobic residues of hemolymph proteins to coumarin-10. Ultracentrifugal density gradients revealed that 94% of absorbed coumarin-10 was bound to sedimenting proteins while 6% bound to lipophorin. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (N-PAGE) on minigels identified two major proteins responsible for binding. Though readily separated by native electrophoresis, these proteins were not fully separable by HPLC using a wide variety of columns. Gel permeation-HPLC of the sedimenting proteins from hemolymph revealed a single major peak of 480,000 Mr. When upper and lower electrophoretic bands were isolated by preparative N-PAGE, the upper band (band I) yielded subunits of 75,000 and 71,000 Mr, while the lower band (band II) yielded only one size subunit of 75,000 Mr on denaturing (SDS) PAGE. The fluorescent products bound by sedimenting proteins were identified by thin-layer chromatography and scanning fluorescence densitometry as coumarin-10 (80% of total) and a polar metabolite (20%). In addition, lipophorin-containing fractions contained an apolar metabolite (3% of total fluorescence). In vitro binding studies utilizing fluorescent energy transfer demonstrated saturation binding with a KD of 1.5 μM.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110202
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neutral sterols of representatives of two groups of hemiptera and their correlation to ecdysteroid content (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): insects ; sterols ; Hemiptera ; Pentatomomorpha ; Cimicomorpha ; ecdysteroids ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The sterols of four species of Pentatomomorpha - Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas), Nezara viridula (L.), Dysdercus cingulatus (F.), and Podisus maculiventris (Say) - and threé species of Cimicomorpha - Rhodnius prolixus Stal, Arilus cristatus (L), and Cimex lectularius (L.) - were isolated and examined in order to compare neutral sterol utilization and content with the known ecdysteroids of these species. In the phytophagous Pentatomomorpha, O. fasciatus, N. viridula, and D. cingulatus, the low content of cholesterol and the high content of C28 and C29 phytosterols (〈 1% and 〉 99% of the tissue sterols, respectively) indicated that these species are unable to dealkylate the C-24 position of sterols. These insects appear to have adapted to the challenge of both insufficient dietary cholesterol and inability to dealkylate phytosterols by evolving the ability to produce a C28 ecdysteroid (makisterone A). The secondarily predacious P. maculiventris has adequate cholesterol available for C27 ecdysteroid production, but appears to have retained the ecdysteroid biosynthetic pathways of its phytophagous ancestors because it produces a C28 ecdysteroid. Cholesterol was the major sterol of each of the three species of Cimicomorpha, and these insects are only able to produce C27 ecdysteroids.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010203
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Precocious metamorphosis and wing formation in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, induced by precocene analogue 7-ethoxy-6-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 147-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Acyrthosiphon pisum ; morphometrics ; precocene ; precocious development ; wing polymorphism ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Maternal treatment with 5 μg of the precocene analogue 7-ethoxy-6-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene influenced offspring development in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Under conditions favoring the production of apterous offspring, virginoparous aphids produced a significant proportion of alates and precocious adultoids; the precocious adultoids were sterile. The effect of precocene on offspring development was temporary. Some implications of precocene treatment for aphid control are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010204
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phospholipid fatty acids from exocrine and reproductive tissues of male american cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (L.) (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): phospholipids ; fatty acids ; C20 polyenoics ; Periplaneta americana ; reproductive tissues ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We present the phospholipid fatty acid compositions, determined by GLC,* of four individual tissues (testes, mushroom glands, conglobate glands, and salivary glands) from adult male cockroaches, P. americana. The testes phospholipids contained higher proportions of palmitic acid than did the exocrine tissues (16% vs about 8%). This was also true for palmitoleic (2.3% vs 0.4-1.3%), oleic (49% vs 30-35%), and linolenic acids (7% vs 0.5-2.8%). Testicular extracts were lower in linoleic acid (16%) than were the exocrine gland extracts (at 40-45%). All four tissues also contained low proportions of several long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of both omega-3 and omega-6 metabolic families, including C20:3n6, C20:4n6, and C20:5n3. The data suggest that the phospholipid fatty acid profiles of specific tissues differ from each other and from those obtained from whole-insect extracts. The presence of several polyenoics from the n3 and n6 metabolic families is interpreted in the context of complex fatty acid requirements at the tissue level.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010206
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Meeting Announcements (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 205-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010211
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Induction of cytochrome P-450-dependent drug metabolism by juvenile hormone mimics in mammalian cell culture (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 73-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): cytochrome P-450 ; hepatocytes ; juvenoids ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The monooxygenase activity of fetal hepatocytes in culture shows a differential response toward juvenile hormone I and analogs. Juvenile hormone I, R-20458, and Methoprene increase the deethyiation of 7-ethoxyresorufin while not affecting or even inhibiting the N-demethylation of p-chloro-N-methylaniline. RO-203600, a 1,3-benzodioxole-containing analog, increases both the deethylase and the N-demethylase, whereas Hydroprene does not affect either activity. The inductive effect with juvenile hormone I is obtained with exposure periods of at least 30 min and is maximum when the concentration of the hormone is 14 μM in the medium. This amount results in the covalent binding to cellular macromolecules of 1.3 × 19-18 moles/cell. The induction requires continuous protein synthesis but RNA synthesis only for a short initial period. It is concluded that juvenile hormone and mimics induce specific cytochrome P-450 species in fetal liver cells even if the culture conditions are not optimal. The toxicological implications of these results are briefly discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010108
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Absence of phytosterol dealkylation and identification of the major ecdysteroid as makisterone A in Dysdercus fasciatus (Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoridae) (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 105-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): phytosterol dealkylation ; ecdysteroids ; makisterone A ; Heteroptera ; Dysdercus ; gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry ; cotton stainer bug ; ecdysone ; 20-hydroxyecdysone ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The absence of phytosterol dealkylation in the cotton stainer bug, Dysdercus fasciatus, has been established and the major ecdysteroid in the fifth-stage larvae identified. The demonstration that the free and esterified sterols in D fasciatus consisted of 95-96% sitosterol and 4-5% campesterol, a similar composition to the cottonseed diet, together with the lack of conversion of [14C]sitosterol into cholesterol, establishes that phytosterol dealkylation does not occur in this insect species. The ecdysteroid titer determined by radioimmunoassay in the fifth instar of D fasciatus shows a distinct peak at day 6, the instar lasting for 7 days. Makisterone A was purified by HPLC from insects at a time of high ecdysteroid titer and identified as a major component by both fast atom bombardment and electron impact mass spectrometry. Gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (selected ion monitoring) confirmed the occurrence of makisterone A and revealed the presence of two unidentified compounds. One of these occurs in a similar amount to makisterone A and may be 26-hydroxymakisterone A, whereas only a minute amount of the other compound, which may be 20-deoxymakisterone A, was present; further identification of the latter compounds is necessary. C27 ecdysteroids (eg, ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone) and C29 ecdysteroids (eg, podecdysone A) were undetectable. The specificity of the enzymes of ecdysteroid biosynthesis is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010111
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hemolytic activities of stinging insect venoms (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): hemolysis ; stinging insects ; venoms ; wasps ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The direct hemolytic activities of the venoms from 21 species of stinging insects were determined. The activities spanned 3 1/2 orders of magnitude, ranging from a low of four to a high of 12,000 hemolytic units/mg dry venom, respectively, for the solitary wasp, Dasymutilla lepeletierii, and the social wasp, Polistes infuscatus. The latter activity is the highest reported for any insect venom and represents a level that is potentially harmful to humans stung by the wasp.The social wasps as a group generally possessed highly hemolytic venoms; the ants, poorly hemolytic venoms; and the solitary stinging species, venoms with extremely low activity. For the venoms, hemolytic activity correlated with neither lethal toxicity (LD50) nor algogenicity. This finding suggests that hemolysins alone do not determine venom toxicity, and that the hemolysins of stinging insect venoms serve a variety of poorly understood roles. The range of activity of hemolysins from different venoms indicates they probably have different chemical structures and functions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010205
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tissue-specificity of hemoglobin synthesis: Localization of heme synthesis in the subepidermal fat body of Chironomus thummi (Diptera) (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chironomus thummi ; fat body ; heme synthesis ; hemoglobin ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Possible sites of heme synthesis in the fourth instar of Chironomus thummi were investigated by means of autoradiography of specific isotope incorporation. “Body wall” preparations, which include subepidermal and visceral fat body, oenocytes, muscle, epidermis, and cuticle, were cultured for 1 h in a medium containing tritiated-δ-aminolevulinic acid, a specific precursor to heme biosynthesis. Light-microscopic examination of autoradiographs of sections of the body walls indicates that the subepidermal fat body is the major site of incorporation of the precursor into heme. The visceral fat body shows few silver grains. Oenocytes, as well as muscle and epidermis, are characterized by absence of silver deposits. These findings indicate that the subepidermal fat body of Chironomus is the primary site of heme synthesis, and are discussed in relation to specific hemoglobin synthesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010209
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010301
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Purification of phenolic compounds and a phenoloxidase from larval cuticle of the red-humped oakworm, Symmerista cannicosta francl (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 213-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): phenoloxidase ; cuticle ; diphenols ; ketocatechols ; Symmerista ; wound healing ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A phenoloxidase has been extracted, purified, and characterized from cuticle of last-instar larvae of the red-humped oakworm, Symmerista cannicosta. It is a typical tyrosinase (EC 1.10.3.1., o-diphenol:O2 oxidoreductase), active toward o-diphenols but not p-diphenols, inhibited by thiourea and phenylthiourea, with a pH optimum between 6.0 and 7.2. In these respects it resembles enzyme A of C. vicina, one of the few species from which this presumed wound healing enzyme has been purified and characterized.Hydrolysis of either exuviae or intact cuticle from last instar larvae yielded a number of ketocatechols of which the most abundant, 2-hydroxy, 3′,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone, represented 2.9% of the dry weight of head capsule exuviae, 0.3% of exuviae from the remainder of the body, and 4.6% of the dry weight of head capsule cuticle from previously frozen intact larvae. Differences in the type and amount of ketocatechol recovered from these cuticles are described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010304
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inhibitory probes of mitochondrial ATPase and the action of DDT (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 267-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): inhibitory probes ; mitochondrial ATPase ; inhibition kinetics ; relative potency ; joint action ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Chemical inhibitors were used as probes of mitochondrial ATPase to determine the site of action of DDT on oligomycin-sensitive mitochondrial ATPase (OS-ATPase) using whole mitochondria isolated from red coxal muscle of the American cockroach. Several plotting procedures were employed to delineate the form of inhibition. Relative potency and joint action were used to detect similar action, synergism, and antagonism between DDT and the inhibitory probes DCCD, Nbf-CI, and oligomycin. DDT demonstrated not (strictly) competitive kinetics and may be acting as an uncompetitive inhibitor. DDT and DCCD produced similar additive action. At limiting concentrations of DCCD, inhibition was reduced in the presence of DDT. Effects shown by oligomycin were not altered by DDT. DDT enhanced the effects of Nbf-CI. These interactions, together with the demonstration of not (strictly) competitive kinetics, indicate that DDT may be acting on the membrane sector as an allosteric modifier.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010309
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Complete amino acid sequence of Bombyx egg-specific protein deduced from cDNA clone (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): nucleotide sequence ; signal peptide ; serine-rich domain ; N-glycosylation sequence ; metal-binding sequence ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Complementary (c)DNA coding for an insect yolk protein, the egg-specific protein of the silkworm Bombyx mori was cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. The sequence covers the entire coding region of 1,677 base pairs with 5′ and 3′ noncoding regions (21 and 115 base pairs, respectively). The deduced amino acid sequence of the egg-specific protein consists of 559 amino acid residues. The NH2-terminal 18 amino acid sequence is enriched in hydrophobic amino acids and assumed to be a signal peptide. A sequence, Asn-X-Thr, a potential N-linked glycosylation site, is found at positions 191 to 193. A serine-rich domain is localized in the region from 63 to 90, in which phosphorylation takes place. Cys His motif in 405 to 415 is analogous to a proposed metal binding sequence. Lys132-Asn133 and Arg228-Asp229 are probably the sites cleaved by the egg-specific protein protease that appears during embryogenesis. The derived amino acid sequence has no appreciable homology to other sequenced proteins.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100204
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100301
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Erratum (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 201-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110307
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The action of iontophoretically applied L-glutamate on an insect visceral muscle (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 93-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): glutamate ; insect ; δ-philanthotoxin ; iontophoresis ; visceral muscle ; Locusta migratoria ; proctolin ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: 1) lontophoretic application of L-glutamate was employed to study the distribution of glutamate receptors in the superior longitudinal (SL) muscles of the locust (Locusta migratoria) hindgut, in which spontaneous activity was inhibited using normal saline containing 5 mM MgCl2. 2) Junctional glutamate potentials with a rise time of 50-100 ms (peak) and a decay time of 250-400 ms were recorded at localized sites using ejection pulses in the range 5-10 nC. Most active sites were found in interfiber clefts and were spaced at about 250-300 μm intervals. 3) Desensitization of glutamate receptors occurred using ejection frequencies 〉 0.2 Hz. Desensitization could be irreversibly blocked using the lectin concanavalin A. 4) Depolarizing (D-) and biphasic depolarizing/hyperpofarizing (DH -) extrajunctional glutamate potentials were observed using ejection pulses 〉 15 nC. 5) δ-Philanthotoxin (δ-PTX) at concentrations 〉 0.3 Uml-1 inhibited junctional glutamate potentials in a dose-dependent manner, 50% inhibition was achieved using 0.45 Uml-1 δ-PTX. 6) Subthreshold concentrations of proctolin (up to 5 × 10-10M) had no visible effect on glutamate potentials, suggesting that proctolin possibly does not act by modulating glutamate activity. 7) It is proposed that glutamate plays a transmitter role in SL muscles, while the role of proctolin is still unclear.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010110
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100101
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl alcohol and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl glycol by cuticular enzyme(s) from Sarcophaga bullata (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 13-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): insect cuticle ; catecholamine metabolism ; quinone methide sclerotization ; quinone tanning ; phenoloxidase ; quinone tautomerase ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The catabolic fate of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl alcohol (DHPA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl glycol (DHPG) in insect cuticle was determined for the first time using cuticular enzyme(s) from Sarcophaga bullata and compared with mushroom tyrosinase-medicated oxidation. Mushroom tyrosinase converted both DHPA and DHPG to their corresponding quinone derivatives, while cuticular enzyme(s) partly converted DHPA to DHPG. Cuticular enzyme(s)-mediated oxidation of DHPA also accompanied the covalent binding of DHPA to the cuticle. Cuticle-DHPA adducts, upon pronase digestion, released peptides that had bound catechols. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl-acetaldehyde, the expected product of side chain desaturation of DHPA, was not formed at all. The presence of N-acetylcysteine, a quinone trap, in the reaction mixture containing DHPA and cuticle resulted in the generation of DHPA-quinone-N-acetylcysteine adduct and total inhibition of DHPG formation. The insect enzyme(s) converted DHPG to its quinone at high substrate concentration and to 2-hydroxy-3′,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone at low concentration. They converted exogenously added DHPA-quinone to DHPG, but acted sluggishly on DHPG-quinone. These results are consistent with the enzymatic transformations of phenoloxidase-generated quinones to quinone methides and subsequent nonenzymatic transformation of the latter to the observed products. Thus, quinone methide formation in insect cuticle seems to be caused by the combined action of two enzymes, phenoloxidase and quinone tautomerase, rather than the action of quinone methide-generating phenoloxidase (Sugumaran: Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 8, 73-88, 1988). It is proposed that DHPA and DHPG in combination can be used effectively to examine the participation of (1) quinone, (2) quinone methide, and (3) dehydro derivative intermediates in the metabolism of 4-alkylcatechols for cuticular sclerotization.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100103
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Binding of octopamine to membranes from the white-eyed and wild-type housefly heads (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 57-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): cAMP ; receptor ; biogenic amine ; artifact ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In attempting to develop an octopamine (OA) receptor preparation with ready access to large amounts of tissue, we examined the binding of OA to membranes from the heads of white and red houseflies (Musca domestica L.). Binding was dependent on the presence of L-ascorbic acid in the medium. However, equilibrium was reached only over 24-36 h at 4°C and reversal of binding was also slow and incomplete. Scatchard analysis revealed at least two binding sites in the white-eyed housefly. A high-affinity site (Kd = 13.9 nM and Bmax = 3.9 pmol/mg protein) was present, but the majority of the binding had low affinity (Kd = 1130 nM and Bmax = 165 pmol/mg protein). Scatchard analysis revealed a low affinity in the red-eyed housefly (Kd = 240 nM and Bmax = 12 pmol/mg protein). Catecholamines were the best competitors for OA binding followed by phenolamines such as OA and synephrine. 5-Hydroxytryptamine was less effective. Phentolamine and mianserin, which are good antagonists of the ability of OA to stimulate adenylate cyclase in housefly head membranes, and formamidine and imidazolines, which are potent partial agonists of this adenylate cyclase, were poor competitors of OA binding. The slow kinetics, low affinity, large amount, and unconventional pharmacological profile of this binding is not congruent with it being a neuroreceptor. When the brain was dissected free from the head, less than 10% of the total specific binding of OA was found in the brain membrane fraction. This suggests that most of the binding of OA may be to cuticular sites that possibly are associated with the metabolism of catecholamines in cuticular synthesis. Thus, binding studies made with labeled catecholamines and phenolamines on insect tissues containing significant cuticular elements should be interpreted with caution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100106
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Repetitive DNA interspersion patterns in diptera (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): mosquito ; genome ; satellite DNA ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A wide spectrum of repetitive DNA amounts and interspersion patterns is seen in mosquitoes and other dipterans. Using a simple and rapid technique, we show that these range from a minimal amount in five species of Anopheles through moderate amounts in Culex quinquefasciatus to large amounts in Aedes aegypti and Stomoxys calcitrans. Although Culex and Aedes are closely related and both have a considerable amount of interspersed repetitive DNA, the repetitive sequences are different between the two genera. These results and previously published information show that the amount of repetitive DNA and sequences involved have changed many times during the evolution of the Diptera.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100202
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation of the vitellogenin-binding protein from locust ovaries (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 141-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): endocytosis ; binding protein ; vitellogenin ; locust ; affinity purification ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A rapid, efficient procedure for the isolation and purification of the vitellogenin binding protein from locust ovarian membranes is described. After solubilization with the nonionic detergent octyl-β-D-glucoside and removal of the detergent, the binding protein is subjected to affinity chromatography on vitellogenin coupled covalently to Affi-Gel 15. The binding protein is eluted with suramin and EDTA at low pH value. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 156,000 in the eluted fraction. By ligand blotting this polypeptide could be identified as the vitellogenin binding protein. It retains its high-affinity binding properties. The specific binding of vitellogenin increases from 4.8 μg (intact ovarian membranes) to 170.9 μg (affinity purified binding protein) per mg membrane protein, which corresponds to a purification factor of 35.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100205
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Binding of juvenile hormone III to lipophorin from the american cockroach Periplaneta americana (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 159-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): JH-binding protein ; hemolymph proteins ; apolipophorin I ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Whole hemolymph from the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, efficiently binds juvenile hormone (JH) III and to a lesser extent JH-I and 10, 11-epoxyfarnesyl diazoacetate (EFDA). The dissociation constants for racemic JH-III and EFDA are 30 ± 2 nM and 1.0 μM, respectively. Isolated lipophorin also binds [3H]JH-III and to a lesser extent JH-I. Other proteins from the hemolymph do not bind JH-III. Binding of JH-III to lipophorin is enantioselective. The dissociation constant, measured with a 92% 10R and 8% 10S mixture, is 21 ± 2 nM. Each lipophorin molecule contains one specific binding site for JH-III. It is concluded that lipophorin is the JH-III-specific transport protein in the hemolymph of the American cockroach. By a combination of photoaffinity labelling and gradient electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulphate on polyacrylamide gel, we showed that the JH-III-specific binding site is probably located on apolipophorin I.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110304
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Juvenile hormone biosynthesis and oocyte development in adult female Blattella germanica: Effects of grouping and mating (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 189-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): brain disinhibition ; receptivity ; ootheca ; cockroach ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The roles of grouping and mating in modulating the activity of the corpora allata (CA) in adult female cockroaches were investigated using the in vitro radiochemical assay of juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis. Isolated virgin females have longer, asynchronous cycles of CA activity and oocyte maturation than do isolated females mated on day 8. Three factors were identified as the major contributors to this difference: (1) an experimental artifact of selection for sexually receptive females, (2) a positive effect of grouping on JH synthesis and oocyte maturation, and (3) a positive effect of copulation on oviposition and retention of the ootheca. Mated females constitute a subpopulation of receptive females that differ significantly from other females by having higher rates of JH synthesis prior to mating. The relative importance of such selection is substantial when the rate of mating is low, as in experiments with isolated females that are exposed to males for a short period of time. Long-term exposure of females to males introduces a grouping effect, which obscures any additional effect of mating on CA activity and oocyte development. However, mating influences ootheca formation and its retention. The effect of grouping can be mimicked in isolated females by transection of the nerves connecting the CA-corpora cardiaca complex to the brain, suggesting that in this insect isolation causes brain inhibition of the CA, and grouping provides disinhibitory stimuli that release the CA from brain inhibition.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110306
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nonvitellogenic female protein in Musca domestica (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 245-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): housefly ; hemolymph proteins ; vitellogenesis ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: During vitellogenesis in Musca domestica, a major hemolymph protein, in addition to vitellogenin, appears preferentially in females. This protein is synthesized by the adult fat bodies, secreted into the hemolymph, and is not taken up by the ovaries during vitellogenesis. We have designated this protein nonvitellogenic female protein (NVFP). It is composed of only one type of polypeptide (Mr=70,000) and occurs in two different forms. Synthesis of NVFP is induced by a protein diet, attaining maximum concentrations in females at the middle of the gonotrophic cycle. In males its maximum concentration never surpasses 10% of the concentration in females. The quantitative variation of the NVFP is cyclic and coincident with the gonotrophic cycles of Musca domestica.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110405
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Juvenile hormone identification, titer, and degradation during the last larval stadium of Spodoptera littoralis (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): esterase ; Lepidoptera ; insect development ; α-naphthyl acetate ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Juvnile hormone (JH) was identified and titers determined during the last larval stadium of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis using combined gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring-mass spectrometry. JH was almost exclusively limited to JH II, occurring at two major peaks: the first at the beginning of the stadium and the second at days 4 and 5 just after wandering. Degradation of JH and α-naphthyl acetate (α-NA) in hemolymph and fat body was determined during the same developmental periods. JH degradation in hemolymph occurred initially as a broad bimodal peak during the second half of feeding, with peaks at days 2 and 3. The second peak occurred at the end of the stadium, subsequent to the second JH II titer peak. Three α-NA esterase peaks in hemolymph were detected when JH degradation was at a very low level. Fat body JH degradation was resolved as four activity peaks throughout the stadium, with the first three peaks occurring just previous to the JH degradation peaks in the hemolymph. The highest levels of JH and α-NA degradation activities in fat body were related to the wandering stage.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120102
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Announcements (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 75-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120107
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dietary fatty acid effects on morphogenesis in bithorax mutants (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 207-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): bithorax ; Drosophila ; fatty acids ; homeotic mutations ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Three bithorax alleles of Drosophila melanogaster were tested to determine if dietary additions of fatty acids would alter their gene expression. For the bx1 allele, myristic, oleic, and linoleic acids were all effective in reducing gene expression while fatty acid supplementation was ineffective with the bx3 and bx34e alleles. For bx1 the nutritionally sensitive period was found to occur in the first 48 h of larval life.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010303
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ten generations of Drosophila melanogaster reared axenically on a fatty acid-free holidic diet (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 243-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; holidic diet ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; sequential generation rearing ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Wild-type Drosophila melanogaster were axenically raised on a completely synthetic fatty acid-free diet for at least ten consecutive generations, confirming that these insects do not require dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. Capillary column gas-chromatographic analysis of lipids extracted from adults reared on yeast medium showed a peak which cochromatographed with linoleic acid, representing about 1.2% and 0.15% of all fatty acids in phospholipids and triacylglycerols, respectively. In flies reared on the synthetic diet for one generation or for five or more generations, the linoleic acid peak was still present but in about tenfold lower proportions of total fatty acids. This was true of both phospholipid and triglyceride fractions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010307
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of sterols of pollens, honeybee workers, and prepupae from field sites (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 1 (1983), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): honeybees ; pollens ; sterols ; field sites ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Sterols from pollen collected by foraging honeybees, Apis mellifera L, at seven field sites were compared with the sterols of foraging adults and/or prepupae collected from colonies at each site. Invariably, the composition of prepupal sterols was comparable to that found in previous cage studies using chemically defined diets containing various dietary sterols: 24-methyl-enecholesterol was the major sterol; sitosterol and isofucosterol were present in lesser, but significant amounts; and a trace amount of cholesterol was identified in each sample. This occurred even though some of the pollen sterols contained little 24-methylenecholesterol, sitosterol, or isofucosterol and a preponderance of certain other sterols, such as δ7-stigmasten-3β-ol and δ7,24(28)-campestadien-3β-ol in goldenrod and corn pollens, respectively. Thus the selective transfer and utilization of sterols in honeybees that have been demonstrated in cage studies with artificial diets were also shown to occur under field conditions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940010104
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chelonus sp. near curvimaculatus venom proteins: Analysis of their potential role and processing during development of host Trichoplusia ni (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chelonus ; venom proteins ; parasitization ; Trichoplusia ni ; venom antiserum ; parasite oviposition ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The venom that Chelonus sp. near curvimaculatus injects into each parasitized Trichoplusia ni egg is entirely injected within the first 8 s of the 19-s oviposition period, before deposition of the parasitoid egg that is injected during the final 1-2 s of the oviposition. The parasitization factor, causing precocious metamorphosis of the host, is injected after the venom, but before the parasite egg. The venom by itself does not cause developmental redirection of the host. Chelonus venom proteins are very stable in the host egg during the first 2 days of egg development. Then, on the last day before hatching, they are rapidly degraded by the proteolytic enzymes appearing in 3-day-old T. ni eggs. Among those that degrade the venom proteins are serine-type proteinases, and at least one seems to be a trypsin-like enzyme.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100102
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