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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (812)
  • Applied Mathematics  (68)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (880)
  • 1980-1984  (880)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1984  (443)
  • 1983  (437)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (880)
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  • 1980-1984  (880)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
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    Electronic Resource
    The sommerfeld half-plane problem revisited, II the factoring of a matrix of analytic functionsThese results were announced at the XXth General Assembly of the U.R.S.I. held in Washington, D.C., August 1981. (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 14-21 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: A half-plane under plane wave excitation obeys a Dirichlet boundary condition on one side and a Neumann boundary condition on the other. These boundary conditions contrast the ones used by A. Sommerfeld in his classical paper. The present problem leads to a system of integral equations of the Wiener-Hopf type which may be solved by a matrix factoring method suggested by A. E. Heins in 1950.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670050103
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  • 2
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    Asymptotic equipartition of energy for equations of elasticity (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 186-194 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper we give a review of the equipartition of energy results of Goldstein and Sandefur [3], [4], [5] as well as proving a new result in the case of a particular fourth order equation. These results are then applied to the equations of elasticity to give a weak asymptotic orthogonality for the shear and pressure waves. In the case of boundary value problems in the interior of a bounded domain we get weak asymptotic orthogonality in the average.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670050114
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  • 3
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    Variational derivatives and p-gradients of functionals on spaces of continuously differentiable functions (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 530-543 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study a new type of derivative - the variational gradient - for a functional on Cn[a, b]. Local and global versions of this concept are analyzed. This notion provides a natural approach to variational derivatives on Cn[a, b] under rather mild smoothness assumptions on the functional. When applied in the context of the Calculus of Variations, the notion of the variational gradient captures the natural boundary conditions (as well as the Euler-Lagrange equations) under weaker smoothness assumptions than those usually required using Gǎteaux variations.Conditions are established for the existence of the variational derivative and an integral representation for the Gǎteaux variation in terms of the variational derivative is derived. Conditions for the variational derivative to be differentiable are also established.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670050132
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  • 4
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    Masthead (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983) 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670050101
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  • 5
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    Half-stable solution branches for ordinary bifurcation problemsThis paper is an extended version of a part of the author's work [2]. (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 1-13 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: It is shown that second order bifurcation problems with a positive, autonomous nonlinearity have a smooth branch of positive solutions which tends to infinity. Moreover, this branch satisfies a stability rule saying that the solutions are stable if the branch turns to the right and unstable if it turns to the left.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670050102
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  • 6
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    A critical case for the solvability of stefan-like problemsWork performed under the auspices of the Italian C.N.R., G.N.F.M. (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 84-96 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider a one-phase one-dimensional Stefan problem with general data with the aim to investigate some open questions on existence of classical solutions. We show how existence and nonexistence are discriminated by the behavior of the initial datum in the neighborhood of the starting point of the free boundary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670050107
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  • 7
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    Periodic solutions of u'(t) = -f(u(t - 1)): Multiplicity results and small period solutions (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 162-175 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper we are concerned with the differential delay equationFor odd and continuous nonlinearities f: R → R. We want to prove existence and multiplicity criteria for so called “slowly oscillating” periodic solutions of (A).The oddness condition is of course a rather restrictive one, but due to results of Nussbaum [9], [10] and Peters [13],[14] and numerical studies of Jürgens, Peitgen and Saupe [7] and Hadeler [6] we know that even for odd nonlinearities f (A) may display a complicated dynamical behaviour. On the other hand the oddness condition allows a classification of symmetry properties of periodic solutions of (A).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670050112
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  • 8
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    Lösungen der poissongleichung und harmonische vektorfelder in unbeschränkten gebieten (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 233-255 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In the first part of this paper we consider generalised solutions of the Poisson equation Δ U = F in open subsets of Rn(n ≥ 3) with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary data. We prove existence and uniqueness theorems, not only for the corresponding interior and exterior problems, but also for domains with boundaries extending to infinity. In the second part we discuss generalised harmonic fields in open subsets of R3 with vanishing Dirichlet or Neumann boundary condition.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670050117
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  • 9
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    Gruppentheoretische aspekte der signalübertragung und der kardinalen interpolationssplines I (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 195-215 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: As is well known the real Heisenberg nilpotent group A(R) constitutes the group-theoretic embodiment of the Heisenberg canonical commutation relations (CCR) of classical quantum mechanics. In this connection, quantum mechanics stands for the quantum-mechanical description, at a given instant of time, of a non-relativistic microparticle moving in the one-dimensional configuration space R and having the plane R2 as its (flat) phase space. In fact, the (nilpotent) Lie algebra n of Ã(R) reflects the Weyl equations which are global versions of the Heisenberg CCR. Unfortunately, the subject of Heisenberg nilpotent groups is outside quantum mechanics and all the more outside mathematical physics not as commonly known as it should be considering its wide range of applications in a variety of different fields. The present paper which has two parts aims to develop a central topic of nilpotent harmonic analysis, to wit, the microparticle model, the lattice model which will be realized on the Heisenberg compact nilmanifold, and the complex wave model (or Bargmann-Fock-Segal model) of the linear Schrödinger representation of Ã(R) in order to examine geometrically several applications which are governed by the real Heisenberg nilpotent group Ã(R). These applications are in Part I the classical Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem which is of basic importance in signal processing, to wit, for the transmission of digital signals as well as analog signals, and in Part II the Subbotin-Schoenberg existence and uniqueness theorem of cardinal spline interpolation. Moreover, Part II indicates briefly some connections of the aforementioned models to the Wigner phase-space quasiprobability density function of quantum statistical mechanics via the Schwartz kernels theory on unimodular Lie groups, an approach to the cross- and autoambiguity functions of radar synthesis, and to the Zak transform of solid state physics. The second part also points out some relations of harmonic analysis of the finite nilpotent group A(Z/NZ) to periodic spline interpolants admitting N equidistant knots on the one-dimensional compact torus group T. These last examples should serve mainly as hints for some further lines of investigations in the field of applications of nilpotent harmonic analysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670050115
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  • 10
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    Das asymptotische verhalten der greenschen funktion N-irregulaärer eigenwertprobleme mit zerfallenden randbedingungen (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 331-345 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We prove asymptotic estimates for the Green's function of N-irregular eigenvalue problems My = λNγ with splitting boundary conditions.In contrast to the N-regular case the Green's function G(x,ζ,λ) grows exponentially for |λ| → ∞ if x 〉 ζ.These estimates are fundamental for the expansion of functions into a series of eigenfunctions of N-irregular eigenvalue problems. In a subsequent paper it will be shown that this irregular behavior of G(x,ζ,λ) implies that only a very small class of functions can be expanded into a series of eigenfunctions of such problems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670050122
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  • 11
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    Approximation of the signorini problem with friction, obeying the coulomb law (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 422-437 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The approximation of the Signorini problem with friction by mixed finite element method is studied. The relation between the continuous case and its finite dimensional discretization is analyzed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670050127
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  • 12
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    Free boundary problem for a two-layer inviscid incompressible fluid (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 476-490 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The existence of a local (in time) classical solution of a free boundary problem for a two-layer inviscid incompressible fluid is shown. The method of successive approximations and the novel approach to Lagrangian coordinates of Solonnikov are used.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670050129
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  • 13
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    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984) 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670060101
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  • 14
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    Solvability of an initial boundary value problem for the euler equations in twodimensional domain with corners (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 1-22 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The aim of this paper is to prove the existence and uniqueness of local solutions of some initial boundary value problems for the Euler equations of an incompressible fluid in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ R2 with corners. We consider two cases of a nonvanishing normal component of velocity on the boundary. In three-dimensional case such problems have been considered in papers [12], [13], [14]. Similar problems in domains without corners have been considered in [2]-[6], [11]. In this paper the relation between the maximal corner angle of the boundary and the smoothness of the solutions is shown. The paper consists of four sections. In section 1 two initial boundary value problems for the Euler equations are formulated. In section 2 the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the Laplace equation in twodimensional domain with corners for the Dirichlet and Neumann problems is proved in the Sobolev spaces. In sections 3 and 4 we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions of problems formulated in section 1, using the method of successive approximations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670060102
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  • 15
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    Faedo-galerkin approximations in equations of evolution (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 41-54 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider the evolution equation u' = Au + Nu u(0) = φu is a function on a real interval [0, T] with values in a Hilbert space H, A is a linear operator in H generating a continuous semigroup eAt and N is a nonlinear operator in H.We show that 1Existence of the exact solution implies existence of the Faedo-Galerkin Approximations.2Existence of the Faedo-Galerkin Approximations implies existence of the exact solution.3Uniform convergence of the Faedo-Galerkin Approximations to the exact solution.The Paper consists of two parts. In the first five sections we require that A possesses a complete orthonormal system of eigenfunctions, in section 6 we drop this requirement.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670060104
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  • 16
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    Functional differential equations with certain monotonicity properties (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 97-103 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The present paper is concerned with the study of retarded differential equations in n-space, which satisfy some monotonicity properties. Sufficient conditions are given guaranteeing that solutions are contained in the probability (n - 1)-simplex. Existence and uniqueness of constant solutions are proved. It is also shown that every solution converges to a constant as t → ∞.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670060108
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  • 17
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    On the transmission problem of the helmholtz equation for quadrantsHerrn Prof. Dr. K. Nickel zum 60. Geburtstag am 9. 2. 1984 gewidmet (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 129-157 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The plane transmission problem of the Helmholtz equation for quadrants is characterized by a one-dimensional singular integral equation, which refers to the Fourier transform of the normal derivative of the solution along the x-axis. It is derived by solving the transmission problem for the upper and the lower half-plane involving a Neumann condition at y = 0. This is done by a two-dimensional Laplace transform technique. The inverse Laplace transform with respect to the second cartesian coordinate and the restriction of this one to y = 0 then lead to the integral equation. Thereby the transmission conditions of the original problem at y = 0 have to be taken into account. The resulting integral equation is of generalized Wiener-Hopf-type. It is solved via the contraction theorem imposing restricting conditions on the wave numbers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670060110
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  • 18
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    Bifurcation of periodic solutions for wave equations with scalar nonlinearities (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 206-214 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We treat wave equations with “scalar nonlinearities” and demonstrate the connection between the bifurcation theory of an associated system of Hammerstein integral equations and the existence of periodic solutions of the nonlinear wave equation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670060114
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    Weak solutions of the initial value problem for the unmodified non-linear vlasov equation (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 262-279 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The existence of weak LL-solutions of the initial value problem for Vlasov's equation is proved under rather general assumptions. In the three-dimensional case the solutions exist on the entire time axis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670060118
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  • 20
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    A generalized jacobi theta function (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 327-344 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The delta function initial condition solution v*(x,t;y) at x = y ≥ 0 of the generalized Feller equation is used to define a generalized Jacobi Theta function \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \Theta (x,t) = \upsilon *(x,t;0) + 2\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {v*(x,t;y_n)} $\end{document} for a sufficiently rapidly increasing and unbounded positive sequence {yy}. It is shown that Θ(x,t) is analytic in each variable in certain regions of the complex x and t planes and that it is a solution of the generalized Feller equation. For those parameters for which this equation reduces to the heat equation, Θ(x,t) reduces to the third Jacobi Theta function.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670060120
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    Applications of convex analysis and comparison functionals to extremum principles (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 353-370 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In many areas of applied mathematics, the govering equations can be expressed as dual equations which are elements in two vector spaces where a given functional defined on a cartesian product space has zero gradients. If this functional has a global saddle structure then the variational principle can be replaced by dual extremum principles of the Noble and Sewell type. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate how comparison functional which have convex, concave or saddle structure can be used to generate upper and lower bounding principles and critical sequences. The methods are illustrated by applications to the periodic solutions of a non-linear differential equation and the Fredholm integral equation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670060122
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    Continuous dependence on geometry for the backward heat equation (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 433-448 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper we are concerned with the development of criteria for stabilizing inherently unstable initial-boundary value problems under small errors in the geometry of the underlying domain. We consider in particular the initial-boundary-value problem for the backward heat equation assuming that some error has been made in characterizing the geometry of the domain under consideration. It is shown that solutions which belong to an appropriately defined constraint set depend continuously in L2 on errors in the geometry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670060126
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    Transmutation via the momentum plane (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 467-495 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Transmutation methods are developed for equations of the form x2 ϕ“ + x2(k2” - q̃(x)) ϕ = (v2 - (1/4)) ϕ, with v as spectral variable, which correspond to problems in quantum scattering theory at fixed energy k2 (here v ˜ l + (1/2) with l complex angular momentum). Spectral formulas for transmutation kernels are constructed and the machinery of transmutation theory developed by the author for spectral variable k is shown to have a version here. General Kontrorovič-Lebedev theorems are also proved.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670060129
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    Two remarks on continuation procedures for solving some nonlinear equations (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 512-514 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Let F be a mapping from Rn+1 into Rn, x(t) be a parametrization for ∣t - t0 ∣ 〈 c, of a smooth solution branch of the equation F(x) = 0, A(t) be the jacobian (n + 1) associated to a standard continuation method used for computing the solution branch. We study for a class of singularities at x(t0) the behaviour, near t = t0, of the determinant of A(t).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670060131
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    On the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 527-538 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We study a modification of the Vlasov-Poisson equation, obtained by adding a diffusion term with respect to velocity. It describes, from a physical point of view, a plasma in thermal equilibrium, in a mean field limit situation. We find that the already known results concerning existence and uniqueness of the solutions for the ordinary Vlasov equation (constructive results and counterexamples) translate to our case.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670060134
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    A trace theorem for solutions of the wave equation, and the remote determination of acoustic sources (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 131-152 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The determination of sources of acoustic wave motion in several dimensions from remote measurements is of considerable interest in many applications, and the underlying mathematical problem is quite ill-posed. We separate the source determination problem into a control problem for the wave equation and an inverse mixed initial-boundary value problem, and concentrate on the latter, in which the initial data for a solution of the wave equation are to be determined from its trace on a time-like hyperplane. Though the geometry of this problem is simple, it exhibits some of the central analytic difficulties of more complex problems. We prove a uniqueness theorem, give examples of instability, establish regularity properties of the trace, and locate noncompact classes of stable functionals. The existence of these noncompact classes shows that the problem is “partially well-posed”, i.e. that smoothing in all directions is not required to regularize the problem, and distinguishes it from most other ill-posed problems, such as backwards diffusion and analytic continuation.
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    Bifurcation of periodic orbits in coupled chemical reactors II (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 216-232 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this part of the paper we deal with computational aspects of the bifurcation problem introduced in Part I, cf. [1]. It follows from Section 3 that the bifurcation behaviour is essentially determined by the expression KP(Ω) - ∧β, where β is some constant which was assumed to be nonzero, while P(Ω) is some 2π-periodic function which was implicitly defined in Section 2. In Section 4 we first derive easily computable expressions for P(Ω) and β from the definitions of Section 2. Secondly we offer a direct, although formal, derivation for these quantities. In Section 5 we briefly show how P(Ω). β can actually be computed by means of a high speed computer and discuss a number of examples. In Section 6 finally we give some asymptotic results for systems depending on an additional parameter.
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    Interactions of fast and slow waves in hyperbolic systems with two time scales (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 292-307 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider certain symmetric hyperbolic systems of nonlinear partial differential equations whose solutions vary on two time scales. The large part of the spatial operator is assumed to have constant coefficients, but a nonlinear term multiplying the time derivatives is allowed. We show that if the initial data are not prepared correctly for the suppression of the fast scale motion, but contain errors of amplitude O(∊), then the perturbation in the solution will also be of amplitude O(∊). Further, if the large part of the spatial operator is nonsingular, we show that the error introduced in the slow scale motion will be of amplitude O(∊2), even though fast scale waves of amplitude O(∊) will be present in the solution.
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    The coupling of boundary integral and finite element methods for the bidimensional exterior steady stokes problem (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 356-375 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper, we represent a new numerical method for solving the steady-state Stokes equations in an unbounded plane domain. The technique consists in coupling the boundary integral and the finite element methods. An artificial smooth boundary is introduced separating an interior inhomogeneous region from an exterior one. The solution in the exterior domain is represented by an integral equation over the artificial boundary. This integral equation is incorporated into a velocitypressure formulation for the interior region, and a finite element method is used to approximate the resulting variational problem. This is studied by means of an abstract framework, well adapted to the model problem, in which convergence results and optimal error estimates are derived. Computer results will be discussed in a forthcoming paper.
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    Ein resonanzphänomen in der theorie akustischer und elektromagnetischer wellenHerrn Professor Karl Nickel zum 60. Geburtstag am 9. 2. 1984 gewidmet (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 104-128 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We discuss the asymptotic behaviour of acoustic and electromagnetic waves, generated by given time-harmonic exterior forces with frequency ω, in the unbounded region between the parallel planes X3 = 0 and X3 = 1, and show that the principle of limiting amplitude is violated if ω = πn(n = 1, 2,…). For these values of the frequency, forces with compact support can be chosen such that the amplitudes of the waves increase with a logarithmic rate as t → ∞.
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    Thin elastic and periodic plates (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 159-191 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This paper is devoted to the study of a three dimensional model of elastic periodic plate when the thickness e of the plate and the size ω of the periods are small. In the three studied limits (e → 0 then ω → 0), (ω → 0 then e → 0) and lately (e and ω → 0 together) the three dimensional equation of elasticity are approached by the two dimensional general equations of a linear anisotropic plate, the stretching and bending being coupled. This study points out the importance of the ratio of the two small parameters, indeed the moduli occuring in the two dimensional equations are different in the three limits. In each case a convergence proof is carried out.
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    Bifurcation phenomena in a free boundary problem for a circulating flow with surface tension (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 215-233 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: A free boundary problem for a flow around a circle is analyzed. We find and mathematically prove that bifurcations from the trivial flow actually take place. Golubitsky-Schaeffer theory, together with a formula concerning variations of domains, enables us to clarify the behaviors of the branches of nontrivial solutions.
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    Truncated random variables with application to random surfaces (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 248-261 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: There has been considerable interest in obtaining discrete results for random surfaces. Standard results have been published in journals of physics or engineering which have emphasised the applications. This paper gives a detailed background of the mathematical methods needed so that the central connection, namely truncated random variables, between these standard results can be understood. Distributions of discrete peak measures are obtained from the distributions of discrete profile measures of a random Gaussian surface by applying results for the distributions of truncated random variables. This enable the moments to be obtained from known results for the truncated distributions.
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    Asymptotic behavior of a nonhomogeneous predator-prey system with one diffusing and one sedentary species (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 40-67 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In general the predator-prey system studied will have many equilibrium states with different “patches”, i.e. regions where the sedentary species vanishes. If one equilibrium is given, a Ljapunov functional can be constructed for a set of initial data with patches satisfying a certain compatibility condition. By the methods of Alikakos [1] and Rothe [28] this implies uniform bounds for the diffusing species in a Hölder space and the sedentary species in a Lp-space. Considering pieces of the trajectory for time in some bounded interval and using the weak*-topology for the sedentary species, one defines an ω-limit set which is compact and nonvoid. Using the Ljapunov functional an asymptotic version of the differential equations is derived. It turns out that they admit only constant solutions except for a very special case. Thus convergence to the equilibrium follows.
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    Local existence and uniqueness theorems for a free boundary problem (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 308-330 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Free boundary problems are considered, where the tangential and normal components ut and un of an otherwise unknown plane harmonic vector field are prescribed along the unknown boundary curve as a function of the coordinates x, y and the tangent angle θ. The vector field is required to exist either in the interior region G+ or in the exterior G-. In each case the free boundary is characterized by a nonlinear integral equation. A linearised version of this equation is a one-dimensional singular integral equation. Under rather general hypotheses which are easy to check, the properties of the linear equation are described by Noether's theorems. The regularity of the solution is studied and the effect of the nonlinear terms is estimated. A variant of the Nash-Moser implicit-function theorem can be applied. This yields local existence and uniqueness theorems for the free boundary problem in Hölder-classes H2+μ. The boundary curve depends continuously on the defining data. Finally some examples are given, where the linearised equation can be completely discussed.
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    Layer potentials and boundary value problems for the helmholtz equation in the complement of a thin obstacle (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 389-421 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Our purpose is to show in a precise manner the mathematical approach of the problem of the acoustic diffraction by an infinitely thin screen. The classical equations of acoustics are transformed into integral equations. The sound field diffracted by the obstacle is described by a double layer potential, the density of which is equal to the step of the potential across the screen. To avoid the mathematical difficulties, the infinitely thin screen will be considered as the limit of a sequence of obstacles with finite thickness. On such obstacles, the operators can be defined, thanks to the theory of Pseudo-differential operators and Pseudo-Poisson kernels. Then a limiting process is used and gives existence and unicity of the desired solutions in Sobolev spaces.
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    On turning points (1983)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 491-515 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: For a family {T + Nλ: λ ∊ [a, b]} of semilinear operators T + Nλ in L2(Ω) the solution set {(λ, uλ) ∊ J × D(T): Tuλ + Nλuλ = h} is investigated with respect to turning points. By Ljapunov-Schmidt-reduction and calculation of the derivatives of the bifurcation equation a class of turning points is characterized by properties of these derivatives.
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    Forward speed motions of a submerged body. The cauchy problem (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 371-392 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider the linearized problem for the ideal fluid flow induced by the horizontal motion of a fully immersed body. The system of equations is made up of an elliptic problem (P) and an initialvalue problem (R) which are coupled by a pseudo-differential operator T.We define a regularized Cauchy problem (R∊) using the Yosida approximation of T; we give energy and wave resistance estimates and finally we obtain existence uniqueness and regularity of the weak solution of (R) by taking the limit when ∊ goes to zero.
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    Half- and finite-range completeness for the equation of transfer of polarized light (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 393-416 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: On neglecting reflection by the surface the existence and uniqueness are proved for the solution of the equation of transfer of polarized light in a homogeneous semi-infinite or finite plane-parallel medium. A general LL-space formulation, where 1 ≤ p 〈 ∞, is adopted. The analysis concerns a vector-valued convolution equation, which is an equivalent form of the equation of radiative transfer and is solved with the help of Wiener-Hopf factorization, Fredholm index and cone preservation methods. The results are also proved for the equations obtained from the full equation of transfer by means of Fourier expansion and symmetry relations.
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    Exact bounds for the radially symmetric shape of confined plasma in the unit circle (1984)
    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 496-511 
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    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The method of “cone iteration”; is used to obtain exact bounds for the solutions of a class of nonlinear operator equations. The general theory is applied to the problem of finding radially symmetric solutions of the plasma problem in the unit circle. Existence and uniqueness results are obtained at the same time. Some numerical examples demonstrate the method's high degree of accuracy.
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    Continuos IBE fermentation by immobilized growing Clostridium beijerinckii cells in a stirred-tank fermentor (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 281-299 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The potential of continuous isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE) fermentation by Ca-alginate-immobilized Clostridium beijerinckii cells in a continuous stirred-tank reactor is investigated. A mathematical model is presented to describe steady-state reactor performance. It appeared to be possible to use the biocatalyst particles repeatedly for successive fermentations (at least three times for a total duration of two months). Reactor productivity was 6-16 times higher than that of a batch fermentation (free cells), while the solvents yield was also increased. Measurements of substrate, product, and biomass concentrations were only partially in agreement with the model; however, a solid basis for further technological developement of the process has been laid.
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    Production of Spirulina biomass: Maintenance of monoalgal culture outdoors (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 341-349 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of sodium bicarbonate concentration, population density, and temperature on the maintenance of an outdoor monoculture of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis were studied. A clear response by Spirulina to the concentration of bicarbonate was evident, with 0.2M bicarbonate representing the lowest concentration in which a monoculture could be maintained. When the temperatures fell during the winter period to some 20-25°C below the optimum for Spirulina, Chlorella sp. gradually increased and became the dominant species in the culture. Raising the temperature by covering the pond with transparent polyethylene resulted in a sharp decline in the population of Chlorella, and a gradual resumption of species dominance by Spirulina. In winter, there was an inverse relationship in the pond between the population density of Spirulina and the extent of contamination by Chlorella sp.; but no such effect was observed under field conditions at temperatures higher than 25°C.
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    The half-saturation coefficient for dissolved oxygen: A dynamic method for its determination and its effect on dual species competition (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 403-416 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple approach was developed to determine the half-saturation coefficient for dissolved oxygen (KDO) for three bacteria by maintaining a constant oxygen concentration in continuous culture, and employing a dynamic method to obtain the specific growth rate (μ) for each species. Measurement of μ at selected dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO) resulted in a typical Monod curve for a plot of μ vs. DO. Values for KDO and μmax were obtained from the Lineweaver-Burk reciprocal plot. The bacteria studied included representative strains of three microorganisms isolated in pure culture from poorly settling activated sludge: two filamentous microorganisms, Sphaerotilus natans and a second Sphaerotilus sp., and an unidentified floc-forming microorganism. The KDO values obtained for Sphaerotilus sp., S. natans, and the floc former were 0.014, 0.033, and 0.073 mg/L, respectively. Dual species competition experiments were conducted in continuous culture under low and high DO conditions. Successful growth competition by these microorganisms under DO-limiting conditions was consistent with experimentally determined KDO values. The finding of lower KDO values for the two Sphaerotilus species, compared to the floc former, confirmed the hypothesis that these filamentous microorganisms can outgrow floc-forming microorganisms in activated sludge when DO in the aeration basin is low.
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    Factors affecting cell attachment, spreading, and growth on derivatized microcarriers. I. Establishment of working system and effect of the type of the amino-charged groups (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 469-480 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A working system for studying the effects of factors involved in the chemical nature of microcarriers on cell attachment, spreading, and growth was established. The system is based on polyacrylamide beads, prepared by the emulsion polymerization technique. Sieved beads of desirable mean diameter were derivatized to generate controlled amounts of primary and tertiary amino groups. These microcarriers were used for the propagation of four different cell strains: BHK, MDCK, CEF, and MRC-5. It was found that BHK cells attach and spread significantly faster on primary amino-derivatized beads than those with tertiary amino groups, and at a lower degree of charging. Cell yields of MDCK cells (with pronounced epithelial morphology) propagated on primary amino-derivatized beads were higher than that obtained for the tertiary amino-derivatized microcarriers. On the other hand, CEF and MRC-5 cells (with pronounced fibroblast morphology) achieved higher cell yields on the tertiary amino-derivatized microcarriers.
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    Anodic reactions in microbial fuel cells (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 559-568 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Potentiometric and amperometric measurements were made with microbial fuel cells containing E. coli or yeast as the anodic reducing agent and glucose as the oxidizable substrate. The catalytic effects of thionine and resorufin on the anode reaction were investigated. Results on the potentiometry, polarization, and coulombic output of the cells support a mediator-coupled mechanism for the transfer of electrons from the organism to the electrode in preference to a mechanism of “direct” electrochemical oxidation of glucose or its degradation products. Experiments with 14C-labeled glucose show that when a microbial fuel cell produces a current under load, exogenous glucose is metabolized to produce 14CO2. The Coulombic yields of the cells indicate a high degree of energy conversion in these systems.
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    The effects of limiting nutrients, dilution rate, culture pH, and temperature on the yield constant and anthocyanin accumulation of carrot cells grown in semicontinuous chemostat cultures (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 569-579 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: With carrot cells grown in semicontinuous culture with phosphate as limiting nutrient. Dougall and Weyrauch (1980) found that the steady-state culture density was different at different dilution rates. They suggested that the yield constant for biomass was different at different dilution rates. Here the yield constant for biomass for PO43-, NH4+, Mg2+, and glucose-limited semicontinuous cultures has been measured directly at two dilution rates. The yield constants for PO43-, NH4+, and Mg2+ but not for glucose are different at the two dilution rates. The effects of pH and temperature on the biomass yield constant was measured to extend the number of system parameters examined. Biomass yield constant was changed little with change from 25 to 28°C or from pH 4.2 to pH 5.5. The steady-state levels of anthocyanin were also measured. The responses of anthocyanin levels to the system parameters are different to the biomass responses. The data suggest that at different values of each of the system parameters, the composition and metabolic activities of the cells at steady state in semicontinuous cultures are different.
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    Assay of solid-substrate fermentation by means of reflectance infrared analysisThe mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 603-607 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Anaerobic growth of Alcaligenes faecalis var. denitrificans at the expense of ether glycols and nonionic detergents (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 627-630 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Sorption of Talaromyces emersonii cellulase on cellulosic substrates (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 271-280 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The sorption characteristics of the cellulase system of Talaromyces emersonii on various cellulosic substrates were examined. Analysis of reaction mixture supernatants by electrophoresis and enzyme assay showed that all components of the cellulase system were rapidly adsorbed by cellulose and then gradually returned to the liquid phase as the hydrolysis of the substrate progressed. The extent of adsorption in the rapid phase was influenced by pH, temperature, the nature of the substrate, and its concentration.
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    Purification and properties of extracellular β-glucosidase from Scytalidium lignicola (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250123
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    Confining mycelial growth to porous microbeads: A novel technique to alter the morphology of non-newtonian mycelial cultures (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 967-983 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In an effort to alter the filamentous morphology of Penicillium chrysogenum cells, a technique was developed to confine the growth of the mycelia to porous celite beads. The pore matrix of these beads was found to be very effective for entrapping mycelial cells and spores. The entrapped spores were used to initiate the fermentations in shake flask cultures. Significant increases in final cell densities were obtained in the confined cell cultures reaching up to 60 g/L cells. This is nearly double the cell concentration attainable in free cell cultures grown in the absence of beads. Cell loadings up to 0.55 g cells per bead were obtained in the confined cell cultures. In the later stages of the fermentations, the specific oxygen uptake rates in the confined cell cultures were found to decrease with respect to free cell cultures.
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    A simple, sensitive, and accurate alcohol electrode (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1049-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The construction and performance of an enzyme electrode is described which specifically detects lower primary aliphatic alcohols in aqueous solutions. The electrode consists of a commercial Clark-type oxygen electrode on which alcohol oxidase (E.C. 1.1.3.13) and catalase were immobilized. The decrease in electrode current is linearly proportional to ethanol concentrations between 1 and 25 ppm. The response of the electrode remains constant during 400 assays over a period of two weeks. The response time is between 1 and 25 min. Assembly of the electrode takes less than 1 h.
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    Continuous production of L-tryptophan from indole and L-serine by immobilized Escherichia coli cells (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1013-1025 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Escherichia coli B 10, which has high activity of tryptophan synthetase, was grown in a 50-L batch culture in order to determine in which growth phase the cells have the highest specific tryptophan productivity. Accordingly, whole cells of the stationary phase were used for immobilization in polyacrylamide beads. After immobilization, these immobilized cells had 56% activity of tryptophan synthetase compared with that of free cells. First, the properties of immobilized cells were investigated. Next, discontinuous productions of L-tryptophan were carried out by using immobilized cells. In discontinuous production of L-tryptophan by the batch, the activity remaining of immobilized cells was 76-79% after 30 times batchwise use. In continuous production of L-tryptophan with a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), the activity remaining of the immobilized cells was 80% after continuous use for 50 days. The maximum productivity of L-tryptophan in this CSTR system was 0.12 g tryptophan L-1 h-1.
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    Immobilization of the exo-maltohexaohydrolase by the irradiation method (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1095-1107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Exomaltohexaohydrolase (E.C.3.2.1.98) was immobilized by radiocopolymerization of some synthetic monomers which were mixed in various combinations. Irradiation was carried out while the mixture of monomers and enzymes was frozen in petroleum ether-dry-ice bath. Recovery of the immobilized enzyme was 44-75%.The optimum pH of the enzyme slightly shifted to the acidic side. The pH stability was improved remarkably by immobilization. The enzyme was stable retaining more than 90% of its original activity in the range pH 4-11. The optimum reaction temperature of the enzyme increased about 2°C. Heat stability was also improved by immobilization, and that the enzyme retained about 40% of its original activity after treatment at 75°C for 15 min. The immobilized enzyme was stable to the repeated use of 20 cycles. The Km value of the enzyme for short-chain amylose was almost the same as that of native enzyme. When soluble starch was used as the substrate, the Km, value of the enzyme was three times as large as that of native enzyme. Effects of various metal ions and inhibitors on the immobilized enzyme were also studied compared to the native enzyme.
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    Cellulose hydrolysis by the cellulases produced by Talaromyces emersonii when grown on different inducing substrates (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1169-1173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250423
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    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250501
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    Fermentation process air filtration via cartridge filters (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1215-1221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The use of cartridge air filters for process air sterilization in commercial fermentation has proliferated in recent years. Sterile air cartridge filter performance is discussed. The use of dispersed oil particle (DOP) tests for in situ integrity testing is described and discussed.
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    Preparation and properties of trypsin chemically attached to EEDQ activated styrene-methacrylic acid copolymers (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 713-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Styrene-methacrylic acid copolymers of varying combinations crosslinked with p-DVB (1-2%) and porous structure were synthesized to be used as carriers in trypsin immobilization. The styrene-methacrylic acid copolymers containing free carboxy groups were activated by conversion into the mixed carbonic anhydride with N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) at pH 4.0. The degree of activation of copolymers were determined from the amount of p-aminobenzoic acid each could bind. The activated copolymers were incubated with trypsin in phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) at 4°C for 24 h. The optimum conditions for enzymatic activity measurements determined and the activity tests were carried out in 1.5 × 10-2M CaCl2 solution (pH 8.0) at 0.05 ionic strength with a pH-stat instrument. The dependence of the activity of styrene-methacrylic acid (SMA)/trypsin derivatives to pH was investigated and it was observed that the optimum pH of the immobilized trypsin derivatives moved to the basic region compared to the native trypsin. It was found that as the ionic strength increased, the shift in the optimum pH decreased and the activity increased. The Michaelis constants for the SMA-trypsin derivatives were determined with aid of Lineweaver-Burk diagrams. The thermal, storage, and operational stabilities of SMA-trypsin derivatives were assessed. It was found that the above stabilities for all the immobilized trypsin derivatives were better than that for the native trypsin.
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    Some fluidization characteristics of biological beds (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1321-1330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The free-fall terminal velocity of particles coated with a nitrifying biofilm was investigated. The drag force exerted by the liquid on a biocoated particle was found larger than that for an uncoated particle. A new formula for the drag coefficient was proposed. The wet density of biofilm was estimated as 1.14 g/cm3. A proposed modification of the Zaki-Richardson method was successfully used for calculations of the porosity of a fluidized bed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250512
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    Enzyme management in the iotech process (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1393-1399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the Iotech process, steam explosion of wood chips potentials hydrolysis of the cullulose by enzymes. A small portion of the exploded wood is used as substrate for the production of enzymes for hydrolysis of the remaining wood. Explosions conditions degrade some of the hemicellulose, creating factors (probably related to furfural) that impair enzymatic hydrolysis and destablized the cellulases. Fortunately, simple washing with water paremits more rapid hydrolysis while enzyme stability is greatly improved. Enzymes can be recovered from the hydrolysis residue by adjusting the pH to neutrality, and additional enzymes from hydrolysis filtrate can be adsorbed on fresh exploded wood en route to hydrolysis. A simple mass balance calculation shows proportions of various activities in a mix of fresh and recycled enzymes.
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    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250601
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    Continuous transformation of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa immobilized in an ultrafiltration cell (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1441-1452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microbiological transformation of benzaldehyde accomplished by the fungus Rhodotorula mucilaginosa immobilized in the ultrafiltration cell was studied. A polysulfone membrane formed on a sintered PVC support was used for the separation of the transformation product from the cellular material. Kinetic investigations have led to results which are typical of continuously fed stirred tank reactors (CFSTR) - the value of the maximum reaction rate (Vmax) and apparent Michaelis constant (K′m) are practically independent of the substrate retention time (calculated in terms of the flow intensity value). A strong relationship was found to occur between Vmax and biomass concentration in the reactor. Study of the apparent enzyme stability shows that the decrease in the biocatalyst activity is chiefly caused by penetration of the cells through the membrane. The experimental results were approximated in terms of the adopted mathematical model. Based on this model, the half-lives (t1/2) of enzyme activities were determined. The t1/2 value varies from 35 to 82 days and depends both on the permeate flux through the membrane and on the separation properties of the membrane.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250603
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    Effect of immobilization on stability and kinetic properties of α-L-fucosidase from Turbo cornutus (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1501-1508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An amount of α-L-fucosidase from T. cornutus liver was copolymerized with glutaraldehyde using bovine serum albumin as the carrier protein. The properties of the native, the soluble enzyme polymer complex, and the insoluble enzyme polymer complex were studied and compared under various conditions of pH, temperature, substrate, and inhibitor concentration. Native α-L-fucosidase was heat labile and lost more than 85% of its activity when incubated at 55°C for 5 min. In contrast, under equivalent incubation conditions, both the soluble and the insoluble enzyme polymer complexes exhibited enhanced resistance to thermal inactivation and after 5 min lost only 65 and 40% of their original activity, respectively. Polymerzation also resulted in the shift of pH optima towards the acidic range, a decrease in activation energy and a change in the apparent Km values towards the p-nitrophenyl-α-L-fucopyranoside substrate.
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    Producton of single-cell protein from cellulose by Aspergillus terreus (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1509-1519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cellulose fermentation studies were conducted with a thermotolerant strain of Aspergillus terreus. Batch cultivation of A. terreus using purified or complex cellulose showed that 80-88% of the available cellulose was utilized in 30-36 h with an average doubling time of 7.5-8.3 h. The protein content in the biomass ranged from 23 to 38%. Semicontinuous cultivation studies, in which 90% of the biomass was withdrawn at the end of growth cycle, indicated that 84% of added cellulose was utilized with the biomass containing 32% crude protein. No loss in cellulose consumption, growth rate, or protein production occurred through two growth cycles. Continuous cultivation of A. terreus showed that 78-84% cellulose consumption occurred over growth temperatures ranging from 35 to 45°C. Maximum specific growth rates (0.14 h-1) occurred at 40 and 45°C with a minimum doubling time of 4.9 h.
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    Theory and modelling of ethanol evaporative losses during batch alcoholic fermentation (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1597-1612 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Evaporative loss of ethanol during batch alcoholic fermentation has been modelled, employing modern concepts of kinetics and stoichiometry and the best available phase equilibrium thermodynamic data. Theoretical results demonstrate that loss is proportional to the second power of the sugar concentration utilized and that the logarithm of loss is proportional to reciprocal absolute temperature. Good agreement is demonstrated among the theory, the numerical model, and the literature results. A master correlation for predicting ethanol loss is presented.
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    Effects of temperature and ethanol concentration on the maintenance and yield coefficient of Zymomonas mobilis (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1655-1660 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250618
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    A useful sampling device for small fermentors with thick mycelial suspensionsNCL Communication No. 3084. (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1677-1678 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250622
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    Efficiency of lipid synthesis by yeasts (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1693-1700 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The efficiency of lipid synthesis by ethanol-grown yeasts is characterized using the coefficient of the lipid energetic yield (η1). This coefficient is defined as the fraction of energy in an organic substrate that is converted to lipids. The advantages of η1 compared with the “fat coefficient” (Fs) as well as the biomass energetic yield (η) compared with Ys are discussed.
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    Current practice in designing bottom-entering fermentor drives (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1205-1214 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Top entering drives have become almost traditional for fermentor applications, however bottom entering drives have distinct features that merit consideration. The prinicipal advantages of bottom drives are delineated and design criteria discussed. Illustrations based on experience with several hundred fermentors ranging in power from fractional to 100 HP and in scale from 10 to 30,000 gallons are presented. Specific areas dealt with include configuration, alignment, seals, and shaft design.
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    A minicomputer system for analyzing and reporting pilot plant fermentor data (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1237-1250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In 1979, a minicomputer system was developed for Hoffmann-La Roche by ABEC, Inc. for the purpose of achieving on-line analysis and reporting of data from 16 70-L pilot-plant fermentors (New Brunswick Scientific Co.). The system consists of a PDP 11/60 computer with 96K core capacity, two RL01 disk drives, two RX01 floppy-disk drives, LA-36 DECwriter terminal, Tektronix CRT, and Versatec printer plotter. DEC, PDP, RSX, RL01, RX01, LA-36, and DECwriter are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. The computer software comprises three distinct groups of programs. RSX-11M is a disk-based operating system that allows quick response to realtime events, such as process monitoring and data acquisition, while carrying out less time-dependent activities, such as program development and graphical output. The AIM (Biles, Inc.) system is used to acquire and convert the voltage signals produced by pilot-plant instrumentation into engineering units. Analysis and graphical output are executed by ABEC and Versatec supplied programs. The most beneficial task performed by the computer is the production of graphical output of a variety of measured and analyzed data. This has led to an increase in personnel productivity and design of more meaningful experiments. An ancillary function of the system is to pick up data logged by a PDP 11/03 computer from a remote fermentation production plant by means of a MODEM interfaced communication link. Production data are analyzed and presented in a form identical with pilot-plant data. The experience with the system is discussed in this article.
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    Effect of pretreatment on the hydrolysis of cellulose by Penicillium funiculosum cellulase and recovery of enzyme (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1863-1871 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Penicillium funiculosum produces a complete cellulase which brings about 97% hydrolysis of cotton and has high β-glucosidase, xylanase, laminarinase, and lichenase activities. This article deals with the effect of different pretreatments on the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse by P. funiculosum enzymes and the recovery of enzyme from the insoluble residues. Enzymic saccharification of bagasse pretreated with hot 1N NaOH followed by neutralization with HCI and steam treated under pressure (7 kg/cm2) gave 63 and 59% saccharification, respectively, in 48 h. Hemicellulose is not lost in these pretreatments. With a 30% slurry of steam-treated bagasse, a semisolid mass containing 14% sugar was obtained. A 90% recovery of CMCase, β-glucosidase, and filter paper activity from the hydrolysates was obtained under the following conditions: (1) maintaining the ratio of enzyme to substrate high by stepwise addition of substrate, (2) brief grinding of the residual substrate with glass powder, and (3) addition of 0.4% Tween-80 to the eluting buffer. The high recovery of cellulolytic enzymes indicates that the adsorption of these enzymes on cellulose is not irreversible.
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    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250801
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    Precipitation, chelation, and the availability of metals as nutrients in anaerobic digestion. I. Methodology (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1947-1957 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A methodology has been developed for the quantitative assessments of the individual effects of precipitation and chelation of metal ions in an anaerobic digester.
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    Continuous production of high-glucose syrup by chitin-immobilized amylase (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1973-1980 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple method of preparing a chitin-immobilized α-amylase and glucoamylase from the protease- and glycosidase-less Mutant HF-15 of Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi was developed and used for the production of high-glucose syrup. The glucoamylase was tightly bound onto chitin without the aid of a crosslinking agent because the enzyme contained a specific binding site for chitin. Continuous production of high glucose concentrate from a highly concentrated α-amylasetreated gelatinized starch substrate (about 45% total solids) was undertaken successfully with the use of a column-packed chitin-immobilized amylase. The activity of the column was stable for more than 20 days of continuous operation and the product was found to be only glucose with an average dextrose equivalent value of more than 97%. The final product showed no isomaltose or panose contamination, indicating that the immobilized amylase had no transglucosidation activity. The immobilized amylase was most active in the conversion of gelatinized starch to glucose at 55°C and pH 2.5 to 5.0. Drying the chitin-immobilized amylase resulted in the decrease of activity and shortening of storage life, whereas a storage life of up to 80 days was attained without affecting its original activity when kept under moist condition at 4°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250807
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    The effect of carbon dioxide on the production of an extracellular nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1083-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production of the extracellular nuclease secreted by Staphylococcus aureus (Foggi strain) was studied in a fermentor in an attempt to improve yield and allow large-scale production of the enzyme. In shake flask cultures, 600 units/mL of the enzyme were produced routinely. However, only 450 units/mL of the enzyme at best were obtained in a small-scale fermentor (3 L). The supplementation of the air supply to the fermentor with carbon dioxide [20% (v/v)] increased levels of enzyme in the culture medium to 770 units/mL. Subsequently, this result was reproduced in larger fermentors (10 and 150 L). The possible mechanisms of the effect of carbon dioxide upon the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (Foggi) and the production of the enzyme are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250416
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  • 76
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    Bioconversion of cellulose into ethanol by Clostridium thermocellum - product inhibition (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1109-1126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Direct anaerobic bioconversion of cellulosic substances into ethanol by Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 has been carried out at 60°C and pH 7.0 (initial for 100 L) under continuous sparging of oxygen free nitrogen in a culture vessel. Raw bagasse, mild alkali-treated bagasse, and solka floc were used as substrates. The extent of conversion of raw bagasse (cellulose, 50%; hemicellulose, 25%; lignin, 19%) was observed as 52% (w/w) and 79% (w/w) in the case of mild alkali and steam-treated bagasse (cellulose, 72%; hemicellulose, 11%; lignin, 12%), respectively. Use of bagasse concentration above 10 g/L showed a decreased rate in ethanol production. An inoculum age between 28-30 h and cell mass content of 0.027-0.036 g/L (dry basis) were used. The results obtained with raw and pretreated bagasse have been compared with those of highly pure Solka Floc (hemicellulose, 10%). Studies on the product inhibition indicated a linear fall of the percent of survivors with time. An Arrhenius type correlation between the cell decay rate constant and the product concentration was predicted. Even at low levels, the inhibitory effects of products on cell viability, the specific growth rate, and extracellular cellulase enzyme were observed.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    A Process for large-scale isolation of β-galactosidase from E. coli in an aqueous two-phase system (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1789-1800 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method suitable for large-scale isolation of β-galactosidase from a suspension of disintegrated E. coli cells has been developed. In an aqueous two-phase system consiting of PEG 6000 and potassium phosphate, all cell debris and the major part of the proteins and nucleic acids were partitioned to the denser salt phase. Seventy-five percent of the β-galactosidase was recovered in the lighter PEG phase, giving a purification ratio of about 12.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250709
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  • 78
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    Kinetics of hydrolysis, oxidation, and adsorption during olive oil degradation by activated sludge (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1829-1839 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetics of the degradation of olive oil by an acclimated activated sludge were studied. Kinetic constants for the lipid removal from the mixed liquor and for that from the supernatant and for the hydrolysis step were evaluated using Michelis-Menten equations. The maximum specific reactions rates (vmax) and the saturation constants (Km) were vmax = 1.20 mg lipid mg-1 MLVSS day-1 and Km = 1290 mg/L for lipid removal from the mixed liquor; vmax = 1.54 mg lipid mg-1 MLVSS day-1 and Km = 801 mg/L for that from the supernatant; vmax = 1.57 mg olive oil mg-1 MLVSS day-1 and Km = 1750 mg/L for the hydrolysis of olive oil (where MLVSS refers to mixed liquor volatile suspended solids). The adsorption of olive oil by the activated sludge contributed to the lipid removal from the supernatant. The specific rate of this adsorption was also estimated. The hydrolysis, rather than the oxidation of free fatty acids, was the rate limiting step in the degradation of olive oil when the concentration of olive oil was lower than about 800 mg/L.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250712
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  • 79
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    Effect of oxygen removal on hydrogen photoproduction in algae (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1897-1904 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hydrogen photoproduction from water in Scenedesmus cells requires removal of oxygen by a reagent in contact with the algae. Both deoxyhemoglobin and deoxymyoglobin stimulated hydrogen production by reversible absorption of oxygen. Their effectiveness was greatly increased when other oxygen-combining reagents were present in a separate chamber with deoxyhemoglobin and deoxymyoglobin serving as reversible oxygen transfer agents.
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  • 80
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    Analysis of protein distribution in budding yeast (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1295-1310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Flow cytometry is a fast and sensitive method that allows monitoring of different cellular parameters on large samples of a population. Protein distributons give relevant information on growth dynamics, since they are related to the age distribution and depend on the law of growth of the population and the law of protein accumulation during the cell cycle. We analyzed protein distributions to evaluate alternative growth models for the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to monitor the changes in population dynamics that result from environmental modifications; such an analysis could potentially give parameters useful in the control of biotechnological processes. Theoretical protein distributions (taking into account the unequal division of yeast cells and the exponential law of protein accumulation during a cell cycle) quantitatively fit experimental distributions, once appropriate variability sources are introduced. Best fits are obtained when the protein threshold required for bud emergence increases at each new generation of parent cells.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250510
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  • 81
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    Production of biomas and β-D-galactosidase by Candida pseudotropicalis grown in continuous culture on whey (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1341-1357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production of biomass and β-D-galactosidase by the lactose-utilizing yeast Candida pseudotropicalis NCYC 744 in whey medium was studied. Apparent optimization of growth conditions and medium was done in continuous culture. Optimaql pH and temperature were 2.6 and 36-38°C, respectively, Limitations in Cu, Zn, and possbily Mn were detected in deproteinized whey medium. Additions of tryptophan estimulated growth of the yeast. Under optimal conditions in medium supplemented with excess tryptophan, Cu, Zn, and Mn the maximum values obtained: yeast concentration, 4.6 g/L; yeast productivity, 1.4 g/L h (at D = 0.35 h-1); enzyme volumetric productivity, 2100 U/L h (at D = 0.25 h-1); maintenance coefficient, 5-10 mg lactose/g cell h; saturation constant (Ks) for lactose, 4.76mM; maximum specific growth rate, (μmax), 0.47 h-1. No significant increase in specific enzyme activity (U/mg cell) was observed after medium optimiztion evidencing the importance of regulatory controls in enzyme synthesis.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    Oxygen electrode dynamics: Three-layer model - chemical reaction in the liquid film (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1401-1418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general model of the transient behaviour of an oxygen probe is derived on more general assumptions than those previously considered. The present state of the art is shorly discussed in its relation to the newly derived equations: (1) the reducibility of the three-layer diffusional model to two-layer ones is discussed, and the two-layer model considering the membrane and the liquid film is verified experimentally, (2) experimental and theoretical treatments of transient probe characteristics determination are examined, and (3) the influence of chemical reactions of the first order as well as of zero order (microorgaganism respiration) in measured media on transientd probe characteristics is quantified.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Two-stage continuous fermentation of Saccharomycopsis fibuligeria and Candida utilisApproved by the Director of the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station as Research Paper No. 8254. (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2641-2651 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Biomass production and carbohydrate reduction were determined for a two-stage continuous fermentation process with a simulated potato processing waste feed. The amylolytic yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuligera was grown in the first stage and a mixed culture of S. fibuligera and Candida utilis was maintained in the second stage. All conditions for the first and second stages were fixed except the flow of medium to the second stage was varied. Maximum biomass production occurred at a second stage dilution rate, D2, of 0.27 h -1. Carbohydrate reduction was inversely proportional to D2, between 0.10 and 0.35 h -1.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    On the criticism of “some measurements of photosynthetic efficiency” (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2775-2776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    On the relation of temperature and RNA content to the specific growth rate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2785-2788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260251120
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  • 86
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    Conversion of organic acids to h2 by Rhodospirillaceae grown with glutamate or dinitrogen as nitrogen source (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2843-2853 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Axenic cultures of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Rhodospirillum rubrum, and Rhodomicrobium vannielii grown with glutamate as the nitrogen source converted lactate, acetate, and butyrate to H2 and CO2. Conversion rates ranged from 100 to 926 mL H2 Lr-1 day-1 (where Lr is the reactor contents), and efficiencies varied from 23 to 100% When grown with N2, conversion rates up to 760 mL H2 Lr-1 day-1 and efficiencies up to 100%were achieved. Upon aging, cultures appear to rapidly increase in hydrogen uptake activity and furthermore decrease in nitrogenase activity, both factors leading to a slowdown of hydrogen production. This was particularly the case for diazotrophically grown photobacteria.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260251203
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  • 87
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    Enhancing gas-liquid mass transfer rates in non-newtonian fermentations by confining mycelial growth to microbeads in a bubble column (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2873-2887 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The performance of a penicillin fermentation was assessed in a laboratory-scale bubble column fermentor, with mycelial growth confined to the pore matrix of celite beads. Final cell densities of 29 g/L and penicillin titres of 5.5 g/L were obtained in the confined cell cultures. In comparison, cultures of free mycelial cells grown in the absence of beads experienced dissolved oxygen limitations in the bubble column, giving only 17 g/L final cell concentrations with equally low penicillin titres of 2 g/L. The better performance of the confined cell cultures was attributed to enhanced gas liquid mass transfer rates, with mass transfer coefficients (kLa) two to three times higher than those determined in the free cell cultures. Furthermore, the confined cell cultures showed more efficient utilization of power input for mass transfer, providing up to 50% reduction in energy requirements for aeration.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Temperature profiles of ethanol tolerance: Effects of ethanol on the minimum and the maximum temperatures for growth of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1665-1667 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250620
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  • 89
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    Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cellulose to ethanol using Penicillium funiculosum cellulase and free or immobilized Saccharomyces uvarum cellsNCL Communication No.: 3073 (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1679-1684 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No. Abstract.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250623
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    Anaerobic treatment of raw domestic sewage at ambient temperatures using a granular bed UASB reactor (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1701-1723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Results obtained in a 120 liter 2 m high UASB-reactor with raw domestic sewage and using a granular sugar beet waste cultivated seed sludge, reveal the feasibility of this type of anaerobic treatment for domestic sewage. Under dry weather conditions 65-85% COD reduction can be achieved at temperatures in the range of 8-20°C and at hydraulic loads as high as 2 m3 · m-3 · day-1. In the case of heavy rainfall the COD-reduction drops to 50-70% and occasionally, viz.at very low influent COD, even below 50%. The net methane production amounts to 7.1-7.3 m3 · PE-1 · year-1, and the excess sludge production ranges form 5.0-8.6 kg TS · PE-1 · year-1. Regarding the results obtained anaerobic treatment of raw sewage not only looks an attractive proposition for tropic areas but also for moderate climatic areas.
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    Growth and phosphate uptake of a high phosphate accumulating bacterium, Arthrobacter globiformis PAB-6 in continuous culture (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1781-1788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A high phosphate accumulating bacterium, Arthrobacter globiformis PAB-6, was grown in a chemostat under glucose-limitation. Two different growth patterns at steady state with various dilution rates were obtained. In one case, cells having a coccus shape tended to washout at a low dilution rate, 0.2 (h-1). In another, cells with a rod shape grew faster and gave a good steady-state growth at a dilution rate of 0.4. Such a close relationship between growth rate and cell morphology was found both in continuous and batch cultures. The amount of phosphate uptake per cell mass was almost constant irrespective of the dilution rate, but the rate of the uptake was maximum at about the dilution rate of 0.4. A clone of PAB-6 was isolated from the continuous culture with high dilution rate and had maximum specific growth rate of 0.7 in a simple glucosesalt medium.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250708
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    Modeling of experiments on biofilm penetration effects in a fluidized bed nitrification reactor (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1841-1861 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A four-component, diffusion-reaction model with double Michaelis-Menten kinetics was used to describe the experimental data obtained from a laboratory biofilm, fluidized-bed nitrification reactor. Theory and experiment demonstrated that the stoichiometric ratio (3.5 mg O2/mg NH4+-N) can be employed as a criterion to determine whether the limiting substrate is oxygen or ammonia. For the present work, in the range of concentrations where limitation occurred, 4 mg/L NH4+-N and 14 mg/L O2, the ratio of oxygen to ammonia in the bulk liquid determined which substrate was penetration-limiting - O2 if 〈3.5 and NH4+ if 〉 3.5. Halforder kinetics with respect to the limiting substrate described the apparent overall rates. Simulations provided biofilm concentration profiles which demonstrated the role of the oxygen-ammonia ratio. Experiments indicated that, generally, high NO2- concentrations can be expected. These depend on the residence time, biofilm area, and oxygen concentration. This dependency was investigated with the model, as was the parametric sensitivity with respect to the saturation constants. Particularly important for the NO2- levels were the ratios of the saturation constants for oxygen.
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    Some effects of metal ions on the estimation of reducing sugars in biological media (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1905-1911 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250717
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    A new sensor - the “filtration Probe” -  for quantitative characterization of penicillin fermentation. III. An automatically operating probe (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1981-1987 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The filtration characteristics of the penicillin broth can be monitored semicontinuously using an automatic filtration probe. This probe operates aseptically and the broth samples (filtrate and filter cake) are recycled to the fermentor after each filtration. The collected data - filtrate volume and filter cake volume versus filtration time - can be related to the total biomass concentration in the fermentor.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 95
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    Improving immobilized biocatalysts by gel phase polymerization (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1995-2006 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method is presented for the treatment of gel-type supports, used for immobilizing microbial cells and enzymes, to obtain high mechanical strength. It is particularly useful for ethanol fermentation over gel beads containing immobilized viable cells, where the beads can be ruptured by gas production and the growth of cells within the gels. This method consists of treating agar or carrageenan gel with polyacrylamide to form a rigid support which retains the high catalytic activity characteristic of the untreated biocatalysts. The size and shape of the biocatalyst is unaffected by this treatment. The method involves the diffusion of acrylamide, N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide and β-dimethylaminopropionitrile (or N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-ethylenediamine) into the performed biocatalyst beads followed by the addition of an initiator to cause polymerization within the beads. Treated gels have been used for the continuous fermentation of glucose to ethanol in a packed column for over two months. During this operation, the gel beads maintained their rigidity, and the maximum productivity was as high as 50 g h-1 L-1 gel. There was no appreciable decay of cell activity.
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    Effects of ethanol and other alkanols on the ammonium transport system of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2085-2089 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250817
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    Prevention of phosphate interference in HPLC sugar analysis studies (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2091-2092 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250818
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  • 98
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    Competition between two microbial populations in a nonmixed environment: Effect of cell random motility (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2103-2125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In a nonmixed environment, bacterial population growth can be influenced significantly by cell motility properties as well as by growth kinetic properties. Therefore, in a situation of competition between two bacterial populations for a single chemical nutrient in a nonmixed environment, the outcome may depend upon the respective cell motility properties. In this article, the authors have presented a simple mathematical model for competitive growth of two randomly motile (i.e., possessing no chemotactic behavior) populations in a finite nonmixed region. An understanding of the behavior of this model should provide insight into the behavior of a number of common microbial competition problems. Analysis of this model yields the following results: (1) There may be as many as three possible non-trivial steady-state (or long-time) configurations: when species 1 survives, species 2 dies out; when species 2 survives, species 1 dies out; and species 1 and species 2 coexist. (2) The coexistence state can exist even though one species possesses a smaller intrinsic growth rate constant at all nutrient concentrations, if that same species is sufficiently less motile than the other species. (3) In fact, the species with the smaller maximum specific growth rate may grow to a larger population than the other. (4) The possibility of coexistence can be decided essentially from the results for single population growth.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250902
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme immobilization by the coulomb force (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2209-2219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new immobilization technique has been developed. It involves immobilizing enzymes on a porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane with a nonporous polyurethane coat by the use of an electrostatic force, i.e. the Coulomb force. The immobilized enzyme can be recovered by supplying a reversed electrical potential. The reaction characteristics of the immobilized amyloglucosidase were studied using maltose as a substrate. The Michaelis constant becomes larger than that of the native enzyme, and depends on the electrical potential gradient in the solution.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250907
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of formation of maltose and isomaltose through condensation of glucose by glucoamylase (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A kinetic model was devised for the hydrolysis and synthesis of maltose and isomaltose by two glucoamylases from Rhizopus niveus and Aspergillus niger, and the validity of the model was verified experimentally at 313 K and pH 5.0. For both enzymes, the formations of maltose and isomaltose from glucose were parallel reversible reactions, and glucosyl transfer between maltose and isomaltose was not observed. The enzymes catalyzed rapid hydrolysis and synthesis of maltose. Isomaltose was hydrolyzed and synthesized more slowly, but the level produced from glucose was much higher than that of maltose. These hydrolysis and condensation reactions were expressed well by the model.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260203
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