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  • Other Sources  (10)
  • British Antarctic Survey  (6)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1980-1984  (10)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (4)
  • 1982  (6)
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  • 1980-1984  (10)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 300 (5889). pp. 245-246.
    Publication Date: 2018-03-08
    Description: A subtropical front was observed in the area south and southeast of the Azores during cruises of FS Meteor and FS Poseidon in early 1982. The front has a basically west–east extension, with considerable meandering observed. Meso-scale eddies are found on both sides. The overall flow pattern corresponds to earlier results on geopotential differences in the upper northeast Atlantic, but the baroclinic transport of the order of 107 m3 s−1 is found to be concentrated in a 60-km wide jet. We suggest here that the current band is part of the gyre circulation, resulting from a branching of the North Atlantic Current.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: Circumpolar surface waters dominate the circulation of the Southern Ocean and sustain one of the ocean's largest standing stocks of biomass thereby producing a significant output of biogenic components, mainly diatoms, to the bottom sediments. Generally transit of biogenic matter from the sea surface to the sea floor affects nutrient regeneration fuels benthic life and transfers signals to the sediment record1–5. Reliable quantification of the relationship between biological production, fractionation of skeletal and tissue components and bottom sediment accumulation depends on direct vertical flux measurements from sediment trap deployments6–9, which have proved to be most scientifically productive10–13. We now present data on vertical mass fluxes from the Southern Ocean and evidence for strong biogeochemical fractionation between organic carbon-, nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing compounds, siliceous and calcareous skeletal remains, and refractory aluminosilicates.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    British Antarctic Survey
    In:  British Antarctic Survey Butlletin, 55 . pp. 27-31.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-15
    Description: Published information appears to be lacking on the chemical composition and calorific content of Southern Ocean squid, which are important prey of sperm whales and many seabirds. Data for 17 species of squid (all but one from the Northern Hemisphere) are reviewed. lt is concluded that they have calorific contents distinctly lower than those of Antarctic fish and krill, mainly because of lower Iipid content. Because of the importance of such information to studies of energy transfer between trophic Ievels, it is recommended that data on the chemical composition and calorific content of Antarctic squid should be rapidly obtained.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    British Antarctic Survey
    In:  British Antarctic Survey Butlletin, 57 . pp. 27-31.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-15
    Description: Cephalopod remains from 11 elephant seals (Mirounga leonina L.) collected at Signy Istand, South Orkney lslands, consist mainly of 68 upper beaks (mandibles) and 50 lower beaks. The lower beaks were sorted and measured. Eight species in six families are present. Gonarus antarcticus contributing 42%, an unidentified teuthoid (20% ), Moroteuthis knipovitchi ( 14%) and an octopod ( 10%) were the most numerous species. Estimates from beak lengths show that the octopus contributed 60% of the weight of cephalopod flesh represented by beaks in this collcction, while Gonatus antarcticus contributed 15% and Moroteuthis knipovitchi 10%. The species most frequently eaten are Gonatus antarcticus (44% of samples containing lower beaks) and the unidentified teuthoid (56% of samples).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    British Antarctic Survey
    In:  British Antarctic Survey Butlletin, 61 . pp. 27-37.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-15
    Description: A small collection of otoliths was obtained from scatsof sub-adult male Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella at Bird Island, South Georgia. A reference collection of otoliths from South Georgia fish was used to identify the material and to derive relationships between otolith length and fish weight which were then applied to the sample otolith, after correcting for loss of material during digestion. The pelagic icefish Chamsocephalus gunnari was the main prey, in terms of numbers (55%) and weight (76%) of fish consumed. Other species taken include thelantern fish Gymnoscoscopelus nicholsi, the nototheniids Notothenia rossii. Notothenia gibberifrons, and Patagonotothen larseni and Pseudochaenichthys georgianus. The estimated mean weight of the C. gunnari specimens was 160kg (range 45-560g) and most were young adults aged 3-5 years; individuals of other species were mainly much smaller.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    British Antarctic Survey
    In:  British Antarctic Survey Butlletin (57). pp. 33-40.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-15
    Description: Stomach contents of eight Weddell seals killed on Deception lsland,South Shetland lslands, included unidentified fish, Euphausia superba, isopods,amphipods, pieces of blubber, bones, bits of algae, stones, parasitic worms and remains of cephalopods. The cephalopod remains included 349 lower beaks (mandibles), 383 upper beaks, eight 'crowns' of arms and nine buccal masses. The lower beaks, crowns and buccal masses were sorted into groups and identified as far as possible. Eight types of cephalopod of six families were identified. Three species each contributed almost a third of the total number of cephalopods in the diet; the squids Moroteuthis knipovitchi and ? Psychroteuthis glacialis contributed 31.3 and 28.7%, respectively, and an octopod, probably Pareledone, contributed 33.6%. Estimates from beak size show that Morotewhis knipovitchi contributed 48.5% and ? Pareledone 21.9% of the weight of flesh represented by beaks in the samples. While squids predominated in March and April, octopod dominated the cephalopod fraction in July. Octopods were also collected from the stomachs oft wo Weddell seals caught at Halley Bay.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    British Antarctic Survey
    In:  British Antarctic Survey Butlletin, 59 . pp. 15-27.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-15
    Description: A check list od South Georgia birds in presented, giving details of all new records from 31 January 1977 to 30 April 1982 an summarizingrevised information on the status of many of the breeding species. In this period, 22 visiting or vagrant species have been recorded, seven for the first time at South Georgia, including the first species of Palaecrctic origin, little stint an European house martin, and substantial numbers of cattle egrets. One new breeding species, fairy prion, was discovered. The total avifauna now consists of 30 breeding species an 36 visitors and vagrants.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-06-12
    Description: The habitals utilized by burrowing petrels at Bird lsland, South Gcorgia are described and the habitat modifications induced by the activities of fur seals and other seabirds summarised. The field methods for an investigation of the distribution and abundance of the nine species of burrow-dwelling petrels that breed on Bird lsland are described in detail. About 40% of the 200 hectares of ground suitable for burrow excavation was investigated using a system of grid squares each 3600 m² in area. ln each square, two randomly located circular quadrats of area 36 m² were studied. For each quadrat, aspect, slope, vegetation types and their cover, extent of fur seal influence and status of every burrow were recorded. Seven categories of both empty and occupied burrows were recognized and examination techniques (including use of tape-recorded calls to facilitate species identification) are described in detail. Over 5000 burrows were examined, with dove prion the most abundant species.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 305 (5933). pp. 403-407.
    Publication Date: 2016-11-23
    Description: Basalts from the Reykjanes Ridge contain noble gases delivered from the non-degassed lower mantle by the Iceland plume. These lower mantle gases are thought to be a mixture of planetary and solar components, as would be expected if the Earth accreted from fine silicate particles.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 303 (5916). pp. 422-423.
    Publication Date: 2019-04-16
    Description: Strandings of the giant squid, Architeuthis monachus (Steen-strup), have always stirred attention because of the rarity and enormous size of these cephalopods. These animals have never been observed in their natural habitat and little is known about their physiology and ecology. Stranding of giant squids in Newfoundland waters has been correlated with the inflow of warm water, suggesting that increased temperature may be causing their death1. Squids have also been carried to the Norwegian coast with the warm North Atlantic current2 and on 23 August 1982 a live specimen was caught off Radöy near Bergen, Norway (Fig. 1). This catch gave an unprecedented opportunity to study the effects of temperature on the oxygen binding properties of blood from the giant squid. The present finding of an excess of a fourfold decrease in O2 affinity when temperature is increased from 6.4 to 15°C strongly suggests that giant squids may suffocate from arterial desaturation when increased ambient temperatures are experierced.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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