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  • 1980-1984  (6,329)
  • 1981  (6,329)
  • Geography  (5,093)
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  • 1980-1984  (6,329)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DISCUSSION (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb01249.x
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  • 102
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    DISCUSSION (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb01250.x
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  • 103
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    LITIGATION and LEGISLATION (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb01254.x
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  • 104
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    HYDATA Water News and Views (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb01255.x
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PLOTTING FORMULA FOR FLOOD FREQUENCY (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : In flood frequency analysis it is required to estimate the values of probabilities based on plotting formula. All of the many existing formula provide different results, particularly at the tails of the distribution. The existing practice in selection of a particular formula is rather arbitrary; and often Weibull's formula is recommended, which provided biased and conservative results. Based on the mean square criterion, a new plotting formula is developed, and it is given by Fm= (m - 0.24)/(N + 0.5).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03922.x
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
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    WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF SKUDAI RIVER (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Urban runoff as well as industrial and agricultural discharges have seriously affected the water quality of the Skudai River, Malaysia. A water quality model is developed for simulating BOD and oxygen relationship. The simulated values agree relatively well with survey data taken during low flow conditions. Survey and simulated values show that a pollution abatement program is needed to prevent further deterioration of the river from organic discharges. A systems approach, involving complete analysis of water quality models and environmental control procedures, considering various water use patterns, water quality criteria, and waste input, is essential for solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03923.x
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
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    A SIMPLE PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING A DESIGN STORM HYDROGRAPH (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The paper presents a conceptual procedure for developing a design storm hydrograph. The methods were developed by conducting a regression analysis with simulated data generated by a complex computer model. A brief description of the model is presented together with the results of a verification study with the model. The model is based on SCS procedures but also incorporates a double triangle hydrograph method for use in agricultural and forested water-sheds. The regression procedures provide a simple hand calculator method for generating a storm hydrograph.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03924.x
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
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    COST REDUCTIONS DUE TO SEASONAL VARIATION IN MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT LEVELS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Varying treatment levels to meet seasonal variation in assimilative capacity of streams can reduce total costs of treatment. A mathematical model of a Pennsylvania stream based on a theoretically sound approximation of the physical relationships underlying the distribution of DO in a river system was used to determine discharge constraints for an economic optimization model which produced estimates of sewage treatment cost savings. Increasing the number of flow periods during the year enhances cost reducing opportunities even when land application processes are considered. Also, the least cost treatment process for year around operation may not be the least costly under multiple flow period management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03925.x
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  • 109
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    USING A DISTRIBUTED ROUTING RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Urban storm water data from four catchments near Miami, Florida, were collected and compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey and were used for testing the applicability of deterministic modeling for characterizing storm water flows from small land use areas. The four sites were:〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉(1) a 40.8-acre (0.165-km2) single family residential area(2) a 58.3-acre (0.236-km2) highway area(3) a 20.4-acre (0.083-km2) commercial area, and(4) a 14.7-acre (0.059-km2) multifamily residential area.A distributed routing rainfall-runoff model was used to simulate 328 storms at one-minute time intervals. Weighted Standard Error of Estimates (SEE) for storm runoff volume for calibration and verification simulations were 0.072 in. (1.829 mm) and 0.117 in. (2.972 mm), respectively, while the corresponding SEE for peak discharges were 5.761 cfs (0.163 m3/s) and 5.119 cfs (0.145 m3/s), respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03926.x
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  • 110
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    WATER QUALITY IN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS: IMPACT OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION DURING BASE FLOW (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Water quality was monitored for 17 months during base flow periods in six agricultural watersheds to evaluate the impact of riparian vegetation on suspended solids and nutrient concentrations. In areas without riparian vegetation, both instream algal production and seasonal low flows appeared to be major determinants of suspended solids, turbidity, and phosphorus concentrations. Peak levels of all parameters were reached during the summer when flows were reduced and benthic algal production was high. Similar summer peaks were reached in streams receiving major point inputs but peaks occurred downstream from the input. Instream organic production was less important in regulating water quality in areas with riparian vegetation and permanent flows. Concentrations of suspended solids remained relatively constant, while phosphorus and turbidity increased in association with leaf fall in autumn. Intermittent flow conditions in summer increased the importance of instream organic production in controlling water quality, even when riparian vegetation was present. Efforts to improve water quality in agricultural watersheds during base flow should emphasize maintenance of riparian vegetation and stable flow conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03927.x
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  • 111
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    A SURVEY OF THE U.S. NATIONAL PRECIPITATION NETWORK (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Numbers and record lengths of precipitation stations were surveyed in the conterminous United States using climatological data published in 1975 by the National Weather Service (NWS). The total numbers of nonrecording (8247) and recording (3036) gages were about the same as in the 1940s and less than in the late 1950s; about 70 percent of the nonrecording gages have record lengths of 25 years or more. State network densities were increased exponentially with population density and long term precipitation average. Except for a few states, precipitation stations maintained by the NWS are adequate in numbers to ensure a 95 percent statistical probability that state sample means will estimate true means within ± 5 percent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03928.x
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  • 112
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    NITRATES IN RURAL WELLS OF THE SENEGAL RIVER BASIN (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A survey of 34 open hand dug wells was performed in the Senegal River basin of West Africa. Nitrate concentrations were determined on the well water samples over a six-month period. With the exception of two wells, the wells indicated varying levels of nitrate contamination. The range of concentrations was 0.10 to 880 mg/I as nitrate. These data when compared to physical characteristics, land use, and age using a chi-square analysis did not suggest any strong association. The fact that these wells are open and in a semiarid climate may be of such importance that the previously considered factors are of minor relative importance. Contamination may be primarily the result of foreign matter entering the well mouth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03929.x
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  • 113
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    ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CORPS PLANNING (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Survey data from samples of two types of Corps of Engineers planning studies have been collected. The nature of significant environmental issues affecting the studies was ascertained. Information concerning District administrative practices and communication patterns and extraorganizational coordination procedures was also obtained. Statistical analysis examined the relationships between these practices and procedures and the consideration given environmental issues in plan formulation and modification decisions. Environmental issues receive greater consideration in plan formulation decisions where District policies encourage interdisciplinary planning and direct communication between planners and environmental interests. Plan modification decisions reflect environmental considerations to a greater degree where significant controversy exists and where reviewing agencies actively pursue environmental issues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03930.x
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  • 114
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    GENERALIZED SKEW COEFFICIENTS FOR FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : In order to promote a uniform and consistent approach for floodflow frequency studies, the U.S. Water Resources Council has recommended the use of the log-Pearson type III distribution with a generalized skew coefficient. This paper investigates various methods of determining generalized skew coefficients. A new method is introduced that determines generalized skew coefficients using a weighting procedure based upon the variance of regional (map) skew coefficients and the variance of sample skew coefficients. The variance of skew derived from sample data is determined using either of two non-parametric methods called the jackknife or bootstrap. Applications of the new weighting procedure are presented along with an experimental study to test various weighting procedures to derive generalized skew coefficients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03932.x
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  • 115
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    MONTANA'S EXPERIENCE IN RESERVING YELLOWSTONE RIVER WATER FOR INSTREAM BENEFICIAL USES - THE RESERVATION DECISION (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The Yellowstone River in Montana produces an abundant supply of high quality water, but in the early 1970's, the specter of mushrooming energy development in the drainage with its attendant demands for large volumes of water prompted this state to initiate steps to protect existing users and to control future water uses. A Water Use Act was passed in 1973, and a moratorium was subsequently placed on the granting of new permits for major diversion. During this moratorium, various governmental entities were given the opportunity to request the reservation of water for future beneficial uses, including instream purposes. An earlier paper described the reservation applications that were received by the state, and it also summarized the legal framework of the reservation process in Montana. Since that time, the responsible state agency has had the opportunity to review the reservation requests, and its final decision in this regard was announced in December of 1978. This paper describes the details of this decision. Basically, an attempt was made to preserve the integrity of the stream while also strengthening its agricultural uses. In addition, a portion of the flow was not earmarked which will provide some flexibility in reacting to future demands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03931.x
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  • 116
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    ANALYZING URBANIZATION IMPACTS ON PENNSYLVANIA FLOOD PEAKS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The impact of man made change on the hydrology of developing watersheds is frequently measured in terms of the ratio: flood peak after development to flood peak before development over a range of return periods. However, the analysis of urbanization effects on flood frequency presents a vexing problem because of a general lack of flood data in urban areas and also because of nonstationarity in the development process. Clearly, the flood peak ratio depends on the impervious fraction and percent of basin sewered and these factors have been taken into account in recent urban flood peak models. In genral, these models are developed either by: (1) split sample analysis of available annual flood data, or (2) by computer simulation using mathematical watershed models capable of representing man made changes. The present paper discusses the results of work in progress to characterize the impact of urbanization on small developing watersheds in Pennsylvania.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03933.x
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  • 117
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    AQUATIC IMPACTS OF DEICING SALTS IN THE CENTRAL SIERRA NEVADA MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The fate and effect of sodium chloride applied to Californian highways in the Lake Tahoe, Truckee River, and Yuba River watersheds were studied over a period of 14 months in 1974–75. Chloride levels in streams below major freeways were found to be elevated during the winter. The high chloride levels occurred after the application of salt to roads, decreasing as the time from application increases. Small lakes receiving runoff from major highways were also enriched with chloride. Several of these lakes displayed a temporary chemocline, which was sufficiently strong to stabilize a temperature inversion in one lake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03935.x
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  • 118
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    COMPARISON OF ANNUAL AND PARTIAL DURATION SERIES FLOODS ON THE MURRUMBIDGEE RIVER (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : In current hydrologic practice flood frequency estimates are usually based upon either the annual or the partial duration series of floods. Recurrence intervals generated by each series are not equivalent, however, and conversion of recurrence intervals from one series to the other is usually achieved by reference to a mathematical function developed by Langbein in 1949. Data collected on the Murrumbidgee River in New South Wales suggest, however, that the Langbein conversion function does not always provide a reliable means of comparing recurrence intervals. For discharges more frequent than the three year annual flood the Langbein function understates the discrepancy between the two sets of recurrence interval by approximately 35 percent. Langbein's own North American data appear to be consistent with those collected on the Murrumbidgee River.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03936.x
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  • 119
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    EFFECT OF SURFACE MINING ON STORM FLOW AND PEAK FLOW FROM SIX SMALL BASINS IN EASTERN KENTUCKY (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Hydrologic records from six small Eastern Kentucky watersheds were analyzed to determine the effect of surface mining on storm flows and peak flows. Average storm flow volumes were not changed by surface mining, whereas average peak flows were increased 36 percent. Peak flow increases were only in the summer. Smaller peak flows are doubled; moderate ones are increased by about a third; peak flows around 100 csm seem to be largely unaffected; and the larger peak flows may have been reduced by surface mining. The maximum annual storm flows, usually in winter or spring, appeared slightly reduced. No time trend in either storm flows or peak flows could be detected in five years of postmining record. Surface mining is not a serious floodwater discharge problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03937.x
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  • 120
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    INTERDISCIPLINARY ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR TIMBER SALE PLANNING (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A method of project planning for systematically assessing and recording impacts of alternative timber harvest startegies for subareas of a sale planning area is presented. This method uses an interdisciplinary team composed of specialists and decisionmaker to develop and analyze treatment alternatives and uses impact prediction matrices with explicit evaluation criteria to illustrate and record ratings of impacts on resource factors. The method is a system for organizing, for discovering appropriate alternatives, for facilitating interaction, and for documenting environmental analysis. It provides for decisionmaker control over the project, for exchange of value perspectives, and for reduction in conflict between specialists. The quality of decisions which result from the method presented depends upon the information available and the effectiveness of interaction between all members of the interdisciplinary team.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03939.x
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  • 121
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    IMPORTANCE OF CO2 LOSS IN LAKE QUALITY PREDICTIONS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Water quality models of acid mine drainage effects have involved routing alkalinity and inorganic carbon loads through a hydraulic description of the system. A method is given to estimate conservatively the importance of surface mass transfer of CO2 in lake modeling. The impact of CO2 transfer upon water quality of lake effluent depends upon tributary concentrations and flow rates, initial pH of the water, and the effective mass transfer coefficient. Charts for preassigned allowable errors in acidity and pH due to neglected gas transfer are developed. Data from three reservoirs are related to the charts to estimate the relative importance of CO2 transfer. Significant reduction in modeling effort can be achieved in cases for which errors caused by neglected CO2 loss would be within acceptable limits.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03940.x
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  • 122
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    FREQUENCY OF DRY DAY SEQUENCES (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Data from 100 stations were used to prepare a generalized characterization of the extremely long dry day sequences in the United States. Maps are presented showing the magnitude of the two-year, dry day sequences for 1 mm threshold and the coefficient of variation of the items used in the extreme value analysis. For the United States, the average coefficient of variation for dry periods is 30 percent as compared with that for maximum 24h rainfalls which is 37 percent. An example is presented for computing the longer return periods.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03942.x
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  • 123
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    CAPITAL COST OF RURAL WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The cost of water service to rural residents is very high compared to urban areas. This is true even after subsidization by Farmers Home Administration (FmHA) loans and grants. Capital cost data on 44 projects financed by the Ohio office of the FmHA during the period August 1968 to January 1977 are used to derive cost equations for 26 components of rural water distribution systems. These components represent 92 percent of the capital cost of the pipeline distribution systems studied. The data can be used to economically design rural water supply systems from a capital cost viewpoint. More data are needed on operation and maintenance costs as well as central and cluster well costs before totally economic system designs can be undertaken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03941.x
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  • 124
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    “Problems in Weighting of Hyetographs” by Gert Aron, John G. Collins, and David F. Kibler (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03943.x
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  • 125
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    “Water Quality Trap Efficiency of Storm Water Management”asins (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03947.x
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  • 126
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    LITIGATION AND LEGISLATION (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03949.x
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  • 127
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    HYDATA WATER NEWS AND VIEWS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03950.x
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:Hydraulics of Groundwater, Jacob BearDams and Public Safety, Robert B. Jansen.Wilderness Economics and Policy, Lloyd C. IrlandCan Organizations Change: Environmental Protection. Citizen Participation, and the Corps of EngineersOceanographic Institutions, Science Studies the Sea, Peter R. LimburgThe Great Dismal Swamp, Paul W. Kirk, editor.Weirs and Flumes for Flow Measurement, P. Ackers. W. P. White, J. A. Perkins: and A. J. M. Harrison.
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    Short Courses (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03951.x
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    MEETINGS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03952.x
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    RIVER BASIN SIMULATION MODELS: GUIDELINES FOR THEIR USE IN WATER RESOURCES PLANNING (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Simulation models constructed to estimate the physical and economic performance of alternative river basin development configurations have been widely used since the start of the Harvard Water Program in the early 1960's. These models have proved useful in choosing from among several potential river basin configurations, since they can rapidly evaluate each configuration's expected performance. However, when dealing with large scale river basin development projects, in which over 50 or 100 alternative reservoirs, irrigation areas, and other components must be considered, it is sometimes quite difficult to effectively use a simulation model to rapidly identify those combinations of projects which best satisfy the development objectives. The purpose of this paper is to describe how a simulation model was used in the analysis of a complex river basin development project in Eastern Europe, and how the problems of scale were confronted and solved. The author's experience on this projet is used to derive a set of general guidelines which may be helpful in other simulation studies.
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    STATE FINANCING OF WATER PROJECTS: THE UTAH EXPERIENCE (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Dramatic changes in Utah's economy caused by urbanization, large scale energy developments, and other influences will significantly reorient water use patterns. Thus, state water management policies and programs which have evolved over many years should be reevaluated. Several factors have influenced Utah water project financing policy. Among these have been: 1) the prominence of agriculture in the settlement of Utah and the century following, 2) dry cycles and periodic severe droughts, 3) recurring periods of economic depression, and 4) allocation of Colorado River water among the basin states and Mexico, Three revolving funds have been established. The Revolving Construction Fund, created in 1947, provides money for irrigation projects; the Cities Water Loan Fund, created in 1975, provides money to communities for developing culinary systems and improving quality to meet the demands of exploding population growth; and the Water Resources Conservation and Development Fund, created in 1978, provides money for large scale multipurpose water projects costing $1 million or more. The justification for these financing programs seems to be a mixture of rectifying market imperfections and income redistribution. However, trends in the agricultural sector and the multipurpose nature of large scale projects now being funded suggest that earlier justifications may no longer be valid. Rigorous project evaluation procedures, lacking in the past, should be adopted.
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    THE MILWAUKEE POLLUTION CASE - IMPLICATIONS FOR WATER RESOURCES PLANNING (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The Illinois v. Milwaukee Federal District Court decision is the most far reaching application yet of the federal common law of nuisance to interstate water pollution conflicts. Although a Federal Appelate Court recently rescinded part of the district court decision, Milwaukee must still upgrade its metropolitan sewage system to a level beyond that required by federal and state regulations. The improvements must be completed with or without federal aid. The case points out the apparent inability of the Clean Water Act, the most comprehensive federal legislation affecting the nation's water quality, to deal with certain interstate water quality conflicts. The Milwaukee decision could set a precedent for similar settlements elsewhere which may in turn affect the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's water quality clean up program. A more integrated, ecosystem conscious approach to management of shared water resources (e.g., the Great Lakes) would help reduce the need for court decisions like Illinois v. Milwaukee.
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    FOCUSED AND DIFFUSE PATTERNS OF AQUATIC RECREATION BEHAVIOR (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Recreation behavior can be examined by identifying characteristics of participants, activities, and places. Two distinct houschold types (social groups) were examined relative to their participation in water based recreation: households whose participation occurs exclusively in water based recreation, and those reporting participation in both water and nonwater activities. These households were compared in terms of preference for and specialization in water recreation, the relationship of water activity selected and resource (place) preference and intensity of participation in water activities. Attention by managers, planners, and social scientists to the interplay of participant group, activity, and place upon behavioral outcomes is important to the future development of recreation opportunities. It is one thing to design a facility for water based recreation; it is another to design a facility knowing the behavioral outcomes occurring and how they will be affected. Similarly, to implement a management strategy without knowing how behavior of participants will be modified as a result of the strategy can lead to failure of the management objective.
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    IMPACTS OF SURFACE DRAINAGE ON GROUND WATER HYDRAULICS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The current dredge and fill practices in locating canals along the periphery of wetlands in south Florida are transforming natural basins that originally had primarily slower subsurface drainage to ones that discharge larger quantities of water faster, via a surface drainage system. The objective of this paper is to develop an analytical technique and a numerical model in quantifying the difference of surface and subsurface runoff before and after the construction of drainage canals, and for delineating the effects of drains on channel level and regional water tables in adjacent areas in south Florida. The surface runoff model is formulated on the climatic water balance technique, and the ground water model is treated as a one dimensional transient phenomenon that forms a nonlinear flow problem. Analytical solutions are derived through problem linearization. These two models are coupled to estimate the impact of drainage canals on the adjacent water table drawdown.
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    RESPONSE OF BACTERIA TO THE PRESENCE OF CARBARYL IN WATER. I. RESPONSE OF BACTERIAL INDICATORS VS. RESPONSE OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIAL SPECIES (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus were tested by plate counts and Warburg respirometry to determine effects of the presence of carbaryl in water. E. coli and S. typhimurium were initially stimulated in the presence of the insecticide whereas S. faecalis and S. aureus were inhibited. Over a period of days, all bacteria died off more rapidly in the presence of carbaryl. The implications of these data in regards to bacteriological testing of water quality are discussed.
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    RESPONSES OF BACTERIA TO THE PRESENCE OF CARBARYL IN WATER. II. PURE CULTURE VS. MIXED CULTURE RESPONSE (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Escherichia coli. Streptococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus were tested in pure culture and in various combined mixed cultures to determine effects of the presence of carbaryl in water. Oxygen uptake of E. coli and S. typhimirium was stimulated by five mg/L carbaryl when mixed together, but no stimulation was observed when either organism was tested alone or with other bacteria. In mixed culture the survival time of S. faecalis was reduced in the presence of five mg/L carbaryl; however, the survival time of both S. aureus and S. typhimurium was increased in the presence of five mg/L carbaryl. Implications of these results are discussed.
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    APPLICATION OF INFILTRATION THEORY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF EXCESS RAINFALL HYETOGRAPH (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The purpose of this paper is to show through the use of numerical examples that modern infiltration theory can be used in everyday hydrologic practice. The actual use of four methods of calculation of infiltration rates and of excess rainfall rates is demonstrated for the case when simultaneous data of rainfall and stream flow are available for a watershed. The four methods are: (1) the well known Π-index method, (2) the traditional Horton's infiltration capacity formula, (3) the less traditional Green and Ampt infiltration capacity formula, and (4) a ponding time approach. It is recommended that hydrologists become at least familiar with the numerical procedures involved in the ponding time and postponding infiltration approach. This approach, though not flawless, should be preferred to the other three methods if use of the other three is at all considered.
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    EXPERIMENTS IN IMPROVING RURAL WATER SUPPLIES (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A series of studies and experiments were conducted to identify rural water supply quality problems and to develop and demonstrate solutions. We found that rural people had severe and widespread problems, while state agencies held potential answers. Communications between experts and town officials were weak or absent. To bridge this gap, an information system was devised and tested. A computer program was developed to provide a printout map of the state, showing town boundaries and the quality of water supplies for each public water system monitored by the State Health Department. The map and data were published in local newspapers with an explanation of the map and its symbols. Town health officers were interviewed to determine the results of the public disclosure. We found that the news releases led to increased awareness, interest, and understanding of water quality and demands for ameliorative action. This program was supplemented by two publications: “A Layman's Guide to Eutrophication” and “A Handbook for Rural Water Uses.” The handbook explains the nature of drinking water standards, the reasons for these standards, the dangers and results of not meeting the standards, and cost-effective alternatives for improving water quality.
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    CONSIDERATIONS IN CHOOSING THE APPROPRIATE MIX OF URBAN AND AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : In developing strategies for nonpoint pollution control in designated 208 areas, one of the issues facing planners is the relative emphasis which should be placed upon urban versus agricultural non-point control. Five criteria which should be considered in designing an appropriate BMP strategy mix are discussed: 1) BMP cost effectiveness; 2) information and administrative cost; 3) flexibility, which relates to the cost of reversibility given substantial uncertainties; 4) associated effects, both direct and indirect; and 5) acceptability to local jurisdictions and groups. Whatever an evaluation on the basis of the first four criteria may suggest, acceptance of agricultural BMPs will be difficult to achieve, thus favoring urban oriented strategies, unless local revenue sources are developed to offer payments to farmers for BMP adoption.
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    THE ADOPTION OF MUNICIPAL WATER CONSERVATION: AN UNLIKELY EVENT? (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : It is contended that water conservation measures that reduce a water system's net revenues are unlikely to be adopted. Pricing policies that induce conservation can be designed to increase net revenues. Management practices that lead to conservation and pure conservation measures may reduce net revenues; consequently, they are unlikely to be adopted. Recent experience in five southwestern cities supports these contentions. It is argued that the managers of a municipal water enterprise are particularly sensitive to short term variation in revenues. Consequently, to increase the likelihood of the adoption of measures that reduce net revenues it is necessary to remove either the decision to adopt measures that reduce net revenue or the adverse revenue effect from the water enterprise. Finally, to make higher rates for conservation palatable, imaginative use for the funds generated must be developed.
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    COMPARISON OF TWO AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS FOR MONTHLY STREAM FLOW GENERATION (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Two autoregressive models for monthly stream flow generation are compared based on the reproduction of the historical record in terms of several important statistics such as the mean, standard deviation, skewness coefficient, correlation coefficient, and the reservoir storage components. In the comparison, both theoretical considerations and practical applications are employed to evaluate the performance of each model.
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    DETERMINISTIC MODELS FOR PREDICTING RESIDENTIAL WATER CONSUMPTION (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Forecasts of future urban water demand traditionally have been made by the projection of historic trends in per capita consumption and population. This paper outlines the use of two deterministic models to forecast the residential component of urban water demand. The models incorporate specific representation of the activities which result in water consumption at each residence. Predictions of water use can then be made by modeling the changes expected in the number of these activities and the consumption for each such activity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb01940.x
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    THE WATERSHED LITERATURE OF YESTERYEAR (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Scientific communication may be impaired because portions of today's watershed literature are unimaginative, uninspiring, and unread. The literature of the last century, however, abounds with prose of great beauty and clarity. Selections taken from the works of Powell, Gilbert, Muir, Ruskin, and Marsh set a literary standard for all 20th Century scientists.
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    ENVIRONMENTAL THRESHOLD FUNCTIONS FOR USER ORIENTED RESOURCE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Managers of water related outdoor recreation resources want to provide facilities and recreational opportunities of high quality that are attractive to recreationists. The reported research develops a relevant site quality assessment and measurement procedure called environmental threshold modeling. This modeling procedure is based upon the idea that individuals (i.e., recreationists) have specific, identifiable evaluative criteria which can be expressed as a mathematical function of various site characteristics. The function of interest is called a threshold function because it separates acceptable recreational settings from unacceptable settings. Individual specific threshold functions can be easily aggregated to form a population specific threshold function that estimates the proportion of a population that would find the recreational setting acceptable for some specific activity. Presented in this paper are illustrative calibration results based upon survey data collected from recreational canoeists using the Pine River in Michigan's Manistee National Forest.
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    EVALUATING DIRECT BENEFIT ESTIMATION PROCEDURES FOR IRRIGATION PROJECTS: A SIMPLIFIED APPROACH (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : An integral part of evaluating the net benefits generated by an existing or proposed irrigation project is the assessment of the associated impacts in commodity markets. Traditionally, these impacts have been measured by either assuming no change in commodity prices and calculating net returns to project farmers, or by allowing commodity prices to fall in accordance with a given elasticity of demand and subtracting commodity production costs from the associated area under the commodity demand curve. In either case, it is implicitly assumed that supply is perfectly inelastic.This article establishes that traditional approaches to measuring direct benefits are biased. Formulae are presented for calculating the maximum absolute and relative error which may result from using these techniques as a function of project size. Direct benefit estimates are then evaluated for three irrigation projects in Nebraska, illustrating how these results can be used to improve project evaluation procedures.
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    OBJECTIVES AND CONSTRAINTS IN FEDERAL WATER RESOURCES PLANNING (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The Water Resources Council's Principles and Standards stipulate that plans should be formulated to meet national, regional, state, and local needs or problems. It is not clear, however, how appropriate consideration can be given to both national objectives (NED and EQ) and local needs and problems.Two methods of incorporating national objectives and local problem solving into water resources planning are examined. They are plan formulation primarily in pursuit of national objectives, and plan formulation to solve local problems, but constrained by national objectives. The first of these methods is the approach which is becoming increasingly explicit in the development and elaboration of the Water Resources Council's Principles and Standards.The analysis indicates that the Water Resources Council's approach is neither the most practical nor the most desirable of the two methods examined. It creates unnecessary difficulties and fails to achieve its purpose. Plan formulation to solve local problems, but constrained by national objectives not only describes what field planners actually do, but is also more practial and more desirable.
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    EVALUTING STREAM STANDARD VIOLATIONS USING A WATER QUALITY DATA BASE (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Cumulative density functions (c.d.f.'s) for water quality random variables may be estimated using data from a routine grab sampling program. The c.d.f. may then be used to estimate the probability that a single grab sample will violate a given stream standard and to determine the anticipated number of violations in a given number of samples. Confidence limits about a particular point on the c.d.f. may be used to reflect the accuracy with which the sample estimate represents the true c.d.f. Methods are presented here for calculating such confidence limits using both a normal model and a nonparametric model. Examples are presented to illustrate the usefulness of an estimated c.d.f. and associated confidence limits in assessing whether an observed number of standard violations is the result of natural variability or represents real degradation in water quality.
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    SURFACE AREA CORRECTIONS APPLIED TO A RESOURCE MAP (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Generally a difference exists between the horizontal planar area of a watershed as measured on a map and the actual surface area. A technique is presented, utilizing a topographic map, for computing the difference in the two areas as well as yielding a prediction of the actual surface area. Spatial variations in the magnitude of the difference in the two areas for small local sites over the watershed are displayed on computer generated maps. The technique is also used to adjust various inventory variables on maps, such as vegetation density, to reflect actual surface coverage. This allows estimates to be made of the difference in using corrected versus uncorrected area related parameters in mathematical functions describing processes occurring in the atmosphere-surface boundary layer.
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    PHOSPHATE IN WATERS: II. PLANT AVAILABILITY OF LIGNITE FLY ASH EXTRACTED FORMS IN GREENHOUSE TRIALS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Orthophosphate P was removed from municipal waste water, lake waters, and P-spiked solutions by contact with fly ash from lignite burning electric power generating plants. The recovered ash was increased in total P content 3-fold, and Bray No. 1 soluble P, 9-fold. Phosphorus enriched ash so prepared was used in greenhouse trials with sand or soil as the major substrate material. Recovery of added P by barley plants ranged from 3 to 26 percent in the sand cultures and from 2 to 17 percent for soil cultures. Phosphorus contained in normal ash was partially available to barley under the conditions of these experiments. High B and the pozzolanic effect induced by ash reduced plant growth significantly.
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    AWRA ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb01959.x
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    ICKO IBEN AWARD (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb01960.x
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    WILLIAM R. BOGGESS AWARD (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    HONORARY MEMBER, AWRA (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LONG RANGE PLAN (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    AWRA STATE SECTIONS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    AWRA AQUARIUS CLUB MEMBERS—1981 (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    NEWS OF FRIENDS AND MEMBERS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    AWRA SECTION OFFICERS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    SCHEDULED MEETINGS OF AWRA (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALL FOR PAPERS for an INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROMETEOROLOGY (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    CALL FOR PAPERS EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES CONFERENCE “WATER—ARE WE RUNNING OUT?” (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    AWRA ENDOWMENT FUND CONTRIBUTORS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    SURVEY OF EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN WATER RESOURCES (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    ESTIMATION OF SOIL MOISTURE WITH API ALGORITHMS AND MICROWAVE EMISSION (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Large area soil moisture estimations are required to describe input to cloud prediction models, rainfall distribution models, and global crop yield models. Satellite mounted microwave sensor systems that as yet can only detect moisture at the surface have been suggested as a means of acquiring large area estimates. Relations previously discovered between microwave emission at the 1.55 cm wavelength and surface moisture as represented by an antecedent precipitation index were used to provide a pseudo infiltration estimation. Infiltration estimates based on surface wetness on a daily basis were then used to calculate the soil moisture in the surface 0–23 cm of the soil by use of a modified antecedent precipitation index. Reasonably good results were obtained (R2= 0.7162) when predicted soil moisture for the surface 23 cm was compared to measured moisture. Where the technique was modified to use only an estimate of surface moisture each three days an R2 value of 0.7116 resulted for the same data set. Correlations between predicted and actual soil moisture fall off rapidly for repeat observations more than three days apart. The algorithms developed in this study may be used over relatively flat agricultural lands to provide improved estimates of soil moisture to a depth greater than the depth of penetration for the sensor.
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    CALIBRATING AND VERIFYING THE SSARR MODEL -MISSOURI RIVER WATERSHEDS STUDY (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: The Streamflow Synthesis and Reservoir Regulation (SSARR) model was calibrated and verified on the Madison and Gallatin watersheds in the upper Missouri River drainage. The study was performed to determine if the SSARR model could simulate snowmelt-runoff volumes to effect better operation of six multipurpose reservoirs on the Missouri River. Physical watershed characteristics and parameter sensitivity are incorporated into a procedure which expedites model calibration. Criteria are established to facilitate parameter development and to objectively evaluate calibration and verification results. A ratio of simulated to observed snowmelt-runoff volumes of the Madison River averaged 1.00 and 1.02 for calibration (N = 8 years) and verification (N = 6 years) with corresponding standard deviations of 0.08 and 0.13. Gallatin volume ratios averaged 0.99 and 0.95 for calibration (N = 7 years) and verification (N = 5 years) with respective standard deviations of 0.08 and 0.28.
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    ECONOMIC APPRAISAL OF A GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: A ground water development project in the northern part of Thailand was appraised by means of benefit-cost analysis. This is the first project in Thailand to develop ground water for irrigation purposes and it is also the first project which made use of an underground PVC pipe water distribution system. Results indicate that the project is economically feasible. In comparing different water distribution systems, it is also found that distribution by means of underground PVC pipes is more economical compared to an open ditch system if the life of the latter is relatively short and the rates of inflation are high.
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    THE EVOLUTION OF TEXAS WATER LAW AND THE IMPACT OF ADJUDICATION (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Texas' surface water law began its evolution during the Hispanic period of occupance. Later, the English riparian doctrine was adopted, and finally, in the late 1800's, the prior appropriation doctrine was superimposed, resulting in an exceedingly complex dual system. Though the judiciary, legislature, and state water agencies have wrestled with the problem of coordinating these diverse water rights and more accurately delineating and measuring riparian rights and water use since early in this century, until recently all attempts were unsuccessful. The unknown riparian element, in particular, made coordinated and efficient management and administration of the state's surface water resources impossible. Finally, measurable progress toward solution of these problems began in 1967 with passage of the Water Rights Adjudication Act, aimed at identifying all unrecorded surface water rights claims and eventually merging all claims into the permit system. This paper examines the gradual evolution of Texas' curious blend of Hispanic-English riparian rights and later appropriate rights; discusses the resultant problems of water resource administration; and traces the progress of the ongoing water rights adjudication, a lengthy, expensive, and complex procedure, which should eventually make possible more efficient administration of all surface water rights.
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    GROUND WATER SEEPAGE IN LAKE WASHINGTON AND THE UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN, FLORIDA (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Direct ground water seepage measurements were made in Lake Washington, Florida, to determine the importance of seepage as a water and chloride source to the lake and upper St. Johns River. Over 200 seepage measurements were made in the lake and adjoining canals from July through December 1978. Results indicated that seepage into the shore areas of Lake Washington was an insignificant water source to the lake, representing 0.6 percent of the inputs, and was nearly balanced by ground water recharge in the midlake region. Drainage canals entering Lake Washington, however, exhibited high average seepage rates (17.7 L/m2-day), over eight times the lake average (2.01 L/M2-day). Discharge from the St. Johns River was the dominant factor in the water budget of Lake Washington and represented approximately 88 percent of the inputs during the study year. Although inputs from the drainage canals represented only 6.6 percent of the St. Johns River annual discharge, these canals represented 20.4 percent of the annual St. Johns River chloride loading and 62.1 percent of the river chloride loading during the five driest months of 1978. Evidence from this study indicates that rising levels of chloride in the river in recent years are largely attributable to ground water seepage in channelized areas, particularly in the headwaters. These chloride inputs assume greater importance during low water/low flow periods.
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    A PLANNING METHOD FOR EVALUATING DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS OF DETENTION BASINS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: While storm water detention basins are widely used for controlling increases in peak discharges that result from urbanization, recent research has indicated that under certain circumstances detention storage can actually cause increases in peak discharge rates. Because of the potential for detrimental downstream effects, storm water management policies often require downstream effects to be evaluated. Such evaluation requires the design engineer to collect additional topographic and land use data and make costly hydrologic analyses. Thus, a method, which is easy to apply and which would indicate whether or not a detailed hydrologic analysis of downstream impacts is necessary, should decrease the average cost of storm water management designs. A planning method that does not require either a large data base or a computer is presented. The time co-ordinates of runoff hydrographs are estimated using the time-of-concentration and the SCS runoff curve number; the discharge coordinates are estimated using a simple peak discharge equation. While the planning method does not require a detailed design of the detention basin, it does provide a reasonably accurate procedure for evaluating whether or not the installation of a detention basin will cause adverse downstream flooding.
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    AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF WATER CONSERVATION POLICY (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Water conservation is a much emphasized policy of the Federal government. Discussion of water conservation proposals often involves confusion between a conservation “ethic,” which is an end in itself, and conservation as a means for attaining various economic objectives. Analysis indicates that outside of ground water “mining.” water is usually a renewable and reusable resource. During periods of normal precipitation, water conservation should be employed only when the value of the water saved exceeds the cost of effecting the savings. Water conservation is most valuable as a drought contingency tactic. Water conservation as a substitute for structural provision to meet normal water demand growth is apt to prove shortsighted.
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    RIVER DYE GAGING (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Procedures have been developed (a) to inject a tracer at a constant rate below the water surface at selected points across a stream and (b) to deal with suspended sediment. Mixing remained far from complete in relatively long channels, owing to channel and flow divergence with uncertainty where to sample downstream and which marginal sample values to include for flow calculation. These problems are encountered when mixing is largely dependent on transverse diffusion. Accurate and replicable results were obtained where dye was injected upstream and detected downstream from riffles that induced thorough turbulent mixing. Dye gaging should be practical in gorges or wherever flow is turbulent across the whole width of a channel.
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    A NEW SEDIMENT TRAP EFFICIENCY CURVE FOR SMALL RESERVOIRS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: The reservoir sediment, trap efficiency value is the most informative single description of a reservoir. This value is the proportion of the incoming sediment that is deposited or trapped in the reservoir, usually expressed in percent. It conveys information on what happens to most of the sediment coming into the reservoir and is indicative of the reservoir's useful life. Since Brune's (1953) report very little research progress has been made on this important reservoir design factor in the last 25 years. This is primarily because of the lack of adequate reservoir sediment, trap efficiency data. Worthwhile data for analysis exists on only 20 ponded reservoirs in the U.S., in the size category usually built by agricultural interests. By analyzing available information on these 20 reservoirs, a new trap efficiency curve, which is slightly different from the one used for the last 25 years, was developed. Use of this new trap efficiency curve could mean a reduction in some reservoirs of 4–10 percent in the volume allocated to sediment storage.
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    STREAM PHOSPHORUS EXPORTS FROM WATERSHEDS WITH CONTRASTING LAND USES IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The export of dissolved molybdate reactive phosphorus (DMRP) from 22 watersheds in the Duffin Creek drainage basin near Toronto Ontario was measured over a 25-month period. The annual average loss varied from 0.027 to 2.11 kg P/ha. Phosphorus levels in a number of watersheds were strongly influenced by effluent from a sewage treatment plant which contributed about 68 percent of the annual DMRP input to Duffin Creek. An analysis of 12 watersheds which did not contain major point pollution sources revealed that DMRP concentration and losses had a significant positive correlation with crop area and a strong negative association with forest, abandoned farm land, and area of sand + sandy loam soils. The causal relationships underlying these simple correlations are difficult to evaluate because of considerable multicollinearity between land use, soil, and topographic variables. Analysis of a mass balance for the downstream reaches of Duffin Creek indicated that there was considerable retention of phosphorus in the river channel particularly during summer low flows.
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    SEDIMENT TRANSPORT DURING A CONTROLLED RESERVOIR RELEASE (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: The transport of bedload and suspended sediments and particulate organic matter was evaluated in Huntington Creek, Utah, during a controlled release of water from Electric Lake Reservoir from August 7–10, 1979. Effects of the release on channel geometry and riffle composition also were assessed. Bedload transport rates increased from zero to 1,650 and 1,500 kg/hr at two cross sections as discharge was increased from 0.4 to 4.9 m3/s; transport rates then decreased erratically as discharge was held constant. Cross section measurements and sediment size analysis indicate that flows were insufficient to transport riffle sediments. Rapid increases in the transport rates of suspended sediments and particulate organic matter also occurred during rising discharge and again decayed when discharge became constant. Suspended sediment concentrations for samples obtained with an automatic pumping sampler were generally less than those found for samples obtained with a DH-48 sampler. Biological measurements still are needed to determine if such a release can improve fisheries habitat by removing fine sediments.
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    LITIGATION and LEGISLATION (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    HYDATA Water News and Views (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Books reviewed in this article:McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Environmental Science (2nd ed.), Sybil Parker (Editor). McGraw-Hill, New York, New York. 1980. 858 pages. $34.50.Evaluation for Village Water Supply Planning, Sandy Cairncross, Ian Carruthers, Donald Curtis, Richard Feachem, David Bradley, and George Baldwin. John Wiley and Sons, Somerset, New Jersey. 1980. 179 pages. $19.25.A Guide to Conservational Pricing, Marshall Gysi. Vantage Press, New York, New York. 1980. 114 pages. $7.95.Toxic and Hazardous Waste Disposal, Vol. 11, Robert B. Pojasek (Editor). Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Applied Water Resource Systems Planning, David C. Major and Roberto L. Lenton. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 1979. 248 pages. $19.95.Provinciate Waterstaat van Gelderland. Marktstraat 1, Arnhem Nederland. 370 pages.
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    ASSOCIATION AFFAIRS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    PRESIDENT'S PAGE (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    DISCUSSION (1981)
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    WATER RESOURCES PUBLICATIONS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb01252.x
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    ASSOCIATION AFFAIRS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb01256.x
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  • 184
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    AIRPORT WASTES AND WATER QUALITY (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Waste waters from various operations at the Miami International Airport are characterized. Servicing, maintenance, overhauling, and washing of aircraft seem to be the most significant waste water producing operations. Pollutional constitutents commonly found in the airport wastes include acids, alkalis, detergents, oil, grease, and oxygen demanding substances. Phenols are of concern when stripping and repainting operations occur. Although most airport wastes may be treatable, a great reduction in influent load can be achieved by proper housekeeping methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03921.x
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  • 185
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    WATER QUALITY PATTERNS DURING A STORM ON A MALL PARKING LOT (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03938.x
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    AWRA Student Chapters (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03954.x
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  • 187
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    Call for Papers - Seventeenth AWRA Conference - Waste Impact on Water - October 4–7, 1981, Atlanta, Georgia (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03957.x
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    Call for Papers - Symposium on Unified River Basin Management - Stage II - October 6–7, 1981, Atlanta, Georgia (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb03958.x
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  • 189
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    UNCERTAINTIES IN ESTIMATING THE WATER BALANCE OF LAKES (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Evaluation of hydrologic methodology used in a number of water balance studies of lakes in the United States shows that most of these studies calculate one or more terms of the budget as the residual. A literature review was made of studies in which the primary purpose was error analysis of hydrologic measurement and interpretation. Estimates of precipitation can have a wide range of error, depending on the gage placement, gage spacing, and areal averaging technique. Errors in measurement of individual storms can be as high as 75 percent. Errors in short term averages are commonly in the 15-30 percent range, but decrease to about 5 percent or less for annual estimates. Errors in estimates of evaporation can also vary widely depending on instrumentation and methodology. The energy budget is the most accurate method of calculating evaporation; errors are in the 10–15 percent range. If pans are used that are located a distance from the lake of interest, errors can be considerable. Annual pan-to-lake coefficients should not be used for monthly estimates of evaporation because they differ from the commonly used coefficient of 0.7 by more than 100 percent. Errors in estimates of stream discharge are often considered to be within 5 percent. If the measuring section, type of flow profile, and other considerations, such as stage discharge relationship, are less than ideal errors in estimates of stream discharge can be considerably greater than 5 percent. Errors in estimating overland (nonchannelized) flow have not been evaluated, and in most lake studies this component is not mentioned. Comparison of several lake water balances in which the risdual consists solely of errors in measurement, shows that such a residual, if interpreted as ground water, can differ from an independent estimate of ground water by more than 100 percent.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb02593.x
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  • 190
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    SATELLITE DETECTION OF SEICHES IN GREAT SALT LAKE, UTAH (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : On June 15, 1977, an unusual brightness anomaly was detected in the north arm of Great Salt Lake, Utah, on NOAA-5 Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR) visible band imagery and on Landsat-2 multispectral visual band imagery. Retrospective inspection of NOAA-3, 4, and 5 satellite imagery from 1974–77 revealed 12 previous cases of the anomaly, whereas post monitoring documented nine other cases through May 1978. Comparison of lake levels in the north arm with meteorological parameters leads to the conclusion that the anomalous brightness is associated with wind induced seiches in the north arm. Apparently the wind induces a lower water depth, turbulence, and mixing throughout the water column in the western third of the north arm, thus increasing the brightness of the surface waters chiefly from sediment resuspension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb02595.x
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  • 191
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    ACCOUNTING AND REPAYMENT PROVISIONS OF THE PICK-SLOAN MISSOURI BASIN PROGRAM (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The accounting and repayment practices employed by the Water and Power Resources Service (WPRS) greatly distort the actual resource allocation process and the ultimate repayment to the Federal Treasury. Through a series of transfers of capital repayment obligations to future development with modest or no interest charges, the repayment is reduced to only a fraction of the amount implied. In the case of the Pick-Sloan Missouri Basin Program, the public subsidy of hydroelectric power is estimated to be $2 for every $1 of repayment. For irrigation investment, the direct repayment to the Federal Treasury is less than 10 percent of the annualized cost of the public investment, with irrigators repaying at a rate of less than $0.03 for every dollar of public expenditure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb02596.x
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    “A Multiobjective Model for Regional Water Quality Management,” by B. N. Lohani and Pakorn Adulbhan (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb02599.x
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    “Strategies to Control Nonpoint Source Water Pollution,” by J. Jeffrey Peirce (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb02600.x
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  • 194
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    WATER USE CONFLICT NEAR MADISON, NEBRASKA (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Nebraska statutes give first preference for use of ground water to domestic purposes, second to agriculture, and third to manufacturing or industrial purposes.Rapid growth in the number of irrigation wells has caused an increasing number of water use conflicts. One such conflict arose from the installation and use of an irrigation well near Madison in Madison County, Nebraska. Pumping from the irrigation well coincided with head declines in nearby domestic wells screened in the same sand and gravel, but appeared unrelated to water level changes in wells screened in a higher saturated sand.A drawdown-recovery test was performed to determine the degree of hydraulic connection between the wells involved. Operation of the irrigation well was determined to be the cause of the head decline in nearby domestic wells screened in the same sand and gravel.Partly as a result of this conflict, legislation recently introduced into the state legislature would require that wells of higher preference be “reasonably” constructed if wells of lower preference are to be held liable for head loss.
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    “Influence of Well Water Quality Variability on Sampling Decisions and Monitoring,” by Harry I. Nightingale and William C. Bianchi (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb02601.x
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  • 196
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    WATER RESOURCES PUBLICATIONS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb02603.x
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    “Water Quality Trap Efficiency of Storm Water Management Basins,” by Richard H. McCuen (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb02602.x
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  • 198
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Books reviewed in this article:WASSIM Computer Simulation of Water Supply and Waste, Water Removal in High Population Density Areas, Gisela Morlock-RahnWater Chemistry, Vernon L. Snoeyink and David Jenkins.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb02604.x
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    LITIGATION and LEGISLATION (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb02605.x
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    HYDATA Water News and Views (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1981.tb02606.x
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