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  • Articles  (40)
  • Gas chromatography  (24)
  • phosphorus
  • photosynthesis
  • Springer  (40)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (40)
  • 1981  (40)
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  • Articles  (40)
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  • Springer  (40)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (60)
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  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (40)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 19-22 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Teflon columns ; Chemically modified teflon ; Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Wall-coated open tubular columns prepared from chemically modified teflon tubing have been developed for gas chromatography. Chemical reaction of the inner walls of teflon tubing allows bonding of an adhesive layer on which a variety of stationary phaes can be coated. Test mixtures of alkanes and alcohols were used to investigate the chromatographic properties of these columns and the stability and mixing of the adhesive and stationary phae layers. the results in dicate that mixing of the layers is negligible and that the column is stable for a long period of time.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 55-66 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Capillary columns, glass ; Gas chromatography ; Column preparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Kapillar-Gas-Chromatographie ist heute das sich am stärksten entwickelnde Gebiet der Gas-Chromatographie. Es gibt viele komplexe, neue Fragestellungen in der Analytik, welche den Einsatz spezieller Kapillarsäulen erfordem. Glücklicherweise gibt es aber auch eine große Zahl von Herstellungsverfahren für Kapillarsäulen, welche — noch mehr als bei der Herstellung von gepackten Säulen — eine Anpassung an die gestellten Aufgaben ermöglichen. In diesem Artikel werden die Herstellungsverfahren für Kapillarsäulen zusammengestellt und Anregungen gegeben, wie aufgaben-orientierte Säulen erreicht werden.
    Notes: Summary Glass capillary column chromatography is the most rapidly growing part of gas chromatography. There are many complex new analytical tasks and they require special capillary columns, Fortunately there is a wide range of column preparation methods available, and they make the preparation of glass capillary columns a more varied job than that of packed columns. In this paper these methods are reviewed and suggestions are given for making task-oriented columns.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Urea herbicides ; Catalytic hydrolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the rapid catalytic hydrolysis of phenylurea herbicides on silica gel at elevated temperatures. After derivatisation of the anilines produced with heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride final analysis is done on a gas chromatograph equipped with an electroncapture detector. Detection limits are in the 1–5 picogram range. The method has successfully been applied to residue analysis of water samples at the 1 ppb level. The determination of free anilines present in water samples and the potential of various techniques to be used to discriminate between free anilines and parent herbicides are also discussed.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Graphitised carbon black ; Phenols ; Water pllutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The fractionation of eleven phenols which may be contaminants in drinking water has been accomplished by using acid-washed graphitised carbon black modified with trimesic acid and PEG 20 M.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 447-451 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Headspace analysis ; Gas chromatography ; Residual analysis of polyethylene terephthalate ; Acetylene reduction assay ; Ethylene evolution in germinating seed ; Acetaldehyde generation in polyester resin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary New application areas for headspace gas chromatography in agricultural and polymer degradation research are described. Specific examples are drawn from the various forms of headspace analysis with emphasis on the automated static equilibrium method.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 87 (1981), S. 217-232 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Sitobion avenae ; Metopolophium dirhodum ; Cryptococcus laurentii var.flavescens ; Cladosporium spp. ; Sporobolomyces roseus ; Aureobasidium pullulans ; honeydew ; damage-threshold ; agein of leaves ; photosynthesis ; Entomophthora ; winter wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Laboratorium- en veldproeven over de schade door bladluizen in tarwe worden beschreven. Een analyse van de directe en indirecte effecten van bladluizen op de groei van het gewas werd verricht. In het laboratorium werd een duidelijk effect van honingdauw en gisten op de fotosynthese gevonden. Dit effect kon niet worden gedemonstreerd in het veld, hetgeen waarschijnlijk wordt veroorzaakt door de orde van grootte van dit effect dat valt binnen de meetfout van de gewasfotosyntheseapparatuur. Het effect van honingdauw op veroudering, dat in het laboratorium werd vastgesteld, kon ook worden aangetoond in het veld en is waarschijnlijk een van de hoofdoorzaken van de oogstverliezen. Deze oogstverliezen in het veld bedroegen 700 kg ha−1 bij een maximale dichtheid van 35 bladluizen per halm en werden voor 72% veroorzaakt door direct zuigsschade en honingdauweffecten. Van de totale schade werd 28% veroorzaakt door saprofytische en wellicht ook door enige necrotrofe schimmels. De precieze bijdrage van ieder van de schadefactoren tot de schade werd niet vastgesteld, maar de wijze waarop directe en indirecte effecten hun bijdrage leverden aan de uiteindelijke oogstverliezen werd zichtbaar gemaakt.
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory and field studies on aphid damage in wheat are described. Both direct and indirect effects of aphids on the behaviour of the crop were studied. In the laboratory a clear effect of honeydew and yeasts on photosynthesis was found. This effect could not be demonstrated under field conditions, since even at yield loss levels of 700 kg ha−1 the size of this effect may be undetectable with crop enclosures reaching an accuracy of 10%. The effect of honeydew on ageing, measured in the laboratory trials was also found in the field and may form a major cause of the yield losses found in the field. Yield losses under field conditions reached 700 kg ha−1 and were for 72% due to direct sucking damage of the 35 aphids, found maximally per culm, and direct and indirect honeydew effects. Saprophytic and possibly also some necrotrophic fungi caused 28% of the yield losses. The exact contribution of each of the damage factors was not revealed but it was demonstrated that direct and indirect effects contribute to the final yield losses.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 2 (1981), S. 259-268 
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: photosynthesis ; Psophocarpus tetragonolobus ; respiration ; root temperature ; transpiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe von zwei Methoden (Wachstumsanalysen ganzer Pflanzen und Gaswechselmessungen) wurde die Reaktion von Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC der Sorte ‘UPS 99’ auf Umwelteinflüsse ermittelt. 25°C war die optimale Temperatur für das Wurzelwachstum. Die Acetylenreduktionsrate (die Pflanzen waren geimpft worden mit Rhizobium ‘RRIM 56’) war am höchsten bei 30°C. 35°C waren notwendig für maximales Sproßwachstum. Der günstigste Wasserausnutzungskoeffizient lag bei ungefähr 33 (mg CO2·g H2O-1). Die Photosyntheseraten wurden durch Erhöhung der CO2-Konzentration gesteigert. Bei Konzentrationen über 900 vpm CO2 konnte allerdings keine weitere Steigerung mehr festgestellt werden. Bei 900 vpm CO2 waren die Transpirationsraten am niedrigsten. Unter normalen Bedingungen stellte sich der Lichtkompensationspunkt bei 1,7 klx ein. Der CO2-Kompensationspunkt lag bei 60 vpm CO2. Die Photorespiration verminderte die Photosynthese von P. tetragonolobus um 40%. Wasserstreß vergrößerte die Empfindlichkeit der Stomata gegenüber etwas erhöhten CO2-Konzentrationen (die Stomata schließen). Diese Empfindlichkeit war bis zu 5 Tagen nach der Streßbehandlung noch meßbar.
    Notes: Abstract Two methods (whole-plant growth analysis and gas exchange) were used to measure the response of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC cultivar ‘UPS 99’ to the environment. This plant had an optimal temperature for root growth of 25°C, its rate of acetylene reduction (when inoculated with Rhizobium, strain ‘RRIM 56’) was maximal at 30°C and it required an atmospheric temperature of about 35°C for optimal shoot growth. Maximum water-use efficiency was ca. 33 mg CO2·g H2O-1. The rate of photosynthesis reached a plateau at 900 vpm CO2-this condition also gave the lowest rate of transpiration. Under normal conditions, the light compensation point was at 1.7 klx, while that for CO2 was 60 vpm. Photorespiration diminished gross photosynthesis of P. tetragonolobus by forty percent. Water stress (as measured by sensitivity to slightly increased CO2 levels) caused rapid closure of stomata, and the response was ‘remembered’ for up to five days.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 2 (1981), S. 85-94 
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: Chenopodium polyspermum ; CO2 exchange ; long and short photoperiod ; photorespiration ; phytochrome ; respiration ; photosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On étudie l'effet d'une variation de photopériode sur les échanges de CO2 de Chenopodium polyspermum. Les plantes reçoivent la même quantité d'énergie utilisable par la photosynthèse, l'allongement de la photopériode étant obtenu par addition au cours de la nuit de lumière rouge de faible intensité. Un changement de photopériode affecte à court terme le déroulement de la chute de respiration en début de ‘nuit’ ainsi que la mise en route de la photosynthèse le jour suivant. Une variation de traitement photopériodique modifie l'efficience de la photosynthèse: la pente de la courbe de photosynthèse en fonction du CO2 est plus élevée après un jour court. Cet effet n'est pas dú à une variation de résistance stomatique. L'action de la concentration en oxygène de l'air sur la photosynthèse (effet Warburg) est également affectée par le traitement photopériodique: elle est moins importante après un jour long qu'après un jour court. On discute l'influence éventuelle du phytochrome sur l'efficience de la photosynthèse et la photorespiration.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of a shift from a long to a short photoperiod on CO2 exchange of Chenopodium polyspermum was studied. Equal quantities of photosynthetic energy were given daily to the plants, long photoperiods being produced by low intensity red light extension. A change in the photoperiod was shown to affect the pattern of CO2 loss at the beginning of the night period and the onset of CO2 intake at the beginning of day time. These events seem to be under phytochrome control. The photoperiod had an effect on the slope of the CO2 curve of photosynthesis, efficiency of photosynthesis being increased after a short day. This effect was not due to a variation in the stomatal resistance. The action of O2 concentration on photosynthesis (Warburg effect) was affected by the photoperiodic treatment, being less important after a long day than after a short day. Involvement of phytochrome in photosynthetic efficiency and photorespiration is discussed.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 2 (1981), S. 213-223 
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: photosynthesis ; photorespiration ; leaf development ; apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A comprehensive developmental survey of leaf area, chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, leaf resistance, transpiration ratio, CO2 compensation point and photorespiration was conducted in apple. The largest changes in each of the photosynthetic characteristics studied took place during the earliest stages of leaf development, coinciding with the period of greatest leaf expansion and chlorophyll synthesis. During early development, photosynthesis increased 5-fold, reaching a maximum rate of 40 mg CO2 dm-2 hr-1 at a leaf plastochron index (LPI) of 10. During this same period, leaf resistance, transpiration ratio, CO2 compensation point and mesophyll resistance decreased, while carboxylation efficiency increased. Two especially interesting aspects of the data discussed are simultaneous changes that occur at a LPI of 10 and 12 in all of the photosynthetic characteristics examined and an apparent decrease in photorespiration as leaves age. From our results it is clear that stage of leaf development is an important factor affecting the rate of photosynthesis and photorespiration.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 247-252 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum boeoticum ; wild einkorn ; Triticum monococcum ; einkorn ; water stress ; leaf water potential ; photosynthesis ; domestication ; adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A comparative study of photosynthetic response to water stress was conducted with one genotype of wild einkorn (Triticum boeoticum, W) and one of domesticated einkorn (T. monococcum, C). Per unit leaf area, W showed a better performance for photosynthetic and transpiration activities, even under dry air and dry soil conditions. Its leaf water potential was always higher than that of C at any level of soil water potential. The difference in photosynthetic recovery from severe drought between W and C was also obvious. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water status of the leaves observed at 20 h after rewatering was almost the same as non-stressed leaves in W, whereas in C the photosynthetic rate was about half that of the non-stressed leaves, which was accompanied with a low transpiration rate and a high gas diffusion resistance. The ability of W to maintain a proper water balance over a wide range of soil water potential and to recover rapidly from severe drought seems to be a result of adaptation to its hard habitats. However, under favourable water supply, the photosynthetic rate per unit leaf nitrogen was higher in C than in W. This may be advantageous to bring about a better plant growth than W on the arable land where the improved water supply is guaranteed.
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