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  • Spektralphotometrie  (24)
  • Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde  (22)
  • Springer  (46)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Nature Publishing Group
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  • 1980-1984  (46)
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  • 1940-1944
  • 1981  (46)
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  • Springer  (46)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Nature Publishing Group
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  • 2015-2019
  • 2000-2004
  • 1980-1984  (46)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 305 (1981), S. 413-414 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Nitroparaffinen, prim. ; Spektralphotometrie ; Überf. in Hydroxamsäuren, Vanadium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 2
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 306 (1981), S. 125-128 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Antimon mit Triphenyltetrazoliumchlorid ; Spektralphotometrie ; Extraktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The optimum conditions for the antimony(V) extraction in strong hydrochloride acid medium as a ternary ion-associated complex with triphenyltetrazolium chloride have been investigated. The extraction constant has been determined with dichlorethene and chloroform (1∶1) (K ex =3.06×104). A working procedure for the determination of antimony has been developed. Interferences are only caused by iron(III), gold(III), thallium(III) and gallium. The application of the method is demonstrated by the analysis of metallic lead, which has also been carried out with two other methods (AAS and spectrophotometry with crystal violet). The new method is superior in reliability and accuracy. The relative standard deviation of the mean is ± 7.4%.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die optimalen Bedingungen für die Extraktion von Antimon aus stark salzsaurer Lösung als Ionenanlagerungskomplex mit Triphenyltetrazoliumchlorid wurden bestimmt. Die Extraktionskonstante bei Extraktion mit einer Dichlorethan-Chloroform-Mischung (1∶1) beträgt (K ex =3,06·104). Für die Antimonbestimmung wurde eine entsprechende Methode ausgearbeitet. Nur Fe(II), Au(III), Tl(III) und Ga(III) stören. Die Anwendung der Methode wurde an Hand der Analyse von metallischem Blei demonstriert, die zusätzlich auch nach zwei anderen Methoden (AAS und Spektralphotometrie mit Kristallviolett) durchgeführt wurde. Die neue Methode ist in bezug auf Zuverlässigkeit und Genauigkeit überlegen. Die relative Standardabweichung des Mittelwertes beträgt ± 7,4%.
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  • 3
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 306 (1981), S. 129-135 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kobalt in Cyanocobalamin, Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie ; 5-Brom-PADAP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine empfindliche und selektive spektralphotometrische Kobaltbestimmung (〈0,9 μg ml−1) ist mit 2-(5-Brom-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Brom-PADAP) auf Grund des kinetisch stabilen Co(III)L 2 − -Chelates möglich, das nach seiner Bildung bei pH 7 (Ammoniumacetat) in Gegenwart von 0,1% Triton X-100, 5,10−3 M Ammoniumperoxodisulfat und 10% (v/v) Dimethylformamid (auch nach Zugabe von 1,25 M H2SO4, 1,80 M HNO3 oder auch 0,1–0,01 M EDTA) stabil ist. Eine Reihe von 5-Brom-PADAP-Chelaten störender Ionen werden dabei zersetzt. V(V), Hg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Pd2+ können stören. Die Kobaltbestimmung in Cyanocobalamin und auch Trinkwasser ist auf diesem Wege möglich. Die Fehler lagen im Bereich von — 3 bis — 7 % (1,8–9 μg Co/l).
    Notes: Summary A sensitive and selective determination of cobalt (〈0.9 μg ml−1) with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Bromo-PADAP) is carried out at pH7 in the presence of ammonium acetate buffer, 5×10−3M ammonium peroxodisulphate, 0.1% Triton X-100 and 10% (v/v) dimethylformamide. The kinetically inert Co(III)L 2 − chelate, if once formed at pH 7 is stable over a broad pH interval for a certain period (in 1.25 M H2SO4, 1.80 M HNO3 or 0.1–0.01 M EDTA, where many other 5-Bromo-PADAP chelates are destroyed). V(V), Hg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Pd2+ can interfere. Determination of cobalt in cyanocobalamine and potable waters is possible in this way. Errors are between — 3 and — 7% (1.8–9 μg Co/l).
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  • 4
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 306 (1981), S. 401-401 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Niob in Stahl ; Spektralphotometrie ; Sulfobenzolazodihydroxypyridin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 5
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 218-220 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Alkaliionen an Protein, Biolog. Material ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 201-205 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde ; Beeinflussung anorg. Folien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 7
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 224-228 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Muskelgewebe ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A technique is described to obtain shockfrozen tissue specimens from a beating heart in situ using liquid propane as cooling agent. The method allows to take up to 8 samples from the ischemic area of the left ventricle of a pig heart following acute coronary artery occlusion. A freeze-drying apparatus was developed in which, under a vacuum of 10−6 mm Hg, the specimens remain for 10 days with the temperature slowly rising from initially −100
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  • 8
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 234-238 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Fluor in Zahngewebe ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 9
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 239-245 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Uran in Algen ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde ; Dunaliella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 253-257 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Untersuchungen von Mycobakterien ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde
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  • 11
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 270-273 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde ; Spektren, Gleichgewichtsmodell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 12
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 309-311 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Organ. Molekülen ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde ; elektronenstrahl-geschÄdigte Filme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 13
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 297-303 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Polymeren ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Positive and negative ion spectra of various industrially important polymers were recorded using the Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis (LAMMA) technique. Using methods developed in earlier work [1] we interpret the ions as being generated from the polymer backbone or pendant sidechain functional groups. Results are given for polypropylene, polyacrylamide, polystyrene, polycaprolactam (Nylon 6) and polydimethylsiloxane. Mass patterns are analyzed and compared to the previous work.
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  • 14
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 258-259 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Bazillen ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 15
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 274-279 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Mikroanalyse von mineral. Fasern, Asbest, Glasfasern ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Analysis of asbestos and glass fibers obtained by either environmental sampling or after longer periods of deposition in human and animal tissue revealed that the latter undergo changes of their chemical composition. Electron microscopy and LAMMA were used in these investigations. The extent of fiber dissolution could be assessed. Some fibers remained chemically unchanged. In certain fibers only some elements were partially leached out whereas in other fibers the majority of metallic elements were eluted.
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  • 16
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 283-286 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Untersuchung von Holzschutzmitteln ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde ; Verteilung in der Zellwand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The “Laser Microprobe Mass Analyzer” (LAMMA) proved to be a useful instrument for element localization in single wood cells treated with preservatives. The relative concentration of elements occurring within the cell wall can also be determined. Even those with low mass numbers, namely boron and fluorine, are identifiable. In this respect, LAMMA-analysis is preferable to electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Poles treated with CCF- or CCB-preservatives exhibit an overall gradient of ion concentration across the sapwood. Chromium becomes more strongly fixed in the wall than copper. Relative to these elements boron becomes rather irregulary distributed. Moreover, the adsorption of fluorine is considerably low.
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  • 17
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 304-308 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von AminosÄuren, Peptiden ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 18
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 312-320 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Metallorganoverbindungen ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary LAMMA spectrometry allows to study many kinds of insoluble and non volatile organometallic compounds. The mass peak of the positive part of such molecules can be seen in positive LAMMA spectra. It is possible at times to quickly verify the coordinance degree of metal. At last, by LAMMA spectrometry, it is even possible to describe some very intricate systems such as asphaltenes.
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  • 19
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 431-433 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Proteinen ; Spektralphotometrie ; Gegenwart von Dodecylsulfat und Mercaptoethanol, modif. Biuretmethode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The biuret method was modified to tolerate the presence of 100 mg of SDS and 21 mg of ME in a sample volume of 500 μl. The modification concerns in particular the concentrations of copper sulphate and sodium citrate, an addition of propanol-2 for preventing precipitation of SDS and use of H2O2 for oxidizing ME. The determination of SDS-soluble proteins in starch-containing solutions is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Weiterentwicklung der „SDS-Biuretmethode“ [15] wird beschrieben. Die Modifikation betrifft hauptsächlich die Konzentrationen von Kupfersulfat und Natriumcitrat, einen Zusatz von Propanol-2 zur Verhinderung einer Fällung von SDS sowie die Verwendung von H2O2 zur Oxidation von ME. Die Methode toleriert bis zu 100 mg SDS und 21 mg ME im eingesetzten Probenvolumen (500 μl). Eine Möglichkeit zur Durchführung der Bestimmung in Gegenwart von Stärke wird beschrieben und diskutiert.
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  • 20
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 309 (1981), S. 400-400 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Trichlorfluormethan in Luft ; Spektralphotometrie ; Pyridin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 21
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 309 (1981), S. 373-376 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Nickel ; Spektralphotometrie ; Verbesserung der Nachweisgrenze, Chromatographie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Als Nachweisgrenze für das extraktiv-photometrische Bestimmungsverfahren von Nickel mit Pyridin-2-aldehyd-2-chinolylhydrazon (PAC) wurden als Absolutmenge 195 ng Ni ermittelt. Nach der dünnschicht-chromatographischen Abtrennung des PAC-Überschusses an Kieselgel mit Aceton kann die Nachweisgrenze auf 34 ng Ni verringert werden. Die Messungen erfolgen in Mikroküvetten in Benzol bei 515 nm; der Zeitbedarf für eine Bestimmung beträgt etwa 1 h. Die Techniken der Säulen- und Dünnschicht-Chromatographie (DC) werden miteinander verglichen; mit der DC ist der Zeitaufwand geringer. Es wird über die Analysenergebnisse in synthetischen Lösungen berichtet; eine Anwendung des Verfahrens z.B. für Nickel-Spurenanalysen in Lebensmitteln ist möglich, da das störende Eisen ebenfalls abgetrennt wird.
    Notes: Summary The determination limit in extractive spectrophotometric analysis of nickel with pyridine-2-aldehyde-2-quinolylhydrazone (PAC) was found to be 195 ng Ni (absolute amount of Ni). After separation of excess PAC by thin-layer chromatography on silicagel with acetone the determination limit can be lowered down to 34 ng. The measurements are carried out in microcuvettes in benzene at 515 nm, the time for one analyses being about 1 h. Column and thin-layer chromatographic techniques are compared; using TLC the necessary time is shorter. Results of analyses in synthetic solutions are discussed; an application of the procedure e.g. in Ni trace analysis in foodstuffs is possible, for interfering iron can be separated by TLC too.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Rhenium ; Spektralphotometrie ; Thiocyanat u. Imipramin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 23
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 309 (1981), S. 386-390 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Formaldehyd ; Spektralphotometrie ; automatisiert
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die photometrische Bestimmung von Formaldehydmit der Acetylaceton-Methodewurde automatisiert. Dazu wurden Bausteine der Flüssigkeits-Chromatographie verwendet. Der Zeitbedarf je Bestimmung beträgt 1–2 min, der Variationskoeffizient beträgt 0,1–0,2%. Je nach Ausführungsform können 0,1–200 mg/l Formaldehyd bestimmt werden.
    Notes: Summary The photometric determination of formaldehyde by means of the acetylacetone method is automated. For this purpose component parts of liquid chromatography are used. The time demand for one determination is 1–2 min, the variation coefficient is 0.1–0.2%. With two variations of the device concentrations from 0.1–200 mg/l formaldehyde can be determined.
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  • 24
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 309 (1981), S. 401-402 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von α-Ketoglutarsäure ; Spektralphotometrie ; Diaz. Aminobenzoesäure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 305 (1981), S. 26-28 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Wasser in organ. Lösungsmitteln ; Spektralphotometrie ; Pyridiniumphenolbetain, 2-Parameter-Gleichung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein neues Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Wasser in organischen Lösungsmitteln (auch in Spuren) wird beschrieben. Die Solvatochromie des Pyridiniumphenolbetains E T30, die über eine einfach auszuführende UV-Absorptionsmessung bestimmt wird, ermöglicht zusammen mit einer zwei-Parameter-Gleichung eine exakte Wasserbestimmung in organischen Lösungsmitteln als Schnelltest und stellt damit eine Alternative zur Karl-Fischer-Titration dar.
    Notes: Summary A new procedure for the determination of water (even in trace amounts) in organic solvents is described. The solvatochromism of the pyridiniumphenol betaine, E T30, determined by a simple UV-absorption measurement, together with a two-parameter equation, permits an exact determination. The procedure is rapid and is, therefore, an alternative to the Karl-Fischer titration.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 305 (1981), S. 287-288 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Phosphorsäurephenylesterdiamid in Düngemitteln ; Spektralphotometrie ; neben Zusatzstoffen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 27
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 305 (1981), S. 374-378 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Thorium in Gesteinen, Zement, Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie ; Spuren, Extraktion mit Triphenylarsinoxid in Chloroform
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Thorium wird durch Extraktion mit Triphenylarsinoxid in CHCl3 und Rückextraktion mit 4 M HCl auf ein kleines Volumen konzentriert. Die Endbestimmung erfolgt spektralphotometrisch als Arsenazo-III-Komplex bei 660 nm in Mikroküvetten. Auf diese Weise konnte vor allem die Bestimmung von Spurenmengen Th wesentlich verbessert werden. 7 ng Th sind in bis zu 200 ml Ausgangslösung noch bestimmbar. Untersuchungen mit über 60 Kationen und etwa 20 Anionen zeigten, daß diese in weiten Grenzen nicht stören. U6+ wird zwar auch mitextrahiert, gibt aber in der salzsauren Rückextraktionslösung mit Arsenazo III einen etwa 15mal weniger lichtabsorbierenden Farbkomplex. Da aber Uran von den getesteten Kationen trotzdem am meisten stört und in Analysenproben das Th oft begleitet, werden weitere einfache Maßnahmen gezeigt, die einen bis zu ∼5000fachen Überschuß an Uran erlauben. Es wurde gefunden, daß auch die Seltenen Erden nicht stören und die zum Test verwendeten Seltenen Erd-Chemikalien Th enthalten. Bestimmungen in Standardgesteinen und Zementproben bestätigen die Anwendbarkeit der Methode.
    Notes: Summary Thorium is concentrated to a small volume by extraction with triphenylarsine oxide in chloroform and back extraction with 4M HCl. The spectrophotometric determination is then carried out in a micro cuvette using the absorption of the arsenazo III complex at 660 nm. By this procedure a sensitivity of 7 ng of Th in 200 ml solution can be achieved. About 60 cations and 20 anions were found not to cause interferences in a wide concentration range. The most disturbing element is U6+ which is coextracted, but leads to an arsenazo complex, which absorbs light at 660 nm about 15 times less than the Th complex. By simple measures, up to 5000 times higher U contents, as to Th, can be tolerated. Also the rare earths do not disturb the Th determination and it was found, that most rare earths chemicals, which were used for the tests, contained Th. The reliability of the method was confirmed by the analysis of standard rocks and by comparing the Th analyses of concrete samples with those obtained by neutron activation analysis.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 306 (1981), S. 400-400 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kupfer(II) ; Spektralphotometrie ; Citrat, EDTA
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  • 29
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 307 (1981), S. 128-128 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Molybdän(V) ; Spektralphotometrie ; Extraktion ; Thiocyanat ; Amidin
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  • 30
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 195-200 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde ; LAMMA 500, GerÄtebeschreibung
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 206-211 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde ; Folien u. Partikel
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 221-223 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kationen in Biolog. Material ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde ; Stria vascularis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary It was possible to maintain the differentiated structure of inner ear tissues by freezing in supercooled propane, freeze-drying under special conditions and embedding the tissue in a low viscosity resin. Using LAMMA we were able to measure intracellular ion concentration and concentration gradients in the soft tissues such as muscle and stria vascularis specimens. The preliminary results demonstrate that the distribution of cations in the lateral wall of the cochlear duct is not uniform. The K/Na ratio in the basal cells was significantly higher (12∶1) than in the spiral ligament and middle part of the stria vascularis (7∶1). Changes of such concentration ratios recorded after anoxia suggest that an energy dependent active transport mechanism must exist in the stria vascularis.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 305 (1981), S. 410-410 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Uran(VI) ; Spektralphotometrie ; Salicylaldimin-antipyrin
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 305 (1981), S. 415-416 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Metol ; Spektralphotometrie ; Phenol, Sauerstoff
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 306 (1981), S. 32-32 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Titan(IV) mit Lobelin ; Spektralphotometrie ; Thiocyanatkomplex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Uran in Referenzmaterialien ; Spektralphotometrie ; Ionenaustausch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A method is described for the highly accurate determination of trace amounts of uranium in standard reference materials. The uranium is separated from the bulk elements by anion-exchange chromatography, eluting most elements with 6 M hydrochloric acid and iron(III) with 0.5 M hydrochloric acid in 90% acetone. After elution of uranium with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid, residual traces of other elements are separated by a very selective cation-exchange procedure using a 3 g resin column. Finally the uranium is determined in the hexavalent state by spectrophotometry at 672 nm of its complex with chlorophosphonazo III at pH 1.1±0.2 in the presence of DTPA. Results are very accurate and precise even on a semi-routine basis. Relevant elution curves and results are presented for recovery tests and for the analysis of the 10 South African UREM standard materials.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Uran wird von den Hauptelementen durch Anionenaustausch abgetrennt, wobei die meisten Elemente mit GM HCl und Eisen(III) mit 0,5 M HCl in 90 %igem Aceton eluiert werden. Nach der Elution von Uran mit 0,1 M HCl werden die restlichen Spuren anderer Elemente durch ein selektives Kationenaustauschverfahren (3 g Harz) abgetrennt. Das Uran wird schließlich in der sechswertigen Form als Chlorphosphonazo-III-Komplex in Gegenwart von DTPA bei 672 nm (pH 1,1±0,2) spektralphotometrisch bestimmt. Selbst bei halbroutinemäßiger Ausführung werden sehr genaue Resultate erhalten (Wiederfindung 99,7–100%). Analysenergebnisse für 10 Südafrikanische Standardmaterialien werden angegeben.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 307 (1981), S. 194-196 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Uran(VI) in Extrakten ; Spektralphotometrie ; PAN
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The Spectrophotometric method for the determination of uranium(VI) in trialkylamine extracts using 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) as a colorimetric reagent has been examined. The Job and Mole Ratio methods suggest that the coloured product is a 1∶1 complex of uranium and PAN. The method can be applied to cover the concentration range 0 to 5 g uranium per litre of extract. Sulphate interference is eliminated in the method by removal with calcium ions before colour development. Interferences from other ions likely to be present in the aqueous liquor appear to arise largely from inhibition of the uranium partition into the amine phase.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Verfahren, bei dem ein Uran-PAN-Komplex der Zusammensetzung 1∶1 gebildet wird, kann für einen Konzentrationsbereich von 0 bis 5 g U pro l Extrakt eingesetzt werden. Eine Störung durch Sulfat wird durch dessen Entfernung mit Calciumionen vor der Farbentwicklung verhindert. Störungen durch andere Ionen werden hauptsächlich durch Beeinflussung der Uranextraktion hervorgerufen.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 32-32 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von EDTA in Harn ; Spektralphotometrie ; 4-Aminoantipyrin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 39
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 307 (1981), S. 373-377 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Phosphor in Phosphormineralien ; Spektralphotometrie ; Flow-injection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Based on the flow injection principle and by using small sample volumes and splitting of the colorimeter output, a good reliable and reproducible method for the determination of P2O5 in phosphate rock covering the range of 0–40% on a routine basis was achieved. The system described is suitable for the routine analysis of P2O5 in the prepared phosphate rock samples at a rate of approximately 90 samples per hour with a coefficient of variation of better than 1%.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein zuverlässiges und gut reproduzierbares Verfahren wurde ausgearbeitet, das routinemäßig für den Bereich von 0–40% geeignet ist und auf dem Flow-injection-Prinzip bei kleinen Probevolumina und Splitting des Colorimeter-Output beruht. Etwa 90 Proben können pro Stunde analysiert werden (Variationskoeffizient besser als 1%).
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Nifuroxim und Furazolidon nebeneinander ; Spektralphotometrie ; Orthogonal-funktionen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The orthogonal function method has been applied to the simultaneous determination of nifuroxime and furazolidone in admixture without the need of preliminary separation. Two procedures are proposed. The first one involves measurement of a suitable solution of the mixture in the range from 309 nm to 359 nm with 10 nm intervals to determine nifuroxime, and in the range from 345 nm to 395 nm with 10 nm intervals to determine furazolidone. The second procedure involves determination of either components through measurement at the previously mentioned wavelength range while the absorbance of the partner component is measured at its λmax; correction of interference is carried out using an calculated absorbance ratio. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of market preparations and further application for routine analysis is recommended. Recoveries were in general between 97% and 102%.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Durch Anwendung von Orthogonalfunktionen können Nifuroxim und Furazolidon in einem Gemisch nebeneinander ohne vorausgehende Trennung bestimmt werden. Zwei verschiedene Verfahren werden vorgeschlagen. Bei dem einen erfolgen die Messungen für Nifuroxim im Bereich von 309 bis 359 nm in Intervallen von 10 nm und für Furazolidon von 345 bis 395 ebenfalls im 10 nm-Abstand. Beim zweiten Verfahren wird einer der Bestandteile bei den genannten Wellenlängen gemessen, während die Extinktion des anderen Bestandteils beim Absorptions-maximum gemessen wird. Die Korrektur für die Störung erfolgt über das berechnete Extinktionsverhältnis. Beide Verfahren wurden erfolgreich bei Handelsprodukten angewendet und werden für Routinebestimmungen empfohlen. Wiederfindungsraten lagen im allgemeinen zwischen 97 und 102%.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 229-233 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Identifizierung von Atomen, Molekülen in Haut ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde ; med. Behandlung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 42
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 212-217 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Biolog. Material ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde ; Standards, Isotopenmarkierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Besides a remarkably high sensitivity for light elements, laser microprobe mass spectroscopy offers two main advantages for microprobe analysis: 1) the possibility to obtain data of relatively high precision and 2) the ability to discriminate isotopes. This opens the possibility to use cold isotopes as atomic labels to study cellular or subcellular kinetics of ions or labelled organic compounds. In this study photoreceptor cells were labelled with 44Ca2+ prior to LAMMA analysis to monitor Ca2+ uptake and/or Ca2+ accumulation from extracellular sources into intracellular compartments such as the various pigment granula present in these photoreceptors. As in other microprobe techniques also LAMMA analysis requires internal standards for quantitative work. For this purpose thin films of inorganic material were shown to be useful standards when deposited (in vacuum) directly onto the specimen to be analyzed. Some metals and dielectrica have been tested for their possible suitability for standardisation procedures. Even though metals like Pt, Ag, Au, Al are excellent for thin film production, they seem to be less useful for the present purpose because their threshold for laser induced perforation and ion production is rather different from that of the specimen material. However, thin film deposits of some dielectric materials such as MgF2 turned out to be more suitable to serve as an internal standard for plastic embedded biological material in LAMMA analysis.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 249-252 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Untersuchung von Flechten ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 260-269 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Untersuchung von Aerosolen ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 280-282 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Mikroanalyse von Boden ; Massenspektrometrie, Lasermikrosonde ; Dünnschliffe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Experiments with a LAMMA-500 instrument were performed in order to test whether or not thin sections of soils with a thickness of more than 15 Μm could be analysed with this instrument. Although the usual thickness of the specimens for this instrument lies between 0.1–1 Μm, it was possible to analyse such thick sections by application of laser milling in which the laser beam was aimed at grazing incidence onto the edge of the section. In this way a path was cleared through the section by erosion and the material that sputtered away along this path could be analysed.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 441-444 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von binären Flüssigkeitsgemischen, Best. von Wasser in Organ. Lösungsmitteln ; Spektralphotometrie ; solvatochrome Farbstoffe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein neues Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Zusammensetzung binärer Flüssigkeitsgemische mit Hilfe solvatochromer Farbstoffe wird beschrieben. Die Analyse erfolgt durch einfache UV/VIS-Absorptionsmessung und ist unter Verwendung einer Zwei-Parameter-Gleichung ein exakter Schnelltest.
    Notes: Summary A new procedure for the determination of the composition of binary liquid mixtures by the use of solvatochromic dyes is described. The analysis, which consists of a simple UV/VIS absorption measurement in combination with a two parameter equation, provides an exact and rapid test.
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