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  • Hymenoptera
  • Turbulence
  • phosphorus
  • Springer  (19)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Springer International Publishing
  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (19)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1981  (19)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (19)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Springer International Publishing
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3)
Years
  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (19)
  • 1970-1974
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 909-917 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trichogramma pretiosum ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; biological control ; kairomone ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; host density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Trichogramma pretiosum Riley females exhibit success-motivated searching after oviposition. The stimulatory effect of contact with host eggs makes host-egg density an important factor in determining the appropriate strategy for behavioral manipulation, using kairomones, that simulate host seeking, in biological control programs. Host eggs can be used, in conjunction with kairomones or by themselves, to improve the performance of these important beneficial insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987616
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The flower biology ofCephalanthera longifolia (Orchidaceae)—pollen imitation and facultative floral mimicry (1981)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 137 (1981), S. 229-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Orchidaceae ; Cephalanthera longifolia ; Cistaceae ; Cistus salviifolius ; Hymenoptera ; Halictus ; Flower biology and ecology ; pollination ; pollen imitation ; floral mimicry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Solitary bees (Halictus sp.) were found to be the effective pollinators ofCephalanthera longifolia. In the same foraging flight the bees also visit flowers ofCistus salviifolius which has a similar colour pattern.Cephalanthera offers no reward to its pollinators, but orange papillae on its labellum successfully imitate pollen ofCistus. AsCephalanthera also attracts pollinators in the absence ofCistus, this is regarded as “facultative floral mimicry”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982788
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue Beobachtungen zur Bestäubung vonOphrys (Orchidaceae) in Südspanien, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des FormenkreisesOphrys fusca agg. (1981)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 137 (1981), S. 241-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Orchidaceae ; Ophrys ; Hymenoptera ; Apoidea ; Scoliidae ; Sphecidae ; solitary bees ; Pollination ; pseudocopulation ; isolating mechanisms ; plant mimicry ; Flora of southern Spain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An investigation of pseudocopulation behaviour in species ofOphrys from southern Spain confirms the close relationship betweenCampsoscolia ciliata (Scoliidae) andOphrys speculum, and betweenEucera nigrilabris (Apoidea) andOphrys tenthredinifera. It could be demonstrated thatEucera barbiventris is the pollinator ofOphrys scolopax subsp.scolopax, whereas other species ofEucera andTetralonia which are active at the same time show no interest at all for the flowers of this species. Special attention was paid to the forms of the taxonomically confusedOphrys fusca group:O. fusca s. str.,O. iricolor, O. omegaifera andO. atlantica. WhileO. fusca s. str. is widespread, small-flowered and has late anthesis,O. iricolor has very large flowers and early anthesis. Each of the four members ofO. fusca agg. in S. Spain is pollinated by a different bee, and selective experiments show that each of these four species of bees is specifically attracted only to one of theOphrys species:Andrena flavipes is the pollinator ofO. fusca s. str.,Colletes cunicularius infuscatus ofO. iricolor, Anthophora atroalba ofO. omegaifera, andChalicodoma parietina ofO. atlantica. These four pollinators belong to 4 different bee families (Andrenidae, Colletidae, Anthophoridae, Megachilidae). As this type of pollination represents a very effective pregamic isolation mechanism, these four taxa ofOphrys fusca agg., at least in southern Spain, behave and should be regarded as genuine species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982789
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral element content in Ulva lactuca L. with reference to eutrophication in Hong Kong coastal waters (1981)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 77 (1981), S. 43-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Eutrophication ; pollution indicator ; mineral element ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; Ulva lactuca ; Hong Kong
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The amounts of tissue nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium and iron were estimated in the green alga Ulva lactuca L. collected from 9 rural and 14 urban littoral sites in the waters around Hong Kong Island during 1978 and 1979. The mean levels of tissue nitrogen and phosphorus were respectively 65% and 87% more in urban sites than in rural ones. Very significant correlation (r = 0.920) was found between the logarithmic concentration of seawater inorganic nitrogen and that of tissue nitrogen. The same applied to soluble reactive phosphorus in seawater and tissue phosphorus (r = 0.886). The levels of potassium, sodium and calcium in the alga were relatively uniform. However considerable variation in the level of iron was detected. The potential use of Ulva as an indicator species for eutrophication is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006386
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of urbanization on seasonal hydrologic and nutrient budgets of a small North American watershed (1981)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 77 (1981), S. 87-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Urbanization ; hydrologic budget ; nutrient budget ; seasonal budget ; nitrogen ; phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Present day hydrologic and nutrient budgets have been measured and presettlement budgets estimated for a small urban watershed in Madison, Wisconsin. The importance of different seasons and sources to the total loading were compared for past and present conditions. The seasonal budget revealed that while spring contributes the greatest loadings in both scenarios, summer exhibits the greatest change in loadings from past to present. As for sources this seepage lake receives most of its water and N from groundwater; however, most P comes from surface runoff. The greatest impact on the watershed since settlement appears to be the large increase in runoff matched by a decrease in evapotranspiration and subsurface flow. This shift in hydrology is largely responsible for the substantial increase in P loading and the decrease in the N : P ratio of total loading. The significance of the lake's modified morphometry to areal and volumetric loading is also explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006393
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential impact of size-selective planktivory on phosphorus release by zooplankton (1981)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 80 (1981), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: phosphorus ; zooplankton ; size-selective predation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory model of phosphorus release by Daphnia rosea was implemented for published zooplankton data from lakes characterized by different abundances of size-selective planktivores. Size-selective feeding reduces average prey size and increases P release per unit biomass. At the system level, decreased prey standing crop associated with higher planktivore abundance could balance the size dependent increase in P release rate. However, estimates of both net reduction and net increase in rate of P release from zooplankton resulted from model application. Size-selective feeding might be important not only in energetic or evolutionary relationships between predator and prey but also in determination of the relative importance of different pathways of phosphorus flow through pelagic systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008432
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    The effects of varying culture nitrogen and phosphorus levels on nutrient uptake and storage by the waterhyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms (1981)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 85 (1981), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Eichhornia crassipes ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; nutrient uptake ; nutrient storage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The uptake of nitrogen (N) by waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was maximal when the culture solution contained a combination of 36 ppm N and 6,53 ppm phosphorus (P). N uptake was inhibited by increasing P or decreasing N in the culture medium. Uptake of P was stimulated by the elevation of either N or P or both. An increase of P above O ppm inhibited the accumulation of N. Similarly, the accumulation of P was enhanced by increasing levels of P but was reduced with increasing levels of N. Both N and P levels were always greatest in leaves; next highest in floats and lowest in roots. High tissue levels of these two nutrients and the capacity for nutrient removal from water by waterhyacinth indicates a possible role for this plant in the reduction of eutrophication in nutrient polluted waters as well as the use of harvested, dried tissue for fertilizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011341
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects: X. Laboratory studies on manipulation of host-finding behavior ofTrichogramma pretiosum riley1 with a kairomone extracted fromHeliothis zea (boddie) moth scales (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 635-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Kairomone ; parasitoids ; biological control ; Trichogramma pretiosum ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogramma tidae ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noeturidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The behavioral response ofTrichogramma pretiosum Riley females to the kairomone found inHeliothis zea (Boddie) moth scales is examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987711
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Field and electroantennogram responses of the red-headed pine sawfly,Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch), to optical isomers of sawfly sex pheromones (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1063-1072 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Red-headed pine sawfly ; Neodiprion lecontei ; Hymenoptera ; Tenthredinidae ; electroantennogram ; field tests ; sex pheromone ; 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-yl acetate ; 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-yl propionate ; optical isomers ; enantiomers ; esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sawfly sex pheromones, the acetate and propionate esters of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol, were field tested for activity towardNeodiprion lecontei (Fitch). Only the acetate form of the 2S,3S,7S isomer was active. Field catch decreased with the addition of the 2S,3R,7(R/S) acetate isomer sample. Electroantennogram recordings showed a positive correlation between response and degree to which the chirality of each isomer resembled the attractive isomer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987628
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Allelochemics and nutritional indices for larch sawfly,Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig): A specialist feeding onLarix spp. (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 165-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Larch sawfly ; Pristiphora erichsonii ; Hymenoptera ; Tenthredinidae ; Larix laricina ; Larix russica ; Larix decidua ; Larix kaempferi ; nutritional indices ; feeding behavior ; abietic acid ; antifeedant allelochemics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Nutritional indices for larch sawfly,Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), larvae fed single and tufted needles of fourLarix spp. are reported. Larvae offered only single needles ofL. lancina, L. russica, andL. decidua had lower relative growth rates than larvae fed tufted needles of the same species. There was no significant reduction in larval growth for larvae fedL. kaempferi single needles as compared to tufted needles. Abietic acid-treated foliage reduced consumption but did not lower relative growth rate. These findings are discussed with respect to the mechanism of preferential feeding of the larch sawfly and current hypotheses of host plant herbivore interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988644
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Host location inOlesicampe monticola, a parasite of larvae of larch sawflyCephalcia lariciphila (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Olesicampe monticola ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Cephalcia lariciphila ; Pamphiliidae ; parasitism ; kairomone ; biological control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In the laboratory, ovipositor probing in mated femaleOlesicampe monticola was elicited by freshCephalcia lariciphila frass but not by aged frass or freshly spun larval silk. Second instar sawfly larvae andLarix needles also elicited a low level of ovipositor probing. Extracts of frass in dichloromethane, but not hexane, were also active. No difference in response was found to frass fromC. lariciphila larvae fed on three varieties ofLarix, (L. kaempferi, L. decidua andL. × eurolepis).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988648
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  • 12
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    Chemistry of the Dufour's gland secretions of North American andrenid bees (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 453-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Bees ; exocrine product ; mass spectrometry ; terpenoid esters ; phylogeny ; nesting biology ; Dufour's gland ; Andrena ; Hymenoptera ; Andrenidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The volatile components of the Dufour's gland secretions were examined in 22 Nearctic species of andrenid bees representing 10 subgenera. Farnesyl hexanoate was the dominant component in the secretion of 17 species. In others, various terpenoid esters such as geranyl octanoate, farnesyl octanoate and geranylgeranyl octanoate were the major components. Approximately 30 compounds have been identified in the secretions; many are newly identified in andrenid bees. Three different groups of secretions are discerned with “exceptions.” A discussion of the possible function of the Dufour's gland secretion in the biology of, and its use in, the systematics of these bees is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00995768
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Alleviation of α-tomatine-induced toxicity to the parasitoid,Hyposoter exiguae, by phytosterols in the diet of the host,Heliothis zea (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 927-946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Host-plant resistance ; α-tomatine ; sterols ; sterol esters ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; parasitoids ; Hyposoter exiguae ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; secondary compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The solitary, endoparasitic ichneumonid,Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck) is a parasitoid of the tomato fruitworm,Heliothis zea (Boddie). However, the parasitoid is deleteriously affected by the tomato glycoalkaloid, α-tomatine, ingested from hosts (H. zea) fed on artificial diets or semipurified extracts of tomato plants that contained α-tomatine. α-Tomatine causes prolonged larval development; disruption or prevention of pupal eclosion; deformation of antennal, abdominal, and genital structures; and reduction in adult weight and longevity of the parasitoid. These toxic effects are exacerbated when the dietary dose of α-tomatine is increased from 12 μmol to 20 μmol/g dry wt of diet. However, the toxicity of α-tomatine is attenuated in parasitoids reared from hosts fed on artificial diets that contain equimolar or supramolar amounts of 3β-OH-sterols admixed with α-tomatine. Further, the toxicity of extracts from the foliage of different cultivars of tomatoes toH. exiguae is contingent upon the composite levels of α-tomatine and total phytosterol (free and esterified). Cultivars with a low total sterol-tomatine ratio are more toxic toH. exiguae. The possible mode of action of α-tomatine toxicity toH. exiguae by disruption of sterol metabolism is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987618
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  • 14
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    Chemical communication in the primitive antAneuretus simoni: The role of the sternal and pygidial glands (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1023-1033 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aneuretus simoni ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; chemical communication ; sternal gland ; pygidial gland ; alarm pheromone ; trail pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Trail and alarm communication inAneuretus simoni are mediated by the secretions of the sternal and pygidial glands, respectively. The sternal gland is composed of a glandular epithelium and an associated reservoir located in the 7th sternum. This gland produces a relatively long-lived mass recruitment pheromone. The pygidial gland opens between the 6th and 7th tergites and produces a secretion that releases aggressive alarm. The evolution of glandular physiology in the Aneuretinae and Dolichoderinae are discussed in view of these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987624
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  • 15
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    Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1057-1061 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Microplitis croceipes ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae parasitoids ; kairomones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In laboratory experiments conducted to compare the kairomonal activity forMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson) of frass fromHeliothis zea (Boddie) larvae fed on different host plants,M. croceipes females responded to extracts of frass from larvae reared on cotton or soybeans but not on corn. The lack of response to frass from larvae reared on corn was shown to be a result of a lack of some appropriate chemical(s) in the corn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987627
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  • 16
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    The effect of external noise in the Lorenz model of the Bénard problem (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 24 (1981), S. 345-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Turbulence ; Lorenz model ; random behavior of nonlinear differential equations ; response to external random forces ; dynamic correlation and response functions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of external random forces on the static and dynamic behavior of the Lorenz model is investigated. Results of a numerical calculation in the conductive, convective, and turbulent regimes are reported. The properties of static and time-dependent correlation functions of the three degrees of freedom of the model are analyzed for varying strength of the external noise level and compared with the behavior of the unforced system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01013305
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  • 17
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    Nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in hot desert streams of Southwestern U.S.A. (1981)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 83 (1981), S. 303-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: nitrogen ; phosphorus ; streams ; deserts ; nutrient limitation ; production ; Arizona
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen to phosphorus ratios and concentrations of nitrate and soluble reactive phosphate are presented for an array of Southwestern streams as evidence that nitrogen is the limiting nutrient where such limitation occurs. Nitrate uptake in sections of intermittent streams was attributable to autotrophic activity. Uptake of soluble reactive phosphate was unrelated to any indicator of autotrophic activity, thus concentrations of this nutrient in desert and semi-desert stream waters may be controlled by other factors.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008281
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  • 18
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    Mineral composition of Phragmites australis in Scottish lochs as related to eutrophication. I. Seasonal changes in organs (1981)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 85 (1981), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: chemical composition ; eutrophication ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; Phragmites australis ; Scottish lochs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Monthly levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and iron in the organs (root, rhizome, stem, leaf and panicle) of Phragmites australis were determined from March to November, 1975 in Forfar Loch (polytrophic), Balgavies Loch (eutrophic) and Loch of the Lowes (mesotrophic), Scotland. Generally no consistent seasonal changes in the mineral levels were detected for the root, rhizome and panicle. For the stem and leaf, the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium rose to a peak before declining for the rest of the season. Consistently higher levels of tissue nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium were found in the Forfar plants over those of Balgavies and Lowes, reflecting the very eutrophic condition in Forfar Loch. The mineral compositions in the reeds in the present study were compared with similar studies in other areas.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017612
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  • 19
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    The Nasonov pheromone of the honeybeeApis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Part II. Bioassay of the components using foragers (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 225-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Honeybee ; Apis mellifera ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; pheromone ; Nasonov pheromone ; footprint pheromone ; bioassay ; anemotaxis ; geraniol ; nerobic acid ; (Z)-citral ; geranic acid ; (E,E)-farnesol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The Nasonov pheromone of the honeybee comprises seven components, (Z)-citral, nerol, geraniol, nerolic acid, geranic acid, and (E,E)-farnesol. Bioassay of individual components showed each attracted foraging bees. A mixture of components in proportions present in the honeybee was as attractive as the natural secretion, and each component contributed to the attractiveness of the mixture. Honeybees responded anemotactically to the source of Nasonov odor. The presence of footprint pheromone enhanced the attractiveness of the synthetic Nasonov mixture. Nasonov and footprint pheromones may prove useful in attracting honeybees to crops needing pollination.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00995745
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