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  • Springer  (89,433)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 2005-2009  (46,317)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (48,463)
  • 2008  (46,317)
  • 1981  (48,463)
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  • 2005-2009  (46,317)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (48,463)
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  • 1
    Unknown
    Seasonal Forecasts, Climatic Change and Human Health : Health and Climate (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Assessment ; Malaria ; Public Health ; Scale ; Weather ; climate change ; public health policy ; temperature
    Description / Table of Contents: Awareness that many key aspects of public health are strongly influenced by climate is growing dramatically, driven by new research and experience and fears of climate change and the research needed to underpin policy developments in area is growing rapidly . This awareness has yet to translate into a practical use of climate knowledge by health policy-makers. Evidence based policy and practice is the mantra of the health sector. If climate scientists are to contribute effectively to health policy at local and global scales then careful empirical studies must be undertaken – focused on the needs of the public health policy and decision-makers. Results presented at the Wengen conference make clear that the science and art of integrating climate knowledge into the control of climate sensitive diseases on a year to year time frame as well as careful assessments of the potential impacts of climate change on health outcomes over longer time frames is advancing rapidly on many fronts. This includes advances in the empirical understanding of mechanisms, methodologies for modeling future impacts, new partnership developments between the health and climate community along with access to relevant data resources, and education and training. In a rapidly evolving field this book provides a snapshot of these emerging themes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 232 pages)
    ISBN: 9781402068775
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6877-5
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean Energy Hydrogen Systems : Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workhop on Using Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean-Energy Hydrogen Systems, Sudak, Crimea, Ukraine, 22-28 September, 2007 (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Atom ; Fulleren ; Fullerene ; Nanocar ; Nanomaterial ; Nanotube ; Transport ; carbon nanotubes ; electricity
    Description / Table of Contents: The 2007 ARW “Using Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean-Energy Hydrogen Systems” (UCNCEHS’2007) was held in September 22–28, 2007 in the remarkable town Sudak (Crimea, Ukraine) known for its heroic and unusual fate. In the tradition of the earlier conferences, UCNCEHS’2007 meeting served as an multidisciplinary forum for the presentation and discussion of the most recent research on transition to hydrogen-based energy systems, technologies for hydrogen production, storage, utilization, carbon nanomaterials processing and chemical behavior, energy and environmental problems. The aim of UCNCEHS’2007 was to provide the wide overview of the latest scientific results on basic research and technological applications of hydrogen interactions with carbon materials. The active representatives from research/academic organizations and governmental agencies could meet, discuss and present the most recent advances in hydrogen concepts, processes and systems, to evaluate current progress and to exchange academic information, to identify research needs and future development in this important area. This ARW should help further the progress of hydrogen-based science and promote the role of hydrogen and carbon nanomaterials in the energy field.
    ISBN: 9781402088988
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8898-8
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Environmental Chemistry : Microscale Laboratory Experiments (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Air ; Chlor ; GSM-Postponed Project ; Manual ; Oxide ; Water ; bacteria ; microorganism ; pollution ; production ; soil ; toxicity
    Description / Table of Contents: Environmental Chemistry: Fundamentals, by Jorge Ibanez et al., is an exceptionally useful and well organized book. After reviewing basic chemical concepts, Environmental Chemistry: Fundamentals quickly progresses to more advanced and contemporary applications including ozone depletion, physiochemical and biological treatment of pollutants, and green chemistry. The chemistry of processes of the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere are covered in detail and the effects of pollutants on each of these chemical processes are extensively considered, as are their effects on the biosphere. The book also has an experimental companion, Environmental Chemistry: Microscale Laboratory Experiments, which includes an array of environmental chemistry experiments that can be readily performed at the microscale level. Ideas for additional open-ended projects are provided for all experiments, and they impart a thorough introduction to environmental experimentation. I strongly recommend Environmental Chemistry: Fundamentals and its experimental accompaniment, Environmental Chemistry: Microscale Laboratory Experiments. Dr. Zvi Szafran Vice President for Academic Affairs and Professor of Chemistry Southern Polytechnic State University Our Earth is a remarkable reaction vessel. It is of paramount importance that students grow in their understanding and awareness of the astounding effects that chemistry and biochemistry have on our environment…and why they are so significant to our present and future hopes as a civilization. Environmental Chemistry: Microscale Laboratory Experiments, intended to complement lessons in the companion textbook Environmental Chemistry: Fundamentals, covers the chemical and biochemical processes that take place in air, water, soil, and living systems. The corresponding experiments range from the characterization of aqueous media to pollutant-treatment schemes. For increased safety, as well as for reduced costs, wastes, and environmental damage, the experiments are presented at the microscale level. Pre- and post-laboratory exercises and open-ended projects accompany each experiment, to develop problem-solving skills and initiative among students.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 238 pages)
    ISBN: 9780387494937
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49493-7
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Thermal characterization of the Vulcano fumarole field (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: Ground-based thermal infrared surveys can contribute to complete heat budget inventories for fumarole fields. However, variations in atmospheric conditions, plume condensation and mixed-pixel effects can complicate vent area and temperature measurements. Analysis of vent temperature frequency distributions can be used, however, to characterise and quantify thermal regions within a field. We examine this using four thermal infrared thermometer and thermal image surveys of the Vulcano Fossa fumarole field (Italy) during June 2004 and July 2005. These surveys show that regions occupied by low temperature vents are characterised by distributions that are tightly clustered around the mean (i.e., the standard deviation is low), highly peaked (positive kurtosis) and skewed in the low temperature direction (negative skewness). This population is associated with wet fumaroles, where boiling controls maximum temperature to cause a narrow distribution with a mode at 90–100°C. In contrast, high temperature vent regions have distributions that are widely spread about the mean (i.e., the standard deviation is high), relatively flat (negative kurtosis) and skewed in the high temperature direction (positive skewness). In this dry case, fumaroles are water-free so that maximum temperatures are not fixed by boiling. As a result greater temperature variation is possible. We use these results to define two vent types at Vulcano on the basis of their thermal characteristics: (1) concentrated (localized) regions of high temperature vents, and (2) dispersed low temperature vents. These occur within a much larger region of diffuse heat emission across which surfaces are heated by steam condensation, the heat from which causes elevated surface temperatures. For Vulcano's lower fumarole zone, high and low temperature vents occupied total areas of 3 and 6 m2, respectively, and occurred within a larger (430 m2) vent-free zone of diffuse heat emission. For this lower zone, we estimate that 21– 43×103 W of heat was lost by diffuse heat emission. A further 4.5×103 W was lost by radiation from high temperature vents, and 6.5×103 W from low temperature vents. Thus, radiative heat losses from high and low temperature vents within Vulcano's lower fumarole zone respectively account for 10% and 15% of the total heat lost from this zone. This shows that radiation from open vents can account for a non-trivial portion of the total fumarole field heat budget.
    Description: Published
    Description: 441
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Fumarole ; Vulcano ; Thermal image ; Infrared thermometer ; Heat flux ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Crustal seismic velocity in the Marche region (Central Italy): computation of a minimum 1-D model with seismic station corrections. (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-16
    Description: A 1-D velocity model for the Marche region (central Italy) was computed by inverting P- and S-wave arrival times of local earthquakes. A total of 160 seismic events with a minimum of ten observations, a travel time residual ≤ 0.8 s and an azimuthal gap lower than 180° have been selected. This “minimum 1-D velocity model” is complemented by station corrections, which can be used to take into account possible near-surface velocity heterogeneities beneath each station. Using this new P-wave velocity model and the program HYPOELLIPSE (Lahr, 1999), the selected local events were relocated. Earthquake locations in this study are of higher quality with respect to the original ones. The obtained minimum 1-D velocity model can be used to improve the routine earthquakes locations and represents a further step towards more detailed seismotectonic studies of the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1115–1121
    Description: 3T. Sorgente sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Minimum 1D model ; Earthquake locations ; Marche region ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Synthetic ANaB(NaxLi1 ¡ xMg1)CMg5Si8O22(OH)2 (with x = 0.6, 0.2 and 0) P21/m amphiboles at high pressure: a synchrotron infrared study (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: high-pressure behavior of three synthetic amphiboles crystallized with space group P21/m at room conditions in the system Li2O–Na2O–MgO–SiO2–H2O has been studied by in situ synchrotron infrared absorption spectroscopy. The amphiboles have compositions ANa B(NaxLi1 ¡ xMg1) CMg5 Si8 O22(OH)2 with x = 0.6, 0.2 and 0.0, respectively. The high-P experiments up to 32 GPa were carried out on the U2A beamline at Brookhaven National Laboratory (NY, USA) using a diamond anvil cell under non-hydrostatic or quasi-hydrostatic conditions. The two most intense absorption bands in the OH-stretching infrared spectra can be assigned to two non-equivalent O–H dipoles in the P21/m structure, bonded to the same local environment M1M3Mg3–OH–ANa, and pointing toward two diVerently kinked tetrahedral rings. In all samples these bands progressively merge to give a unique symmetrical absorption with increasing pressure, suggesting a change in symmetry from P21/m to C2/m. The pressure at which the transition occurs appears to be linearly correlated to the aggregate B-site dimension. The infrared spectra collected for amphibole B(Na0.2Li0.8Mg1) in the frequency range 50 to 1,400 cm¡1 also show a series of changes with increasing pressure. The data reported here support the inference of Iezzi et al. (Am Miner 91:479–482, 2006a) regarding a new high-pressure C2/m amphibole polymorph characterized by two equivalent and kinked double-chains, stable at very high-pressure.
    Description: Published
    Description: 343–354
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: High-pressure ; B-site dimension ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Observations of Electromagnetic Radiation in the Central Apennines Seismic Region (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In recent years, continuous radio-noise recording is in use at many geophysical observatories, in order to detect possible earthquake precursors and/or coseismic signals. The recordings obtained indicate that electromagnetic radiation (e.g., in the range of 10-40 kH) can indeed be treated as seismic precursor. We present here the examples of successful prediction observation, which we have obtained in the Central Apennines region at the l'Aquila Observatory (Polish-Italian cooperation). A short discussion on relation between the evolution of stresses (dislocation dynamics) and electromagnetic emission supplements this paper.
    Description: Published
    Description: 43-53
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: electromagnetic radiation ; dislocation dynamics ; Central Apennines ; seismic precursors ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Survey on fluoride, bromide and chloride contents in public drinking water supplies in Sicily (Italy) (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Six hundred and sixty-seven water samples were collected from public drinking water supplies in Sicily and analysed for electric conductivity and for their Cl-, Br- and F- contents. The samples were, as far as possible, collected evenly over the entire territory with an average sampling density of about one sample for every 7600 inhabitants. The contents of Cl- and Br-, ranging between 5.53 and 1302 mg/l and between 〈 0.025 and 4.76 mg/l respectively, correlated well with the electric conductivity, a parameter used as a proxy for water salinity. The highest values were found both along the NW and SE coasts, which we attributed to seawater contamination, and in the central part of Sicily, which we attributed to evaporitic rock dissolution. The fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.023 to 3.28 mg/l, while the highest values (only 3 exceeding the maximum admissible concentration of 1.5 mg/l) generally correlated either with the presence in the area of crystalline (volcanic or metamorphic) or evaporitic rocks or with contamination from hydrothermal activity. Apart from these limited cases of exceeding F- levels, the waters of public drinking water supplies in Sicily can be considered safe for human consumption for the analysed parameters. Some limited concern could arise from the intake of bromide-rich waters (about 3% exceeding 1 mg/l) because of the potential formation of dangerous disinfection by-products.
    Description: Published
    Description: 303-313
    Description: 4.4. Scenari e mitigazione del rischio ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: drinking water quality ; fluoride ; bromide ; chloride ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    On the suitability of 1 s geophone for ambient noise measurements in the 0.1–20Hz frequency range: experimental outcomes (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Following the ongoing debate about suitability of short-period sensor for seismic noise measurements at frequencies lower than 1Hz, in this study we compare recordings from two different seismometers (Güralp CMG-3ESPC and Mark L4C-3D) installed side by side in the GeoForschungsZentrum laboratory. The comparison carried out in terms of Power Spectral Density and coherency analysis shows an excellent agreement between the shortperiod and the broad-band recordings in the frequency band 0.2–20 Hz. Therefore, this result highlights that with a calibrated short-period sensor one can obtain the same results that would be obtained by using a broad-band seismometer in the band of engineering interest.
    Description: Published
    Description: 141-147
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Short-period sensor, Broad-band sensor, Noise measurements ; Coherency analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    A Glimpse into the Seismicity of the Ionian Islands between 1658 and 1664 (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Mostly based on traditional catalogues, without further research, several modern parametric catalogues are nevertheless straightforward, without question marks, and easily misleading (chronology, epicentre, epicentral intensity, not to speak of magnitude). The example of an Ionian time-window (1658-1664), with several major events, shows that the historical seismicity of the Ionian Islands, often thought to be well-known, actually needs a more or less drastic revision. A wealth of sources was collected, mostly from the Archives of the Republic of Venice, then ruling the main three islands of the Ionian Archipelago; it was ascertained that there are no important chronological gaps in the surviving documentation. Similarly outstanding, and in fact at the basis of a more balanced and precise view of one of the events in this time-window, are the souvenirs of Christoff von Degenfeld, a German nobleman at the service of the Republic of Venice. His manuscript, discovered at the library of Karlsruhe (Germany) in 1992, has been consulted again in the original, on the occasion of the preparation of this paper. Some question marks remain on the distributions of macroseismic effects of the earthquakes within this time-window, and this is due to the lack of information concerning the mainland. For this reason this study does not propose epicentres and, of course, magnitudes. An unusually long documentary appendix is provided, with the hope that it might contribute in discouraging authors of parametric earthquake catalogues from hasty exploitation and interpretation of often unreliable current catalogues.
    Description: Published
    Description: 43-91
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismology ; Ionian Islands 1658-1664 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 11
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    The fidelity of melt inclusions as records of melt composition (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A series of experiments created melt inclusions in plagioclase and pyroxene crystals grown from a basaltic melt at 1,150 C, 1.0 GPa to investigate diffusive fractionation during melt inclusion formation; additionally, P diffusion in a basaltic melt was measured at 1.0 GPa. Melt inclusions and melts within a few 100 microns of plagioclase– melt interfaces were analyzed for comparison with melt compositions far from the crystals. Melt inclusions and melt compositions in the boundary layer close to the crystal–melt interface were similar, but both differ significantly in incompatible element concentrations from melt found greater than approximately 200 microns away from the crystals. The compositional profiles of S, Cl, P, Fe, and Al in the boundary layers were successfully reproduced by a two-step model of rapid crystal growth followed by diffusive relaxation toward equilibrium after termination of crystal growth. Applying this model to investigate possible incompatible element enrichment in natural melt inclusions demonstrated that at growth rates high enough to create the conditions for melt inclusion formation, *10-9–10-8 m s-1, the concentration of water in the boundary layer near the crystal was similar to that of the bulk melt because of its high diffusion coefficient, but sulfur, with a diffusivity similar to major elements and CO2, was somewhat enriched in the boundary layer melt, and phosphorus, with its low diffusion coefficient similar to other high-field strength elements and rare earth elements, was significantly enriched. Thus, the concentrations of sulfur and phosphorus in melt inclusions may over-estimate their values in the bulk melt, and other elements with similar diffusion coefficients may also be enriched in melt inclusions relative to the bulk melt.
    Description: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery grant; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica and Vulcanologia, Italy
    Description: Published
    Description: 377-395
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Melt inclusions ; Phosphorus diffusion ; Crystal growth ; Diffusive Fractionation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Can earthquake size be controlled by the initial seconds of rupture? (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: It has been argued that the dominant period T_p derived from the initial seconds of a seismogram, hence only depending on the initial phases of earthquake rupture, seems to scale with the final size of the earthquake. We provide a physical interpretation for the observed scaling and explain how the final earthquake size could be controlled by the initial phase of rupture.
    Description: Published
    Description: 9-19
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: early warning ; fracture energy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 13
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    Effusive Activity at Mount Etna Volcano (Italy) During the 20th Century: A Contribution to Volcanic Hazard Assessment (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Mount Etna is an open conduit volcano, characterised by persistent activity, consisting of degassing and explosive phenomena at summit craters, frequent flank eruptions, and more rarely, eccentric eruptions. All eruption typologies can give rise to lava flows, which represent the greatest hazard by the volcano to the inhabited areas. Historical documents and scientific papers related to the 20th century effusive activity have been examined in detail, and volcanological parameters have been compiled in a database. The cumulative curve of emitted lava volume highlights the presence of two main eruptive periods: (a) the 1900–1971 interval, characterised by a moderate slope of the curve, amounting to 436 · 106 m3 of lava with average effusion rate of 0.2 m3/s and (b) the 1971–1999 period, in which a significant increase in eruption frequency is associated with a large issued lava volume (767 · 106 m3) and a higher effusion rate (0.8 m3/s). The collected data have been plotted to highlight different eruptive behaviour as a function of eruptive periods and summit vs. flank eruptions. The latter have been further subdivided into two categories: eruptions characterised by high effusion rates and short duration, and eruptions dominated by low effusion rate, long duration and larger volume of erupted lava. Circular zones around the summit area have been drawn for summit eruptions based on the maximum lava flow length; flank eruptions have been considered by taking into account the eruptive fracture elevation and combining them with lava flow lengths of 4 and 6 km. This work highlights that the greatest lava flow hazard at Etna is on the south and east sectors of the volcano. This should be properly considered in future land-use planning by local authorities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 407–443
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; effusive activity ; database ; lava flow length ; eruptive fractures ; vent elevation ; hazard zonation ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Observatories in Italy (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Monitoring the Earth's magnetic field is carried out by geomagnetic observatories all over the world. In Italy, the first observatory was founded in 1880, when Pietro Tacchini, the director of the Central Meteorological Institute (Ufficio Centrale di Meteorologia), launched an initiative to study the distribution of the Earth's magnetic field over the Italian territory.
    Description: Published
    Description: 733
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: 5.3. Banche dati di geomagnetismo, aeronomia, clima e ambiente
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Earth's magnetic field ; Magnetic observatories ; Italy ; L'Aquila and Castello Tesino ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.06. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.03. Global and regional models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    Evidence of seismic deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus at Tindari (NE, Sicily) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Most of the ancient town of Tindari (NE, Sicily) was settled on a plateau the most surficial layer of which was made of unconsolidated material. Ongoing excavations at the archaeological site at Tindari uncovered a large portion of the decumanus which suffered deformations preliminarily assigned to coseismic effects. An analysis of the local dynamic response through the simulation of strong seismic shaking to the bedrock and modelling of spectral ratios of the bedrock-soft soil was carried out to verify the susceptibility of superficial terrains of the promontory to coseismic deformations. To perform this simulation the finite element method (FEM) was used. Four accelerometric recordings of three earthquakes of medium-high magnitude, recorded on rocky sites, were chosen to simulate the seismic shaking, using a constitutive law for the materials composing the promontory layers both of linear-elastic type and of elastoplastic type. The analysis of the linear-elastic field allowed the definition of the frequencies for which the spectral ratios of the accelerations recorded the highest amplifications; in particular the frequency range 31.5–37.2 Hz can be combined with deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus. The analysis in the elastoplastic field highlighted the zones of promontory more susceptible to suffer plasticization process. The results show that the topmost layer of the decumanus is the most susceptible to suffer plasticization. Therefore, the performed analysis lends greater support to the hypothesis that the deformations were produced by seismic shaking.
    Description: Published
    Description: 213-222
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Elasticity and anelasticity ; Earthquake ground motions ; Site effects ; Computational seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    Tectonic features of the Lipari–Vulcano complex (Aeolian archipelago, Italy) from 10 years (1996–2006) of GPS data (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The tectonic deformation of the Lipari-Vulcano complex, one of the most important active volcanic areas of Mediterranean region, is studied here through the analysis of ten years (1996-2006) of GPS data from both 3 permanent and 13 non-permanent stations. This area can be considered crucial for the understanding of the Eurasia-Africa plates interaction in the Mediterranean area, and, in general, this work emphasize a methodological approach, already applied in other areas worldwide (e.g. Shen et al., 1996, El-Fiki and Kato, 1999) where geodetic data and strain parameters maps of critical areas can help to improve our understanding of their geodynamical aspects. In this framework, this study is aimed at providing a kinematic deformation model on the basis of the dense geodetically estimated velocities of the Lipari-Vulcano complex. In particular, the observed deformation pattern can be described by a mix between 1) the main N-S regional compression and 2) a NNE-SSW compression with a small right-lateral strike slip component acting along a tectonic structure N°40W trending located between the two islands. This pattern was inspected through a simplified synthetic model.
    Description: This research has benefited from funding provided by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri – Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC).
    Description: Published
    Description: 370–377
    Description: 1.9. TTC - Rete GPS nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: GPS ; Aeolian Islands ; strain ; modelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
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    Geochemistry and potential use of groundwater in the Rocca Busambra area (Sicily, Italy) (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the Rocca Busambra area (mid-west Sicily, Italy), from November 1999 to July 2002, 23 water points including wells and springs were sampled and studied for their chemical and isotopic compositions. Two rain gauges were also installed at different altitudes, and rainwater was collected monthly to determine the isotopic composition. The obtained results revealed the Rocca Busambra carbonate complex as being the main recharge area on account of its high permeability value. From a chemical view point, two main groups of water can be distinguished: calcium– magnesium–bicarbonate-type and calcium–magnesium– chloride–sulphate-type waters. The first group reflects the dissolution of the carbonate rocks; the second group probably originates from circulation within flyschoid sediments. Three water wells differ from the other samples due to their relatively high Na and K content, which probably is to be referred to a marked interaction with the ‘‘Calcareniti di Corleone’’ formation, which is rich in glauconite [(K, Na)(Fe3+, Al, Mg)2(Si, Al)4O10(OH)2]. In accordance with WHO guidelines for drinking water (2004), almost all the samples collected can be considered drinkable, with the exception of four of them, whose NO3 -, F- and Na+ contents exceed the limits. On the contrary, the sampled groundwater studied is basically suitable for irrigation
    Description: In press
    Description: on line first
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Water quality ; Geochemistry ; Environmental isotopes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
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    Impact of extreme CO2 levels on tropical climate: A CGCM study (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A coupled general circulation model has been used to perform a set of experiments with high CO2 concentration (2, 4, 16 times the present day mean value). The experiments have been analyzed to study the response of the climate system to strong radiative forcing in terms of the processes involved in the adjustment at the ocean-atmosphere interface. The analysis of the experiments revealed a non-linear response of the mean state of the atmosphere and ocean to the increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. In the 16xCO2 experiment the equilibrium at the ocean-atmosphere interface is characterized by an atmosphere with a shut off of the convective precipitation in the tropical Pacific sector, associated with air warmer than the ocean below. A cloud feedback mechanism is found to be involved in the increased stability of the troposphere. In this more stable condition the mean total precipitation is mainly due to large-scale moisture flux even in the tropics. In the equatorial Pacific Ocean the zonal temperature gradient of both surface and sub-surface waters is significantly smaller in the 16xCO2 experiment than in the control experiment. The thermocline slope and the zonal wind stress decrease as well. When the CO2 concentration increases by about two and four times with respect to the control experiment there is an intensification of El Nino. On the other hand, in the experiment with 16 times the present-day value of CO2, the Tropical Pacific variability weakens, suggesting the possibility of the establishment of permanent warm conditions that look like the peak of El Nino.
    Description: Published
    Description: 743-758
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: coupled model ; CO2 increase ; climate sensitivity ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.04. Processes and Dynamics
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  • 19
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    Jean Vogt 1929-2005. His Life as a Seismologist, Geologist, Geographer, and Historian (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Jean Vogt was born in 1929 in Strasbourg (France), where he attended primary and secondary school. At the University of Strasbourg, he graduated in Geography, and majored in Geomorphology. His professor was the geographer Jean Tricart, who taught him the importance of both geological field work and archive investigation. In 1955 he joined the French West-Africa Geological Service and later the French Bureau for Geology and Mines (BRGM). Along the following 20 years he lived as a “geological” globetrotter in a number of countries, dispensing his time between the field and the archives. In these years, he was concerned mainly with mining geology, geomorphology, superficial deposits, and landslides. This unique experience led him in 1975 to the responsibility of the “Seismo-Tectonic Project”, the BRGM project in relation with the French nuclear power programme. From 1975 to 1984, he gave a substantial impulse to the study of French historical earthquakes, and since then he visited almost every public archive in France, and several major archives and libraries in Europe and abroad. He took care at the same time of the follow-up of macroseismic studies of present-day earthquakes. After he retired in 1984, he continued on a personal basis his investigations of historical earthquakes, in Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, and the Caribbean area. Alongside and for about 50 years, Jean Vogt investigated uninterruptedly the agrarian history of Northeastern France and Southwestern Germany. He published in scientific journals and in local learned societies bulletins more than 500 notes and articles devoted to a variety of subjects, such as soil erosion, agriculture, cattle trade, and social conflicts. Jean Vogt died on 5 June 2005 in Strasbourg. His scientific legacy consists of a wealth of published papers, manuscripts, documentation related to history and seismology, awaiting to be further exploited, as he would have done.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3-16
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Jean Vogt ; biography ; historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 20
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    Strong Earthquakes in North-Western Africa in the Second Half of the 17th Century, AD: A Critical Reappraisal of the Historical Evidence (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The recent seismological literature recorded three strong earthquakes in Algeria, Libya and Tunisia between 1656 and 1694 AD. The historical evidence for these derives from European sources only (gazettes, journalistic pamphlets, missionary literature). Considering the kind of sources involved, their likely biases and the geographical distances that divided their places of production from the places that they spoke about, it is possible that some of these accounts could be less than reliable, and therefore have little use as materials from which to assess earthquake parameters. To answer these doubts, we have retrieved, cross-checked and critically analysed the original historical sources quoted in previous compilations and studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 163-184
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Historical Seismicity ; North Africa Earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 21
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    P-wave propagation heterogeneity and earthquake location in the Mediterranean region (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: We analyse P-wave traveltimes for the Mediterranean area, using both teleseismic and regional arrivals for shallow earthquakes reported in the Bulletins of the International Seismological Centre. We model delays between pairs of 0.5° × 0.5° cells, obtaining a detailed representation of the P traveltime heterogeneities. Examination of these anomalies shows the clear presence of geographically coherent patterns—consistent with known geological features—due to significant structure in the upper mantle. We present a scheme, based on an empirical heterogeneity correction (EHC) to P-wave traveltimes, to improve earthquake location. This method provides similar benefits to those of a location procedure based on ray tracing in a 3-D model, but it is simpler and computationally more efficient. The definition of the traveltime heterogeneity model, being based on a statistical procedure, bypasses most of the critical points and possible instabilities involved in model inversion. EHC relocation, applied to Mediterranean earthquakes, allows one to predict about 70 per cent of the estimated signal due to heterogeneity and produces epicentral and origin time-shifts of, respectively, 4.22 km and 0.35 s (rms). From a synthetic experiment, in which we use the proposed algorithm to retrieve known source locations, we estimate that the rms improvement achieved by the EHC relocation over a simpler, standard, 1-D location is more than 20 per cent for both epicentral mislocation and origin time-shifts.
    Description: Published
    Description: 232-254
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: earthquake location ; Mediterranean ; P waves ; traveltime ; upper mantle ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 22
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    The occurrence of Mt Barca flank eruption in the evolution of the NW periphery of Etna volcano (Italy) (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Geological surveys, tephrostratigraphic study, and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations have allowed us to chronologically constrain the geological evolution of the lower NW flank of Etna volcano and to reconstruct the eruptive style of the Mt Barca flank eruption. This peripheral sector of the Mt Etna edifice, corresponding to the upper Simeto valley, was invaded by the Ellittico volcano lava flows between 41 and 29 ka ago when the Mt Barca eruption occurred. The vent of this flank eruption is located at about 15 km away from the summit craters, close to the town of Bronte. The Mt Barca eruption was characterized by a vigorous explosive activity that produced pyroclastic deposits dispersed eastward and minor effusive activity with the emission of a 1.1-km-long lava flow. Explosive activity was characterized by a phreatomagmatic phase followed by a magmatic one. The geological setting of this peripheral sector of the volcano favors the interaction between the rising magma and the shallow groundwater hosted in the volcanic pile resting on the impermeable sedimentary basement. This process produced phreatomagmatic activity in the first phase of the eruption, forming a pyroclastic fall deposit made of high-density, poorly vesicular scoria lapilli and lithic clasts. Conversely, during the second phase, a typical strombolian fall deposit formed. In terms of hazard assessment, the possible occurrence of this type of highly explosive flank eruption, at lower elevation in the densely inhabited areas, increases the volcanic risk in the Etnean region and widens the already known hazard scenario.
    Description: INGV-DPC V3_6 project UR V3_6/07
    Description: In press
    Description: on line first
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Etna volcano ; unconformity ; tephostratigraphy ; 40Ar/39Ar age determination ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 23
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    New results of 40Ar/39Ar dating constrain the timing of transition from fissure-type to central volcanism at Mount Etna (Italy) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Recent geological studies performed at Etna allow reassessing the stratigraphic frame of the volcano where distinct evolutionary phases are defined. This stratigraphic reconstruction was chronologically constrained on the basis of a limited number of U–Th and K–Ar age determinations whose uncertainty margins are sometimes too wide. For this reason, we successfully adopted at Etna the 40Ar/39Ar technique that allowed obtaining more precise age determinations. The incremental heating technique also gives information on sample homogeneity, and potential problems of trapped argon. Five samples were collected from stratigraphically well-controlled volcanic units in order to chronologically define the transition between the fissure-type volcanism of the Timpe phase to the central volcanism of the Valle del Bove Centers. Isotopic ages with an uncertainty margin of 2–4% have been obtained emphasizing that this transition occurred (130– 126 ka) without significant temporal hiatus.
    Description: University of Catania grants (COFIN- 2002, resp. F. Lentini); CNR-IDPA and INGV-Sezione di Catania grants.
    Description: Published
    Description: 292-298
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: 40Ar/39Ar dating ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 24
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    Methane seepage in an urban development area (Bacau, Romania): origin, extent, and hazard (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The paper describes a case of a natural emission of methane from soil in an urban development area, generating a significant risk for the local population and buildings, due to gas explosiveness and asphyxiation potential. The site is located on the south-western margin of the East-European Platform in eastern Romania, in a hydrocarbon-prone area crossed by the Pericarpathian lineament and regional faults. Molecular composition of gas and stable isotopic analyses of methane (CH4〉90%, δ to the power of 13 C1: -49.4‰, δD1: -173.4‰) indicate a dominant thermogenic origin, with significant amounts of C2-C5 alkanes (~5%), likely migrating through faults from a deep reservoir. Possible candidates are the Saucesti and Secuieni gas fields, located in the same petroleum system. Two surface geochemical surveys, based on closed-chamber flux measurements, were performed to assess the degassing intensity and the extent of the affected area. Methane fluxes from soil reach orders of 10 to the power of 4 mg m to the power of -2 day to the power of -1. Gas seepage mainly occurs in one zone 30 000 m2 wide, and it is likely controlled by channeling along a fault and gas accumulation in permeable sediments and shallow subsoil. The estimated total CH4 emission is about 40 t year to the power of -1 CH4, of which 8–9 t year to the power of -1 are naturally released from soil and 30–35 t year to the power of -1 are emitted from shallow boreholes. These wells have likely channeled the gas accumulated in shallow alluvial sediment but gas flux from soil is still high and mitigation measures are needed to reduce the risk for humans and buildings.
    Description: Published
    Description: 311-320
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: gas hazard ; methane seepage ; soil degassing ; thermogenic gas ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
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  • 25
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    Chemical and isotopic compositions of thermal springs, fumaroles and bubbling gases at Tacaná Volcano (Mexico–Guatemala): implications for volcanic surveillance (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This study presents baseline data for future geochemical monitoring of the active Tacaná volcano–hydrothermal system (Mexico–Guatemala). Seven groups of thermal springs, related to a NW/SE-oriented fault scarp cutting the summit area (4,100m a.s.l.), discharge at the northwest foot of the volcano (1,500–2,000m a.s.l.); another one on the southern ends of Tacaná (La Calera). The near-neutral (pH from 5.8 to 6.9) thermal (T from 25.7°C to 63.0°C) HCO3–SO4 waters are thought to have formed by the absorption of a H2S/SO2–CO2-enriched steam into a Cl-rich geothermal aquifer, afterwards mixed by Na/HCO3-enriched meteoric waters originating from the higher elevations of the volcano as stated by the isotopic composition (δD and δ18O) of meteoric and spring waters. Boiling temperature fumaroles (89°C at~3,600m a.s.l. NW of the summit), formed after the May 1986 phreatic explosion, emit isotopically light vapour (δD and δ18O as low as −128 and −19.9‰, respectively) resulting from steam separation from the summit aquifer. Fumarolic as well as bubbling gases at five springs are CO2-dominated. The δ13CCO2 for all gases show typical magmatic values of −3.6 ± 1.3‰ vs V-PDB. The large range in 3He/4He ratios for bubbling, dissolved and fumarolic gases [from 1.3 to 6.9 atmospheric 3He/4He ratio (RA)] is ascribed to a different degree of near-surface boiling processes inside a heterogeneous aquifer at the contact between the volcanic edifice and the crystalline basement (4He source). Tacaná volcano offers a unique opportunity to give insight into shallow hydrothermal and deep magmatic processes affecting the CO2/3He ratio of gases: bubbling springs with lower gas/water ratios show higher 3He/4He ratios and consequently lower CO2/3He ratios (e.g. Zarco spring). Typical Central American CO2/3He and 3He/4He ratios are found for the fumarolic Agua Caliente and Zarco gases (3.1 ± 1.6 × 1010 and 6.0 ± 0.9 RA, respectively). The L/S (5.9 ± 0.5)and (L + S)/M ratios (9.2 ± 0.7) for the same gases are almost identical to the ones calculated for gases in El Salvador, suggesting an enhanced slab contribution as far as the northern extreme of the Central American Volcanic Arc,Tacana
    Description: In press
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Tacaná volcano ; Fluid geochemistry ; Volcano–hydrothermal system ; Bubbling gases ; Fumaroles ; Isotopes ; Volcanic surveillance ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 26
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    Hardware in the Loop Tuning for a volcanic Gas Sampling UAV (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Significant advances have been made in recent years in volcanic eruption forecasting and in understanding the behaviour of volcanoes. A major requirement is improvement in the collection of field data using innovative methodologies and sensors. Collected data are typically used as input for computer simulations of volcanic activity, to improve forecasts for longlived volcanic phenomena, such as lava flow eruptions and sand-rain. This research was conducted in cooperation with OTe Systems Catania, Italy [16].
    Description: Published
    Description: 473-493
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Unmanned aerial vehicle ; volcanic plume sampling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 27
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    Volcanological inferences from seismic-strain tensor computations at Mt. Etna Volcano, Sicily (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Kostrov's (1974) algorithm for seismic-strain tensor computations, in the version implemented by Wyss et al. (1992a) for error estimates, has been applied to shear-type earthquakes occurring beneath the Etna volcano during 1990-1996. Space-time variations of strain orientations and amplitudes have been examined jointly with ground-deformation and gravimetric data collected in the same period and reported in the literature. Taking also into account the information available from volcanological observations and structural geology, we propose a model assuming that hydraulic pressure by magma emplaced in nearly north-south vertical structures produces the E-W orientation of the maximum compressive strain found in the upper 10 km beneath the crater area. In contrast, regional tectonics deriving from the slow, north-south convergence between the African and European plates appear to play a dominant role in the generation of stress and strain fields at crustal depths deeper than 10 km below the volcano. According to our interpretation, the progressive ascent of magma through the upper crust prior to eruption produces the observed gravity changes, cone inflation and unusual seismic strain rate in the upper 10 km associated with a more sharply defined seismic deformation regime (i.e. very small confidence limits of the epsilon 1 orientation). In agreement with this model, deflation revealed by ground-deformation data during the course of the major 1991-1993 eruption was accompanied by a practically nil level of shallow seismicity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 318-330
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; Italy ; Earthquakes ; Seismic strain ; Stress inversion ; Volcanic processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 28
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    BET_EF: a probabilistic tool for long- and short-term eruption forecasting (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a Bayesian event tree model for eruption forecasting (BET_EF). The model represents a flexible tool to provide probabilities of any specific event at which we are interested in, by merging all the relevant available information, such as theoretical models, a priori beliefs, monitoring measures, and any kind of past data. BET_EF is based on a Bayesian procedure and it relies on the fuzzy approach to manage monitoring data. The method deals with short- and long-term forecasting, therefore it can be useful in many practical aspects, as land use planning, and during volcanic emergencies. Finally, we provide the description of a free software package that provides a graphically supported computation of short- to long-term eruption forecasting, and a tutorial application to the recent MESIMEX exercise at Vesuvius.
    Description: Published
    Description: 623-632
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: eruption forecasting ; event tree ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 29
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    Fluorine speciation in topsoils of three active volcanoes of Sicily (Italy) (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Fluorine is one of the many environmental harmful elements released by volcanic activity. The content of total, oxalate extractable and water extractable fluorine was determined in 96 topsoils of three active volcanic systems of southern Italy (Mt. Etna, Stromboli and Vulcano). Total fluorine content (FTOT) ranges from 112 to 7430 mg kg-1, F extracted with oxalate (FOX) ranges from 16 to 2320 mg kg-1 (2 – 93 % of FTOT) and F extracted with distilled water (FH2O) ranges from 1.7 to 159 mg kg-1 (0.2 – 40 % of FTOT). Fluorine in the sampled topsoils derives both from the weathering of volcanic rocks and ashes and from enhanced deposition due to volcanic gas emissions either from open-conduit passive degassing (Mt. Etna and Stromboli) or from a fumarolic field (Vulcano). Fluorine accumulation in the studied soils does generally not present particular environmental issues except for a few anomalous sites at Vulcano where measured contents could be dangerous both for vegetation and for grazing animals.
    Description: Published
    Description: 413-423
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: soil fluorine ; oxalate extractable F ; water extractable F ; environmental impact of volcanic F ; Sicily ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
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  • 30
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    New evidence for a mixed inorganic and organic origin of the Olympic Chimaera fire (Turkey): a large onshore seepage of abiogenic gas (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Chimaera gas seep, near Antalya (SW Turkey), has been continuously active for thousands of years and it is known to be the source of the first Olympic fire in the Hellenistic period. New and thorough molecular and isotopic analyses including methane (approximately 87% v/v; δ to the power of 13 C1 from -7.9‰ to -12.3‰; δ to the power of 13 D1 from -119‰ to -124‰), light alkanes (C2 + C3 + C4 + C5 = 0.5%; C6+: 0.07%; δ to the power of 13 C2 from -24.2‰ to -26.5‰; δ to the power of 13 C3 from -25.5‰ to -27‰), hydrogen (7.5–11%), carbon dioxide (0.01–0.07%; δ to the power of 13 CCO2: -15‰), helium (approximately 80 ppmv; R/Ra: 0.41) and nitrogen (2–4.9%; δ to the power of 15 N from -2‰ to -2.8‰) converge to indicate that the seep releases a mixture of organic thermogenic gas, related to mature type III kerogen occurring in Palaeozoic and Mesozoic organic-rich sedimentary rocks, and abiogenic gas produced by low-temperature serpentinization in the Tekirova ophiolitic unit. Methane is not related to mantle or magma degassing. The abiogenic fraction accounts for about half of the total gas released, which is estimated to be well beyond 50 ton year to the power of -1. Ophiolites and limestones are in contact along a tectonic dislocation leading to gas mixing and migration to the Earth’s surface. Chimaera represents the biggest emission of abiogenic methane on land discovered so far. Deep and pressurized gas accumulations are necessary to sustain the Chimaera gas flow for thousands of years and are likely to have been charged by an active inorganic source.
    Description: Published
    Description: 263-273
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: abiogenic methane ; isotopic composition ; ophiolites ; seep ; serpentinization ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
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  • 31
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    Multiple hydro-fracturing by boron-rich fluids in the Late Miocene contact aureole of eastern Elba Island (Tuscany, Italy) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In eastern Elba Island (Tuscany, Italy), a shallow crustal level felsic, tourmaline-bearing, dyke-sill swarm of Late Miocene age is associated with abundant tourmaline-quartz hydrothermal veins and metasomatic masses. Development of these veins and masses in the host rocks demonstrates multiple hydro-fracturing by magmatic, boron-rich saline fluid. Tourmalines in felsic dykes are schorl, whereas in veins and metasomatic masses, tourmaline composition ranges from schorl-dravite through dravite to uvite. This compositional shift is evidence for an increasing contribution to the magmatic boron-rich fluids by a Mg-Ca-Ti-rich external component represented by biotite-rich and amphibolite host rocks. This system can be envisaged as an exposed proxy of the high temperature hydrothermal system presently active in the deepest part of the Larderello-Travale geothermal field (Tuscany).
    Description: Published
    Description: 318-326
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Hydro-fractures ; geothermal systems ; Magmatism ; southern Tuscany ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
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  • 32
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    Investigation of pre-1700 Earthquakes Between the Adda and the Middle Adige River Basins (Southern Alps) (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: While the seismicity of the Southern Alps is high in the Eastern sector, corresponding to the Veneto and Friuli regions, it decreases towards West up to the Adda River. In the sector between the Lessini Mts. and Eastern Friuli the damaging earthquakes are clustered in a well defined seismic belt, where seismogenic sources responsible for earthquakes with Mw 6 have been defined in recent works. In contrast, the knowledge of the Southalpine sector West of this area is sparser; the area experienced some earthquakes with Mw〉5.5 and varied events with 4.8≤Mw≤5.5 the distribution of which is, apparently, random. For the area roughly defined by the basins of the Adda River to the West and the middle Adige River to the East, this paper reappraises the background knowledge of the earthquakes occurred before 1700. The investigation and the results are presented according to two successive periods, up to 1995 and from 1995 on. In the research performed up to 1995, the most important achievements concerned two different aspects: i) the assessement of several “fake quakes”, some of which were the object of paradigmatic case-histories; ii) the resizing and relocation of several, presumed damaging earthquakes. Though this round of investigation changed significantly the picture of the seismicity with respect to the Seventies, the research continued. For the period from 1995 on, the discussion focuses on the reliability of the available information; material that received little or no consideration before, new historical findings and comments to the seismological interpretation as in the most recent literature are also presented. This part includes also the discussion of archaeoseismological evidence of damage related to past earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 93-129
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: historical seismology ; Adda and Middle Adige River Basins ; Southern Alps ; archaeoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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    In Troubled Times, in a Divided Country: The 1789 Valtiberina Earthquake (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The Valtiberina region (central Italy) has a seismic record going back to the Middle Ages and including five Io 〉 VIII MCS earthquakes, the earliest of which (1352, 1389, 1458). though recently and extensively studied, remain rather poorly known. This makes it all the more important to ensure that the later ones (1789, 1917) are as throughly studied as possible. The 1789 earthquake is listed by the current Italian catalogue (CPTI Working Group 2004) with Io VIII-IX MCS and Mm 5.8. These parameters were assessed from a database of 28 macroseismic intensity data points (Castelli et al. 1996), which is less than plentiful for a late 18th century earthquake. An analysis of the historical context of the 1789 earthquake and its influence on the production of contemporary accounts evidences a few research paths that previous studies either did not or could not take. Following them, the macroseismic database of the 1789 earthquake can be noticeably improved, providing the catalogue compiler with a mean to check the reliability of its current parameters.
    Description: Published
    Description: 249-260
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical Seismicity ; 1789 Valtiberina Earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Volcanic Eruptions:Cyclicity during Lava Dome Growth (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We consider the process of slow extrusion of very viscous magma that forms lava domes. Dome-building eruptions are commonly associated with hazardous phenomena, in- cluding pyroclastic flows generated by dome collapses, explosive eruptions and volcanic blasts. These eruptions commonly display fairly regular alternations between pe- riods of high and low or no activity with time scales from hours to years. Usually hazardous phenomena are asso- ciated with periods of high magma discharge rate, thus, understanding the causes of pulsatory activity during ex- trusive eruptions is an important step towards forecasting volcanic behavior, especially the transition to explosive ac- tivity when magma discharge rate increases by a few orders of magnitude. In recent years the risks have increased be- cause the population density in the vicinity of many active volcanoes has increased.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: open
    Keywords: Volcanic Eruptions ; Cyclicity ; During Lava ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Simulating Earthquake Scenarios in the European Project LESSLOSS: The Case of Lisbon (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-30
    Description: Within the framework of the European LESSLOSS Project “Risk Mitigation for Earthquakes and Landslides”, finite-fault seismological models have been proposed for the computation of earthquake scenarios for three urban areas: Istanbul (Turkey), Lisbon (Portugal) and Thessaloniki (Greece). For each case study, ground motion scenarios were developed for the two most probable events with different return periods (generally 50 and 500 years), locations and magnitudes that were derived from historical and geological data. The ground motion simulations were performed in the frequency band of engineering interest (0.5-20 Hz) by two numerical finite-fault methods: a hybrid deterministic-stochastic method, DSM, used for all of the cases investigated, and a non-stationary stochastic finite-fault simulation method, RSSIM, applied only in the case of Lisbon. In the present study, the results with respect to bedrock and surface are presented in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA) for the city of Lisbon and the surrounding area, using earthquake scenarios from the onshore source area of the Lower Tagus Valley, and from the offshore source area of the Marques de Pombal fault, which is one of the possible sources of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. Site effects are evaluated by means of a properly designed equivalent stochastic non-linear one-dimensional ground response analyses of stratified soil profile units. The requirements of the users (e.g., engineers, local administrators) constrain the choice of the scenario that can be adopted as input for disaster scenario predictions and loss modelling; in the case of Lisbon, the maximum values of shaking were assumed as the criteria for the reference scenarios.
    Description: Published
    Description: 233-243
    Description: 3T. Storia Sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Simulating Earthquake Scenarios ; European LESSLOSS project ; The Case of Lisbon ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 36
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    Heavy metals distribution of soils around mining sites of cadmium-rich marine sedimentary phosphorites of Kpogamé and Hahotoé (Southern Togo) (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Metal concentrations of 37 soil samples taken from mining areas (abandoned mine pits and transport routes) in Kpogamé and Hahotoé (southern Togo) range from 0.2-43 ppm for Cd, 15-115 ppm for Pb, 182-1,029 ppm for Cr, 18-356 ppm for Cu, 15-342 pm for Ni, 90-513 ppm for V, 35-536 ppm for Zn, 80-469 ppm for Zr and 266-3,161 ppm for Sr. The tropical alteration of the ore waste plays an important role in the distribution of trace elements in the studied soils. Because the alteration affects the element mobility, generally old abandoned mining areas, which , together with soils near the transport routes, show a higher degree of contamination. Under low pH and oxidising conditions in studied soils Cd, Ni and Zn are generally easily mobilised and are thus available to the environment.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Heavy metals ; Pollution ; Heavy metals ; Mining ; Phosphorite ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 37
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    VLNDEF Project for Geodetic Infrastructure Definition of Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: Scientific investigations in Antarctica are, for many different reasons, a challenging and fascinating task. Measurements, observations and field operations must be carefully planned well in advance and the capacity of successfully meeting the goals of a scientific project is often related to the capacity of forecasting and anticipating the many different potential mishaps. In order to do that, experience and logistic support are crucial. On the scientific side, the team must be aware of its tasks and be prepared to carry out observations in a hostile environment: both technology and human resources have to be suitably selected, prepared, tested and trained. On the logistic side, nations, institutions and any other organisation involved in the expeditions must ensure the proper amount of competence and practical support. The history of modern Italian Antarctic expeditions dates back to the middle 80’s when the first infrastructures of “Mario Zucchelli Station”, formerly Terra Nova Bay Station, were settled at Terra Nova Bay, Northern Victoria Land. Only a few years later, the first geodetic infrastructures were planned and built. Italian geodetic facilities and activities were, ever since, being constantly maintained and developed. Nowadays, the most remarkable geodetic infrastructures are the permanent Global Positioning System (GPS) station (TNB1) installed at Mario Zucchelli and the GPS geodetic network Victoria Land Network for DEFormation control (VLNDEF) entirely deployed on an area extending between 71° S and 76° S and 160° E and 170° E. These facilities do not only allow carrying out utmost geodetic investigations but also posses interesting capacities on the international multidisciplinary scientific scenario. In order to fully exploit their potentiality, management and maintenance of the infrastructure are crucial; nevertheless, in order to perform high quality scientific research, these abilities must be coupled with the knowledge concerning a proper use and a correct processing of the information that these infrastructures can provide. This work focuses on the different methods that can be applied to process the observations that are performed with GPS technique in Northern Victoria Land, aiming at reaching the highest accuracy of results and assuring the larger significance and versatility of the processing outcomes. Three software were used for the analysis, namely: Bernese v.5.0, Gipsy/Oasis II and Gamit/Globk. The working data sets are (i) the permanent GPS station TNB1 observations continuously performed since 1998 and (ii) the five episodic campaigns performed on the sites of VLNDEF. The two infrastructures can be regarded as neat examples of standard geodetic installation in Antarctica. Therefore, the technological solutions that were adopted and applied for establishing the GPS permanent station and the VLNDEF geodetic network as well as the data processing strategies and the data analysis procedures that were tested on their observation will be illustrated in detail. The results will be presented, compared and discussed. Furthermore, their potentials and role in geodetic research will be carefully described; their versatility will also be highlighted in the foreground of a multidisciplinary Antarctic international scientific activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 37-72
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Antarctica ; Geodesy ; Geodetic Infrastructures ; GPS ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.08. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 38
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    Correlation between damage distribution and ambient noise H/V spectral ratio: the SESAME project results (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-24
    Description: In the framework of the SESAME project one of the taskswas the compilation of all available ambient noise measurements within urban environments affected by historical or/and recent strong earthquakes in Europe. The aim of such a task was to give an answer to the question; “How does horizontal-to-vertical ambient noise spectral ratio compare with damage in modern cities?”. For this purpose five European urban areas, namely, Angra do Heroismo (Portugal), Fabriano and Palermo (Italy), Thessaloniki and Kalamata (Greece) were selected for which spatial damage information was available either in terms of modified Mercalli intensity or in EMS98 damage grades. The geological setting of the examined sites as well as the causative earthquakes are satisfactorily known. Ambient noise recordings compiled for all examined sites have been homogeneously processed by a technique developed and agreed upon SESAME project. Using a standard multivariate statistical analysis, namely, factor analysis and canonical correlation, the horizontal-to-vertical ambient noise spectral ratio (HVNSR) is correlated with damage pattern observed within examined urban areas. Results show that, in some cases (Thessaloniki, Palermo), the HVNSR seems to be able to differentiate between areas previously shown to be associated with higher damage. In other cases however (Angra do Heroismo, Fabriano, Kalamata), the correlation is not statistically significant indicating thus the complex character of the parameters involved, implying that currently there is no a straightforward way that a value of HVNSR can correctly predict the extent to which a given region will be associated with increased damage.
    Description: Published
    Description: 109–140
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Ambient noise ; Site effect ; Macroseismic intensity ; Factor and canonical analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 39
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    Deriving vulnerability curves using Italian earthquake damage data (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-24
    Description: The concerted effort to collect earthquake damage data in Italy over the past 30 years has led to the development of an extensive database from which vulnerability predictions for the Italian building stock can be derived. A methodology to derive empirical vulnerability curves with the aforementioned data is presented herein and the resulting curves have been directly compared with mechanics-based vulnerability curves. However, it has been found that a valid comparison between the empirical and analytical vulnerability curves is not possible mainly due to a number of shortcomings in the database of surveyed buildings. A detailed discussion of the difficulties in deriving vulnerability curves from the current observed damage database is thus also presented.
    Description: DPC — Dipartimento della Protezione Civile MIUR – Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca - project AIRPLANE
    Description: Published
    Description: 485–504
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: vulnerability curves ; damage data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 40
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    Progress, prospects and pitfalls in primate biogeography (2008)
    Springer
    In:  Primate Biogeography, Progress and Prospects vol. 77 no. 2, pp. 135-138
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Keywords: primates ; biogeography
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/review
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 41
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    Orbits (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 42
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    Dynamics of Complex Intracontinental Basins : the Central European Basin System (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AUTOMATED MEASUREMENT OF ASTRONOMICAL PHOTOGRAPHS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 10 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The development of an automated photographic measuring system (APM) is described. A very accurate laser beam scanning microdensitometer is used to digitise the photographic plate and a series of on line computers analyses the data during scanning. The system is available as a national facility for United Kingdom astronomers and guest investigators.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméOn décrit un systéme automatisé de saisie de données sur cliché. Un microdensitométre à laser numérise la plaque photographique et les données sont analysées en temps réel par ordinateur. Le systeme est destiné aux astronomes du Royaume Uni et aux chercheurs y séjournant.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ZusammenfassungBeschreibung eines automatisierten photographischen Messsystems (APM). Ein hochgenaues Laser-Mikrodensitometer wird dabei zur Digitalisierung der Bilder benutzt, undeine Serie von On-line-Rechnern analysiert die Daten während der Abtastung. Das System steht für Astronomen im Vereinigten Königreich und anderen Forschern zur Verfügung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1981.tb00142.x
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE REFLEX PLOTTERS: MEASUREMENT WITHOUT PHOTOGRAPHS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 10 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Two complementary measuring instruments are described which use a very simple principle and which take three dimensional measurements or plots directly from small objects. The first instrument can achieve accuracies of ± 0·3 mm on objects whose largest dimension is 300 mm. The second can achieve ± 0·02 mm on objects smaller than a 25 mm cube.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméOn présente deux instruments de mesure complémentaires el de principe très simple permettant de relever dans l'espace des coordonnées sur de petits objets, le premier avec une exactitude de ± 0.3 mm sur des objets de dimension inférieure à 300 mm, le second avec une exactitude de ± 0.02 mm sur des objets de dimension inférieure à 25 mm.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ZusammenfassungBeschreibung von zwei Zusatzmessgeräten, die auf einem sehr einfachen Prinzip beruhen und mit denen dreidimensionale Messungen oder Auswertungen von kleinen Objekten direkt durchgeführt werden konnen. Mil dem ersten Gerät kann eine Genauigkeit von ± 0,3 mm bei maximalen Objekt abmessungen von 300 mm und mit dem zweiten von ± 0,02 mm bein Objekten, die kleiner als ein 25 mm-Kubus sind, erreicht werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1981.tb00143.x
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NOTES (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 10 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1981.tb00151.x
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ORTHOPHOTOMAP PRODUCTION IN A COMMERCIAL SURVEY ORGANISATION (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 10 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper outlines the technical procedures used in commercial orthophotomap production and attempts to identify some of the main differences in technical approach between orthophotomapping and conventional line mapping.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméOn décrit les techniques industrielles de production d'orthophotocartes et on compare leur emploi avec celui des techniques classiques.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ZusammenfassungSkizzierung der Technologien, die bei der kommerziellen Herstellung von Orthofotokarten angewendet werden, wobei versucht wird, die hauptsächlichen Unterschiede der Techniken zur Herstellung von Orthofotokarten und konventionellen Strichkarten aufzudecken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1981.tb00224.x
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STABILITY OF RELATIVE ORIENTATION (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 10 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper investigates the effect of the deviation of measured points from the standard locations when carrying out a relative orientation of a stereomodel. The analytical solution of more than 100 cases was considered and, for each case, the weights for the elements of relative orientation and the correlation coefficients were evaluated. The stability of the solution was studied by calculating the characteristic roots of the matrix of normal equations.It is shown that, theoretically, the solution of the relative orientation problem can always be achieved whenever the locations of the measured points satisfy stated geometrical requirements. However, the reliability of the solution depends on their exact positions in the stereomodel. When the accuracy is too low, in practice there is no solution.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméOn étudié l'effet sur l'orientation relative d'un couple de variations de position des points de base. Plus de 100 cas ont été considérés et à chaque fois ont été estimées les précisions des paramètres calculés ainsi que leur correlation. On a de plus, étudié la stabilité de la solution par l'intermédiaire des valeurs propres de la matrice normale.Il n'est pas indispensable, en principe, d'imposer de contraintes précises au choix des points de base; mais de ce choix dépend la fiabilité de la solution, faible s‘il est par trop fantaisiste.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ZusammenfassungIn der Arbeit wird der Einfluss der Abweichung der gemessenen Punkte von ihrer Standardlage bei relativer Orientierung eines Stereomodells untersucht. Dazu werden mehr als 100 analytische Lösungen analysiert und für jeden Fall die Gewichte der Elemente der relativen Orientierung und die Korrelationskoeffizienten berechnet. Die Stabilität der Lösung wurde durch Berechnung der charakteristischen Wurzeln der Matrix der Normalgleichungen abgeschätzt.Es wird gezeigt, dass theoretisch immer die Lösung des Problems der relativen Orientierung erreicht werden kann, sobald die Lage der Messpunkte die geometrischen Anforderungen erfüllt. Die Zuverlässigkeit der Lösung hängt jedoch von der exakten Lage der Punkte ab. Wenn ihre Genauigkeit zu gering ist, gibt es praktisch keine Lösung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1981.tb00227.x
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A STEREOCOMPARATOR WITH COMPUTER CONTROLLED CORRECTING DEVICES (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 10 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: An automatic plotting instrument development is described where the coordinate corrections are introduced in the optical system and not at the photograph. It is suggested that the opto-mechanical devices used for correction and the proposed use of microprocessors for control of these devices offer the possibility of producing a low cost automatic plotter and stereocomparator.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméOn decrit une solution au probléme de la correction des coordonnées cliché pour le restituteur analytique et le stéréocomparateur: ces corrections sont introduites dans la partie optique du système et commandées par l'intermédiaire de microprocesseurs. Ceci devrait permettre d'abaisser le coût de ce type d'appareil.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ZusammenfassungBeschreibung eines automatischen Auswertegerätes, bei dem die Koordinatenkorrekturen nicht den Bildträgern, sondern dem optischen System zugeführt werden. Es wird angenommen, dass die zur Korrektur verwendeten optisch-mechanischen Vorrichtungen und die vorgeschlagene Verwendung von Mikroprozessoren zu deren Steuerung die Möglichkeit zum Bau eines billigen automatischen Auswertegerätes und Stereokomparators bieten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1981.tb00141.x
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EDITORIAL (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 10 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1981.tb00139.x
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ANALYTICAL PLOTTER AND NUMERICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 10 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The paper deals with the analytical plotter and its impact on numerical photogrammetry. A short introductory section is followed by examples of the use of a Zeiss (Oberkochen) Planicomp C100 in analytical aerial triangulation, close range photogrammetry and the generation of digital height models. The examples demonstrate the suitability of the analytical plotter for numerical photogrammetry. Computer assistance and computer control allow for advanced data acquisition of high accuracy and speed. In addition, the minicomputer controlling the analytical plotter can be used for subsequent data processing. As a result, projects involving numerical photogrammetry can be carried out entirely in-house, without the need of an external computer.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméLe restituteur analytique et la photogrammétrie numérique. On cite des applications du Planicomp C100: aérotriangulation analytique, photogrammétrie à courte distance, constitution de modéles numériques de terrain. Efficacité, rendement, haute exactitude, tels sont les avantages du restituteur analytique. On peut d'autre part bénéficier de l'ordinateur pour toutes sortes de traitements ultérieurs.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Analytischen Plotter (AP) und seiner Auswirkung auf die Numerische Photogrammetrie. Nach einem kurzen Einführungsteil wird über den Einsatz eines Zeiss (Oberkochen) Planicomp C100 in der Analytischen Aerotriangulation, in der Nahbereichsphotogrammetrie und beim A ufbau Digitaler Höhenmodelle berichtet. Die Beispiele veranschaulichen die Eignung des AP für die numerische Photogrammetrie. Einerseits erlauben Rechnerstützung und Rechnersteuerung eine allgemeine, genaue und schnelle Datengewinnung. Darüberhinaus aber ermöglicht der, für die Steuerung des AP verfügbare Minicomputer die rechnerische Weiterverarbeitung der Messdaten. Auf diese Weise können numerisch-photogrammetrische Projekte ohne Einsatz eines externen Computers vollständig bearbeitet werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    PHOTOGRAMMETRY ROUND THE WORLD (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 10 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1981.tb00149.x
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 10 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Book Reviewed in this article:SPHERE, SPHEROID AND PROJECTIONS FOR SURVEYORS. By J. E. Jackson.REMOTE SENSING IN ARCHAEOLOGY, CULTURAL RESOURCES TREATMENT AND ANTHROPOLOGY: THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN 1979. By J. I. Ebert and T. R. Lyons.A HISTORY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL AIR PHOTOGRAPHY IN GREAT BRITAIN. By R. R. Downey.PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING SURVEY CONFERENCE, LONDON, 1980. Edited by M. A. R. Cooper.ANALYSIS AND ADJUSTMENT OF SURVEY MEASUREMENTS. By E. M. Mikhail and G. Gracie.A HISTORY OF THE ORDNANCE SURVEY. Edited by W. A. Seymour.IN FOCUS: a rated guide to the best in photographic equipment. By J. Holtz.MAPS AND SURVEYS OF MALAWI. By C. G. C. Martin and other contributors.
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    LIST OF MEMBERS of the PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SOCIETY (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 10 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: When a member is thought to be domiciled or employed abroad, the name of the country has been added. Errors and omissions should be notified to the Honorary Secretary.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1981.tb00241.x
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    AIRBORNE METRIC CAMERA VIBRATION (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 10 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: A brief review of work on airborne metric camera movement has been made. The tolerances for permissible image movement set by various investigators are discussed.The biggest single fault with most metric camera mountings in current use is that the centre of gravity of the camera is well above the line of action of the resilient elastic restoring forces. This results in coupling between the linear vibration of the airframe and the angular motion of the camera. There is a need for a simple device which can be attached to a survey camera in order to record angular motion during actual survey missions.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméAprès une brève revue des travaux concernant les mouvements d'une chambre de prise de vue en vol, on discute les tolérances couramment admises pour ces mouvements.Le défaut de montage le plus fréquemment rencontré, est que le centre de gravité de la chambre est au-dessus de la ligne d'équilibre des forces agissantes.D'où un couplage entre la vibration longitudinale du porte-chambre et le mouvement angulaire de la chambre. Il faudrait créer un dispositif simple permettant d'enregistrer ce mouvement pendant les vols.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ZusammenfassungEs wird ein kurzer Überblick über die Arbeiten zur Bewegung von Luftbildmesskammern gegeben. Die von verschiedenen Autoren für die zulässige Bildwanderung angegebenen Toleranzen werden diskutiert. Der schwerwiegendste Fehler, der am meisten bei den gegenwärtig verwendeten Messkammern auftritt, ist der, dass der Kammerschwerpunkt über der Wirkungslinie der schwingungsdämpfenden Kräfte liegt. Daraus resultiert eine Paarung der linearen Vibration mit der Winkelbewegung der Kammer. Es besteht Bedarf für eine einfache Vorrichtung, die an einer Messkammer befestigt werden kann, um die Winkelbewegungen während des Bildflugs aufzuzeichnen.
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    ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, 1980 (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 10 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1981.tb00232.x
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    OBITUARIES (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1981.tb00240.x
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    The Dynamics of Micronuclear Mitosis in the Living Ciliate Spirostomum teres as Revealed by Polarization Microscopy (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Micronuclear mitosis in living Spirostomum teres has been studied by sensitive polarization microscopy, and the dynamic aspects of micronuclear division are described. The small, spherical, interphase micronuclei lie in form-fitting depressions in the macronuclear surface. Nuclear division begins with the rounding and slight swelling of the macronucleus and, coincidentally, the micronuclei move out of the depressions and away from the macronucleus, increase in size, and become weakly birefringent. As mitosis proceeds, the micronuclei increase in uniaxial birefringence and elongate to form irregular ovoids that convert to angular structures displaying principal axes of positive birefringence so divergent as to appear oriented at a right angle to one another. Micronuclei maintain this appearance for as long as 60 min and then abruptly change to rectangular-shaped structures, increase in uniaxial birefringence, and begin anaphase elongation. The somewhat dumbbell-shaped micronuclei lengthen at the constant rate of 2.0 μm/min to reach lengths 〉70 μm. It appears that little half-spindle shortening occurs during spindle elongation. Accompanying the changes in micronuclear spindle length are changes in birefringence. Just before elongation begins, presumably metaphase, the micronucleus is uniformly and intensely birefringent. At the magnifications employed, a chromosome plate is not clearly visible as a region of reduced birefringence. As elongation begins, the putative half-spindles are more birefringent than is the interzone, a condition that is maintained until the spindles have achieved ∼30% elongation, at which time a region of increased birefringence develops at the center of the interzone. This pattern persists for a very short time, then gives way to a uniform birefringence of the entire separation spindle that is maintained until elongation is completed. The rate of micronuclear spindle elongation, changes in micronuclear dimensions, and corresponding changes in birefringence are discussed with respect to possible mechanisms of mitosis.
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    Occurrence of Amoebae In and Around the Mushroom Laccaria trullisata (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Studies performed with the basidiomycete Laccaria trullisata collected from the sandy beach at the Hempstead Lake State Park, Long Island, New York, during the growing seasons of 1979 and 1980, have demonstrated a carposphere (equivalent to rhizosphere) effect. This region exerts a positive influence on the population density of amoebae when numbers are compared with those obtained in the bare sand 5 cm away. Moreover, amoebae have been shown to exist in, and have been recovered from, internal tissue of the cap (72%) and stalk (91%) of these mushrooms. A partial characterization of three strains of amoebae isolated from the internal tissue of L. trullisata and established in clonal culture is presented.
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    Données Nouvelles sur Quelques Processus Morphogénétiques chez les Hypotriches, Notamment dans le Genre Euplotes: Leur Contribution à l'Approche Evolutionniste du Problème de la Régulation de l'Activité Morphogenétique chez les Ciliés (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: L'étude, par le protargol, des phénomènes infraciliaires et de leur corrélation avec les phénomènes nucléaires au cours de l'autogamie dans le genre Euplotes montre, par comparaison avec la conjugaison, que les diverses étapes de la morphogenèse sont liées à la progression de l'état nucléaire. Par ailleurs, l'étude comparative des différents types de morphogenèse (bipartition, phénomena sexuel, réorganisation induite par le jeǔne) permet de supposer qu'il existe deux territoires morphogènes soumis à des systèmes de régulation bien distincts. La comparaison des séquences de morphogenèse chez divers hypotriches conduit à dresser un plan général d'évolution de la régulation de l'activité corticale en relation avec l'étendue des remaniements associés à la stomatogenèse.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉ABSTRACTThe changes in the arrangement of the infraciliature associated with autogamy in Euplotes are described and compared with similar events associated with conjugation. The successive steps of morphogenesis are strongly correlated with nuclear processes. The comparative study of different types of morphogenesis (binary fission, sexual phenomena, starvation-induced reorganization) leads to the hypothesis that two morphogenetic fields (a ventral one and a dorsal one) depend on separate regulatory systems. From the viewpoint of evolution, the morphogenetic sequences of some hypotrichs have been compared. A general scheme of the evolution of cortical regulation is proposed, taking into account the extension of the area concerned with stomatogenic activity.
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    Histological and Ultrastructural Studies of the Interaction of Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites with Mouse Omentum in Experimental Infection (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mouse omentum was studied after intraperitoneal challenge with tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasites inhabit omental histiocytes, fibroblasts, mesothelial cells, and free peritoneal macrophages. Recently infected cells showed enhanced metabolic and functional activity. Villous projections of the parasitophorous vacuole wall appeared, usually opposite the anterior pole of the parasite. In mesothelial cells, projections formed terminal swellings not observed in other infected cells. Activation of host cells was followed by reduction of the density of the cytoplasmic matrix, autophagosome formation, and intracellular edema, indicating the damage. The wall of the parasitophorous vacuole loses the supporting host cell endoplasmic reticulum that was attached to the vacuole just after entrance of the parasite into the cell. Then lysis of the parasitophorous vacuole and complete cell destruction occurs. The growth of parasites in undamaged cells does not coincide with the inflammatory response. Inflammation of the peritoneum develops only after the start of mass destruction of infected cells. Thus tachyzoites of Toxoplasma exert significant pathogenic effects by their ability to activate the host cell, causing lysis of the parasitophorous vacuole and subsequent destruction of the entire cell.
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    In Memoriam: TRACY M. SONNEBORN (1905–1981): A Personal Panegyric (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb02819.x
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    In Memoriam: ASA ARTHUR SCHAEFFER (1883–1980) (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb02820.x
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    Electrically Induced Tentacle Retraction in the Suctorian Protozoon Discophrya collini (Root) (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Discophrya collini is a free-living suctorian with retractile tentacles covered by a thick fibrous cortex. The tentacles contain a microtubular central canal surrounded at the base by a fibrous collar. Electrical stimulation induces a reproducible tentacle retraction. With extracellular electrodes, the tentacles nearest the anode respond initially, contracting by up to 75% of their original length. There is an inverse relationship between voltage level and duration of stimulus in producing a threshold response, and at a set voltage, between duration and degree of retraction. With intracellular electrodes, the membrane potential has been measured as -30 mV, and tentacle retraction occurs in response to as little as 1.25 nA when the intracellular electrode is made the cathode of the circuit. SEM studies show that retracted tentacles have a wrinkled cortex, while TEM shows that the microtubular canal bends as it enters the cytoplasm. No consistent changes occur in the microtubule configuration of the canal on retraction, suggesting that the microtubules are not directly involved in the contractile mechanism.
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    Rapid In Vitro Prescreen for Chelators as Potential Trypanocides Based on Growth of Crithidia fasciculata (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A rapid in vitro prescreen for Fe-binding chelators has been developed with growth of Crithidia fasciculata and the sparing of its heme requirement in a defined medium as a test system. The prescreen functions as an index of chelator-mediated Fe transport and as an index of growth inhibition, presumably by the interference with Fe and/or heme metabolism at intracellular chelatable sites. Of 161 chelators examined, 84 were active heme-sparers; 32 of these inhibited growth at low chelator concentrations. Twenty-eight other chelators inhibited growth and another 49 were inactive. Such chelating activity directed at Fe and heme targets in hemoflagellates may provide leads for chemotherapy.
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    Determination of Maximal Growth Rate Using Continuous Culture (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Study of microorganism growth kinetics requires measurement of maximal specific growth rate. Standard methods of measurement-batch, semicontinuous and continuous steady state-have sources of imprecision that can be substantially reduced by a modification of the continuous steady-state method. Data are presented, using the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis, that indicate that the theoretical foundation of the new method is firm and that precision can be increased.
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    Identification of Surface Proteins on Viable Plasmodium knowlesi Merozoites (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Viable merozoites of Plasmodium knowlesi were isolated and the proteins that were labeled on intact merozoites by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination were identified. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of Triton soluble extracts of labeled merozoites demonstrated eight major bands ranging in apparent molecular weight from 150,000 D to 22,000 D. Exposure of intact merozoites to trypsin (10 μg/ml) for 10 min resulted in the loss of the two highest molecular weight proteins (150,000 D and 105,000 D) and the appearance of two new bands at 70,000 D and 62,000 D. Trypsin treatment under these conditions also removed the receptor(s) for merozoite attachment to erythrocytes. Therefore, these high molecular weight proteins are candidates for the merozoite component that attaches to erythrocytes. There was no evidence that the labeled membrane components were serum or erythrocyte membrane components, two potential contaminants in the preparation. Anti-rhesus erythrocyte antibody did not precipitate labeled merozoite proteins. Furthermore, the immunoprecipitation of labeled merozoite proteins by rhesus anti-merozoite serum was not inhibited by erythrocyte ghosts.
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    Ultrastructural Differences Between Species of Trypanosomatids With and Without Endosymbionts (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Species of trypanosomatids without endosymbionts (Leptomonas seymouri, L. collosoma, L. samueli, Crithidia fasciculata, C. luciliae, C. acanthocephali, Herpetomonas megaseliae, H. mariadeanei, H. samuelpessoai, H. muscarum muscarum, Trypanosoma cruzi) and species of trypanosomatids with endosymbionts (Crithidia deanei, C. oncopelti, Blastocrithidia culicis) were comparatively studied by means of electron microscopy. Artificially aposymbiotic strains derived from species with symbiont were also included in the survey. Species with symbiont were found to differ in some ultrastructural aspects from the group of species without symbiont. Paraxial rods of flagella or intraflagellar structure were found exclusively in species without symbiont. Peripheral branching of mitochondria, accompanied by absence of subpellicular microtubules in sites where the mitochondrial branches are appressed to the cell membrane, were found exclusively in species with symbiont. Networks of kinetoplast DNA fibrils were found to be larger and looser in species with symbiont. Symbiont-free strains of species with symbiont retained the same morphological characteristics of their parental species.
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    Particle Assemblies in the Plasma Membrane of Tetrahymena: Relationship to Cell Surface Topography and Cellular Morphogenesis (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: During a freeze-fracture electron microscopical study of the plasma membrane of Tetrahymena, several different types of organized particle assemblies were observed. Three of these were found only on the protoplasmic face and were localized in the anterior-ventral region of the cell. These consisted of plate-like arrays composed of 4–25 triplet rows of small 3–4 nm particles; long, paired linear arrays localized at the tops of cortical ridges and composed of 7–8 nm particles; and elongated tetragonal arrays located in the grooves between ridges and composed of approximately 10 nm particles. The distribution of these arrays is consistent with roles in cellular morphogenesis, chemoreception, or cell-cell pairing during conjugation. In addition, a unique particle track associated with the cytoproct (anal pore) was observed in the external face of the plasma membrane. Furthermore, the protoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is characterized by a high density of particles organized into localized microarrays, consisting of small paracrystals or strings, which exhibit a loose higher-order patterning most evident toward the anterior end of the cell. Particle distributions on the protoplasmic face do not appear to be significantly altered by conditions that cause clumping of alveolar membrane particles. Taken together, these observations are consistent with the idea that the proteins of the plasma membrane are highly ordered and relatively immobile and that the structure of the plasma membrane is regionally differentiated.
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    Dactylosoma hannesi n. sp. (Dactylosomatidae, Piroplasmia) Found in the Blood of Grey Mullets (Mugilidae) from South Africa (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . A new species of Dactylosoma (Dactylosomatidae, Piroplasmia), for which the name Dactylosoma hannesi n. sp. is proposed, was discovered in blood erythrocytes of Mugil cephalus, Liza richardsoni, and L. dumerili (Mugilidae) from Swartkops estuary, located east of Port Elizabeth, South Africa. The life cycle of this species differs in some respects from that described for all other known species of Dactylosoma and Babesiosoma. Mature schizonts contain eight nuclei but undergo division only to two to four daughter cells. During cytoplasmic cleavage, schizonts assume triad, rosette, or cruciform shapes. Merozoites are finally produced through a series of binary fissions of these daughter cells which may also be involved in additional nuclear divisions.
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    Titles of Recent Books Received for Review (1981)
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    Ultrastructure of the Flagellar Apparatus and Attachment of Herpetomonas ampelophilae in the Gut and Malpighian Tubules of Drosophila melanogaster (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Electron microscopy was used to examine the flagellar apparatus of Herpetomonas ampelophilae from the gut and malpighian tubules of Drosophila melanogaster. The flagellates attach to the microvilli either by weaving their flagella between the microvilli or by engulfing several microvilli with an external flagellar membrane. The first type predominated in the gut while the second type was limited to the malpighian tubules. Desmosomes were not involved in either type of attachment. A subpellicular collar with emerging microtubules was found to be adjacent to the desmosome of the flagellar pocket of herpetomonads in the gut.
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    Ultrastructural Damage by Cadmium in a Marine Dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum micans (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Notes: Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg, a free-living marine dinoflagellate, was used to test the intracellular toxic action of cadmium. The cells were cultivated in Erdschreiber medium, with Cd concentrations of 10–100 ppb. Thin sections of treated cells, examined ultramicroscopically, exhibited vacuolations, increased numbers of lysosomes, and severe mitochondrial damage. The first two alterations are a general response to toxicity; the third is Cd specific. Although some chloroplasts were affected by Cd, they were not very sensitive to its action. The nuclear apparatus was not morphologically affected.
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    Isospora as an Extraintestinal Parasite of Passerine Birds (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Notes: Toxoplasma-like avian parasites inhabiting mononuclear phagocytes have been called Haemogregarina, Toxoplasma. avian Toxoplasma, Atoxoplasma, and Lankesterella by various authors. My attempts to transmit the parasites by bloodsucking mites or by transfer of blood and tissues of infected sparrows and canaries were unsuccessful. However, it was noted that the infection was exacerbated under conditions that favored transmission of coccidiosis: crowding and lack of cleanliness. Oral inoculation of sporulated oocysts of Isospora resulted in death from overwhelming macrophage infection with Toxoplasma-like organisms. Experiments using sparrows and canaries showed that the Isospora species involved was not cross infectious. Further investigations using canaries demonstrated that after oral oocyst inoculation, infection of macrophages spread from the submucosa of the duodenum to the liver. spleen, and lungs. After several generations in the internal organs, asexual multiplication, occured in the intestinal epithelium of the small intestinc. Fecal oocysts first appeared at the end of 9–10 days. Oocysts continued to be passed in the feces for months after infection. This chronicity may be explained by the relatively long life of the macrophages that serve as host cells for the asexual stages as compared to the intestinal epithelium which is the cell type parasitized by conventional coccidia.
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    Mitosis of Micronuclei During Division and Regeneration in the Ciliate Stentor coeruleus (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Stages of mitosis of the micronuclei of Stentor coeruleus were described as seen by transmission electron microscopy. Cells in division and those regenerating new oral membranelles were studied. Microtubules were found in early prophase in the karyoplasm and interspersed between the condensing chromatin. A monaxial intranuclear spindle is formed by early metaphase, with kinetochore microtubule attachment sites on the chromosomes. The spindle elongates, separating the daughter nuclei at anaphase. A new nuclear envelope, consisting of two unit membranes, begins to form at late anaphase. Small segments of membrane found in the space between the newly forming and the old micronuclear envelopes appear to fuse to form the new nuclear envelope. No ultrastructural differences were found in the mitotic nuclei of cells in division or regeneration.
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  • 75
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    Ionic Resistance in Strains of the Tetrahymena pyriformis Complex (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Strains of Tetrahymena thermophila were examined in an attempt to establish what role certain ions (Na+, K+, Li+, Ba++, Ca++, Mg++, Mn++, Al+++, Fe+++) play in influencing cell survival time in a culture medium. In short-term experiments (20–30 min), cell survival time in a 1% peptone medium is directly related to the valence of the ion employed. Long-term observations (lasting up to five days) in a 1% peptone medium containing lower ion concentrations revealed that the effects on cell-cycle time are not correlated with the valence state of the ion. Comparisons were made among the ionic resistances of strains of T. thermophila, of T. pyriformis sensu stricto, and of two subspecies of T. pigmentosa. Strains within a species are highly correlated in their patterns of ionic response, while marked differences between species occur. The most distinctive group of strains examined came from one of the subspecies (syngen 6) of T. pigmentosa.
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  • 76
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    Yield Constant for Acanthamoeba polyphaga in Batch and Continuous Culture (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . A two-stage chemostat modified to accommodate the growth of adhesive organisms was used to determine the yield constant, Y, of a representative soil amoeba, Acanthamoeba polyphaga, utilizing as its prey Pseudomonas paucimobilis. The first stage consisted of a glucose-limited bacterial culture in steady state. The second stage consisted of a simplified predator-prey system, nongrowing bacteria serving as the limiting substrate for amoebae. A refined methodology to more accurately determine Y was developed, and Y for Acanthamoeba polyphaga in batch and continuous culture was determined to be 19.1%.
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    Effect of Cell Density on Thermotaxis of Paramecium (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . The swiftness of thermotaxis of Paramecium caudatum has been investigated for various populations of organisms by measuring the transient spatial distribution of the gathering process of organisms that are transferred to a temperature-gradient cell from the culture medium. The dispersion obtained from the spatial distribution for each population is found to decrease linearly with time and finally reach a steady state value. The gathering rate determined by the slope of the dispersion strongly depends on population; it increases with population.
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    Generation Time and Growth Rate of the Human Intestinal Parasite Blastocystis hominis (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Notes: . Blastocystis hominis, an anaerobic intestinal protozoan parasite of man, has a generation time (GT) in axenic culture of 8.5–19.4 h, depending on the strain tested. Average GT of the eight strains was 11.7 h. Zero growth time cell counts of 5.0 × 105/ml to 2.0 × 106/ml rose in 3–5 days to 1 × 107 or 1 × 108 cells/ml. The GT was determined for the 24-h period during which the most rapid growth occurred; about 2% of the B. hominis cells were in division during this time. Division under the culture conditions provided was by binary fission, the usual mode for B. hominis in vitro as well as in vivo. Division times were determined also by direct observation of individual dividing cells in slide cultures. These were usually ca. 40–60 min but sometimes as low as 20 min.
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    The Unique Position of the Degenerating Macronucleus in Tetrahymena tropicalis (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Notes: In contrast to the situation in 13 other species of the Tetrahymena pyriformis complex, in which the condensed degenerating old macronucleus lies in the posterior end of the cell during the late stages of conjugation, in Tetrahymena tropicalis that nucleus is found in the anterior portion. This developmental characteristic may be useful for taxonomic purposes as well as being of value in investigations on nucleocytoplasmic interaction.
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    Eimeria and Sarcocystis in Raccoons in Illinois (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Notes: Eimeria nuttalli oocysts were found in 58% (21/36) and E. procyonis oocysts in 25% (9/36) of raccoons Procyon lotor in Illinois, and sporocysts of Sarcocystis sp. in 17% (2/12) of other raccoons in Illinois. The oocysts of E. nuttalli were ellipsoidal to ovoid. 15–21 × 12–17 μm, with a one-layered, smooth, colorless wall. The oocysts of E. procyonis were 22–28 × 18–22 μm, with a rough, striated, brownish, two-layered wall. The sporulated sporocysts of Sarcocystis sp. were 11–13 × 8–10 μm. Attempts to infect baby pigs by feeding them sporocysts of Sarcocystis sp. from the raccoon failed.
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    Discussion of Work on Isospora Species (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Notes: Comments are made concerning the work reported at this Conference by Dr. Edith Box. The importance of stress on the animals used in experimental work is emphasized. Difficulties in identification of isosporan species in birds are mentioned.
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    Intranuclear Parasitism of the Ciliate Euplotes by a Trypanosomatid Flagellate (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Notes: A trypanosomatid flagellate, Leptomonas sp., develops and multiplies in the macronucleus (only) of natural and laboratory-reared populations of the ciliate Euplotes. Up to 90% of the natural populations of Euplotes in our test pond had such nuclear infections. Laboratory infections were transmitted to this ciliate by feeding it liberated parasites. Paramecium resisted infections. All laboratory-induced infections were lethal to Euplotes, while control clones of the uninfected ciliates remained viable. This leptomonad, unlike Leptomonas karyophilus (found in Paramecium), shows no leishmanial forms in its several ciliate hosts and shows a varied pattern of locomotion.
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    Host and Site Specificity in the Coccidia: a Perspective (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Notes: Some generalizations of a decade ago are reexamined in light of modern advances in coccidiology. Perhaps surprisingly, not many modifications need or can yet be made. Future successes of significance will be in areas of immunology and chemical genetics.
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    Three New “Biological” Species of Tetrahymena (T. hegewischi n. sp., T. sonneborni n. sp., T. nipissingi n. sp.) and Temperature Tolerance of Members of the “pyriformis” Complex (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Notes: Stocks of the Tetrahymena pyriformis complex have been collected in North America and their mating reactivity has been studied. In addition to stocks mating with Tetrahymena americanis, T. borealis, T. pigmentosa, T. hyperangularis, and T. australis, stocks belonging to old syngen 5 and three new mating groups, numbers 13, 14, and 15, were discovered. Syngen 5 and groups 13 and 14 are distinct “biological” species, based on their reproductive isolation from other groups and on the ability of withingroup crosses to produce immature progeny. These species have been named T. hegewischi n. sp., T. sonneborni n. sp., and T. nipissingi n. sp., respectively. The cross between the two group 15 stocks did not produce immature progeny, and there is not sufficient evidence to conclude that this pair of stocks represents a separate species. Temperature tolerance measurements have been made on stocks representing all known micronucleate members of “pyriformis” complex. Within each species, the range of temperature tolerances is narrow; the average within-species standard deviation is 0.63°C. The species averages range from 32.7 to 40.7°C. Using syngen numbers, the order from lowest to highest temperature tolerance is 9, 8, 10, 7, 6, 4, 13, 14, 12, 11, 5, 3, 2, 1. The large differences among species make temperature tolerance a useful aid in identification, but the origins of the differences among species are unknown.
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    The Sarcocystidae: Sarcocystis, Frenkelia, Toxoplasma, Besnoitia, Hammondia, and Cystoisospora (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Notes: Members of the family Sarcocystidae, as defined by Frenkel, have had a complicated history, principally due to the existence of both coccidial and cystic stages. This formerly clandestine relationship resulted in dual or partial designations of nomenclature for individual species. The problem was further compounded by the obligatory heteroxeny of several of the genera, making it impossible to transmit the parasites from one individual to another of a single host. As a result, oocysts similar in appearance, though from hosts separated taxonomically up to the familial level, were sometimes considered to be identical. Discoveries within the last decade have generated much interest and some understanding. Current studies of these and other coccidia should emphasize complete cyclical transmissions with cognizance of potential heteroxeny with the production of tissue cysts in intermediate hosts.
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    Book Review Section (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Notes: Book reviews in this article: Ecology and Parasitology. Alexander, M., ed. 1980. Advances in Microbial Ecology Smith, H. G. 1978. The Distribution and Ecology of Terrestrial Protozoa of Sub-Antarctic and Maritime Antarctic Islands Taylor, Angela E. R. & Muller, R., eds. 1980. Vaccines Against Parasites Kreier, Julius P., ed. 1980. Malaria New Textbook of Protozoology Farmer, John N. 1980. The Protozoa: Introduction to Protozoology Phytoflagellates and Serial Endosymbiosis Theory Cox, Elenor R., ed. Phytoflagellates Tappan, Helen. 1980. The Paleobiology of Plant Protists. Margulis, Lynn. 1981. Symbiosis in Cell Evolution: Life and Its Environment on the Early Earth. Intercellular Communication and Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Interactions O'Day, Danton H. & Horgen, Paul A., eds. 1981. Sexual Interactions in Eukaryotic Microbes Whitson, Gary L., ed. 1980. Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Interactions in the Cell Cycle. Invertebrate Texts Alexander, R. McNeill. 1979. The Invertebrates Barnes, Robert D. 1980. Invertebrate Zoology Engemann, Joseph G. & (the late) Hegner, Robert W. 1981 Invertebrate Zoology ATCC Catalogue of Strains Hatt, Harold D., ed. 1980. The American Type Culture Collection: Catalogue of Strains I.
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    Content, Synthesis, and Function of Polyamines in Trypanosomatids: Relationship to Chemotherapy, (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Notes: Polyamines are multiply amine-substituted straight-chain aliphatics; their content in different tissues may vary widely, and their functions are many. Their main routes of biosynthesis originate from ornithine and methionine. Polyamine content and biosynthesis in tryposomatid flagellates are reviewed concluding with emphasis on their possible role as critical drug targets in these parasitic protozoa so pathogenic for man in large areas of the world.
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    Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Acanthamoeba spp. in Thermally Polluted Discharges and Surface Waters (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Notes: During spring and autumn, the total number of amoebae and the number of Acanthamoeba species able to grow at 37°C were determined in six thermally polluted factory discharges and the surrounding surface waters. The isolated Acanthamoeba strains were studied for growth in axenic medium, cytopathic effect in Vero cell cultures, and virulence in mice. Although more amoebae were isolated in autumn, the number of Acanthamoeba species was lower than in spring, when the percent of pathogenic strains among the isolates was highest. Higher concentrations of amoebae were found in warm discharges, and more virulent strains occurred in thermal discharges than in surface waters.
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    A Study of Choanoflagellates (Acanthoecidae) from the Weddell Sea, Including a Description of Diaphanoeca multiannulata n. sp. (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Notes: Eight species of loricate choanoflagellates (Acanthoecidae), Acanthoecopsis spiculifera Norris, Bicosta antennigera Moestrup, Bicosta spinifera Throndsen, Calliacantha multispina Manton & Oates, Calliacantha simplex Manton & Oates, Crinolina aperta Leadbeater, Diaphanoeca multiannulata n. sp., and Parvicorbicula socialis (Meunier) Deflandre, have been observed, by light and electron microscopy, in samples obtained from the Weddell Sea during the austral summer of 1977. Diaphanoeca multiannulata is described for the first time from these samples: the other organisms are discussed. The distribution of most species within the Weddell Sea was widespread. Habitats in which choanoflagellates were found included the water column, the edge of (or ponds on) ice floes, and the interior of ice floes. The distributional, environmental, habitat, and/or morphological range of all previously described species is expanded. Methods of variation of transverse costal diameters between genera may be potentially useful to the understanding of taxonomy and phylogeny of this family.
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    Ultrastructural Features of Allantosoma intestinalis, a Suctorian Ciliate Isolated from the Large Intestine of the Horse (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Notes: . Allantosoma intestinalis, a suctorian ciliate isolated from the intestine of the horse, was studied utilizing light and electron optical methods. These small sausage-shaped organisms have a varying number of tentacles (between one and 12) located at each extremity of the body. The microtubular axoneme of each tentacle in cross-section consists of two files of microtubules arranged in a daisy-like configuration. Haptocysts occur in the tentacle shaft, abutted to the plasma membrane of the knob of the tentacle, and in the cell body. The haptocysts are bottle-shaped, with prominent annular striations around their midportion. The cell is covered by three membranes, an outer plasma membrane, an outer alveolar, and an inner alveolar membrane. A thin epiplasmic layer is found beneath the inner alveolar membrane, and a single row of microtubules underlies the epiplasm. The subpellicular microtubules are arranged parallel to each other forming a corset around the cell along the long axis: such a system is not characteristic of suctorians. A field of diminutive kinetosomes (each 180 nm long, max. of 15 per field), lacking cilia, was found below the cortex. The function of these prokinetosomes is unknown. A ciliated swarmer has not been observed, only the nonciliated adult. The characteristics of Allantosoma are compared with those of other suctorian genera.
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    An Analysis of Specific Temperature Blocks in the Conjugation Sequence of Paramecium tetraurelia (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Temperature shifts have been used to block critical points in the conjugation sequence of Paramecium tetraurelia. Increasing temperatures above 27°C reduced ciliary agglutination, pair formation, and nuclear exchange; a complete inhibition of these stages occurred at 37°C. Temperatures below 19°C had no effect on ciliary agglutination or nuclear exchange but completely inhibited pair formation. The bases for the cells’ inability to form pairs at 19°C and 37°C were sought. Cells placed below 19°C were unable to deciliate or fuse membranes in the holdfast region; at 37°C, membrane fusion in both the holdfast and paroral regions was prevented. Time course studies on cross-fertilization reveal that temperatures 35°C block all stages of the process up to the actual exchange of pronuclei. After the exchange has begun, the process continues despite the elevated temperature. Temperature shifts are discussed as a means of conditionally blocking critical points in the developmental program of conjugation.
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    Metabolism of α-Glyceryl Ethers by Crithidia fasciculata. I. Study of the In Vivo Degradation of Exogenous Chimyl and Batyl Alcohols (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . [14C]chimyl and [3H]batyl alcohols were added to Crithidia fasciculata cultures during the mid-log phase of cell growth, and the lipid extracts of the cells were analyzed for degradation products. C. fasciculata cells were able to take up exogenous glyceryl ethers, and in amounts as high as the endogenous lipid content. The glyceryl ether taken up by the cells was incorporated into lipids either prior to the ether bond cleavage or after degradation to fatty acid. The extent of degradation and the degree of incorporation of degradation products into cellular lipid were higher for chimyl than for batyl alcohol. Batyl alcohol was not metabolized efficiently, leading to the formation of large intracellular pools of free substrate. One product of glyceryl ether degradation was identified as alkyl-dihydroxy acetone, and was detected inside and outside of the cells. The data strongly suggest that this product is the first stable intermediate in the degradation process and indicate that the extracellular formation of alkyl-dihydroxy acetone is due to the action of exocnzyme; ecteted by the cells. The constant detection of alk I cnyl glycerol among the degradation products indicates the existence of a second mechantsm in C. fasciculata for converting the alkyl-to alkenyl-glycerol.
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    Observations on Giardia of Budgerigars (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Sick budgerigars from a local aviary were found to be infected with Giardia. The trophozoites were of the Giardia duodenalis type as defined by Filice with elongate median bodies pointed on one or both ends and more or less perpendicular to the long axis of the body. Using three fixation-staining methods, and material from three birds, the length ranged from 10 to 18 μm and the width from 4.5 to 11 μm with a mean length to width ratio of 2. Attempts to culture the trophozoites in vitro from intestinal scrapings were unsuccessful. Also attempts to transmit the infection by fecal cysts to canaries and mice failed. It is proposed that the budgerigar form be called Giardia duodenalis, race psittaci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb05326.x
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  • 94
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    Instructions to Journal of Protozoology Contributors (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb05330.x
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  • 95
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    A Comparative Study of the Infraciliature and Silverline System of the Fresh-Water Scuticociliates Pseudocohnilembus putrinus (Kahl, 1928) nov. comb., P. pusillus (Quennerstedt, 1869) nov. comb., and the Marine Form P. marinus Thompson, 1966 (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Three species of Pseudocohnilembus were examined with respect to infraciliature and the silverline system. The freshwater species P. putrinus and P. pusillus exhibited no differences in general organization of the argyrophilic structures when compared with the marine P. marinus. A review of the Pseudocohnilembus species that have been described on the basis of silver preparations shows that at present four species have been well characterized: P. pusillus (Quennerstedt, 1869) nov. comb., P. putrinus (Kahl, 1928) nov. comb., P. hargisi Evans & Thompson, 1964, and P. marinus Thompson, 1966, P. persalinus Evans & Thompson, 1964 and P. longiseta Evans & Thompson, 1964 are regarded as identical with the older known P. pusillus, because with respect to morphology and argyrophilic structures they are within the range of variability of that species; and their names thus fall as synonyms of P. pusillus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb02853.x
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  • 96
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    Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies of the Micronemata of Trypanosoma gambiense (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The structure of micronemata arising from the surface of the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma gambiense was studied by electron microscopy. In order to produce micronemata, trypanosomes were incubated in either 1) phosphate buffered saline supplemented with glucose (PBSG), 2) immune mouse serum or 3) PBSG after passage through a DEAE-cellulose column. Electron microscopic examination of the parasite revealed the presence of thread-like micronemata arising from the anterior end and from the flagellar pocket regardless of the incubation conditions. Negative staining revealed a distinct peripheral fringe layer with nodular protrusions covering the entire surface of the micronema. The distribution and number of intramembrane particles (IMP) on the P and E faces of the micronema were similar to those of the flagellum of T. gambiense, indicating a close relationship between the membrane structure of the micronema and the flagellum. Micronemata became fragmented and adhered to each other after incubation of the parasite in the media for 12 h. Since micronemata tend to have the characteristics of adhesiveness and fragmentation, fragments of these structures might adhere to various host organs. Dispersal of potential antigenic material might be responsible, in part, for the induction of the host immune response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb02857.x
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
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    Diffusion Coefficient of Paramecium as a Function of Temperature (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The motion of Paramecium caudatum has been investigated at various temperatures by measuring the transient behavior of spatial distribution in the diffusion process of organisms that, by electric stimulus, are initially gathered at a single place in the glass culture cell. The spatial distribution through the course of diffusion has a nearly Gaussian profile. Dispersion was obtained at 1 sec intervals and increased linearly with time. The time dependence of the dispersion gave a diffusion coefficient for the random motion of the organisms. The results show that the diffusion coefficient has a maximum at the temperature at which the paramecia were cultivated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb02862.x
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  • 98
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    Local and Temporal Pattern of Con A-Binding Site Aggregation During Conjugation in Euplotes vannus (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida) (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Conjugating cells of Euplotes vannus (syngens Naples and Barcarès) were investigated for Con A-binding sites by means of fluorescence microscopy. Cells fixed with 0.4% paraformaldehyde and incubated with 15 μg/ml FITC-Con A showed a distinct region of strong fluorescence, the size, shape and localization of which characteristically changed during the course of conjugation, first appearing at courtship stage (cells contact without forming pairs) and vanishing soon after the migration pronuclei have been exchanged, but before cells have separated. Con A binding and conjugation were blocked by cyclohexamide and α-galactosidase. Con A-binding was also inhibited by α-mannosidase, α-glucosidase and β-galactosidase without affecting conjugation except a delay of pair formation. The results suggest an involvement of newly formed or translocated glycoconjugates in cell pairing during conjugation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb05312.x
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
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    Early Developmental Stages of Sarcocystis cruzi in Calf Fed Sporocysts from Coyote Feces (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . The development of Sarcocystis cruzi was studied in an 11-day-old calf killed seven days postinoculation with 5 × 108 sporocysts from feces of coyotes. Uninucleate zoites were found in arteries of mesenteric lymph nodes but not in other organs. Zoites measured 4.9 × 3.0 (3.5–7.0 × 2.1–3.5) μm. Of the 36 zoites studied, 31 were in endothelial cells, four were in macrophages in the lumen of arteries, and one was free in the lumen of an artery. Infected endothelial cells were two to three times larger than uninfected cells. Zoites appeared structurally similar to sporozoites. The occurrence of zoites in macrophages suggests that sporozoites of Sarcocystis might use such cells to reach the site of their first merogony.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb05315.x
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  • 100
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    Demonstration and Preliminary Characterization of an Enzyme Capable of the Further Metabolism of the Thymidine Catabolite, β-Aminoisobutyric Acid, in Tetrahymena pyriformis Strain GL (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . The enzyme that catalyzes the critical conversion of the proposed reductive thymidine catabolic end product, P-aminoisobutyric acid, to the initial anabolic reutilization substrate, probably methylmalonic semialdehyde, was investigated to un- ambiguously substantiate the operation of a reductive pyrimidine catabolic and reutilization pathway in Tetrahymena pyriformis strain GL. Although most of the studies on the further metabolism of P-aminoisobutyric acid in other organisms suggested transamination of p-aminoisobutyric acid to methylmalonic semialdehyde followed by its further oxidation to methylmalonic acid, such a transaminating system could not be demonstrated. By means of a sensitive fluorometric assay system, however, a low, but significant amount of P-aminoisobutyric acid oxidase activity was detected. This enzymatic activity exhibited the following characteristics in homogenates: good activity in alkaline 0.2 M Tris-HCI buffer with a rather broad pH optimum ranging from 7.8 to 9.0; optimum activity at a temperature of 37°C; stimulation on the addition of exogenous FAD; inhibition on the addition of divalent cations, EDTA, or PCMB; little stimulation on the addition of detergents; and no increase in activity on repeated freezing and thawing. In addition, crude preparations of this oxidase were found to be relatively stable when stored up to one week either refrigerated or frozen, to have a specific activity of 2.8 nmoles/min/mg of protein, and to have a K, of 3.6 × 10− M for d,l-β-aminoisobutyric acid. Whether this high Km, is physiologically significant or not, however, will have to await further investigation. Preliminary (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and affinity chromatography studies also indicated that this enzyme appears to be a unique and specific oxidase whose activity is separable from other marker enzymes, including other oxidases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb05318.x
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