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  • 1
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    Bonn : Forum Umwelt & Entwicklung | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Freiburg : Herder | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: book , doc-type:book
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 5
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 6
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-02-23
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 8
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    In:  EPIC3ERF Meeting: Estuaries on the Edge - Convergence of Ocean, Land and Culture, 2003
    Publication Date: 2017-02-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 9
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    In:  EPIC3PULSES Workshop- “The importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed sustainability in Coastal Louisiana”., Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 2002
    Publication Date: 2017-02-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    In:  EPIC3Recent Achievements in Environmental Biotechnology, Fachhochschule Aachen, 2002
    Publication Date: 2017-02-13
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
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    In:  EPIC3Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 49(7), pp. 1281-1289, ISSN: 09670637
    Publication Date: 2017-03-06
    Description: Respiration, ammonia excretion and decompression tolerance were studied in several species of lysianassoid amphipods captured at four stations in the deep Arabian Sea with an isolated trap maintaining them at in situ temperature. The amphipods were decompressed from their ambient to atmospheric pressure during recovery. Six amphipods, belonging to the species Eurythenes gryllus, Paralicella caperesca and Abyssorchomene abyssorum, survived decompression from depths between 1920 and 4420 m. The physiological condition of these specimens was good inferred by the fact that their swimming and resting behaviour appeared normal, they reacted to disturbance by light and vibration, and were able to ingest food to maintain full guts. Most of the amphipods (421 individuals), however, were recovered dead, which allows information about their decompression tolerance and their vertical migration ability to be deduced. Weight-specific respiration rates of the deep-sea amphipods that were fed prior to the experiments were not lower than in shallow-water amphipods living at similar temperatures. Differences in respiration rates between the specimens are discussed with regard to body size, species specificity and food supply. Weight-specific ammonia excretion rates were extremely high when compared with shallow-water relatives, indicating a capability for rapid digestion. This may be an adaptation to the unpredictable food supply in the deep sea as it enables the amphipod to empty its digestive tract quickly, thus making it available for additional food. Rapid digestion also enables the animals to regain mobility soon after feeding, permitting them to move to new food sources.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 12
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    Marine Geology, Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Amsterdam, Marine Geology, Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2016-10-04
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2017-02-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 14
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    In:  EPIC3Estuarine Research Federation Meeting, Seattle, WA, USA, 2003
    Publication Date: 2017-02-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 15
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    SETAC
    In:  EPIC3SETAC 23rd Annual Meeting in North America - Achieving Global Environmental Quality: Integrating Science & Management, Salt Lake City, Ut, USA, 2002-11-16-2002-11-20Salt Lake City, Utah, SETAC
    Publication Date: 2017-02-09
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 16
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    In:  EPIC3ASLO meeting, Victoria, BC, Victoria, BC, Canada, 2002
    Publication Date: 2017-02-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 17
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    International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
    In:  EPIC3Copenhagen, Danmark, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, 334 p., ISBN: ISSN 1017–619 5
    Publication Date: 2017-01-30
    Description: Studies of hexachlorocyclohexane-isomers (HCHs) and selected triazine herbicides in solution and suspension were carried out in the Pomeranian Bight in 1995. The concentrations of HCHs and triazines were determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GC) or by GC in connection with quadrupole mass spectrometry(GC/MS). Particulate and dissolved material were separated by means of an in-situ filtration/extraction system. The seasonal variability and regional distribution of the various components were investigated in January, April, July and September 1995. Their distribution in the western Pomeranian Bight is described. The concentrations of individual hexachlorocyclohexane-isomers were in the range of 100–1 000 pg l–1 in solution and 20 to 60 pg l–1 in suspension. The levels of the triazines in solution showed pronounced differences between the individual components (atrazine (2–20 ng l–1), simazine (5–30 ng l–1), terbuthylazine (〈 5 ng l–1)), but they were one order of magnitude higher compared with the hexachlorocyclohexane-isomers. The concentration of triazines in suspension was low, often below the limit of detection (25 pg l–1).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Book , peerRev
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  • 18
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    Instituto de Fomento Pesquero
    In:  EPIC3Valparaíso, Chile, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero
    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2015-08-24
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2015-08-18
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 21
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    INT GLACIOL SOC
    In:  EPIC3Annals of Glaciology, INT GLACIOL SOC, 37, pp. 207-212, ISSN: 0260-3055
    Publication Date: 2017-12-11
    Description: From temperature measurements down through the 3001 m deep borehole at the North Greenland Icecore Project (NorthGRIP) drill site, it is now clear that the ice at the base, 3080 m below the surface, is at the pressure-melting point. This is supported by the measurements on the ice core where the annual-layer thicknesses show there is bottom melting at the site and upstream from the borehole. Surface velocity measurements, internal radio-echo layers, borehole and ice-core data are used to constrain a time-dependent flow model simulating flow along the north-northwest-trending ice-ridge flow-line, leading to the NorthGRIP site. Also time-dependent melt rates along the flowline are calculated with a heat-flow model. The results show the geothermal heat flow varies from 50 to 200 mW m–2 along the 100km section of the modeled flowline. The melt rate at the NorthGRIP site is 0.75 cm a–1, but the deep ice in the NorthGRIP core originated 50 km upstream and has experienced melt rates as high as 1.1 cm a–1.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2018-05-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 23
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    In:  EPIC3The Journal of Chemical Physics, 118(17), pp. 8061-8072, ISSN: 0021-9606
    Publication Date: 2018-02-12
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2017-02-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Miscellaneous , notRev
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  • 25
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    ZMK, Hamburg
    In:  EPIC3ZMK, Hamburg
    Publication Date: 2017-02-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2017-02-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2017-03-06
    Description: Sediment and water can potentially be altered, chemically, physically and biologically as they are sampled at the seafloor, brought to the surface, processed and analysed. As a result, in situ observations of relatively undisturbed systems have become the goal of a growing body of scientists. Our understanding of sediment biogeochemistry and exchange fluxes was revolutionized by the introduction of benthic chambers and in situ micro-electrode profilers that allow for the direct measurement of chemical fluxes between sediment and water at the sea floor and for porewater composition. Since then, rapid progress in the technology of in situ sensors and benthic chambers (such as the introduction of gel probes, voltammetric electrodes or one- and two-dimensional optodes) have yielded major breakthroughs in the scientific understanding of benthic biogeochemistry. This paper is a synthesis of discussions held during the workshop on sediment biogeochemistry at the “Benthic Dynamics: in situ surveillance of the sediment–water interface” international conference (Aberdeen, UK—March 25–29, 2002). We present a review of existing in situ technologies for the study of benthic biogeochemistry dynamics and related scientific applications. Limitations and possible improvement (e.g., technology coupling) of these technologies and future development of new sensors are discussed. There are countless important scientific and technical issues that lend themselves to investigation using in situ benthic biogeochemical assessment. While the increasing availability of these tools will lead research in yet unanticipated directions, a few emerging issues include greater insight into the controls on organic matter (OM) mineralization, better models for the understanding of benthic fluxes to reconcile microelectrode and larger-scale chamber measurements, insight into the impacts of redox changes on trace metal behavior, new insights into geochemical reaction pathways in surface sediments, and a better understanding of contaminant fate in nearshore sediments.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2017-03-06
    Description: This paper presents a new non-invasive technique for measuring sediment O2 uptake that, in its concept, differs fundamentally from other methods used to date. In almost all natural aquatic environments, the vertical transport of O2 through the water column toward the sediment surface is facilitated by turbulent motion. The new technique relies on measuring 2 parameters simultaneously and at the same point in the water above the sediment: the fluctuating vertical velocity using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter and the fluctuating O2 concentration using an O2 microelectrode. From these 2 parameters, which typically are measured 10 to 50 cm above the sediment surface for a period of 10 to 20 min and at a frequency of 15 to 25 Hz, the vertical flux of O2 toward the sediment surface is derived. Based on measurements performed under actual field conditions and comparisons with in situ flux-chamber measurements, we believe that this new technique is the optimal approach for determining O2 uptake by sediments. The technique is superior to conventional methods as measurements are done under true in situ conditions, i.e. without any disturbance of the sediment and under the natural hydrodynamic conditions. Furthermore, this technique can be used for bio-irrigated or highly permeable sediments, such as sands, where traditional methods often fail. While this paper only focuses on O2 uptake by sediments, the technique can also be applied to other solutes that can be measured at a sufficiently high temporal resolution.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2018-08-14
    Keywords: oceanography ; zoogeography ; taxonomy ; collecting stations ; faunistic assemblages ; list ; Canary Islands ; Archipelago of Cape Verde ; Archipelago of Madeira ; Archipelago of the Azores ; North Africa ; North Atlantic Ocean ; CANCAP-Project
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 30
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    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.509 (1981) nr.1 p.23
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Neohattoria Kamim. is a monotypic genus of the Jubulaceae (= Frullaniaceae) with a single species, N. herzogii (Hatt.) Kamim., known from central to northern Japan and the southern part of the Kurile Islands. The present genus was segregated from Frullania by Kamimura (1961; sub. nom. Hattoria Kamim. nom. illeg., non Schust., 1961) on the basis of the branching type, the shape of the first leaf and underleaf on branch, the total lack of secondary pigmentation, the uniform cell structure of the stem in cross section, and the strongly toothed leaf lobes. The generic concept of Neohattoria was greatly expanded by Schuster (1970), who included eight species and classified them into two subgenera, subgen. Neohattoria (with a single species) and subgen. Microfrullania Schust. (with seven species); however, Hattori et al. (1972) transferred all species of subgen. Microfrullania to a newly segregated genus Schusterella Hatt. et al., thus retaining the monotypic status of Neohattoria. As already described and illustrated by Hattori (1955), Kamimura (1961), Mizutani (1961), Ladyzhenskaja (1963), Schuster (1970), and Hattori et al. (1972), Neohattoria herzogii is closely related to species of both Jubula and Frullania. Regarding the taxonomic desposition of Neohattoria, Mizutani (1961) and Mizutani & Hattori (1969) placed it with Jubula in a subfamily Jubuloideae of Lejeuneaceae and Hattori et al. placed it in Jubulaceae (s. lat.). But, Kamimura (1961), Schuster (1970, 1979), and Guercke (1978) placed it more close to Frullania, e.g. in a subfamily Frullanioideae of Jubulaceae (s. lat.); more recently, Asakawa et al. (1979b), admitting three distinct families, Jubulaceae, Frullaniaceae, and Lejeuneaceae, placed Neohattoria and Jubula in the Jubulaceae (s. str.) but Frullania and Schusterella in the Frullaniaceae.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 31
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    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.493 (1981) nr.1 p.71
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The originally monotypic eastern Malaysian genus Schiffneriolejeunea Verdoorn 1933 has now become a widespread, pantropical group of about fifteen species by the inclusion of species from the genus Ptychocoleus Trev. nom. illeg. Six species are known from Asia, three of which constitute the sect. Saccatae (Verdoorn) Gradst. & Terken comb. nov. These are the widespread Schiffneriolejeunea tumida (Nees) Gradst., the eastern Malaysian S. cumingiana (Mont.) Gradst. and S. nymannii (Steph.) Gradst. & Terken comb. nov. Schiffneriolejeunea tumida is a rather polymorphic species in which two not sharply defined varieties may be distinguished: S. tumida var. tumida with more or less involuted leaf margins, and S. tumida var. haskarliana (Gott.) Gradst. & Terken comb. nov. with plane margins.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 32
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    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.481 (1981) nr.1 p.1
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: A phytosociological survey based on methods of the Zürich-Montpellier School was carried out in the páramo vegetation of the Cordillera Oriental, Colombia. The study area covers about 10,000 and comprises the páramo between the Nevado de Sumapaz (3°55'N, 4250 m), the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy (6°25'N, 5493 m) and the Páramo del Almorzadero (7°N, 4375 m). The páramo vegetation was studied along various altitudinal transects from the upper forest line (3000-3500 m) up to the lower limit of the snowcap (4800 m). A general description of the study area includes data on geology, geomorphology, soils, climate, flora, phytogeography, morphological characters of the vegetation, fauna and landuse. The evolution and Quaternary history of páramo vegetation and climate is reviewed, incorporating the first data from the Lateglacial and Holocene of the Páramo de Sumapaz. The general altitudinal zonation of the páramo vegetation was studied and is presented for both the dry and the humid side of the Cordillera. The zonal and azonal plant communities are described including their physiognomy, composition and syntaxonomy, habitat and distribution. Eighty five syntaxa from the rank of variant to that of the class are newly described, 17 of which are provisional. The vegetation is not ranked syntaxonomically yet, but described on the basis of preliminary tables. A number of azonal communities, part of them of lesser extent, are described in a similar way. The páramo vegetation is primarily determined by the tropical diurnal high mountain climate. The diversity of the páramo vegetation is related to temperature (altitudinal gradient) and to humidity (dry and wet climate). The presence of zonal bunchgrass páramo, bamboo-bunchgrass páramo or bamboo páramo mainly depends on the complex interrelation between these factors. Finally a synthesis is provided on ecology, morphology and phytogeography of the páramo vegetation of the study area.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 33
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    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.510 (1981) nr.1 p.165
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Isoëtes Palmeri with a distribution in the High Andes from the Páramo of Venezuela to the Páramo of Ecuador is described as a new taxon, and dedicated to the then American specialist of the genus, Thomas Chalkley Palmer (1860-1934). The new species belongs to the tropical-Andeanaustral-antarctic section Laeves, described as new here as well. The publication of the new species had to be anticipated to the projected monographic treatment of the South-American representatives of the genus Isoëtes, as A.M. Cleef, Utrecht intends to base a new association, the Isoëtetum Palmeri on this new taxon, observed and collected by him at many instances within the Colombian Páramo between 1971 and 1980 in the context of the preparation of his doctoral thesis now under way.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 34
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    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.491 (1981) nr.1 p.19
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Until recently relatively little attention has been paid to the study of chromosomes in liverworts. The first substantial contributions were made by Heitz (1927, 1928) and Lorbeer (1934). In the second half of this century chromosome studies on liverworts were mainly carried out in Europe (e.g. Fritsch 1972; Newton 1977, 1979) and Japan (e.g. Tatuno 1959; Segawa 1965a, b, c; Inoue 1968). Inoue (in Koponen 1979) reports that until now 28% of all bryophyte species in Japan have been investigated as to their chromosome complement. A comprehensive, but rather outdated, survey of chromosome numbers in Hepaticae and Anthocerotae was given by Berrie (1960). Work on a new, updated survey is now underway (Fritsch, in prep.). In the present article results are presented of a cytotaxonomic investigation of European species of the genera Aneura and Riccardia (Aneuraceae). Most specimens were gathered in the Netherlands, but some chromosome counts based on French and German plants are also included.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 35
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    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.72 (2003) nr.2/3 p.141
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Many papers on the taxonomy of fossil crustaceans are often based upon poorly preserved material and/or specimens that have been insufficiently prepared. The purpose of the present note is to outline some preparation methods that are applied in our (J.S.H. Collins and S.L.J.) ongoing studies of anomuran and brachyuran decapods from the Middle Danian limestones at Fakse quarry (Denmark), which have greatly enhanced the quality of our material. The techniques briefly outlined here involve: 1 – staining method; 2 – water blasting (as a cleaning tool in preparation of fossils); and 3 – negative preparation (with acid). Some of these techniques will have wide applications in other fields of paleontological research.
    Keywords: Preparation ; Crustacea ; Danian ; Denmark
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 36
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    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.72 (2003) nr.1 p.17
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Various fossil lungfish taxa preserve distinct depressions on the smooth postbranchial lamina of the dermal pectoral girdle. These depressions are largely unknown in other sarcopterygian fishes, but are present in the rhizodont sarcopterygian Strepsodus. Comparisons with extant actinopterygian fishes suggest these depressions mark the point of origin for the clavobranchialis musculature, extending anterodorsally into the gill chamber to insert on the ventral surface of the ceratobranchial(s). Studios examining feeding and respiratory mechanisms of bony fishes (Osteichthyes) have emphasised the role of mandibular depression in generating negative pressures within the oral cavity to draw in water/air/food via suction. However, phylogenetically basal actinopterygians, fossil lungfish and other fossil sarcoptcrygians (such as Strepsodus) lack the apomorphies that increase suction among bony fishes. In these taxa the clavobranchialis muscles may serve to augment this negative pressure by retracting the ceratobranchials and increasing the size of the oral/ oropharyngeal cavity. A comparable action is performed by the chondrichthyan coracobranchiales muscles, particularly during feeding, and the function of these ventral gill arch muscles is likely to be a synapomorphy of jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomata). This musculature is absent from jawless vertebrates such as the Osteostraci.
    Keywords: Clavobranchiales ; Sarcopterygii ; Actinopterygii ; Chondrichthyes ; coracobranchiales ; Dipnoi
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 37
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    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.70 (2002) nr.4 p.213
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The case described here analyses morphological change at the boundary between ecological and evolutionary scales. The size and shape of 8 populations of two sibling species of tenebrionid beetles (Asida planipennis and A. moraguesi) are analysed using landmark-based methods. The two species differ in size, shape and in allometric trajectory. Thin-Plate Spline Analysis (TPSA) combined with Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) reveal the specific shape changes that allow the best inter-species discrimination. These changes involve the outline of the posterior margin of the pronotum. Moreover, the landmarkbased method provides useful tools for interpreting the intraspecies variability of some continuously varying morphological characters. In the case of A. planipennis, size and shape are correlated at the inter-population level, but are independent at the intra-population level. Moreover, size and shape do not reflect any spatial (i.e., geographical) structure or phylogenetic inertia at the inter-population level. These facts favour sitespecific environmental conditions as the main cause of shape and size variability in this species. One environmental variable is suggested to be the cause of the inter-population morphological differences detected.
    Keywords: Geometric morphometry ; Thin-Plate spline analysis ; canonical variates analysis ; species discrimination ; allometry ; Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera)
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: We studied reproductive characters of a population of the tortoise Testudo h. hermanni in the Plaine des Maures (Var), and compared these to another population in southern France and to T. h. boettgeri in Greece. Clutch characters, which are measures of total reproductive investment, showed no differences between subspecies or sites after body size correction by ANCOVA. Egg characters, which measure the division of this investment among offspring, did vary significantly among both subspecies and sites after correcting for body mass. The presence of such local variation should discourage relocation of the threatened T. h. hermanni even between populations of the same subspecies.
    Keywords: Egg production ; clutch characters ; conservation ; tortoise ; Testudo hermanni
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 39
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    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.72 (2003) nr.2/3 p.147
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: We review the Goneplacidae and review the various alternative hypotheses concerning membership within the family. We offer a new cladistic based hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships within the group.
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Decapoda ; Brachyura ; Goneplacidae ; phylogeny ; systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 40
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    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.71 (2002) nr.1/3 p.47
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The analysis of consecutive ontogenetic stages, or events, introduces a new class of data to phylogenetic systematics that are distinctly different from traditional morphological characters and molecular sequence data. Ontogenetic event sequences are distinguished by varying degrees of both a collective and linear type of dependence and, therefore, violate the criterion of character independence. We applied different methods of phylogenetic reconstruction to ontogenetic data including maximum parsimony and distance (cluster) analyses. Two different data sets were investigated: (1) four simulated ontogenies with defined phylogenies of six hypothetical taxa, and (2) a set of “real” data comprising sequences of 29 ontogenetic events from 11 vertebrate taxa. We confirm that heterochronic event sequences do contain a phylogenetic signal. However, based on our results we argue that maximum parsimony is a biased method to analyze such developmental sequence data. Ontogenetic events require a special analytical algorithm that would not neglect instances of chronological (horizontal) dependence of this type of data. One coding method, “event-pairing”, appeared to fulfill this requirement in the vertebrate analyses. However, to accurately analyze ontogenetic sequence data, a more sophisticated coding method and algorithm are needed, for example, measuring distances of dependent events.
    Keywords: Ontogeny ; heterochrony ; event pairs ; vertebrate development ; sequence data ; phylogenetic methodology ; parsimony ; neighbor joining
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 41
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    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.71 (2002) nr.1/3 p.3
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: I have long maintained that in the unfolding of exciting lines of research, seldom can one plan how to achieve a cooperative program. “Planned science,” more often than not, is forced science and not particularly productive. Far more significant is the role of serendipity in defining an exciting and innovative line of research, i.e., a truly stimulating cooperation. Fundamental advances simply cannot be planned for; one has to flow with the current. Thus it was that serendipity brought together the research group in Experimental Embryology of Prof. dr. J.A.M. van den Biggelaar at the University of Utrecht, and my own group in Systematics and Zoogeography at the University of Amsterdam. Several years ago I had received a grant proposal to review from the Dutch science research council (NWO). The proposed project intended to examine patterns of early development in the gastropod Patella in a large scale, evolutionary context. I found the project an exciting one and gave it my highest endorsement. Furthermore, so taken was I by the proposal that I made contact with its author. Prof. van den Biggelaar. I had long entertained the idea that a combination of an evolutionarily inclined group in embryology with embryologically sensitive systematists could achieve great things. I revealed myself to Jo van den Biggelaar as one of his reviewers and proposed that we meet.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 42
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    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.72 (2003) nr.2/3 p.111
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Decapods are the most diverse and complex group of crustaceans, adapted for life in all parts of the marine environment, many aquatic habitats, and some terrestrial niches. With this diversity of life styles, a vast range of morphotypes of decapods has evolved, exploiting almost every imaginable variation in morphology of the complex exoskeleton that characterizes them. Many of the morphological variants are a response to exploiting a particular niche in which the organisms live or an adaptation to particular behavioral characteristics. Assessing the significance of morphological variation in the fossil record is challenging because of the taphonomic overprint that results in loss of soft tissue, preservation of partial remains of hard parts, and vastly reduced numbers of preserved individuals as contrasted to the once-living population. The purpose of the present paper is to identify aspects of morphology that may be useful in interpreting the behavioral responses of the organism to its environment, w,th primary emphasis on morphological features of the exoskeleton that are not expressed on all individuals but that occur at low, and unpredictable, frequencies.
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Decapoda ; Mesozoic ; Cenozoic ; behavior
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 43
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    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.72 (2003) nr.4 p.195
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Ten species from five genera of the family Hynobiidae were studied. The number of trunk vertebrae varied between 14 and 21, and the count of costal grooves ranged from 10 to 15. Both the within-species variation and the within-population variation were recorded in some species. In both kinds the values of the coefficient of variation were quite low. In Salamandrella keyserlingii, the south-eastern samples markedly differed from remaining ones. Among the hynobiids, the genus Onychodactylus (both species) and Batrachuperus mustersi have higher number of vertebrae in the anterior part of trunk (5 and 4, respectively, versus 3), and, thus, demonstrated a distinct position. The relation between the number of trunk vertebrae and the count of costal grooves was studied. The variation in number of trunk vertebrae across urodelan families was discussed.
    Keywords: Hynobiidae ; trunk vertebrae ; costal grooves
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 44
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    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.71 (2002) nr.1/3 p.67
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: A critical study of the morphological data sets used for the most recent analyses of metazoan cladistics exposes a rather cavalier attitude towards character coding. Binary absence/presence coding is ubiquitous, but without any explicit justification. This uncompromising application of Boolean logic in character coding is remarkable since several recent investigations have nominated absence/presence coding as the most problematic coding method available for standard cladistic analysis. Moreover, the prevalence of unspecified “absence” character states in the published data sets introduces a discrepancy between the theoretical foundations of phylogenetic parsimony and current practices in metazoan cladistics. Because phylogenetic parsimony assumes transformation of character states, its effective operation breaks down when not all character states are carefully delimited. Examples of resulting meaningless character state transformations are discussed in two categories: 1) when unspecified “absence” states are plesiomorphic; and 2) when unspecified “absence” states are apomorphic (character reversals). To facilitate future progress in metazoan cladistics, the mandatory link between comparative morphology and character coding needs to be reestablished through a more explicit study of morphological variation prior to character coding, and through a more explicitly experimental approach to character coding.
    Keywords: metazoan cladistics ; Metazoa ; character coding ; character state identity ; Boolean logic ; nonadditive binary coding ; absence/presence coding
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 45
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    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.13 (2002) nr.2 p.175
    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: With the founding of the Museum of Natural History (MNH) at the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) the former Department of Botany Herbarium (CAHUP) has been transferred to this. This required the establishment of another herbarium to cater to the increasing need by courses in systematics of the undergraduate and graduate programs of the Institute of Biological Sciences (IBS), UPLB. Thus, in 1999, the birth of the IBS Herbarium (PBDH). It is used for six more or less advanced courses in biodiversity, botany, ecology, and systematics. It is also the repository of documentation on the flora of Mt Makiling and vicinity. Mount Makiling is the best scientifically studied mountain of the country, materials dating back to the time of the Malaspina Expedition in 1789. Prominent collectors were W.H. Brown, E.B. Copeland, H. Cuming, A.D.E. Elmer, A. Loher, C.G. Matthews, E.D. Merrill, C. Pickering, and many others. Those after WW II are listed below.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 46
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    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.13 (2002) nr.1 p.48
    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: At the Biodiversity 2000 Kuching Conference in November 2000, I put forward the thesis that biodiversity is a knowledge resource, and that Asian societies have an attitude problem with respect to the management of knowledge (Ng, 2001). I offered the following evidence: In AD 304, Chi Han published his famous monograph on the Flora of Southeast Asia (available in English translation by Li, 1979), covering about 80 species of plants from what is now Vietnam and S China. Chi Han covered 18 edible fruits and nuts, 5 useful palms, 3 vegetables, 2 other food crops, 5 spices, 2 masticatory plants, 2 dye plants, 5 fibre plants, 6 perfume plants, 7 drug plants, 11 wood and wood-products plants and 10 ornamental plants. Chi Han’s book became a classic in the Chinese scientific literature.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 47
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    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.13 (2002) nr.2 p.154
    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: Mount Akiki (16° 37’ N, 120° 53’ E, c. 2760 m alt.) is one of the highest mountain peaks in the Cordillera mountain range, Luzon Island, Philippines. It is situated in the municipality of Benguet, north-east of Baguio City (a world famous tourist city in the region) and is north-west of Mt Pulog, Luzon Island’s highest mountain peak and the second in the entire Philippines next to Mt Apo in Mindanao (Schoenig et al., 1975; Buot & Okitsu, 1997a; Buot, 1999). Locally the mountain is known as ‘Pulag’, internationally as ‘Pulog’. Knowledge about the vegetation types on Mt Akiki (similar to that of many of the Philippine mountains), is quite wanting despite its importance in biodiversity studies, zonation and sustainable forest conservation plans, wise utilisation of forest resources, and bioprospecting possibilities (PAWB-DENR, 1998).
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 48
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    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.13 (2002) nr.2 p.197
    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: MOGEA, J.P., D. GANDAWIDJAJA, H. WIRIADINATA, R.E. NASUTION & IRAWATI. 2001. Tumbuhan langka Indonesia (Rare plants of Indonesia). 86 pp, illus. Puslitbang Biologi-LIPI. ISBN 979-579-036-6 (In Bahasa Indonesia). This is an illustrated guide to and descriptions of 40 rare or endangered plants of Indonesia. Not surprisingly several species of Aquilaria, mercilessly sought after for their scented wood (gaharu), are included as well as several species of orchids and Rafflesia, of which habitat destruction is the main threat. This is also true for Amorphophallus titanum which, by the way, has been successfully propagated by seeds in the Leiden Botanical Garden, alongside other species of the genus.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 49
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    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.13 (2002) nr.2 p.157
    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: Currently both those teaching and those learning about phylogenies face a variety of problems. There are several systems to chose from, yet there is no explicitly phylogenetic system (in the sense of recognizing only strictly monophyletic groups) where all those groups are described. Conventional family descriptions are long, and present a formidable challenge to somebody trying to learn about the family. This website attempts to deal with such problems. It is a web-based treatment of all flowering plant families and orders that very largely follows the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) system (APG, 1998, 2002). It contains characterizations of all plant families, some infrafamilial groups, and most of the well-supported nodes above the level of family including those formally recognized as orders. The characterizations consist of hierarchically organized information (see below), and are linked to trees. Associated material consists of a brief discussion of the characters used, indexes of familial and ordinal names, and a bibliography, as well as links to photographs, lists of genera, and other sites.
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  • 50
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    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.13 (2002) nr.2 p.137
    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: On 25 and 26 June 2001 FRIM and PROSEA Country Office Malaysia organised a First National Workshop on Environmental Education (EE) in Forest Recreational Areas. The workshop was attended by 75 participants, most from municipalities and government agencies. The issue is actual because tourism is increasingly shifting towards eco- or nature tourism and Malaysia has a lot to offer in this respect. PROSEA Malaysia could contribute e.g. by institutionalising EE at all levels of education, including teachers training, providing teachers with support material for EE, bringing school and community closer by making them undertake EE activities together and providing basic environmental knowledge to all government agencies, private sectors, general public, and political parties. Mid 2001, Dr. E. Sukara, Deputy for Natural Sciences for Biology LIPI, succeeded Dr. A. Nontji as Chair of PROSEA’S National Steering Committee in Indonesia.
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  • 51
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    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.13 (2002) nr.1 p.56
    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: The World Wildlife Fund (Kikori Catchment Developmental Project, Papua New Guinea) has commenced field surveys of the Orchidaceae in the Lake Kutabu and Mt Bosavi areas of Papua New Guinea. The main purpose of the survey is to get a more accurate assessment of the orchids in the region. In a previous survey based on data collected along transects within the region, the total orchid flora appeared to have been underestimated due to a lack of knowledge in the recognition and identification of these plants. A major component of the project therefore was to work jointly with two national botanists, L. Balun, Senior Lecturer, Bulolo University College, and O. Jebia, WWF Botanist, and train them to recognise and identify the orchids encountered in the field. The survey area is biologically rich with diverse tropical rain forest at 800-1400 m altitude on the Papuan fold belt geological region on the southern slopes of the Southern Highlands. Currently it is an area of major economic significance to Papua New Guinea containing major oil and natural gas fields. Much of the forest within the region is in a pristine state with minimal clearing and agriculture evident. The ease of access to various habitats within the region either by road, boat, or air, makes it an ideal situation to conduct research to assess biodiversity in this part of Papua New Guinea.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 52
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    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.13 (2002) nr.1 p.70
    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: Arts, T. 2001. A revision of Splachnobryaceae (Musci). Lindbergia 26: 77-96, illus. — 2 gen (1 new), 10 spp (1), 6 Malesian; key; synonymy, descriptions, notes. AWASTHI, U.S., S.C. SRIVASTAVA & D. SHARMA. 2000 (‘1999’). Lopholejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. in India. Geophytol. 29: 35-60, illus. — 12 taxa, 4 new; key; synonymy, descriptions, notes.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 53
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    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-5850) vol.18 (2003) nr.2 p.238
    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: This book is dedicated to the world-known specialist in marine mycology, E. B. Gareth Jones on the occasion of his 65th birthday, for his substantial contribution to marine mycology. It contains 22 contributions by a multitude of authors, grouped around the central theme of Fungi in marine environments. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 (organisms), contains contributions on fungal species: taxonomy, based on morphology as well as molecular characters, treating groups like the Oomycete genus Halophytophtora, and ascomycete groups like de Halosphaeriales, Loculoascomycetes, Lophiostoma and Massarina, as well as marine yeasts, and a contribution on anamorphteleomorph connections in marine ascomycetes. Part 2 is devoted to ecology, mainly to mangrove habitats and sea-grass communities, which harbour lots of marine fungi. Also the subject of endangered mangrove habitat is treated. Finally, Part 3 of the book deals with applied aspects of marine fungi, with contributions on secondary metabolites from marine fungi, bioremediation of coloured pollutants by terrestrial versus facultative marine fungi, fatty acids in Thraustochytrids, as well as molecular cloning of the isopenicillin synthase gene in the marine fungus Kallichroma tethys.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 54
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    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-5850) vol.17 (2002) nr.4 p.643
    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: A new species of nivicolous myxomycetes, Diderma cristatosporum is described from Spain and compared with the type of D. subdictyospermum. LM and SEM photographs of the microscopical characters are provided.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 55
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    In:  Gorteria : tijdschrift voor de floristiek, de plantenoecologie en het vegetatie-onderzoek van Nederland (0017-2294) vol.28 (2002) nr.2/3 p.52
    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: Mede dankzij de gebiedsdekkende inventarisatie door de provincie Zeeland in de jaren zeventig en tachtig zijn er omtrent de Zeeuwse flora in de loop der jaren al veel gegevens op papier gezet. Nu, zo’n twintig jaar later, beginnen deze gegevens aardig gedateerd te raken. Bovendien zijn er ondanks het vlakdekkende werk toch nog redelijk wat ‘witte gebieden’ op de kaart. Reden genoeg om tussen 2001 en 2004 vier speciale inventarisatiekampen te organiseren. Het eerste kamp dat afgelopen jaar vanuit Veere plaatsvond was een succes dankzij een aantrekkelijk programma met goede hokken naast saaie hokken, een uitstekende overnachtingslocatie, goed weer met tot slot een typisch Zeeuwse bui met zware luchten boven de Oosterschelde en bovendien een opkomst 43 floristen van binnen en buiten Zeeland. Niet onbelangrijk te melden dat zowel de provincie Zeeland, het Zeeuwse Landschap, Staatsbosbeheer en Natuurmonumenten dit initiatief financieel ondersteunden. De inventarisaties vonden plaats op Walcheren en Noord- en Zuid-Beveland. In totaal werden 47 kilometerhokken geheel of gedeeltelijk onderzocht. Tevens werden van 14 hokken LMF-formulieren ingevuld. Dit alles was goed voor 5.512 waarnemingen betreffende 541 soorten, waarvan 47 Rode-Lijstsoorten. Het LMFproject maakte op een nogal schokkende manier duidelijk hoezeer de plantengroei in relatief korte tijd kan veranderen. In de periode van 1976 tot en met 1997 werden volgens FlorBase in de geselecteerde kilometerhokken 162 waarnemingen van bijzondere plantensoorten genoteerd. Tijdens het FLORON-inventarisatiekamp werden daarvan slechts 55 groeiplaatsen met zekerheid teruggevonden. Dit is niet meer dan 33,5%. Van de 66 soorten werden er slechts 25 teruggevonden (37%). Naar zeldzaamheden als Rozenkransje ( Antennaria dioica), Wollige distel ( Cirsium eriophorum) Akkerdoornzaad ( Torilis arvensis), Bergnachtorchis ( Platanthera chlorantha) en Grote leeuwenklauw ( Aphanes arvensis) werd tevergeefs gezocht. Overigens werden de laatste twee wel op andere plaatsen gezien. Zeer opvallend is dat de voor Zeeland relatief algemene soorten als Gewone agrimonie ( Agrimonia eupatoria), Rode ogentroost (Odontites vernus susp. serotinus), Wilde marjolein ( Origanum vulgare), Dubbelkelk ( Picris echioides) en IJzerhard (Verbena officinalis) binnen de LMF-hokken niet werden teruggevonden.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 56
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    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-5850) vol.11 (1981) nr.3 p.392
    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: During an ecological study of fungi of the tidal mudflats in Kuwait, a Sporothrix species has been recorded twice, in 1977 and 1980. It differs from other species of the genus (de Hoog, 1974, 1978) in several characters and is here described as a new species. A comparison with similar species of the genus is added.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 57
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    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-5850) vol.18 (2003) nr.2 p.225
    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: Some new combinations in Conocybe are made and justified. The name Conocybe apala is proposed to replace the names C. albipes and C. lactea. Conocybe albipes var. pseudocrispa and C. moseri var. bisporigera are distinguished on the rank of species. On the other hand, Conocybe subalpina is reduced to a variety of C. pallida and C. rickenii to a forma of C. siliginea. In addition, three new combinations are made in Pholiotina on the rank of subsections.
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  • 58
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.48 (2003) nr.2 p.260
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 59
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.47 (2002) nr.2 p.343
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: A new Momordica species from Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana is described.
    Keywords: Cucurbitaceae ; Momordica ; Côte d’Ivoire ; Ghana ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 60
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.27 (1981) nr.1 p.223
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Among the collections of Knema acquired by the Rijksherbarium since the publication of my new account of the genus Knema, in Blumea 25, 1979: 321 — 478, a few specimens caused problems with the identification, and at closer examination these yielded facts of interest which are published here. Some specimens represented stages not yet known, for instance fruits, or male flowers, while other specimens meant a significant range extension of the species. Two new species and one new subspecies are described. For easy reference, the sequence and numbers of the species presently treated correspond with the numbers as used in the account of 1979. The new species bear the number of the species after which they appear in the general key of 1979, with the addition ‘-bis’.
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  • 61
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.27 (1981) nr.2 p.499
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: The early development (ontogeny) of the carpels of 20 species belonging to 8 apocarpous families was investigated with the scanning electron microscope. The results indicate that on the floral apex a circular or a convex meristem develops into an obliquely ascidiate primordium by unequal growth of its periphery. By further unequal growth it develops into a young carpel. The terminal mouth of a cup becomes the lateral cleft of a carpel. The different forms of the young carpels in different species are defined by the varying degree of development of the adaxial region of the initial meristem and/or its margin on the side of the floral apex. This hypothesis is theoretically evaluated.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 62
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.48 (2003) nr.1 p.179
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Nepenthes izumiae Troy Davis, C. Clarke & Tamin (Nepenthaceae), a new species from the Bukit Barisan, West Sumatra, Indonesia, is described.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 63
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.48 (2003) nr.3 p.495
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: In recent collections of herbaceous grasses from Thailand some novelties were detected: Eremo- chloa maxwellii Veldk. and Parahyparrhenia laegaardii Veldk. New records for Thailand are: Eragrostis tenuifolia (Hochst.) Steud., Eulalia tetraseta Ohwi, Germainia thorelii A. Camus, Sporobolus tenuissimus (Schrank) Kuntze. A second collection after the type was made of Germainia pilosa Chai-Anan.
    Keywords: Eragrostis ; Eremochloa ; Eulalia ; Germainia ; Parahyparrhenia ; Sporobolus ; Gramineae ; Thailand
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 64
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.47 (2002) nr.1 p.148
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: This volume on medicinal and poisonous plants treats lesser known species. In the brief introduction to the book it is explained that the choice of taxa to be included is a bit arbitrary and mostly based on the amount of information available. For the species treated in vol. 12(1) more information is available than for those treated in vol. 12 (2). However, the book discusses many taxa with surprisingly detailed information, maybe the truly lesser known species are saved for vol. 12 (3). Many of the taxa treated are not originally found in South-East Asia, but are locally or widely cultivated in the area. For general information on medicinal and poisonous plants the reader is referred to vol. 12 (1). As usual for the PROSEA volumes, also this one is produced along the well-known PROSEA standards.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 65
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.27 (1981) nr.1 p.175
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: The stomata as occurring on the fronds of the sporophytes of a large number of Polypodiaceae s.s. (Filicales) are investigated. A number of different stomatal types is recognised, (newly) described, and their ontogeny investigated. The different types of stomata are discussed in relation to their possible significance for tracing phylogenetic relationships in the Polypodiaceae following a cladistic analysis.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 66
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.48 (2003) nr.1 p.163
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Millettia liberica Jongkind (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) from the forests of western Africa is described and illustrated.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 67
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.48 (2003) nr.2 p.289
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: The position of Ficus subg. Pharmacosycea sect. Oreosycea and its subdivision are briefly discussed. A new subsection Glandulosae C.C. Berg is established. Five new species are described for the Malesian region: F. carinata, F. matanoensis, F. saruensis, F. sclerosycia, and F. subcaudata. Ficus pubinervis Blume and F. minor King are reduced to subspecies of F. nervosa Roth.
    Keywords: Moraceae ; Ficus subg. Pharmacosycea sect. Oreosycea ; Malesia
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 68
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.47 (2002) nr.2 p.340
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: This is a well-illustrated text book for students of the Open University, comprising six chapters: 1. Plant evolution and structure; 2. Photosynthesis; 3. Water and transport in plants; 4. Plant mineral nutrition; 5. Plant growth and development; 6. Interactions between seed plants and microbes. I cannot really judge the quality of the latter five chapters, although the last chapter (6) and especially the treatment of the plant-fungus relation seem quite fine to me. I feel more capable of evaluating the first chapter (1) on evolution and structure. And, I must say that I am a bit critical on this one. It is always difficult to find an optimum between completeness on the one hand and a good focus on brief treatments of essential items on the other. However, in this case I see too many omissions. No treatment of evolution can be given without presenting a skeleton phylogeny with presumed apomorphies indicated. A phylogenetic tree as presented in fig. 1.3 does not give clues, not to mention possible criticism on e.g. the implied monophyly of the hepatics, hornworts and bryophytes. The book not only focuses on plants (embryophytes), it is restricted to it. Not dealing with its sistergroup and further outgroups, in my view, severely hampers a proper understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of plants. A last omission to be mentioned is that none of the gymnosperm groups have been treated, which again hampers proper understanding of seeds and seed plants and places the discussion on the success of flowering plants in a kind of vacuum. There are enough examples of recent text books on plants, botany or biology showing that with only a few pages more, a much better view on the evolution of plant diversity can be presented. This, in my view, will be of great benefit for especially those students who are mainly interested in the last five, more physiologically oriented chapters.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 69
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.27 (1981) nr.1 p.255
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: A world-revision of Arthraxon Beauv. ( Gramineae) is presented. Three wide-spread species, A. hispidus (Thunb.) Makino, A. lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst., and A. lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst. are very variable and have caused the description of a great number of taxa, most of which are here reduced to synonomy. There are now 7 species and 9 varieties; for 6 of the latter new combinations are proposed. No new taxa are described.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 70
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.47 (2002) nr.2 p.341
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: A new species of Uvaria from Gabon is described.
    Keywords: Annonaceae ; Uvaria ; Gabon ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 71
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.48 (2003) nr.2 p.319
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Fourteen species of Sauropus are recognised for Malesia, 21 for Thailand. Two species are described as new, S. asymmetricus of Sumatra and S. shawii of Borneo. Many new synonyms, especially for S. androgynus and S. rhamnoides, are provided. The latter two species have a much wider distribution than described before and both are difficult to separate from each other. A phylogeny based on morphological and palynological data proved futile, but showed that Sauropus together with Breynia and Glochidion are embedded in the paraphyletic Phyllanthus. Most species which formerly belonged to Synostemon and are now included in Sauropus are probably, with the exception of S. bacciformis, related to Breynia and Glochidion. Because of the poor phylogenetic results the circumscription of Sauropus is not changed (Synostemon still included), and an infrageneric classification is not provided.
    Keywords: Euphorbiaceae ; Sauropus ; Synostemon ; Malesia ; Thailand
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 72
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.48 (2003) nr.3 p.551
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: The sections and subsections of Ficus subg. Synoecia are described and their Malesian species listed and keyed out. Six new species are described or established in the subgenus: F. cavernicola, F. colobocarpa, F. jacobsii, F. jimiensis, F. sohotonensis, and F. submontana. The combination F. disticha Blume subsp. calodictya (Summerh.) C.C. Berg is made and the lectotypes for F. alococarpa Diels and F. simiae H.J.P. Winkl. are designated.
    Keywords: Moraceae ; Ficus subg. Synoecia ; Malesia
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 73
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.47 (2002) nr.3 p.409
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Section Moniliformes Carr of the orchid genus Coelogyne is revised using morphological and molecular data. Twelve species are recognised, including two new ones (C. chanii and C. renae). and a dubious one (C. crassiloba). A combined analysis of morphological characters, and sequences of the nrDNA ITS region, matK gene, trnT-trnL intergenic spacer, trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer supports the monophyly of the section as here recognised. Persistence of the rhizome scales, shape of the margin of the leaves, inflorescence type, shape of the rachis, its nodes and pedicel scars, indument of the floral bracts, lip size and depth of the sinus of the lateral lobes of the hypochile seem to be phylogenetically informative characters. Shape of the leaf blade, flowering mode, shape of the base and keels of the hypochile, shape of the apex of the lateral lobes and keels of the epichile and shape of the column show many parallelisms.
    Keywords: Coelogyne ; section ; Moniliformes ; matK ; nrDNA ITS ; phylogeny ; trnT-trnF
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 74
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.48 (2003) nr.1 p.187
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Two new species of Schizostachyum Nees: S. andamanicum and S. kalpongianum, are described and illustrated.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 75
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.48 (2003) nr.1 p.153
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Despite the various taxonomic revisions of Abrus Adans., species and infraspecific delimitation are not always clear. In those revisions very little reference is made to micromorphological characters, in particular to those of the compound leaves, in spite of the stability of some of those characters. By using techniques of light and scanning microscopy this study reveals some interesting results concerning to leaflet surface, such as some of the characters of the epidermis cells, stomata, presence of papillae and trichomes. These characters show some range of variation at the species level but not at the subspecies level. We conclude that those structures can provide additional characters useful in Abrus for species and infraspecific segregation. This study also supports Breteler’s delimitation of the African Abrus species.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 76
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.47 (2002) nr.2 p.384
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: A full review of books announced in this section may be published in Blumea at a later date.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 77
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.48 (2003) nr.2 p.318
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 78
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.47 (2002) nr.3 p.541
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: A new species of Magnolia, M. thailandica is described from Thailand.
    Keywords: Magnolia ; Thailand
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 79
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.47 (2002) nr.3 p.493
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Twenty-seven new species, one new subspecies and five new varieties of Ardisia are described from the Flora Malesian region.
    Keywords: Ardisia ; Malesia ; new taxa
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 80
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.48 (2003) nr.1 p.69
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: A revision of the genus Phyllagathis Blume is presented under a wider generic concept than used by earlier authors. This section of the revision will focus exclusively on the species in Borneo and Natuna Island. Eighteen species are endemic to Borneo, and only P. steenisii is endemic to Natuna Island, a small Indonesian island off the northern coast of Sarawak. One new species is described and several new combinations are established with the inclusion of pentamerous genera into Phyllagathis.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 81
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.48 (2003) nr.1 p.145
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Alysicarpus Desv. is revised for the Flora Malesiana area. The recently described species A. aurantiacus Pedley is recorded for several localities in Papua New Guinea. Alysicarpus monilifer L. is recorded for Luzon (Philippines). The variability of A. vaginalis is discussed. A key for the Malesian species is presented.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Owing to their limited possibilities for either active or passive dispersal, their association with the soil habitat, their vulnerability towards a dry atmosphere, and, in fact, on account of their general ecology and ethology, Diplopoda among arthropods are surely one of the most important classes in relation to the study of historical biogeography. For the class as a whole the sea appears to be an unsuperable barrier as is proved by the almost complete absence of endemic taxa on oceanic islands. In many cases lowland plains also act as severe obstacles against the dispersal of millipedes. The presence or absence of diplopods on islands or continents, therefore, may give a strong argument in favour or against any supposed former land connection. The long geographical isolation of the Australian continent and the absence of endemic higher taxa seems to imply that most, if not all, of its diplopod fauna dates from the time this continent was solidly attached to other southern continents, i.e. the Mesozoic. Subsequent penetration of fauna elements from the north or northwest seems utterly unlikely, although perhaps not entirely impossible.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 83
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.52 (1981) nr.1 p.116
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Recent investigations of the distribution of trace elements in metamorphic index minerals of metapelites have revealed, that the plurifacial character of the Hercynian metamorphism in this area is confirmed by the distribution of Yttrium in Hercynian garnets of the metamorphic series.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 84
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.52 (1981) nr.1 p.109
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: The formation of thick piles of flysch-like sediments needs the existence of narrowed seas, active denouement of neighbouring continents, and generalized marginal subsidence. These conditions are present during the initial and final stages of Wilson’s perceptive cycle. In this context, the Late Precambrian flysch of the Iberian Massif must be related to the initial rifting, whilst the Culm of southwestern Iberia was accumulated during an episode of Upper Palaeozoic subduction that remained active after the impingement of Iberia against North America. Culm sediments shed from the uplifted collision zone and fed into a remnant ocean that remained at the nonsutured southern border of Iberia. This model of synorogenic flysch formation has been described elsewhere for similar plate arrangements. On other grounds this model provides a framework that explains the different structural and magmatic trends of the Ossa-Morena Zone (near the active margin) in the context of the rest of the Massif (basement reactivation). In addition to this, it seems to support a partly primary origin for the Iberian arc versus a secondary origin.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Abstract - A diagnostic model is established to estimate synoptically the mesoscale distribution of primaryproduction at the Antarctic Polar Front (APF). The model domain is a three-dimensional box, centered at roughly50° S and 10° E, of about 1° latitude and 2° longitude horizontal extent, and of 300 m depth. The box wassurveyed in high resolution during austral summer 1995/1996 with a towed undulating vehicle and bycomplementary ship based measurements. Measurements of global solar radiation, of the underwater light field,and of the chlorophyll concentration from the survey are used as input variables for the model. The model isbased on photosynthesis-light relationships, with parameters taken from in vitro incubations performed duringthe survey. The model results show mesoscale patches of elevated primary production along a meander of theAPF, and lowest production in a cold cyclonic eddy south of the front. Production is confined to a shallower depthrange in the front than outside, due to self-shading effects from generally higher mixed-layer chlorophyllconcentrations. Self-shading effects account for variations of the percent light depths, and of the saturation lightdepth, by a factor of two within the survey area. Primary production at the surface varies horizontally between 7and 56 mg C m-3 d-1 with a mean of 26 mg C m-3 d-1, and vertically integrated production ranges from 295 to975 mg C m-2 d-1, with an areal mean of 585 mg C m-2 d-1. Changes by a factor of two in integrated productionoccur on horizontal scales as small as 10 km. Production rates also differ significantly between days as a resultof changes in global solar radiation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: We examined how seabirds might be used to study marine environmental variables, which necessitates knowing location and the value of the variable to be studied. Five systems can potentially be used for determination of location: VHF (Very High Frequency) telemetry, PTT (Platform Terminal Transmitter) telemetry, GLS (Global Location Service) geolocation methods, dead reckoning and GPS (Global Positioning System), each with its own advantages with respect to accuracy, potential number of fixes and size. Temperature and light were used to illustrate potential difficulties in recording environmental variables. Systems currently used on seabirds for measurement of temperature respond slowly to environmental changes; thus, they may not measure sea surface temperature adequately when contact periods with water bodies are too short. Light can be easily measured for light extinction studies, but sensor orientation plays a large role in determining recorded values. Both problems can be corrected. The foraging behaviour of seabirds was also examined in order to identify those features which would be useful for determination of marine environmental variables at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Area coverage by birds is highly dependent on breeding phase and tends to be concentrated in areas where prey acquisition is particularly enhanced. The identification of these sites may be of particular interest to marine biologists. Plungers and divers are potentially most useful for assessment of variables deeper within the water column, with some divers spending up to 90% of their time sub-surface. Few seabirds exploit the water column deeper than 20 m, although some divers regularly exceed 50 m (primarily penguins and auks), while 2 species dive in excess of 300 m. The wide-ranging behaviour of seabirds coupled, in many instances, with their substantial body size makes them potentially excellent carriers of sophisticated environmental measuring technology; however, the ethical question of how much the well-being of birds can, and should, be compromised by such an approach needs to be carefully considered.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 89
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    In:  EPIC3Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 182(3), pp. 241-258
    Publication Date: 2018-08-10
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2017-10-20
    Description: The concept of drag partioning to parameterise the surface roughnessof sea ice is validated using topography data of regions with high sea iceconcentrations. The parameterised drag is compared to measurementsobtained by aircraft and ship. The form drag can well be expressed asa function of mean rigde heights and spacings averaged over flightlegs of at least 12, if an improved approximation for the coefficient ofresistance of a single ridge is used. We find a good agreement between theparameterised and observed drag coefficients. The highest sea iceroughness was encountered close to coastal regions and the lowest in thecentral Arctic.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Large losses of Arctic ozone occur during winters with cold, stable stratospheric circulations that result in the extensive occurrence of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). Reactions on the surface of PSCs lead to elevated abundances of chlorine monoxide (ClO) that, in the presence of sunlight, destroys ozone. Here we show that PSCs were more widespread during the 1999/2000 Arctic winter than for any other winter in the past two decades. We have used three fundamentally different approaches to derive the degree of chemical ozone loss from ozone sonde, balloon, aircraft and satelite instruments. We show that the ozone losses derived from these different instruments and approaches agree very well, resulting in a high level of confidence in the results. Chemical processes led to a 70% reduction of ozone for a ~1 km thick region of the lower stratosphere, the largest degree of local loss ever reported for the Arctic. The chemical loss of ozone in the total column amounted to about 100 DU by the end of the winter. This total column loss was balanced by transport, resulting in relatively constant total ozone between early January and late March, which is in contrast to the climatological increase of the total ozone column during this period, that is observed during most years.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Abstract:During the SO-JGOFS-Polarstern-cruise in Oct/Nov 1992, faecal pellet abundance and distribution were determined in order to assess the impact of zooplankton grazing and defecation within the following three typical Antarctic plankton regimes in the Atlantic sector: the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ), the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the Polar Frontal region (PFr). In contrast to the more southern regions, the PFr was characterised by the occurrence of relatively dense phyto-plankton blooms and high copepod concentrations. Faecal pellets were relatively abundant in the MIZ reaching up to 〉 105 µg faecal pellet carbon (FPC) m-3, whereas the values in the more northern regions were about one to two orders of magnitude lower: about 6 µg FPC m-3 in the southern ACC and less than 1 µm FPC m-3 in the PFr. Thus, the region with the highest phyto- and zooplankton concentrations showed by far the lowest faecal pellet standing stock concentrations. These results were compared to other regions in the Southern Ocean and to other regions in the world oceans and possible reasons for this situation and the potential ecological impact are discussed. Our investigations show, that not only the biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton, but also mainly the structures of the plankton communities are decisive for sedimentation potentials of carbon and silica via faecal pellets in the different regions of the ocean.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Accurate geoids are expected to improve our knowlegde of the dynamicsea surface height (SSH) as a mirror of the dynamic state of theoceans. The dedicated geoid mission GOCE is expected to be lauched in 2004.It will lead to a highly accurate geoid model with a resolution of degreeand order 200. We examine the impact of this missionon the assessment of large scale oceanic mass and heat transports via itsexpected error characteristics. We do so applying a linear box inversemodel and a non-linear section inverse model to hydrographic data andto (synthetic) sea surface height data. The results are compared tothose obtained when substituting the error estimates of the GRACEmission and the present day geoid EGM96.For the box inverse model, we find an average reduction in transportuncertainties in Experiment A (which includes model error at the levelof sea surface height variability) of about 9 % for GRACE geoid errorcovariances and about 17 % for GOCE over the ``hydrography only'' solution.In both GRACE and GOCE these average percentage improvements aresignificantly increased when the SSH variability signal is excluded(Experiment B) to 42 % for GRACE and 47 % for GOCE. We expect a greaterimprovement in the accuracy of ocean transports from GOCE when WOCEhydrographic data are used to enclose numerous, smaller box regions.The apriori assumptions of the non-linear model about the oceancirculation are much more conservative than for the box model. As aconsequence, the uncertainties of large scale transports are much biggerthan for the linear model. On the other hand, since this model buildson small scale balances, it can resolve small scale features of theflow field better. SSH data with GRACE geoid error covariances reducethe uncertainties on the average by 29 %, with GOCE geoid errorcovariances by 37 %. Exclusion of the SSH variability changes(Experiment B) these numbers by less than 5 % points.Summarizing our results and those of Part I, III and IV of this studywe conclude that the GRACE mission reduces the marine geoid uncertaintiessuch that altimetry becomes useful for the study of the steady stateocean circulation.The GOCE mission will improve the accuracy of the circulation estimates evenfurther on the large scales and introduce higher accuracy on shorterwavelenths as well.Furthermore, it will enable us to study individual ocean currents.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: The usage of dissolved nutrients and carbon for photosynthesis in the euphotic zone and the subsequent downward transport of particulate and dissolved organic material strongly affect the carbon concentrations in surface water and thus the air-sea exchange of CO2. Efforts to quantify the downward carbon flux for the whole ocean or on basin-scales are hampered by the sparseness of direct productivity or flux measurements. Here, a global ocean circulation, biogeochemical model is used to determine rates of export production and vertical carbon fluxes in the Southern Ocean. The model exploits the existing large sets of hydrographic, oxygen, nutrient and carbon data, that contain information on the underlying biogeochemical processes. The model is fitted to the data by systematically varying circulation, air-sea fluxes, production and remineralization rates simultaneously. Use of the adjoint method yields model property simulations that are in very good agreement with measurements.In the model, the total integrated export flux of particulate organic matter (POC) necessary for the realistic reproduction of nutrient data is significantly larger than export estimates derived from primary productivity maps. Of the about 10,000~\TgC\ (10~\GtC )required globally, the Southern Ocean south of 30\degree S contributes about 3000~\TgC\ (33\%), most of which is occurring in a zonal belt along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and in the Peru, Chile and Namibia coastal upwelling regions. The export flux of POC for the area south of 50\degree S amounts to 1100$\pm$200~\TgC\ and the particle flux in 1000~m for the same area is 120$\pm$20~\TgC . Unlike for the global ocean, the contribution of the downward flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is significant in the Southern Ocean. Comparison with satellite based productivity estimates (CZCS and SeaWiFS) show a relatively good agreement over most of the ocean except for the Southern Ocean, where the model fluxes are systematically higher than the satellite based values by factors between two and five. This discrepancy is significant, and an attempt to reconcile the low satellite-derived productivity values with ocean-interior nutrient budgets failed. Too low productivity estimates from satellite chlorophyll observations in the Southern Ocean could arise because of the inability of the satellite sensors to detect frequently occurring sub-surface chlorophyll patches, and to a poor calibration of the conversion algorithms in the Southern Ocean because of the very limited amount of direct measurements.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 95
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    In:  EPIC3Biotechnology, Doelle, H.W. [Ed.],in: Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford, UK, [http://www.eolss.net]
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Marine organisms are the major, sustaining components of ecosystem processes and are responsible forbiogeochemical reactions that drive our climate changes. Despite this, many marine organisms are poorlydescribed and little is known of broad spatial and temporal scale trends in their abundance and distribution.With new molecular and analytical techniques we can advance our knowledge of marine biodiversity at thespecies level to understand how marine biodiversity supports ecosystem structure, dynamics and resilience.We can then interpret environmental, ecological and evolutionary processes controlling and structuring marineecosystem biodiversity. With better analytical methods available, we can augment our understanding ofbiodiversity and ecosystem dynamics in especially the pico- and nano fractions of the plankton as well as in thedeep sea benthos , both of which are very difficult to study. We have provided examples of new and long standingmolecular tools for researchers in marine ecosystems to enable them to provide better, faster and more accurateestimates of marine biodiversity in the community using tools at the forefront of molecular research.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: During the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III Ozone Loss and ValidationExperiment (SOLVE)/Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO) campaign,Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III sampled in the vortex core, on the vortexedge, and outside the vortex on a near-daily basis from December 1999 through mid-March 2000.During this period, POAM observed a substantial amount of ozone decline. For example, ozonemixing ratios in the core of the vortex dropped from about 3.5 ppmv in mid-January to about 2ppmv by mid-March at 500 K. The ozone chemical loss indicated by these measurements isassessed using two methodologies. First, the POAM data is used to construct vortex-averagedozone profiles, which are advected downward using vortex average descent rates. The maximumozone loss (1 January to 15 March) is found to be about 1.8 ppmv. In a second approach, theREPROBUS 3-D CTM is used to specify the passive ozone distribution throughout the winter. Thechemical loss in the vortex is estimated by performing a point-by-point subtraction of the POAMmeasurements inside the vortex from the model passive ozone evaluated at the time and locationof the POAM measurements. Both ozone loss estimates are in general agreement and they agreewell with published loss estimates from ER2 and ozonesonde measurements.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: A number of studies have reported empirical estimates of ozone loss in the Arctic vortex.They have used satellite and in situ measurements and have principally covered the Arcticwinters in the 1990s. While there is qualitative consistency between the patterns of ozone loss, aquantitative comparison of the published values shows apparent disagreements. In this paper weexamine these disagreements in more detail. We choose to concentrate on the five maintechniques (Match, Système d'Analyse par Observation Zénithale (SAOZ)/REPROBUS,Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), vortex average descent, and the Halogen OccultationExperiment (HALOE) ozone tracer approach). Estimates of the ozone losses in three winters(1994/1995, 1995/1996 and 1996/1997) are recalculated so that the same time periods, altituderanges, and definitions of the Arctic vortex are used. This recalculation reveals a remarkably goodagreement between the various estimates. For example, a superficial comparison of results fromMatch and from MLS indicates a big discrepancy (2.0 ± 0.3 and 0.85 ppmv, respectively, for airending at ~460 K in March 1995). However, the more precise comparisons presented here revealgood agreement for the individual MLS periods (0.5 ± 0.1 versus 0.5 ppmv; 0.4 ± 0.2 versus0.3-0.4 ppmv; and 0.16 ± 0.09 ppmv versus no significant loss). Initial comparisons of the columnlosses derived for 1999/2000 also show good agreement with four techniques, giving 105 DU(SAOZ/REPROBUS), 80 DU (380-700 K partial column from Polar Ozone and Aerosol Monitoring(POAM)/REPROBUS), 85 ± 10 DU (HALOE ozone tracer), and 88 ± 13 (400-580 partial columnfrom Match). There are some remaining discrepancies with ozone losses calculated using HALOEozone tracer relations; it is important to ensure that the initial relation is truly representative of thevortex prior to the period of ozone loss.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Simultaneous balloon-borne observations of ozone (O3) and nitrous oxide (N2O), a long-livedtracer of dynamical motion, are used to quantify the chemical loss of ozone in the Arctic vortexduring the winter of 1999/2000. Chemical loss of ozone occurred between altitudes of about 14 and22 km (pressures from ~120 to 30 mbar) and resulted in a 61 ± 13 Dobson unit reduction in totalcolumn ozone between late November 1999 and 5 March 2000 (the date of the last balloon-bornemeasurement considered here). This loss estimate is valid for the core of the vortex during the timeperiod covered by the observations. It is shown that the observed changes in the O3 versus N2Orelation were almost entirely due to chemistry and could not have been caused by dynamics. Thechemical loss of column ozone inferred from the balloon-borne measurements using the "ozoneversus tracer" technique is shown to compare well with estimates of chemical loss found usingboth the Match technique (as applied to independent ozonesonde data) and the "vortex-averageddescent" technique (as applied to Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III satellitemeasurements of ozone). This comparison establishes the validity of each approach for estimatingchemical loss of column ozone for the Arctic winter of 1999/2000.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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