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  • Weitere Quellen  (51)
  • Springer  (32)
  • Wiley  (12)
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  • 1990-1994  (42)
  • 1980-1984  (9)
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  • 1981  (9)
  • 1
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    Wiley
    In:  New York, 2nd Edition, 709 pp., Wiley, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 2-203, (ISBN: 3-7643-7143-9)
    Publikationsdatum: 1981
    Schlagwort(e): Correlation ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; fit ; Textbook of mathematics
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  • 2
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    Springer
    In:  New York, 1108 pp., Springer, vol. 96, pp. 225, (ISBN 0-471-95596-5)
    Publikationsdatum: 1981
    Schlagwort(e): FROTH ; RUB ; GMG ; 3.15.80 ; Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Waves ; Wavelet processing ; SModelling ; Dislocation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Source
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  • 3
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    Wiley
    In:  Biologie in unserer Zeit, 24 (4). pp. 192-199.
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-05
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 121 (2). pp. 267-272.
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-14
    Beschreibung: Four research surveys of Falkland Island waters were carried out to determine the distribution and abundance of the early life-history stages of Loligo gahi (d'Orbigny, 1835) in the austral winter of 1988 and the austral springs of 1990, 1991 and 1992. Juveniles were caught during three of the four surveys in both Bongo nets and an RMT8 net. In each case, greatest numbers were consistently caught in waters of ≤100 m to the south and east of East Falkland. The use of an opening/closing net in 1992 showed that most L. gahi juveniles aggregate close to the sea floor and are more available to the sampling gear by night than by day. Limited temperature data for the 1991 and 1992 surveys suggest that distribution on the coastal shelf may be associated with water-column structure. In 1992 when temperature data implied a mixed water column, juveniles were caught in deeper water than in 1991 when the water column was stratified. The results suggest that the spawning grounds of L. gahi are probably situated to the south and east of the Falkland Islands, at least for squid hatched in the austral winter/spring.
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  • 5
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    Wiley
    In:  In: The last great ice sheets. , ed. by Denton, G. H. and Hughes, T. J. Wiley, New York, pp. 179-206. ISBN 0-471-06006-2
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-10
    Materialart: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-10
    Beschreibung: A total of 40 (29 female and 11 male) Ross seals were sampled in January over three years. Seals were weighed, measured and age determined by counting dentine lines in teeth. Stomach contents were identified against reference material and species of helminths were determined using standard techniques. Asymptotes in body mass and length are reached at some nine years of age. Age class varied from 2–20 years. Antarctic silverfish Pleurogrammma antarcticum was the only fish species identified. Psychroteuthis glacialis dominated the squid component. Fish was dominant in three samples, squid was the exclusive component in two samples and a minor component in another two. Glandicephalus antarcticus, Diphyllobothrium wilsoni and Contracaecum spp were the dominant helminths present. The high proportion of empty or nearly empty stomachs conforms with the knowledge that this species moults and consequently fasts in January.
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  • 7
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 371 (6498). p. 563.
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-05-10
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-14
    Beschreibung: Geographic variation in the squid Loligo forbesi was investigated using multivariate analysis of morphometric and meristic characters in samples of squid taken from 13 localities in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Two character sets, body morphometrics and beak morphometrics, indicated similar patterns of variation, with squid from the Azores differing markedly from those on the continental shelf. No consistent pattern was apparent in meristic data. Partial Mantel tests indicated that similarity matrices for morphological data were significantly correlated with distance matrices for (a) geographic proximity, (b) whether the capture site was on the continental shelf or the Azorean bank, and (c) (beak data only) average seasurface temperature at site of capture. Partial Mantel tests on allozyme data for the same individuals support hypothesis (b). The results suggest that L. forbesi in the Azores may reasonably be regarded as a distinct stock, differing significantly from L. forbesi on the continental shelf.
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  • 9
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    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 119 (3). pp. 413-421.
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-14
    Beschreibung: Abralia trigonura is a small squid that is an important member of the mesopelagic boundary community around Hawaii. Squids were aged by examining statolith growth increments, and various reproductive parameters were measured. Female longevity is ∼6 mo, and they become sexually mature at ∼3.5 mo. Male longevity is the same, but they become sexually mature at ∼2.5 mo. This species appears to be a multiple spawner, and peculiarities in the number of eggs found in the oviducts suggests that they spawn every few days. Possible advantages of this reproductive mode are examined.
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  • 10
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    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 120 (2). pp. 171-180.
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-03
    Beschreibung: The home range system of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae was investigated along 11 km coastline at Grande Comore, Western Indian Ocean, between 1987 and 1991. 67 individuals were identified on individual white dot patterns. The home range consisted of daytime caves where fish aggregated in groups of up to 14 individuals while at night individuals moved singly downwards to a depth of 250 to 300 m in search of food. Site fidelity of at least 5 yr was found. The coelacanths used several caves within their home ranges. Cave size, cave occupation rate, average and maximum group size and cave preferences were studied. Tracking experiments with ultrasonic transmitters revealed horizontal home ranges of at least 8 km width. Population estimates of 200 to 230 individuals at Grande Comore confirm earlier counts. Large home ranges and highly mobility in a topographically narrow habitat apparently favoured inbreeding of the small local island population.
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  • 11
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    Wiley
    In:  Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 79 (4). pp. 605-619.
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-06-19
    Beschreibung: Studies on the Mediterranean Undercurrent in the Gulf of Cádiz showed that bacterial abundance and biomass as well as heterotrophic activity were higher in the water of Mediterranean origin in 500–800 m depth than in the adjacent Atlantic water. Upwelling processes off Mauretania and Portugal were accompanied by high bacterial numbers (bacterial plate counts) in the mixed surface layer. Changes in the qualitative composition of the bacterial flora in the waters off West Africa and in the Arabian Gulf were explained by the introduction of dust from desert regions into the sea by aeolian transport. In the Western Baltic migration of fish was detected by the presence of special bacteria, which normally live on or in these animals. Regions with complex hydrographic structures such as the Western and Central Baltic Sea revealed interesting relationships between bacteriological abundance and activity on the one hand and characteristic physical and chemical properties, such as origin, salinity and O2/H2S‐content, on the other. The importance of bacteriological variables for the characterization of different water bodies is discussed.
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  • 12
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: Eleven fish species from the Weddell Sea (Antarctic) were examined for infestation with anisakid nematodes. Two species of the genus Contracaecum and the sealworm Pseudoterranova decipiens were isolated from the liver and the body cavity of fish affected. Only two specimens of P. decipiens (1.4%) partly invaded the belly flaps. The following fish species were infested by P. decipiens at the given prevalences: Cygnodraco mawsoni (74.4%), Trematomus scotti (23.2%), Pagetopsis maculatus (10.0%), Cryodraco antarcticus (7.1%), Trematomus lepidorhinus (3.0%), and Dolloidraco longedorsalis (2.7%). All of these, except Trematomus scotti, are new host records. Chaenodraco wilsoni, Chionodraco myersi, Gerlachea australis, Racovitzia glacialis and T. eulepidotus were not infested. The reasons for low prevalence and intensity of infestation are seen in the difficulties of P. decipiens in completing its benthic life cycle in the Weddell Sea environment, in the absence of shallow coastal waters due to the floating shelf-ice. Cygnodraco mawsoni is a crucial intermediate host, without which completion of the parasite life cycle might not be possible. In order to clarify the taxonomical position of Antarctic Pseudoterranova, morphological comparisons with specimens of P. decipiens from the German and Norwegian coast were made using scanning electron microscopy. Results revealed no differences; hence, all specimens studied belong to the same species P. decipiens.
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  • 13
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 289 (5794). pp. 164-167.
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-11
    Beschreibung: There has been concern about recent temperature trends and the future effects of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere1,2; but instrumental records only cover a few decades to a few centuries and it is essential that proxy data sources, such as pollen spectra from peats and lake sediments, be carefully interpreted as climate records. Several workers have shown statistically significant associations between the modern pollen rain and climatic parameters, an approach that by-passes the recognition of pollen/vegetation units. Statistically defined equations that associate abiotic and biotic elements are called transfer functions. We report here on the application of transfer function equations to nine middle and late Holocene peat and lake sediment sequences from northern Canada (Fig. 1).
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  • 14
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    Springer
    In:  In: Carbon cycling in the glacial ocean: Constraints in the ocean's role in global change. , ed. by Zahn, R., Pederson, T. F., Kannish, M. A. and Labeyrie, L. NATO ASI Series, 1 (17). Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 87-104. ISBN ISBN 0-387-57594-4
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-04-14
    Materialart: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 15
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    Springer
    In:  Archives of Microbiology, 130 (3). pp. 234-237.
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-21
    Beschreibung: Rhodopseudomonas globiformis is able to grow on sulfate as sole source of sulfur, but only at concentrations below 1 mM. Good growth was observed with thiosulfate, cysteine or methionine as sulfur sources. Tetrathionate supported slow growth. Sulfide and sulfite were growth inhibitory. Growth inhibition by higher sulfate concentrations was overcome by the addition of O-acetylserine, which is known as derepressor of sulfate-assimilating enzymes, and by reduced glutathione. All enzymes of the sulfate assimilation pathway. ATP-sulfurylase, adenylylphosphate-sulfotransferase, thiosulfonate reductase and O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase are present in R. globiformis. Sulfate was taken up by the cells and the sulfur incorporated into the amino acids cysteine, methionine and homocysteine. It is concluded, that the failure of R. globiformis to grow on higher concentrations of sulfate is caused by disregulation of the sulfate assimilation pathway. Some preliminary evidence for this view is given in comparing the activities of some of the involved enzymes after growth on different sulfur sources and by examining the effect of O-acetylserine on these activities.
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  • 16
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    Springer
    In:  In: Understanding the North Sea System. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 97-113. ISBN 978-94-010-4540-7
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-10-07
    Beschreibung: Coupling of physical, biological and chemical processes associated with particle resuspension and seston flux was investigated at three sites in the North Sea with contrasting water column (mixed/stratified) and seabed (cohesive/non-cohesive) characteristics.
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  • 17
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    Wiley
    In:  Evolution, 48 (5). p. 1451.
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-23
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  • 18
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 371 (6495). pp. 289-290.
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-02
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  • 19
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-06-06
    Beschreibung: RNA/DNA ratios in individual herring (Clupea harengus) larvae (collected from Kiel Bay, Baltic Sea, in 1989) were measured and proved suitable for determining nutritional status. Significant differences between fed and starving larvae appeared after 3 to 4 d of food deprivation in larvae older than 10 d after hatching. The RNA/DNA ratio showed an increase with age or length of the larvae and was less pronounced in starving larvae compared to fed larvae. The individual variability of RNA/DNA ratios in relation to larval length of fed larvae and of larvae deprived of food for intervals of 6 to 9 d is presented. Based on the length dependency and the individual variability found within the RNA/DNA ratios, a laboratory calibration is given to determine whether a larva caught in the field has been starving or not. An example for a field application is shown.
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  • 20
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    Springer
    In:  Climate Dynamics, 9 (4-5). pp. 167-179.
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-09-08
    Beschreibung: A hierarchy of ENSO (El Niño/Southern Oscillation) prediction schemes has been developed which includes statistical schemes and physical models. The statistical models are, in general, based on advanced statistical techniques and can be classified into models which use either low-frequency variations in the atmosphere (sea level pressure or surface wind) or upper ocean heat content as predictors. The physical models consist of coupled ocean-atmosphere models of varying degrees of complexity, ranging from simplified coupled models of the lsquoshallow waterrsquo-type to coupled general circulation models. All models, statistical and physical, perform considerably better than the persistence forecast on predicting typical indices of ENSO on lead times of 6 to 12 months. The most successful prediction schemes, the fully physical coupled ocean-atmosphere models, show significant prediction abilities at lead times exceeding one year period. We therefore conclude that ENSO is predictable at least one year in advance. However, all of this applies to gross indices of ENSO such as the Southern Oscillation Index. Despite the demonstrated predictability, little is known about the predictability of specific features known to be associated with ENSO (e.g. Indian Monsoon rainfall, Southern African drought, or even off-equatorial sea surface temperature). Nor has the relative importance for prediction of different regional anomalies or different physical processes yet been established. A seasonal dependence in predictability is well established, but the processes responsible for it are not fully understood.
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  • 21
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-01-24
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  • 22
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 372 (6505). pp. 421-424.
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-10
    Beschreibung: Observations of large and abrupt climate changes recorded in Greenland ice cores have spurred a search for clues to their cause. This search has revealed that at six times during the last glaciation, huge armadas of icebergs launched from Canada spread across the northern Atlantic Ocean, each triggering a climate response of global extent.
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  • 23
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-09-02
    Beschreibung: Analysis of aeolo-marine dust deposits in the subtropical eastern Atlantic enables the strength of the major wind patterns during the late Quaternary to be evaluated and gives an insight into the climate of North Africa.
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  • 24
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 372 (6507). pp. 621-622.
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-07-15
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  • 25
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-22
    Beschreibung: The Cenozoic margins of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea offer ideal conditions for passive margin studies. A series of structural elements, first observed on these margins, led to the concept of volcanic passive margins. Questions still remain about the development of such features and the location of the boundary between oceanic and continental crust. Despite the thin sediment cover of the margins, seismic reflection data are not able to image the deeper structures due to the occurrence of igneous rocks at shallow depth. This paper presents a 320-km long profile perpendicular to the strike of the main structural units of the Lofoten Margin in Northern Norway. A geological model is proposed, based on observations made with ocean bottom seismographs, which recorded seismic refraction data and wide angle reflections, along with a seismic reflection profile covering the same area. Ray-tracing was used to calculate a geophysical model from the shelf area into the Lofoten basin. The structures typical of a volcanic passive margin were found, showing that the Lofoten Margin was influenced by increased volcanic activity during its evolution. The ocean/continent transition is located in a 30-km wide zone landwards of the Vøring Plateau escarpment. The whole margin is underlain by a possibly underplated, high velocity layer. Evidence for a pre-rift sediment basin landwards of the escarpment, overlain by basalt flows, was seen. These structural features, related to extensive volcanism on the Lofoten Margin, are not as distinct as further south along the Norwegian Margin. Viewed in the light of the hot-spot theory of White and McKenzie (1989) the Lofoten Margin can be interpreted as a transitional type between volcanic and non-volcanic passive margin.
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  • 26
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 367 (6462). pp. 414-415.
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-16
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  • 27
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    Wiley
    In:  In: The oceanic lithosphere. , ed. by Emiliani, C. The Sea, 7 . Wiley, New York, pp. 1618-1684. ISBN 0-471-02870-3
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-02-07
    Materialart: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 28
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    Springer
    In:  Climate Dynamics, 10 (6-7). pp. 267-276.
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-09-08
    Beschreibung: Based on a combined data set of sea surface temperature, zonal surface wind stress and upper ocean heat content the dynamics of the El Niño phenomenon is investigated. In a reduced phase space spanned by the first four EOFs two different stochastic models are estimated from the data. A nonlinear model represented by a simulated neural network is compared with a linear model obtained with the principal oscillation pattern (POP) analysis. While the linear model is limited to damped oscillations onto a fix point attractor, the nonlinear model recovers a limit cycle attractor. This indicates that the real system is located above the bifurcation point in parameter space supporting self-sustained oscillations. The results are discussed with respect to consistency with current theory.
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  • 29
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    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 14 (3). pp. 205-210.
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-10-05
    Beschreibung: Energy requirements of resting Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), Gentoo (P. papua) and Chinstrap (P. antarcticd) penguin chicks were determined with respect to body mass via respirometry in Antarctica. Resting metabolic rates of all Pygoscelid penguin chicks were similar (ANOVA p=0.91) and best described by E=0.0096 M0.98 (n=24, r2=0.97), where E is power (W) and M is mass (g). Using the results obtained here and data published in the literature, I determined a) the amount of food needed from hatching to fledging as 29.8, 31.7 and 56.4 kg per chick for Adélie, Chinstrap and Gentoo penguins, respectively and b) the average amount of food left daily to the parent after feeding the brood throughout the breeding period. Parents keep only a minimum of food for themselves just prior to the time when chicks begin forming crèches. Thereafter, nest relief intervals are increased, and the amount of food parents can keep for themselves rises. The results of both models are discussed with respect to available data on Pygoscelid penguin food requirements.
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  • 30
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    Springer
    In:  Hydrobiologia, 292-293 (1). pp. 271-282.
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-03-15
    Beschreibung: Multiple opening-closing nets of 0.05 mm mesh size were employed to study the community structure and vertical distribution of microcopepods at selected stations in the Red Sea, Arabian Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Sea down to a maximum depth of 1850 m. Calanoids, cyclopoids (Oithona and Paroithona) and poecilostomatoids (mainly Oncaea) were the 3 most abundant orders. In the epipelagic zone (0–100 m), these orders occurred at similar abundance levels, whereas in the meso- and bathypelagic zones the poecilostomatoid genus Oncaea dominated numerically by about 60–80% of all copepodids. The species diversity of Oncaea in the Red Sea is compared with preliminary results from the two adjacent regions. In the deep Eastern Mediterranean Sea, the number of species appears to be similar to that in the deep Red Sea and low as compared to the deep Arabian Sea. In this latter area an extremely speciose Oncaea fauna was found at depth below the oxygen-minimum-zone (900–1850 m). The results are related to the differences in the hydrographic conditions of these 3 areas.
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  • 31
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    Springer
    In:  Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 69 (3). pp. 335-339.
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-03-14
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  • 32
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    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 118 (3). pp. 353-357.
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-03-15
    Beschreibung: Many researchers use external recording or transmitting devices to elucidate the marine ecology of fish, mammals and birds. Deleterious effects of these instruments on the parameters researchers wish to measure are hardly ever discussed in the literature. Research has shown that, in penguins, volume and cross-sectional area of instruments negatively correlate with swimming speed. dive depth and breeding success, and that device colour affects bird behaviour. Here, a large (200 g, cross-sectional area 2100 mm2) streamlined device was attached to the lower back of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae on Ardley Island, South Shetland Island in 1992) and its effects on bird swimming speed and energetics were measured in a water canal in Antarctica. Although the device was 10.5% of penguin cross-sectional area, swimming speed was reduced by only 8.3% and mean power input increased by only 5.6% while swimming. Although our streamlined device was five times more voluminous than one of our older units, the effect on swimming energetics could be reduced by 87%.
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  • 33
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    In:  In: Carbon Cycling in the Glacial Ocean: Constraints on the Ocean’s Role in Global Change. , ed. by Zahn, R., Pedersen, T. F., Kaminski, M. A. and Labeyrie, L. NATO ASI Series I: Global Environmental Change, 17 . Springer, Berlin, pp. 367-382.
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-24
    Beschreibung: We reconstructed past variations in CO2 partial pressure (local PCO2) in the surface waters of the East Atlantic equatorial upwelling zone over the last 330,000 years, based on the δ13C record of the (marine) organic matter in ‘Meteor’ core 16772. To deduce the initial δ13Corganic values of plankton and the CO2 solubility in surface water, the δ13C record was adjusted for i) past variations in (winter) sea surface temperature, ii) variations in the δ13C composition of inorganic carbon dissolved in the surface waters, using the δ13C values of G. ruber (white), and iii) isotopic fractionation during the degradation of settling organic matter in the water column and on the sediment surface. The calculated paleo-PCO2 variations in the surface waters show a strong signal at the obliquity frequency and are approximately parallel to the VOSTOK ice-core record of atmospheric PCO2 over the last 140,000 years. Holocene PCO2 values varied within the range of modern local PCO2, which is 350–400 ppmv compared to a pre-industrial atmospheric pCO2 level of 280 ppmv. This positive anomaly demonstrates the persistent CO2 release from upwelled subsurface water. The glacial-to-interglacial amplitudes of local PCO2 (at the core site) exceeded those of atmospheric pCO2 by 20–60%, with values of less than 250 to 300 ppmv during cold isotopic stages, which indicate a decreased net carbon outgassing from the ocean to the atmosphere. The close correlation between high paleo-PCO2 and low paleo-nutrient contents and paleoproductivity (r=0.7–0.8) suggests that the local PCO2 variations resulted mainly from CO2 transfer by phytoplankton production, especially over the last 170,000 years.
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  • 34
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    Springer
    In:  Marine Geophysical Researches, 16 (4). pp. 287-301.
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Vesteris Seamount is a solitary submarine volcano located at 73-degrees-30' N, 9-degrees-10' W in the Greenland Basin. Steeply rising from a base depth of 3100 m to a minimum depth of approximately 130 m and striking 030-degrees/210-degrees, the feature lies approximately 300 km east of the east Greenland margin on an otherwise nearly flat and featureless seafloor. The main body of the seamount appears to have been formed episodically, the last of which culminated about 110 000 years ago. Subsequent, lower intensity volcanic activity continued sporadically until about 25 000 years ago, as evidenced by ash layers found in cores near the base of the feature. The smoothed surfaces at the summit make it likely that the seamount actually broached the surface during the Weichselian glacial period, between 8000 and 13 000 years ago. Two multibeam bathymetric investigations aboard PFS Polarstern during ARKTIS II/4 (1984) and ARKTIS VII/1 (1990), combined with geologic sampling. single-channel seismic profiling and underwater television coverage, have resulted in a new interpretation of both the morphology and origins of the seamount. Data collected aboard Polarstern from ARKTIS II/4 (1984) have been previously reported by Hempel et al. (1991), however, when combined with the ARKTIS VII/1 (1990) data set, a more detailed interpretation of the morphology and structure was feasible. This included the elongated shape of the feature and showed the existence of several small volcanic cones on the seamount flanks.
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  • 35
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 99 (2). pp. 2955-2968.
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-02
    Beschreibung: Early Tertiary lithospheric breakup between Eurasia and Greenland was accompanied by a transient (∼3 m.y.) igneous event emplacing both the onshore flood basalts of the North Atlantic Volcanic Province (NAVP) and huge extrusive complexes along the continent‐ocean transition on the rifted continental margins. Seismic data show that volcanic margins extend 〉2600 km along the early Eocene plate boundary, in places underlain by high‐velocity (7.2–7.7 km/s) lower crustal bodies. Quantitative calculations of NAVP dimensions, considered minimum estimates, reveal an areal extent of 1.3×106 km2 and a volume of flood basalts of 1.8×106 km3, yielding a mean eruption rate of 0.6 km3/yr or 2.4 km3/yr if two‐thirds of the basalts were emplaced within 0.5 m.y. The total crustal volume is 6.6×106 km3, resulting in a mean crustal accretion rate of 2.2 km3/yr. Thus NAVP ranks among the world's larger igneous provinces if the volcanic margins are considered. The velocity structure of the expanded crust seaward of the continent‐ocean boundary differs from standard oceanic and continental crustal models. Based on seismic velocities this “volcanic margin” crust can be divided into three units of which the upper unit corresponds to basaltic extrusives. The regionally consistent velocity structure and geometry of the crustal units suggest that the expanded crust, including the high‐velocity lower crust which extends some distance landward of the continent‐ocean boundary, was emplaced during and subsequent to breakup. The volcanic margin crust was formed by excess melting within a wide zone of asthenospheric upwelling, probably reflecting the interaction of a mantle plume and a lithosphere already extending.
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  • 36
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    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 65 (1). pp. 1-12.
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-05
    Beschreibung: The biology of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier inhabiting subtropical littoral reefs off the east coast of South Africa was investigated. Analyses of stomach contents and lair middens revealed that the mussel Perna perna was the dominant food organism. Growth rate of captive individuals was higher than has previously been recorded but food conversion was lower. Females became sexually mature at 900 g which is estimated to be attained in 3.6 months. Males became sexually mature at 400 g, which is estimated to be attained after 3 months. Results indicate that females live for 9–12 months and have the potential to reach 4 000 g in 240 d while males live for about 12–15 months and have the potential to achieve 4 000 g in 290 d. Mating and breeding occurred throughout the year although evidence for the seasonal migration of females is presented and discussed in relation to breeding and feeding behaviour.
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  • 37
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-04-26
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  • 38
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: Standing stock and size composition of the zooplankton comunity (〉100 μm) were studied in four depth strata of the upper 200 m of the water column during a “Meteor” cruise to the central Red Sea and Gulf of Aden in spring 1987. The central Red Sea was divided into a northern area of higher salinity and a less saline southern part. Both areas exhibited significant differences in zooplankton abundance and standing stock. The latter increased by the ratio 1:2:3 from the northern central Red Sea to its southern part and further south to the Gulf of Aden. For size structure analysis samples were fractionated into three size classes (100 to 300, 300 to 500, 500 to 5000 μm). In the central Red Sea the smallest size was dominant whereas in the Gulf of Aden the largest size fraction played a greater relative role than in the central Red Sea. This shift in size structure of the zooplankton community from the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden is apparently primarily related to ecosystem difference between both areas, leading to a change in species composition. In addition, size reduction of individual species common to both seas may be of some significance in the extreme environment of the Red Sea.
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  • 39
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    Springer
    In:  In: Global Precipitations and Climate Change. , ed. by Desbois, M. and Desalmand, F. NATO ASI Series, 26 . Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 249-264. ISBN 978-3-642-79270-0
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: The application of microwave radiometry for rainfall estimation is discussed. The first part presents a description of processes by which hydrometeors affect microwave radiation. In order to show the state-of-art of rainfall estimation with space-borne microwave radiometry five algorithms are intercompared in the second part. Two are based on scattering, one on emission and two are mixed algorithms, which include both emission and scattering. The algorithms are applied to SSM/I observations over the Atlantic Ocean. The retrieved rainfall rates by the different algorithms partly differ a great deal. The differences depend on climatic regions, demonstrating that the algorithms are probably tuned to certain atmospheric conditions. The question arises whether a globally applicable algorithm is possible at all. A severe problem is the validation of the retrieved precipitation because hardly any direct observations are available. Thus an intercomparison of algorithms is today the only way to understand the behaviour of a scheme in different weather and climate situations and assess its results.
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  • 40
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    Springer
    In:  Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift, 46 (2). pp. 115-130.
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-08-14
    Beschreibung: In March/April 1991 hydrographic parameters (salinity, temperature) and hydrochemical parameters (concentrations of phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, silicate and pH) were measured continuously in the surface water of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. The hydrographic parameters were determined by means of a TS,pH probe and the chemical parameters were determined by means of an Auto Analyser. The cruise track through the Baltic Proper, the western Baltic Sea, the transition area to the North Sea and the North Sea with the mouth of the river Elbe was around 2050 nautical miles long and included some 2100 data-points. The different phases of the Baltic Sea's spring diatom bloom were inferred from the different nutrient concentrations measured; a comparison with the hydrographic data revealed that the bloom was largely unconnected to the hydrography. The same situation was encountered in the North Sea except that the spring bloom there had already reached a later phase. In those regions of the Baltic Sea where a plankton bloom had already occurred or was still under way, strong patchiness of the hydrochemical parameters was also observed; it was sometimes possible to relate it to the topography. This patchiness was far less pronounced in the North Sea and in regions of the Baltic Sea where conditions were still wintry. This paper discusses the advantages and possible applications of the method of continuous measurement of hydrochemical parameters across large areas with high temporal and spatial resolution.
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  • 41
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    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 10 (4). pp. 353-361.
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-08-17
    Beschreibung: The effects of a floating fish farm in Kiel Fjord, Western Baltic, have been studied in the summer 1991 by underwater video, sediment and benthos samples. Significant alterations of the benthos and sediment geochemistry as compared to control stations were documented. The sediment under the farm is anoxic, organically enriched (1.5 to 3.5 fold), covered by sulfur bacteria, and almost free of benthic macro fauna. Rates of decay of organic carbon and oxygen uptake (derived from porewater profiles) are high and account for 100–150 mmol m‐2 d‐1 in summer.
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  • 42
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    Wiley
    In:  Biologie in unserer Zeit, 24 (2). p. 82.
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-08-13
    Beschreibung: Nicht leicht haben es die Vertreter einer wenig beschriebenen Terordnung, nach denen wir diesmal fragen. Birgt doch ihr Parasitendasein mit mehrfachem Wirtswechsel in den Weiten der Ozeane nicht wenige Gefahren.
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  • 43
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    Springer
    In:  Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 54 (1-4). pp. 157-171.
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-08-17
    Beschreibung: A method is presented to infer cloud liquid water path (LWP in kg/m2) over the ocean from passive microwave measurements of SSM/I. The algorithm to retrieve LWP is based on simulated satellite observations. They are calculated with a radiative transfer model applied to about 3000 radiosonde ascents over the Atlantic Ocean. Since radiosonde observations do not contain direct information about cloud water and ice, these parameters are parameterized based on relative humidity and temperature using modified adiabatic liquid water density profiles. A multiple linear regression is applied to the simulated radiances and the calculated LWP to derive the algorithm. The retrieval accuracy based on the regression analysis including instrumental noise is 0.03 kg/m2. Validation of the LWP-algorithm was pursued through a comparison with measurements of a ground-based 33 GHzmicrowave radiometer on board of R.V. “Poseidon” during the International Cirrus Experiment 1989 at the North Sea (ICE'89). The LWP values agree within the range of uncertainty caused by the different sampling characteristics of the observing systems. The retrieval accuracy for clear-sky cases determined using colocated METEOSAT data over the North Sea is 0.037 kg/m2 and confirms the accuracy estimated from regression analysis for the low liquid water cases. The algorithm was used to derive maps of monthly mean LWP over the Atlantic Ocean. As an example the Octobers of the 5 years 1987–1991 were selected to demonstrate the interannual variability of LWP. The results were compared with the cloud water content produced by the climate model ECHAM-T2 from the Max-Planck-Institut Hamburg. Observations during ICE'89 were used to check the accuracy of the applied radiative transfer model. Brightness temperatures were calculated from radiosonde ascents launched during the overpass of DMSP-F8 in cloud-free situations. The channel-dependent differences range from about −2 to 3 K. The possibility to identify different cloud types using microwave and infrared observations was examined. The main conclusion is that simultaneous microwave and infrared measurements enable the separation of dense cirrus and cirrus with underlying water clouds. A classification of clouds with respect to their top heights and LWP was carried out using a combination of SSM/I derived LWP and simultaneously recorded Meteosat IR-data during ICE'89.
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  • 44
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    Springer
    In:  Oceanology, 34 (3). pp. 373-379.
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-19
    Beschreibung: Some species of wide-spread tropical squids and pelgic octopuses (Histioteuthis hoylei, Alloposus mollis and others), based on beak findings in sperm whale stomachs, were common in the 1950s and early 1960s and widely distributed along the Kuril' Islands, eastern Kamchatka, in the Bering Sea, near the Aleutian Islands and the Gulf of Alaska, but later they were never recorded north of northwastern Honshu or southeast of the southern Kuril's. In 1990-1992 the squid Watasenia scintillans extended north to the middle Kuril's and, in smaller quantities, to the northern Kuril's while H. hoylei extended to the western Bering Sea. In the summer of 1992, Ancistrocheirus lesueurii, Mastigoteuthis dentata?, Eledonella pygmaea, and Allopsus mollis were also caught off the Shikotan, Kunashir, and Iturup Islands. A. lesueurii and E. pygmaea were caught in the Russian EEZ for the first time. We discuss why the warm-water species appear in the Russian Far Eastern seas again, after a long period of absence.
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  • 45
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    Springer
    In:  Springer, Berlin, Germany, 274 pp. ISBN 3-540-57676-2
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-28
    Materialart: Book , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 46
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 86 (B5). pp. 3867-3880.
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-11-03
    Beschreibung: Three arrays of ocean bottom seismographs have been deployed to study the seismicity at the northern end of the Juan de Fuca ridge system off western Canada. Nearly 100 events were located with estimated accuracies generally better than ±10 km, all lying on or near the en echalon ridge-transform fault plate boundaries as defined in this area by the magnetic anomalies, the seafloor morphology and by other geophysical data. The depths of 12 events were determined to lie between 2 and 6 km below the top of the crust. The seismograms exhibit clear P and S wave arrivals along with phases that involve P to S and sometimes S to P conversion probably at the base of the sediments beneath the instruments. The event magnitudes have been estimated from signal duration using four calibration events that were well recorded by a land station. The magnitude estimates permit the determination of rough magnitude-frequency of occurrence relations over the magnitude range of 1 to 3 that are in surprisingly good agreement with the recurrence relations for the area at larger magnitudes from 75 years of land station data. The mean P wave velocity in the uppermost mantle from the earthquake data recorded by the sea floor arrays is 7.6 km s-1 and the mean Vp/Vs ratio is 1.71 or a Poisson's ratio of 0.24.
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  • 47
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-15
    Beschreibung: Changes in permeability and porosity during shortening deformation of Carrara marble and hot-pressed calcite aggregates were measured under high pressure at room temperature using argon as pore fluid. At effective pressures of 30 and 50 MPa, the permeability of Carrara marble increased by up to 2 orders of magnitude with less than 2% strain during which the connected porosity increased by only 0.005. The permeability increased more slowly with further strain up to 18%, during which the connected porosity increased by a further 0.05 to 0.06. At effective pressures of 100 MPa to 200 MPa, these effects were much less marked. In hot-pressed calcite aggregates, deformed at an effective pressure of 50 MPa, the permeability increased by about 2 orders of magnitude after about 12% strain and an increase in connected porosity of about 0.03. Microstructural studies indicate that, in the coarse-grained Carrara marble specimens, both transgranular and grain boundary cracks are present after room temperature deformation. For a given strain, the average length and the linear density of transgranular cracks decrease with increasing effective pressure. In fine-grained, hot-pressed calcite aggregates, dilatancy is mainly due to opening of grain boundary cracks. The very marked increase in permeability with small strain at low effective pressure can be correlated with the proliferation of connected microcracks of relatively large apertures, deduced on the basis of theoretical models.
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  • 48
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    Springer
    In:  Characteristic Multifractal Element Distributions in Recent Bioactive Marine Sediments | Fractals and Dynamic Systems in Geoscience
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 49
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    Springer
    In:  From No-Man's Land to a Congested Paradise: An Environmental History of Mauritius | Population-Development-Environment: Understanding their Interactions in Mauritius
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 50
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    Springer
    In:  Modeling the Water Systems | Population-Development-Environment: Understanding their Interactions in Mauritius
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 51
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    Springer
    In:  Population-Development-Environment: Understanding their Interactions in Mauritius
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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