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  • Articles  (12)
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • Adaptation
  • 1980-1984  (12)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1984  (5)
  • 1981  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can strains give adequate information for adaptive bone remodeling? (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. S118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Strain ; Remodeling ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary For bone to remodel adaptively, the cells responsible should follow some algorithm. Nine different loading situations and structures are discussed. It seems that either algorithm must be extremely complex, or cells in different structures must follow different algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406144
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptation properties of the ERG in the grasshopper, Romalea microptera (1981)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 7 (1981), S. 205-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Grasshopper ; Electroretinogram ; Adaptation ; Spectral sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The grasshopper ERG displays a rapid recovery of responsivity following the onset of a background light. Although observed earlier in skate and frog, this phenomenon has not previously been seen in an invertebrate. Furthermore, a period of hyperresponsivity exists in early dark adaptation and resembles that found in skate and frog. Thus, recovery in the light and hyperresponsivity in the dark seem to be corollaries of each other. Finally, spectral sensitivity of the ERG is determined and two peaks are found: one at 510 nm and the other at 360 nm. The former appears to be a rhodopsin-mediated sensitivity but the latter does not and they are not clearly separated by chromatic adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539180
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of bacteria at 100°C and beyond (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 129 (1981), S. 127-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Continuous culture ; Adaptation ; Simulation of hot springs ; Boiling point ; Caldoactive bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bacillus caldolyticus, a caldoactive bacterium originating from a hot spring at Yellowstone Park, was grown in a defined medium, whose composition resembled that of the pool water. Using a chemostat culture, which simulated the natural conditions, the organism could be adapted to grow at 100°C at a reasonable rate. Under increased pressure growth occurred also at 105° C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455347
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of enzymes from bacteria grown in the 70–100°C range (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Boiling point ; Caldoactive enzymes ; Stabilization ; Thermostability ; Thermal characteristics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In chemostat cultures of Bacillus caldolyticus, adaptation in a single step from 70–100°C was followed under aerobic and oxygen-limited conditions and was found to proceed more smoothly under the latter circumstances. Variations of the medium (e.g. yeast extract or silicate concentrations) showed that growth at 100°C is in all respects similar to that of cultures at moderate temperatures. Enzyme preparations derived from cultures at 5°C intervals between 70 and 100°C were used to determine the temperature range. For all nine enzymes tested, the optimum temperature was found to be 67°C; the latter was independent of the growth temperature. Differences were found, however, with respect to the maximum temperature of individual enzymes, and three groups, with maxima between 70 and 80°C, 80 and 90°C and 90 and 100°C can be distinguished. Again, there was no correlation with the growth temperature. Stability experiments also revealed that enzymes from the same organism can have different thermal properties: Some were found to be quite thermolabile (e.g. the pyruvate kinase), while others (e.g. hexokinase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase) exhibited a high thermostability. These properties were not related to the growth temperature within the 70–100°C range, too. Six of the enzymes tested could be stabilized by their respective substrates, but the degree of protection varied for individual enzymes. Three enzymes (acetate kinase, glutamate dehydrogenase and myokinase) could not be stabilized by their substrates. Comparative experiments with the hexokinase suggested, that the thermal integrity of the enzymes is better protected within the cell as compared to the stability of the enzyme preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411071
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultra-violet mutagenesis of Synechocystis sp. 6701: mutations in chromatic adaptation and phycobilisome assembly (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 138 (1984), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Synechocystis 6701 ; Phycobilisomes ; Ultra-violet ; Mutagenesis ; Assembly ; Chromatic ; Adaptation ; Rods ; Cores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mutations affecting pigmentation of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. 6701 were induced with ultraviolet light. Two mutants with phycobilisome structural changes were selected for structural studies. One mutant, UV08, was defective in chromatic adaptation and incorporated phycoerythrin into phycobilisomes in white or red light at a level typical of growth in green light. The other mutant, UV16, was defective in phycobilisome assembly: little phycocyanin was made and none was attached to the phycobilisome cores. The cores were completely free of any rod substructures and contained the major core peptides plus the 27,000 Mr linker peptide that attaches rods to the core. Micrographs of the core particles established their structural details. Phycoerythrin in UV 16 was assembled into rod structures that were not associated with core material or phycocyanin. The 30,500 Mr and 31,500 Mr linker peptides were present in the phycoerythrin rods with the 30,500 Mr protein as the major component. Phycobilisome assembly in vivo is discussed in light of this unusual mutant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402128
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical considerations on growth kinetics and physiological adaptation of nutrient-limited phytoplankton (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1984), S. 96-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Physiology ; Adaptation ; Growth ; Droop ; Monod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In many experimental ecological studies on phytoplankton species the growth response of an organism to the prevailing environmental conditions have been studied. Curves relating specific growth rate (μ) to the external nutrient concentration (S) have been constructed to compare nutrient-limited growth of different species under steady state conditions. Microorganisms adapt their physiology to a certain limitation in order to optimize growth. Therefore the shape of the μ/S curve is closely related to the way a micoorganism adapts its physiology. To see how physiological adaptation and growth rate are interconnected to each other, both can be related to the internal concentration of the growth-limiting nutrient. How the growth rate is related to the internal nutrient concentration is presented in a mathematical equation. Many phytoplankton species during growth under different nutrient limitations show a linear relationship between μ and the reciprocal value of the internal nutrient content (= Yield). This was originally observed by Droop. The model presented here gives a theoretical explanation of this phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409779
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the rye chromosome constitution and the amount of telomeric heterochromatin in the widely and narrowly adapted hexaploid triticales (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticale ; Rye ; Hexaploids ; Adaptation ; Chromosomal substitutions ; Modified chromosomes ; Telomeric heterochromatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Investigations were made on the rye chromosome constitution and on the presence of telomeric heterochromatin in rye chromosomes of the 26 most widely and 24 most narrowly adapted triticale strains. Among widely adapted lines, 22 (85%) had a complete rye genome and four triticales only had chromosomal R-D genome substitutions. Twenty-three (96%) of the 24 most narrowly adapted triticales had substitutions between the chromosomes of the R and D genomes. The most widely adapted triticales accumulated fewer modified rye chromosomes in comparison to narrowly adapted lines. They had from one to three rye chromosomes with heterochromatic deletions: 46% of widely adapted lines had two modified rye chromosomes; 34% had three modified rye chromosomes, and 19% had a single modified rye chromosome. In widely adapted strains, the 1R, 4R, 5R and 6R modified chromosomes were observed; they were present in 80%, 73%, 50% and 11% of the cases, respectively. The most narrowly adapted triticales had from two to four modified rye chromosomes: 58% of the strains had three modified rye chromosomes; 29% had four modified rye chromosomes and 12% had two modified rye chromosomes. The modified 4R and 5R chromosomes were present in all of these lines. The 1R (modified), 6R (modified) and 7R (modified) were found in 83%, 25% and 16%, respectively, of the narrowly adapted strains. Results support the previous observations (Pilch 1980b) that a wide adaptation of hexaploid triticales is associated with the presence of the full potential of rye genome, and that it is independent of the amount of telomeric heterochromatin possessed by rye chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264517
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptational changes of plastids in the leaves ofLigustrum ovalifolium Hassk. var.aureum at different light intensities (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 122 (1984), S. 132-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Light intensity ; Ligustrum ; Plastids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The capacity of adaptation and the range of adjustment to different light conditions in fully expanded mutant leaves were studied on an aurea variety of privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. var.aureum). Whenever the light conditions are altered leaves respond immediately. Although adaptational changes in leaf thickness are not possible, the change in colour, as well as changes in pigment concentrations take place within several days. With increasing light intensity there is a marked decline in chlorophyll concentration and the carotenoid yield becomes much higher. Under low light conditions the chlorophyll content is high, while the carotenoid concentration drops significantly. The mutant chloroplasts from green leaves always have a well developed thylakoid system. The only difference between young green leaves (DG1) and older regreened ones (DG2) is in the number of thylakoids per granum (grana in older leaves consist of more thylakoids), while the stacking degree of thylakoids remains about the same (74 and 77% respectively). Depending on the previous light conditions fine structure of plastids in yellow leaves differs considerably. Young yellow leaves (Y0) contain plastids with longitudinal arrays of dilated thylakoids and prothylakoid bodies occasionally. Plastids from primarily green leaves which turned yellow afterwards in strong sunlight (Y1) are characterized by thylakoids densely packed into cup-shaped stacks, or large vesicles originating from dilated thylakoids. The stacking degree of thylakoids in sun exposed yellow leaves (determined only in Y0 leaves) is extremely low and reaches only 29%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279446
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate production in the rhizosphere of Plantago species (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 61 (1981), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Allelopathy ; Ecophysiology ; Grassland ; Plantago ; Nitrate production ; Nitrate reductase ; Nitrate uptake ; Nitrification ; Nitrifying bacteria ; Rhizosphere ; Root environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The production of nitrate in an old established dune grassland soil and its uptake by plants was studied by comparing amounts of mineral nitrogen and numbers of nitrifying bacteria in the rhizosphere on the one hand, and on the other accumulated nitrate and levels of nitrate reductase (NaR) of individual plants of three Plantago species,i. e., P. major, P. lanceolata andP. coronopus. For these three Plantago species andP. media basal levels of NaR in the absence of nitrate were determined in plants grown in culture solutions. The basal NaR levels ofP. major andP. media (species occurring on nutrient-rich soils) were significantly higher than those ofP. lanceolata andP. coronopus (species found on nutrient-poor soils). NaR activity increased in the presence of nitrate and was suppressed by ammonium. From the numbers of nitrifying bacteria in the rhizosphere and NaR activity in the leaves it was concluded that nitrate was produced in the root environments of the three Plantago species and that the compound was taken up by the plants. NaR activities and numbers of nitrifying bacteria were higher for individuals ofP. major than for those ofP. lanceolata andP. coronopus. No correlation was found between the ammonium levels and the numbers of nitrifying bacteria in the soil, and no indications of inhibition of nitrifying bacteria in the rhizosphere were obtained. For individuals ofP. lanceolata a correlation was found between the numbers of nitrifying bacteria in the soil and NaR activity in the leaves. The results are discussed in relation to the ecological habitats of the three species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277361
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Obtention d'un mutant deRhizobium meliloti adapté aux cultures de luzerne en terres acides (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 99-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Luzerne ; Mutant ; Rhizobium meliloti ; Terres acides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Resume Un mutant acido-tolérant deR. meliloti a été isolé. Le caractère de résistance en milieu acide n'a pas été obtenu par adaptation sur des milieux de plus en plus acides mais par mutagenèses successives provoquées par la N-méthyl-N'nitroso-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) et sélection sur milieu acide de façon à rendre stable le caractère acido-tolérant. Ce mutant acide présente la propriété de se développer plus lentement que la souche sauvage sur milieu pauvre. Ceci ne l'empêche pas de présenter sensiblement la même efficience que cette dernière à pH voisin de la neutralité en milieu synthétique. L'étude comparative de l'efficience de la souche parentale et de la souche mutée sur la luzerne cultivée en terre acide est rendue difficile du fait de la présence de nitrates qui réduit la nodulation et inhibe l'action de la nitrogénase: par épuisement, en effectuant une culture dense de luzerne sur cette terre, il est possible de mettre en évidence ensuite l'activité symbiotique importante à pH 5,9 du mutant par rapport à la souche sauvage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02377115
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water relations, ethylene production, and morphological adaptation ofFraxinus pennsylvanica seedlings to flooding (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 77 (1984), S. 183-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Adventitious roots ; Ethylene ; Flooding ; Fraxinus pennsylvanica ; Lenticels ; Turgidity ; Water potential ; Water relations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. seedlings that were 150 days old adapted well to flooding of soil with stagnant water for 28 days. Early stomatal closure, followed by reopening as well as hypertrophy of lenticels and formation of adventitious roots on submerged portions of stems appeared to be important adaptations for flood tolerance. Leaf water potential (ψ1) was consistently higher in flooded than in unflooded seedlings, indicating higher leaf turgidity in the former. This was the result of (1) early reduction in transpiration associated with stomatal closure, and (2) subsequently increased absorption of water by the newly-formed adventitious roots as stomata reopened and transpiration increased. Waterlogging of soil was followed by large increases in ethylene content of stems, both below and above the level of submersion. Formation of hypertrophied lenticels and adventitious roots on flooded plants was correlated with increased ethylene production. However, the involvement of various compounds other than ethylene in inducing morphological changes in flooded plants is also emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182922
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative topography of organelles in the liver (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 209-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Liver (Rat) ; Organelle topography ; Adaptation ; Fructose ; Quantitation ; Histochemistry ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After seven days of feeding fructose the liver of Wistar rats showed enormous accumulations of glycogen, which completely altered the original pattern of distribution of organelles. A quantitative morphological method was used to analyze these changes. The cytoplasm was mapped into arbitrary “distance classes” corresponding to concentric rings beginning at the outer nuclear membrane. This allowed the density of organelles in a given zone to be estimated. In cells filled with glycogen as a result of the fructose feeding, the following rearrangements were found: in the intermediate zone of both cellular poles (i.e., bile canalicular pole and sinusoidal pole) the mitochondria disappeared, being replaced by glycogen. The endoplasmic reticulum was accumulated in the perinuclear zone of both cellular poles, as in control animals, but was reduced throughout the rest of cytoplasm. It showed a peripheral density maximum at the biliary canalicular pole, in contrast to the cells of control animals. These changes in the distribution of the organelles and cellular “compartments” correspond to histochemical findings and demonstrate an adaptive reaction in the liver parenchyma to fructose ingestion, the organelles arranging themselves in cytoplasmic regions which still show a metabolic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216583
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