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  • Articles  (60)
  • 42.55  (25)
  • hypertension  (19)
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  • Springer  (60)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • Frontiers Media
  • 2020-2022
  • 1980-1984  (60)
  • 1975-1979
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  • 1980  (60)
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  • Articles  (60)
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  • Springer  (60)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • Frontiers Media
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  • 2020-2022
  • 1980-1984  (60)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1970-1974
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  • 1
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    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 175-184 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of output-coupling optimization of a transversely or longitudinally pumped dye laser is treated in terms of a rate equation approach under steady state considerations. The theoretical study considers the spatial variation of the gain distribution and such typical features of a dye laser as reabsorption, triplet effects and excited state absorption. Numerical results obtained with realistic values of typical laser parameters (cross-sections for stimulated emission and reabsorption, number density of active molecules etc.) indicate that a higher degree of output coupling and consequently higher output powers are feasible upon a complete consideration of the spatial gain distribution
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.80 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract As an outcome of a systematic study of excitation kinetics and fluorescence spectra concerning theD′(3π2u )→A′(3π2g ) transitions in homonuclear diatomic halogens and corresponding transitions in interhalogen molecules [1], this paper describes, for the first time, TEA laser action in the three halogen monofluorides ClF, BrF, and IF. Output energies in the mJ range were demonstrated in a fast TEA discharge arrangement at the wavelengths of 284.4, 354.5, and 490.8 nm for ClF, BrF, and IF, respectively. The results suggest parameter scalability and wavelength tunability.
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  • 3
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    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 25-28 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 35 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract He−Zn and He−ZnCl2 hollow cathode discharges were compared. The metal vapour concentration necessary for laser operation can be achieved at a lower temperature for the molecular substance. On the other hand, the efficiency decreases because part of the He ions necessary for the selective excitation of the upper laser level of the metal ion are lost in the dissociation process.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 42.55 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The application of the high-pressure chamber with a pressure transmitting medium (liquid at room temperature) to diode-laser tuning was found to be a useful method for high-resolution spectroscopy. Ammonia absorbtion spectra in the 10 μm region were recorded with a resolution approaching the Doppler limit.
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  • 5
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    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 237-240 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 34.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Selective single-line oscillation has been obtained from an NH3 laser in the range from 11 to 13 μm. Pumping of high pressure NH3−He mixture with theR(30) line of a TEA-CO2 laser made it possible to tune on more than 30 lines with the aid of a grating. However, such line tunable oscillation was not observed when theR(16) line was used for pumping. Reasons for this difference are discussed.
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  • 6
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    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 319-321 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report the observation that the helical TE N2 laser can effectively be simplified by giving up the use of decoupling elements as well as by abolishing the segmentation of the electrode structure. Although, as a consequence of this simplification, the operating pressure range was slightly decreased, the output power could be improved by roughly 30%, a result which is attributed to the new electrode geometry exhibiting lower inductance and lower damping losses.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 87 ; 42.55 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on first attempts for selective action on nucleic acid components, namely uracil and adenine, using picosecond light pulses. Selective action was achieved both in the case of irradiation of mixtures of bases and in the case of irradiation of mixtures of different nucleic acids components, which contain uracil and adenine.
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  • 8
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    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present periodic solutions, which are described in terms of Jacobian elliptic functions, for the steady state pulses from a laser system consisting of a pair of amplifiers of unequal relaxation time mode locked by a “fast” saturable absorber. The pulsewidth and the average power in the pulse are expressed interms of the system parameters through two different approaches, where detailed plots are given for one of the approaches. Summary of the characters to be possessed by the amplifier pair to ensure the reliable production of shortest possible pulses is given.
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  • 9
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    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 277-281 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 52
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An analytical model is applied to the concept of a solar-pumped MHD laser utilizing the CsXe excimer and Cs2 dimerA-X laser transitions. The model predicts practical gain coefficients on the excimer band for supersonic flow of a 2000 K, 20 atmosphere cesium-xenon plasma across a ∼10 kG magnetic field.
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  • 10
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    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 421-427 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 47 ; 52
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The operation of an electrically excited gasdynamic CO laser with closed-cycle gas flow is described. Details of the gasdynamics, the recompression, and the cooling of the flowing gas are given. The electrical discharge produces contaminating gas compounds—in particular CO2—which accumulate in the recirculating gas. The resulting transient behavior of the laser gas composition, the discharge characteristics, and the laser performance are studied and compared with the results obtained with the same CO laser in an open-flow system. It is found that the closed-cycle system may be operated for considerable time if the CO2 contamination is removed from the laser gas.
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  • 11
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    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 15-19 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 64.75+g ; 61.70T ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The solubility of several dopants (Sb, Ga, Bi, In) in laser treated silicon has been investigated. The dopants were introduced by vacuum deposition followed by ruby laser irradiation. Their solubility was determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy measurements in channelling and random conditions. In all cases, a maximum solubilityC S * , much higher than the equilibrium solubility limitC S 0 and independent of the pulsed laser energy density, was found. The values obtained are in good agreement with those calculated from a simple model based on phase diagram considerations, using the relationship: $$C_S^* = \frac{{C_S^0 }}{{k_0 }}k^* ,$$ wherek 0 andk * are the equilibrium and effective distribution coefficients. Finally, the existence of a new solubility limit for a laser treatment is discussed.
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  • 12
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    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 127-130 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two new cw submillimetre lines optically pumped by the 9 μR(30) CO2 laser have been observed for14NH3 and assigned to thea(6,0)→s(5,0) transition and to its cascade transitions(5,0)→a(4,0) in thev 2=1 state. In addition, six new emission lines have been observed for NH2D, and one tentatively assigned to the (11,1)→(10,1) transition of ND3. Methylamine has also been investigated and twenty-eight new emission lines have been discovered.
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  • 13
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    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 341-344 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An N2-laser of 19 ns pulse-duration and an energy of 30 mJ has been developed and examined. A dc preionization, a grooved electrode and a partial electrical screening of the discharge tube permit reproducible single-shot operation and yield a homogeneous beam.
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  • 14
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    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 407-409 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 52 ; 85.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method is described for detection of CO2-laser power variations which requires no optical detector. It is based on plasma-tube impedance changes induced by the laser power flow within the cavity. A constant-current high-voltage power supply and a special equalizer are necessary to obtain a voltage proportional to the laser power. Details for the design of the equalizer are given. The detection scheme works for frequencies up to about 5 kHz and can be used for laser frequency stabilization or signature analysis.
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  • 15
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    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 149-154 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 52
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The stability of parallel pin electrode CO2-laser discharges, coupled by carrier diffusion only, against concentration of current in one column and subsequent transition into an arc, is investigated theoretically. A small signal description of the time dependent behaviour of a column with falling characteristic caused by a wall sheath of considerable width is used. It is shown that an inductance in series to each discharge is not able to avoid glow to arc transition, though enlarges the duration of the glow.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33 ; 82.50 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Absorption and fluorescence spectra of rarefied vapors ofp-terphenyl, 1,4-bis-[2(5-phenyloxazolyl)]-benzene, 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazole, 2,5-diphenylfuran are measured. Extinction coefficients, quantum yields of fluorescence and one-photon decomposition of molecules are determined for vapors excited by pulsed laser radiation at 266 and 355 nm in the temperature range from 200 to 400°C. It is shown that for all cases studied the one-photon decomposition is only a small part of the total quantum yield of the radiationless deactivation of the fluorescent state. Laser action has, for the first time, been obtained in 2,5-diphenylfuran vapor at 356 nm.
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  • 17
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    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 171-174 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A previous analysis that described loss of gain in a dye solution as a result of photochemical decomposition by pump photons is refined and is extended to the situation where impurities absorb at the pump wavelength. A limitation in the first paper is that it described only a single absorption depth in the medium at a constant pump fluxI p. The present examination includes the fall-off ofI p and integrates the total signal output with depth for a single-pass amplifier operated in the fully saturated gain condition. The equations are simpler, but as before loss of output, expressed in terms of a quantum yield of laser decayQ L, is minimized for a photochemically bleachable dye, and for one with high gain. Pumping in the vicinity of the absorption maximum is also advantageous.
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  • 18
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    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 355-359 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32 ; 42.55
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescence spectra in the near infrared are observed of the dye Eastman 9860 and of new, faster mode-locking dyes. The quantum efficiencies are determined to be small with η≃10−3. The short fluorescence lifetimes are deduced from optical gain measurements. The fluorescence time-constants are found to have the same value as the corresponding absorption recovery times. Even laser action is observed in these fast saturable absorbers previously belieyed to be non-fluorescent.
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  • 19
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    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 135-140 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A laser system capable of generating picosecond pulses of 2 ps duration and peak powers of up to 50 MW, tunable throughout the emission spectrum of the lasing medium is described. The system consists of a cw dye laser which is tuned and is actively mode-locked by means of a novel interferometer. Single-pulse amplification is achieved via a two-stage N2-laser-pumped amplifier arrangement. One of the most attractive features of the system here described is its inherent versatile broad tunability, which should allow, with different lasing media and pump sources, ps pulse generation from 400 to 700 nm using the same interferometer device.
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  • 20
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    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 295-298 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 41 ; 42.55
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of stimulated emission of radiation by an electron beam passing through a periodic longitudinal electrostatic field is presented, and its use in a free-electron laser structure is discussed. The analysis is based on a coupled-mode calculation of the interaction between a waveguided electromagnetic mode and an electron-beam plasma with finite cross section. The dispersion equation derived applies to the collective as well as the single electron regime.
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  • 21
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    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 95-114 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The development of excimers and excimer lasers are reviewed. The excimers of the noble gases (Xe 2 * , Kr 2 * , Ar 2 * ) and of the noble gas halides (e.g. KrF, XeCl) which, respectively, radiate in the vacuum ultra-violet and ultra-violet regions of the spectrum are described in terms of their structure, spectroscopy and formation kinetics and the methods of pumping, operational characteristics and applications of the lasers are discussed.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 35 ; 42.55 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A saturated absorption technique, using an actively stabilized cw dye laser has been developed to measure the saturation intensities of hyperfine transitions in a gaseous medium. Hyperfine lines belonging to theB-X system of molecular iodine have been investigated. The experimental method proposed, provides a means for measurement of the absolute value of the saturation parameter of the transition with an accuracy better than 10%. The behavior of the saturation intensity of some transitions with iodine pressure has been investigated in the range 30 m Torr→90mTorr.
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  • 23
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    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 219-225 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple single particle model of a free-electron laser (FEL) amplifier has been used in a computer simulation to determine the maximum fractional conversion of electron kinetic energy to laser energy. The simulation results can be represented by a single universal curve. A simple scaling relationship for the length of the optimized constant period helix together with the universal curve permit one to predict maximum fractional energy conversion for any set of values of initial electron energy, initial laser intensity, magnetic field amplitude, and magnet period.
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  • 24
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    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 299-302 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.30 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The spatial coherence function |Γ(s)| of ruby laser pulses has been measured by self-diffraction at a laser-induced grating depending on the distances between two points in the beam profile. The spatial coherence of the laser beam was changed by operating the laser in the fundamental transverse mode, in a transverse multimode and by applying different pump powers. The degree of spatial coherence was experimentally found to be a Gaussian, as described by the Collett-Wolf model. The new method for measuring the spatial coherence function |Γ(s)| is described and possible improvements are discussed.
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  • 25
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    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 345-348 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract New FIR emissions lines have been observed for HCOOH, D2CO and CD3Br. Assignments have been made of the HCOOH lines and for most of those of CD3Br. For D2CO, most of the new emissions showed a corresponding cascade transition.
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  • 26
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 321-326 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: sotalol ; hypertension ; renal impairment ; chronic administration ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ten hypertensive patients with moderate to severe impairment of renal function were treated with sotalol for 5 to 10 weeks (average 6.4 weeks). Dosage was individually titrated (range 80 to 480 mg daily). The drug was given once daily in the morning. In eight patients blood pressure was satisfactorily controlled. Higher steady-state levels were observed than have been reported after similar doses in patients with normal renal function. The apparent first-order elimination rate constant and plasma clearance were significantly correlated with glomerular filtration rate. For an anuric patient, serum half-life was calculated to be 69 h. In relation to the raised plasma levels, side effects were uncommon. Since sotalol is excreted predominantly via the kidney, therapy in patients with impaired renal function should start with a low dose and any increase in dosage should be made carefully. As the anti-hypertensive effect does not appear to be correlated with the plasma level or with tolerance, adjustment of dose should be based on clinical response.
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  • 27
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 225-229 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoprolol ; hypertension ; slow-release preparations ; maximal exercise power ; fatigue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The treatment of hypertension with a single daily-dose of a beta-blocker gives rise to high peak-plasma concentrations 1.5 h after ingestion. After slow release-preparations of beta-blockers, the peak concentrations are half those produced by the conventional preparation at the same oral dose. A frequently occurring side-effect of beta-blocker therapy is fatigue. In this study the effect of a single dose of metoprolol 300 mg, 200 mg, 200 mg slow-release and a placebo on maximal exercise power was tested in 6 healthy subjects, 1.5 h and 24 h after ingestion. Maximal exercise power was significantly reduced 1.5 h after ingestion of metoprolol 300 mg and 200 mg. No change was found 1.5 h after 200 mg of a slow-release preparation. The possible reasons for reduced maximal exercise power are discussed. It is concluded that use of a beta-blocker for the treatment of hypertension in a single daily-dose regimen may be a reason to prefer a slow-release preparation.
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  • 28
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 399-401 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prazosin ; hypertension ; central monoaminergic neurons ; monoamine metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six hypertensive patients were treated with prazosin up to a final dose of 3–4.5 mg/day. There was a significant reduction of blood pressure. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the major metabolites of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin were unchanged. This indicates that the antihypertensive effect is not mediated via central monoaminergic neurons as suggested by animal studies.
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  • 29
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 105-108 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: renin ; angiotensin ; aldosterone ; hypertension ; hypoaldosteronism ; pseudohypoaldosteronism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is increased activity of the renin, angiotensin, aldosterone (RAA) system in infancy and childhood. An inverse relationship between plasma renin, aldosterone and age has been demonstrated. In childhood hypertension due to renovascular disease or pyelonephritic scarring peripheral plasma renin is increased. Renal vein renin measurements in children with renal hypertension have proved valuable in predicting surgical curability of the underlying lesion. The upper limit of normal for the renal venous renin ratio in normotensive children without renal disease is 1.5. Pharmacological blockade of the RAA system has a place in diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive children. The plasma renin aldosterone profile is diagnostically useful in the investigation of salt-wasting disease and can easily distinguish between aldosterone biosynthetic defects and pseudohypoaldosteronism.
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  • 30
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 135-139 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; labetalol ; propranolol ; renal haemodynamics ; glomerular filtration rate ; blood pressure ; exercise ; renal blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of exercise on renal haemodynamics was examined in young patients with mild essential hypertension. Four groups of subjects were studied: 13 normotensive, healthy control subjects, and 15 untreated, 11 propranolol-treated, and 6 labetalol-treated patients. Renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured during four consecutive periods, a pre-exercise control period, two exercise periods with loads of 450 kpm/min and 600 kpm/min, respectively, and a post-exercise control period. In the untreated patients RPF and GFR were lower during exercise than in the normotensive control subjects, whereas no significant differences were found at rest. In the propranolol-treated patients the reduction in RPF and GFR during exercise was more pronounced than in the untreated hypertensives. In the labetalol-treated patients however, RPF and GFR were reduced only to the same degree as in the untreated hypertensives. The reduced renal blood flow in propranolol-treated patients may be attributed to a compensatory increase in sympathetic activity caused by an impaired cardiac response to exercise. The lack of reduction in renal blood flow during labetalol therapy could partly be related to alpha-adrenergic blockade in the renal vascular bed induced by labetalol, and partly to the smaller reduction in cardiac output during labetalol than during propranolol therapy.
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  • 31
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 231-235 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: molsidomine ; hypertension ; hypotension ; angina pectoris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Molsidomine (M), a new long-lasting antianginal compound, was studied in 38 hypertensive patients to assess its antihypertensive properties. Six patients were selected for an acute, single dose comparative trial with placebo over 8 h after treatment. The remaining 32 patients were used in a 1 month trial to study the effect on BP of more prolonged treatment. Systolic, diastolic and mean BP were significantly reduced after a single dose of M 4 mg, and the effect lasted for about 8 h. M also inhibited the hypertensive response to isometric exercise in handgrip tests performed 1 and 8 h after M ingestion. A dose-related decrease in systolic and diastolic BP in the one month trial was also observed. In addition to its antianginal properties, M appears to possess an interesting effect on BP in mildly to moderately hypertensive patients. A fall in BP is also a valuable effect in coronary patients with augmented metabolic demands of the heart.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; nifedipine ; beta-adrenoceptor blockade ; hypotensive action ; adverse effects ; combination therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antihypertensive effect of nifedipine (10–20 mg t.i.d.) given alone, or in combination with a beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, was related to the observed plasma concentration during one dosage interval at steady-state (Pl-Nifss). The study was carried out as a within-patient comparison of treatment with nifedipine or placebo for 4 weeks. A highly significant reduction in blood pressure was obtained during monotherapy, as well as during combined treatment. The blood pressure reduction when nifedipine was added to beta-adrenoceptor blockade was of the same magnitude as that observed on nifedipine monotherapy. A considerable variation in Pl-Nifss was noted (range: 2–70 ng/ml). No significant correlation was found between the percentage reduction in blood pressure and Pl-Nifss in either of the two groups. There was a close relationship between Pl-Nifss and the concentration found 4 h after the morning dose. Side-effects were common during nifedipine monotherapy and were the reason for discontinuation of treatment in 4 of 18 patients. In contrast, none of the 9 patients on combined treatment dropped-out. In neither of the treatment groups was there any evidence for sodium retention and volume expansion during the first 4 weeks expressed as weight gain or signs of cardiac insufficiency. However, in 13 patients who continued on long-term treatment for 3–14 months, a definite need for concomitant diuretic therapy was found. The results indicate that nifedipine is effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, either when given alone or in addition to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. It appears best tolerated as combination therapy. Long-term treatment requires addition of a diuretic. Pl-Nifss did not seem to be a major determinant of the magnitude of the hypotensive response.
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 375-382 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: calcium antagonist ; verapamil ; hypertension ; vasodilators ; plasma renin activity ; mode of action ; sodium balance ; fluid balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 12 in-patients with moderate uncomplicated hypertension, maintained on constant sodium intake for 15 days, single-blind oral administration of verapamil 80–160 mg t. i. d. for 10 days had a significant antihypertensive effect: in the supine position systolic blood pressure decreased from 177±5 to 150±3 mmHg, and diastolic pressure from 111±3 to 96±2 mmHg; standing values were similarly lowered from 171±7 to 143±4 mmHg, systolic, and from 118±4 to 97±2 mmHg, diastolic. The heart rate did not show any significant change (from 79±3 to 77±2 beats/min, supine, and from 92±3 to 87±3 beats/min, upright). The antihypertensive effect was uniform throughout the day, being similar 2, 3, 6 and 8 h after administration of a dose. Dynamic exercise (75–100 watts on a cycle-ergometer) caused identical increases in arterial pressure and heart rate on the last day of placebo and again on the last day with verapamil, but the peak levels of systolic pressure reached during exercise were lower after verapamil than with placebo, because of the lower blood pressure before exercise. Reduction of arterial pressure by verapamil was not accompanied by increased plasma renin activity, or by renal retention of sodium and water: there was a small increase in sodium excretion, at least during the first days of verapamil administration (from 107±15 to 113±15 mEq Na+/day), and a slight significant reduction in body weight (from 74.2±3.7 to 73.5±3.7 kg). It is concluded that oral administration of verapamil significantly lowers blood pressure without simultaneously inducing cardiac stimulation, renin secretion or salt and water retention.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atenolol ; hypertension ; plasma renin activity ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamic effects
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To show whether repeated administration of atenolol for several days would influence its pharmacokinetic parameters and the extent and duration of the pharmacologic responses, the plasma level of atenolol and changes in heart rate, blood pressure and plasma renin activity were measured in 12 hypertensive patients at various times of day (9 a. m., 12 noon, 3 p. m. and 7 p. m.) after oral administration of the first dose of atenolol 100 mg, again during the 7th and 14th days of continued once-daily administration of the same dose, and finally during the three days following withdrawal of the drug. The peak plasma concentration of atenolol (about 600 ng/ml) was found 3 h after administration of the first dose, and measurable amounts (50–70 ng/ml) were found after 24 h. None of the pharmacokinetic characteristics were changed by administration of a single daily dose for two weeks. After withdrawal of the drug, detectable amounts of atenolol were found in plasma for at least 48 h. The first dose of atenolol caused prompt (3 h) and prolonged (up to 24 h) lowering of supine and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressures, slowing of supine and standing heart rate, reduction of the blood pressure and heart rate responses to dynamic exercise, and a decrease in plasma renin activity. The extent and time-course of all these responses were not influenced by repeated once-daily administration of the 100 mg dose for two weeks. Most of the effects continued during the withdrawal days, the lowering of blood pressure being somewhat more prolonged than the slowing of heart rate. It is concluded that a once-daily dose of atenolol 100 mg decreases blood pressure and heart rate throughout the following 24 h, without excessive daily fluctuation in its effects, and without signs of tolerance or accumulation.
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  • 35
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 239-241 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: timolol ; hypertension ; dose ranging ; double-blind trial
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nine previously untreated patients with mild-moderate hypertension were included in a dose-ranging double-blind trial to determine the effectiveness of daily versus thrice daily timolol administration. In 8 patients control of blood pressure was equally effective though with significantly lower heart rate achieved in the once daily group. One patient was not satisfactorily controlled on the daily regimen demonstrating that many but not all hypertensives can be controlled with daily administration of timolol.
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  • 36
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 391-394 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: propranolol ; hypertension ; beta-adrenergic blockade ; exercise heart rate ; pharmacokinetics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of propranolol in 16 hypertensive patients was compared after the first oral dose of 80 mg and during chronic treatment with 80 mg bd. The degree of beta-adrenergic blockade was estimated by the reduction in maximal exercise heart rate. No significant change in plasma half-life occurred and there was no correlation between the mean steady-state propranolol concentration and beta-adrenergic blockade or antihypertensive effect. A linear relationship was observed between the decrease in blood pressure and the reduction in heart rate during maximal exercise. Therefore, the antihypertensive effect of propranolol can be explained by its peripheral beta-adrenergic blocking properties.
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  • 37
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 329-332 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: reserpine ; hydrochlorothiazide ; pituitary hormones ; gonadal hormones ; hypertension ; serum concentration ; antihypertensive therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sex histories and serum samples were obtained from 27 hypertensive men before and after 3 months of therapy with either 100 mg of hydrochlorothiazide or 0.25 mg of reserpine daily. Sera were analyzed for testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone and prolactin. Both drugs effectively lowered blood pressure. The incidence of impaired sexual performance was low and insignificantly different in the two treatment groups. There were no significant changes in serum hormone concentrations as a result of drug therapy.
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  • 38
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 409-413 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: penbutolol ; hypertension ; propranolol ; double-blind crossover comparison ; blood pressure ; heart rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Penbutolol is a potent long-acting non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker with partial agonist activity. A double-blind cross-over comparison of penbutolol given in a single daily dose and propranolol given twice daily in the treatment of ambulant patients with moderate hypertension is described. Fourteen patients completed the study and were treated with each drug for 12 weeks. Penbutolol in daily doses of 20–120 mg and propranolol in daily doses of 80–400 mg produced similar significant reductions in both supine and erect blood pressure. Penbutolol did not reduce heart rate to the same extent as propranolol, in equivalent doses. Penbutolol appears to produce adequate control of moderate hypertension when administered once a day, and this effect appears to be equivalent to divided doses of propranolol. No serious adverse effects were reported, although one patient receiving penbutolol experienced severe eye pains at a dose of 40 mg which resolved on crossing over to treatment with propranolol.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: papaverine ; propranolol ; pindolol ; hypertension ; isoprenaline ; haemodynamic effects ; blood pressure
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of two β-adrenoceptor antagonists, propranolol and pindolol, on the haemodynamic effects of papaverine, isoprenaline and noradrenaline was investigated in 9 male patients with first degree essential hypertension. Propranolol and pindolol were given according to a doubleblind, crossover scheme. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured before and after each treatment. Propranolol 670 µg/kg i. v. reduced the supine and standing systolic blood pressures by 2.3% and 1.6%, respectively. Similarly, the intravenous administration of pindolol 35 µg/kg reduced supine and standing systolic blood pressure by 5.5% and 8.3% respectively (clinically insignificant). Neither drug affected diastolic blood pressure. Following propranolol, there were moderate reductions in supine and standing heart rates, respectively by 24% and 20% (p〈0.001). Similarly, but to a lesser extent, pindolol reduced supine and standing heart rate by 12% and 17% (p〈0.001). The effects of papaverine, which, at 1.5 mg/kg i. v. reduced systolic blood pressure by 5–10% and increased heart rate by 8–15%, were not significantly influenced by the β-blockers. The blood pressure and heart rate responses to isoprenaline, on the other hand, were attenuated or inhibited by both β-blockers. While the β-blockers inhibited the β-adrenoceptor component of noradrenaline, the pressor component of noradrenaline, which is mediated through the α-adrenoceptors, was not influenced by propranolol, but was inhibited after pindolol. It is concluded that pindolol differs qualitatively from propranolol in that it inhibited both the α-and β-adrenoceptor effects of noradrenaline.
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  • 40
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 321-328 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoprolol ; hypertension ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma renin ; blood pressure effects
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven patients were treated for essential hypertension with metoprolol (Selokén®) for more than three months. The time course of changes in blood pressure, pulse rate and plasma renin activity was studied during treatment with an oral maintenance dose of 100 mg twice daily. Significant decreases in pulse rate, diastolic blood pressure and plasma renin activity were observed even after the first dose. The plasma concentration of metoprolol reached equilibrium after the second dose. After the third dose there was no further significant change in blood pressure. There was a significant correlation (p〈0.001) between the initial (after three doses) and final (after 〉90days) effect of metoprolol on blood pressure (r=0.86 and 0.91 for systolic and diastolic blood pressure change, respectively).
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  • 41
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 161-164 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nifedipine ; hypertension ; blood pressure ; heart rate ; plasma renin activity ; aldosterone ; clinical trial
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The magnitude and duration of the antihypertensive effect of nifedipine were studied in 7 cases of moderate essential hypertension. In a double-blind crossover study, nifedipine 10 mg or a placebo were administered sublingually 4 times a day for 2 days, and the results were compared. Each dose of nifedipine reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 14% both in the supine and upright positions. The antihypertensive action lasted for about 3 h and it was not cumulative. The reduction in blood pressure was associated with a temporary increase in heart rate. Administration of nifedipine 10 mg did not significantly raise plasma renin activity or plasma aldosterone. The drug was well tolerated and no side effects were detected.
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  • 42
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 333-337 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atenolol ; chlorthalidone ; hypertension ; chronic treatment ; co-administration ; plasma half-life ; urine half-life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of atenolol with and without the co-administration of chlorthalidone were studied in five hypertensive subjects. Concomitant administration of chlorthalidone appears to have little if any effect on the pharmacokinetics of atenolol during treatment for 7 days. The atenolol elimination half-lives were 6.7±1.1 and 6.3±0.9 h, respectively, with and without chlorthalidone. Two healthy volunteers also received a single 50 mg oral dose of chlorthalidone. Their blood profiles and pharmacokinetics were similar to those observed in hypertensive subjects, but a statistically significant difference (p〈0.01) was found between the urinary excretion half-lives of chlorthalidone. This difference may be because chronic administration of the drug caused saturation of red cell binding.
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  • 43
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 90 (1980), S. 1082-1085 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: hypertension ; adrenalectomy ; fat cells ; isoproterenol
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  • 44
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 300 (1980), S. 18-21 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Selen in Biolog. Material ; Spektralphotometrie ; Atomabsorption ; Hydridverfahren ; Systemat. Fehler
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vier biologische Standardreferenz-substanzen (NBS und IAEA) werden mit zwei unterschiedlichen Aufschlußmethoden, einem Naßaufschluß mit einem HNO3/HClO3/HClO4-Gemisch nach optimiertem Temperatur-Zeit-Programm sowie einer Verbrennungsmethode im Sauerstoffstrom (Trace-O-Mat), mineralisiert und die Selengehalte der Aufschlußlösungen nach der Hydrid-AAS-Methode bestimmt. Dabei treten gegenüber den zertifizierten Selengehalten mit zunehmender Einwaage Minusbefunde auf, die — von den Aufschlußmethoden unabhängig — auf sich addierende Querstörungen durch Begleitelemente im μg/g-Bereich bei der Selenhydridbildung zurückzuführen sind, wie bereits an anderer Stelle [3] beschrieben wurde.
    Notes: Summary Four biological standard-reference materials (NBS and IAEA) were mineralized with two independent decomposition methods — a wet decomposition with a mixture of HNO3/HClO3/HClO4 using an optimized temperature-time programme, and a combustion method in an oxygen stream (Trace-O-Mat). The selenium contents of the decomposition solutions were determined by the hydride-AAS method. The selenium concentrations were in agreement with the certified values at low sample weights, but decreased as the sample weights were increased. This effect is independent of the decomposition method, but is caused by interferences of concomitant elements in the μg/g-range with the formation of selenium hydride, as has been previously discussed [3].
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 300 (1980), S. 48-48 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Benzophenon in Harn ; Spektralphotometrie ; UV
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  • 46
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301 (1980), S. 17-19 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kohlenhydraten in Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie ; AutoAnalyzer, Meerwasser, Tryptophan-Schwefelsäure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The recommended method is based on the l-tryptophane/sulphuric acid reaction and has been adapted for a continuous flow system with the Technicon AutoAnalyzer. A supplementary run (cold run) is required with more than 10μmol/l of nitrate. The presence of acetone or formaldehyde must be avoided. Total carbohydrates can be determined by this method within the range of 0.02–5mg/l. The relative coefficient of variation at the 1 mg/l level is 0.25 % (glucose).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die empfohlene Methode basiert auf der l-Tryptophan-Schwefelsäure-Reaktion und wurde dem Durchflußsystem des Technicon AutoAnalyzers angepaßt. Bei einem Nitratgehalt von mehr als 10μmol/l ist zur Feststellung einer Korrektur ein zusätzlicher »kalter« Durchlauf notwendig. Aceton oder Formaldehyd dürfen nicht anwesend sein. Die Bestimmung kann im Bereich von 0.02–5 mg/l erfolgen und weist einen relativen Variationskoeffizienten von 0.25 % bei 1 mg/l auf (Glucose).
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301 (1980), S. 26-27 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kobalt ; Spektralphotometrie ; Solochromrot B, ppb.
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  • 48
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 300 (1980), S. 273-276 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Sulfat in Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie ; Durchflußsysteme, Methodenvergleich
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Sulphate was determined in various kinds of environmental samples using a continuous-flow system, a flow-injection system or a flow-through titrimeter. The reagents in the three cases consisted basically of DMSA(III), KNO3 and Ba(ClO4)2. The results of the three methods were evaluated statistically. A comparison of the three methods is given. The advantage of the DSMA(III)-methods is shown in a comparison with the commonly used thorin method.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Bestimmung von Sulfat in unterschiedlichen Umweltwasserproben wurde mit drei verschiedenen Systemen vorgenommen: mit continuous-flow und flow-injection Durchflußsystemen und mit einem Durchflußtitrimeter. Die Reagentien bei den drei Bestimmungen waren DMSA(III), KNO3 und Ba(ClO4)2. Die Ergebnisse wurden statistisch ausgewertet und die Methoden miteinander verglichen. Die DMSA(III)-Verfahren sind der weit verbreiteten Thorin-Methode vorzuziehen.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 90 (1980), S. 1510-1513 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: adaptation ; hemorrhage ; hypotension ; hypertension ; reinfusion
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301 (1980), S. 169-170 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Amylase in Blutserum, Harn ; Spektralphotometrie ; Amylase-Isozyme auf Gelplatten
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  • 51
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Bor in Silicaten ; Spektralphotometrie ; Stellungnahme
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Wasser in Pyridin, Dimethylsulfoxid, N,N-Dimethylformamid mit Isothiocyanatodioxotolyldihy-drobenzisochinolin ; Spektralphotometrie
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  • 53
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301 (1980), S. 28-29 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Bromid in Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie ; Chloramin T, Fluorescein
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  • 54
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 304 (1980), S. 382-384 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Chrom ; Spektralphotometrie ; Peroxopyridylazoresorcin-Komplex
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The ternary complex chromium-peroxo-PAR exhibits an apparent molar absorptivity of 6280 l mol−1 cm−1 when extracted into ethyl acetate from 0.1 M sulfuric acid solution. Beer's law is followed for solutions containing up to 6.0 μg Cr ml−1. Conditions for optimum color formation, complex composition, effects of diverse ions, and application to the determination of chromium in steels are described.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der ternäre Chrom-Peroxo-PAR-Komplex weist einen scheinbaren molaren Extinktionskoeffizienten von 6280 l · mol−1 · cm−1 auf, wenn er aus 0,1 M schwefelsaurer Lösung mit Ethylacetat extrahiert wird. Das Beersche Gesetz wird bis zu 6,0 μg Cr/ml befolgt. Die Bedingungen für eine optimale Farbbildung, die Zusammensetzung des Komplexes, die Wirkung verschiedener Begleitionen und die Anwendung auf Stähle werden beschrieben.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301 (1980), S. 167-168 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Lipase, Amylase in Blutplasma ; Spektralphotometrie ; kontinuierl. Plasmagew ; Polybren ; in vivo
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301 (1980), S. 436-436 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Bor in Silicaten ; Spektralphotometrie ; Stellungnahme
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 304 (1980), S. 405-406 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Nitrit in Blut ; Spektralphotometrie ; Azofarbstoff, Extraktion
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The sensitivity of the hitherto known determinations of nitrite by formation of azo dyes and photometric measurement in aqueous solution is limited by the concentration of nitrite. In the method described here the azo compound formed is extracted into toluene and trichloroacetic acid is added to the extract. Immediately after addition of the latter the colour intensity reaches its maximum and is measured at 560 nm. In this way the sensitivity is made independent of the nitrite concentration in the aqueous solution and is limited only by the sample volume available.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Bildung von Azofarbstoffen als spezifischer Nachweis für Nitrit ist in zahlreichen colorimetrischen Methoden beschrieben worden. Da die Bestimmung der Extinktion der Farbstoffe in wäßriger Lösung erfolgte, war die Empfindlichkeit der Methoden durch die Nitritkonzentration begrenzt. Bei der hier beschriebenen Methode wird die gebildete Azoverbindung mit Toluol extrahiert und der Extrakt mit Trichloressigsäure versetzt. Es bildet sich ein Farbstoff, der unmittelbar nach Zugabe der Trichloressigsäure maximale Farbintensität erreicht und dessen Absorption im Maximum bei 560 nm gemessen wird. Durch die Extraktion der nitritäquivalenten Azoverbindung in Toluol wird die Empfindlichkeit dieser Methode unabhängig von der Nitritkonzentration in der wäßrigen Lösung und wird nur noch durch das zur Verfügung stehende Volumen der Probenlösung begrenzt.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 302 (1980), S. 127-128 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Amyloglucosidase ; Spektralphotometrie ; Kinet. Methode
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch Einwirkung der Amyloglucosidase auf 0,1 % Stärke wird Glucose freigesetzt. Die Geschwindigkeit der Glucosebildung ist ein Maß für die Enzymaktivität. Sie kann direkt im Meßansatz mittels Glucosedehydrogenase/NAD bei 340 nm verfolgt werden. Bei Verwendung einer Testpackung lassen sich etwa 15 Analysen/h mit einer Standardabweichung von 2–3% durchführen. Die Methode ist automatisierbar.
    Notes: Summary Amyloglucosidase acting on 0.1% starch solutions liberates glucose. The rate of glucose formation is a measure for the enzyme activity. It can be pursued continuously with the aid of glucose-dehydrogenase/NAD at 340 nm. Using a test set 15 analyses per hour may be performed with a standard deviation of 2–3%. The method may be automated.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 303 (1980), S. 28-28 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Uranoxid ; Spektralphotometrie ; nicht-stöchiometrisch, Verhältnis O/U
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 303 (1980), S. 374-377 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Zink, Cadmium ; Spektralphotometrie ; PAN, Einflu\ von Salzen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The influence of NaClO4, Na2SO4, NaCl, KBr, KI and KSCN on the extraction-spectrophotometric determination of zinc and cadmium with PAN reagent has been investigated. In the concentration range below 0.3 mole/l all the examined salts caused an increase of absorbance of the chloroform Zn-PAN and Cd-PAN extracts. This effect is due to an increased percentage of extraction of both metals. Higher concentrations of the salts (above 0.3 mole/l) did not influence the zinc determination. In case of cadmium the salts with complexing ions (NaCl, KBr, KI and KSCN) caused a decrease of absorbance. An undesirable influence of ethanol on the extraction of Zn and Cd has also been noted.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Einflu\ von NaClO4, Na2SO4, NaCl, KBr, KI und KSCN wurde untersucht. Im Konzentrationsbereich unter 0,3 Mol/l verursachen alle geprüften Salze eine Extinktionserhöhung der Chloroformextrakte von Zn-PAN und Cd-PAN, da beide Metalle verstÄrkt extrahiert werden. Durch höhere Salzkonzentration (〉 0,3 Mol/l) wird die Zinkbestimmung nicht beeinflu\t. Bei Cadmium verursachen Salze mit komplexierenden Ionen (NaCl, KBr, KI, KSCN) eine Extinktionsabnahme. Ein nachteiliger Einflu\ von Ethanol auf die Extraktion von Cd und Zn wurde ebenfalls festgestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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