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  • Articles  (8)
  • groundwater  (8)
  • Springer  (8)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2010-2014
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  • Articles  (8)
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  • Springer  (8)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Public Library of Science
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  • 2010-2014
  • 2000-2004  (8)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of groundwater flow in the Bailin hazardous waste-disposal site (Huesca, Spain) (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 40 (2000), S. 216-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Keywords contamination ; groundwater ; lindane ; waste disposal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  A serious problem in Spain is presented, where the water and soil were contaminated by lindane produced by the chemical industry, at a time when environmental legislation was limited, and the hydrogeological characterization of the low permeability materials was insufficient. The waste-disposal sites where the lindane accumulated lacked suitable sealing and also had notable filtration. The non-existence of a safe waste-disposal site, and the economic and social problems of transporting lindane residues forced the alternative proposal of confining these residues in situ (Government of Aragón, 1995, 1996). Once the surface sealing was carried out, the problem centred on the site's underground confinement. The purpose of this publication is to present the particular hydrogeological behaviour of materials, which were initially considered impermeable because of the presence of very consolidated sandstone beddings and the vertical disposition of the strata, and so allowed the lindane to escape through the groundwater. In addition, this publication describes the procedures carried out in order to achieve effective underground confinement at the waste-disposal site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540000154
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of Nitrate—Nitrogen Distribution in Kansas Groundwater, 1990–1998 (2000)
    Springer
    Natural resources research 9 (2000), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8981
    Keywords: Geographic area ; depth of well ; age of well ; groundwater ; nitrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate-N) in groundwater is a potential problem in many parts of Kansas.From 1990 to 1998, 747 water samples were collected from domestic, irrigation, monitoring,and public water supply wells primarily from the western two-thirds of the state, and analyzedfor nitrate-N by the Kansas Geological Survey. Nitrate-N concentrations of the 747 samplesanalyzed range from 29% with less than or equal to 3 mg/L, 51% between 3 and 10 mg/L,and 20% greater than or equal to 10 mg/L. Factors that show a statistically significantrelationship with the occurrence of nitrate-N in Kansas groundwater in this assessment includegeographic area of the state, depth of well, and age of well. Nitrate-N levels of wells screenedin the High Plains aquifer in south-central Kansas showed a statistically higher concentrationthan samples collected from the High Plains aquifer in the western portion of the state.Comparison of nitrate-N with depth of well indicated that shallower wells throughout the stategenerally have higher nitrate-N values than deeper wells. Irrigation wells older than 1975showed statistically higher nitrate-N concentration than wells installed during and since 1975,possibly related to changes in well-construction practices and regulations that occurred in 1975.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010143426576
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural Geological Weighing Lysimeters: Calibration Tools for Satellite and Ground Surface Gravity Monitoring of Subsurface Water-Mass Change (2000)
    Springer
    Natural resources research 9 (2000), S. 147-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8981
    Keywords: Gravity ; hydrology ; lysimeter ; GRACE ; aquifer ; groundwater ; storage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Increased accuracy in measuring temporal variations in the Earth's gravity field allow inprinciple the use of gravity observations to deduce subsurface water-mass changes. This canbe with respect to a small area, or as a larger spatial average of water mass change usinggravity observations from low-altitude satellites, such as the forthcoming GRACE mission.At both scales, there is a need to validate gravity-based estimates against field recordings ofactual subsurface water-mass variations. In practice, this could prove difficult because thespatial integral of all water-storage change components can be subject to considerable fieldmeasurement error. An alternative approach to the validation process is proposed by whichsuitable geological formations are utilized as giant weighing devices to directly measure area-integratedwater-mass changes. The existence of such “natural geological weighing lysimeters”is demonstrated using observations from a replicated experimental site in New Zealand. Sitesof this type could be used to verify water-storage change estimates derived from sensitiveground surface gravity instrumentation. In addition, geological lysimeters could be used tomake local checks on the accuracy of any estimated regional water-mass time series, whichis proposed for satellite calibration. The land area “weighed” by a geological lysimeter increaseswith formation depth and it is speculated that recordings made at oil well depth may allowdirect monitoring of subsurface water mass changes at the regional scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010147527484
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short Note: Effective Hydraulic Conductivity and Transmissivity for Heterogeneous Aquifers (2000)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 32 (2000), S. 751-759 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: groundwater ; upscaling ; effective hydraulic conductivity ; transmissivity ; stochastic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Regional scale models of groundwater flow and transport often employ domain discretizations with grid blocks larger than typical scales of field data. For heterogeneous formations, this difference in scales is often handled by using effective (upscaled) parameters. We investigate the problem of upscaling hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity from a small scale of measurement to a larger scale of grid blocks. Transmissivity statistics is expressed in terms of statistics of hydraulic conductivity, and expressions for the effective (upscaled) hydraulic conductivity K eff and transmissivity T eff for steady state flow in confined heterogeneous aquifers are derived by means of stochastic averaging and perturbation analysis. These expressions reveal that the commonly used relation T eff = BK eff, where B is the confined aquifer thickness, is not generally valid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007546607242
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subsurface denitrification in a forest riparianzone: Interactions between hydrology and supplies ofnitrate and organic carbon (2000)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 51 (2000), S. 193-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: denitrification ; groundwater ; nitrate ; organic carbon ; riparian zone ; sand aquifer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The influence of hydrology andpatterns of supply of electron donors and acceptors onsubsurface denitrification was studied in a forestriparian zone along the Boyne River in southernOntario that received high nitrogen inputs from a sandaquifer. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) subsurfacedenitrification is restricted to localized zones ofhigh activity; (2) denitrification zones occur atsites where groundwater flow paths transportNO3 − to supplies of available organiccarbon. A plume of nitrate-rich groundwater withconcentrations of 10–30 mg N L−1 flowed laterallyat depths of 1.5–5 m in sands beneath peat for ahorizontal distance of 100–140 m across the riparianzone to within 30–50 m of the river. In situ acetyleneinjections to piezometers revealed that significantdenitrification was restricted to a narrow zone ofsteep NO3 − and N2O decline at theplume margins. The location of these denitrificationsites in areas with steep gradients of groundwater DOCincrease supported hypothesis 2. Many of thesedenitrification “hotspots” occurred near interfacesbetween sands and either peats or buried river channeldeposits. Field experiments involving in situadditions of either glucose or NO3 − topiezometers indicated that denitrification wasC-limited in a large subsurface area of the riparianzone, and became N-limited beyond the narrow zone ofNO3 − consumption. These data suggest thatdenitrification may not effectively removeNO3 − from groundwater transported at depththrough permeable riparian sediments unlessinteraction occurs with localized supplies of organicmatter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006476514038
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variability of dissolved organic carbon ina Mediterranean stream (2000)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 51 (2000), S. 303-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ; groundwater ; hyporheic zone ; storms ; baseflow ; Mediterranean stream
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The seasonal variability of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) flux in a Mediterranean stream subjected todischarges of wide range of intensities and variabledry period was studied as a function of the hydrologicconditions, and the relationship between surface andsubsurface (hyporheic and groundwater) DOCconcentration. DOC concentration in stream water(2.6 mg l−1 ±1.5 SD) was higher thangroundwater (1.3 mg l−1 ± 1.2 SD) and lower thanhyporheic water (3.8 mg l−1 ±1.7 SD),suggesting that, at baseflow, stream DOC concentrationincreases when groundwater discharges through thehyporheic zone. Storms contributed to 39% of annualwater export and to 52% of the total annual DOCexport (220 kg km−2). A positive relationship wasobserved between Discharge (Q) and stream DOCconcentration. Discharge explained only 40% of theannual variance in stream DOC, but explained up to93% of the variance within floods. The rate of streamDOC changes with discharge change during storms (dDOC/dQ), ranged between 0 and 0.0045 C mgl−1 s l−1, with minimum values during Springand Summer, and maxima values in Fall and Winter.These dynamics suggest that storm inputs ofterrigenous DOC vary between seasons. During floods inthe dormant season, DOC recession curves were alwayssteeper than discharge decline, suggesting shortflushing of DOC from the leaching of fresh detritusstored in the riparian zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006420229411
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arsenic and other toxic elemental contamination of groundwater, surface water and soil in Bangladesh and its possible effects on human health (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geochemistry and health 22 (2000), S. 33-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2983
    Keywords: Arsenic ; Bangladesh ; groundwater ; soil ; surface water ; toxic elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The problems of contamination caused by arsenic (As) and other toxic metals in groundwater, surface water and soils in the Bengal basin of Bangladesh have been studied. Altogether 10 groundwater, seven surface water and 31 soil samples were collected from arsenic-affected areas and analysed chemically. The geologic and anthropogenic sources of As and other toxic metals are discussed in this paper. The chemical results show that the mean As concentrations in groundwater in the Char Ruppur (0.253 mg As L−1), Rajarampur (1.955 mg As L−1) and Shamta areas (0.996 mg As L−1) greatly exceed the WHO recommended value, which is 0.01 mg As L−1. The concentrations of As in groundwater are very high compared to those in surface water and in surface soil in the three (As-affected) areas studied. This indicates that the source of As in groundwater could be bedrock. The relatively high concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in surface water, compared to world typical value, are due to the solubility of metal ions, organometalic complexes, coprecipitation or co-existance with the colloidal clay fraction. In the soil, the elevated concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn are due to their strong affinity to organic matter, hydrous oxides of Fe and Mn, and clay minerals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006787405626
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of the Subsurface Temperature Field Caused by Mining-Related Groundwater Management (2000)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 44 (2000), S. 442-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Keywords: temperature ; groundwater ; sedimentary basin ; exploitation ; transient effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The subsurface temperature field was studied on a set of 46 borehole logs measured in the vicinity of uranium deposits in the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. Vertical variations of the steady state temperature and the temperature gradient are governed by thermal conductivity which strongly varies in dependence on lithology. Large departures from undisturbed temperature detected in many holes are associated with uranium mining. A positive anomaly is observed in leaching fields where large amounts of acid are injected into the uranium-bearing Cenomanian. A negative anomaly is linked to the operation of hydraulic barriers which enclose the mining area and helps to contain pollution by pumping clean water into the Cenomanian aquifer. The spatial distribution of the observed temperature anomalies helps to map the migration of the fluids used in both processes. The temperature disturbance is propagated from the Cenomanian aquifer up through overlying impermeable sediments. The good fit of transient conductive models to the measured temperatures rules out heat advection and hence upward water flow towards and contamination of the upper Middle Turonian aquifer in the vicinity of the holes studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022168705973
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