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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (2,290)
  • Chemical Engineering  (1,166)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3,456)
  • 1990-1994  (2,129)
  • 1980-1984  (1,327)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1992  (2,129)
  • 1980  (1,327)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3,456)
Years
  • 1990-1994  (2,129)
  • 1980-1984  (1,327)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiplicity features of adiabatic autothermal reactors (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 101-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Singularity theory, large activation energy asymptotics, and numerical methods are used to present a comprehensive study of the steady-state multiplicity features of three classical adiabatic autothermal reactor models: tubular reactor with internal heat exchange, tubular reactor with external heat exchange, and the CSTR with external heat exchange. Specifically, we derive the exact uniqueness-multiplicity boundary, determine typical cross-sections of the bifurcation set, and classify the different types of bifurcation diagrams of conversion vs. residence time. Asymptotic (limiting) models are used to determine analytical expressions for the uniqueness boundary and the ignition and extinction points. The analytical results are used to present simple, explicit and accurate expressions defining the boundary of the region of autothermal operation in the physical parameter space.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380111
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  • 102
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    Metals sorption by chelating polymers: A unique role of ionic strength (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 153-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380116
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  • 103
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    Errata (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 318-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380224
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  • 104
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    Kinetics of phenol oxidation in supercritical water (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aqueous solutions of phenol were oxidized in a flow reactor at temperatures between 300 and 420°C (0.89 ≤ Tr ≤ 1.07) and pressures from 188 to 278 atm (0.86 ≤ Pr ≤ 1.27). These conditions included oxidations in both near-critical and supercritical water. Reactor residence times ranged from 1.2 to 111 s. The initial phenol concentrations were between 50 and 330 ppm by mass, and the initial oxygen concentrations ranged from 0 to 1,100% excess. The oxidation experiments covered essentially the entire range of phenol conversions. Analysis of the kinetics data for phenol disappearance using a combination of the integral method and the method of excess revealed that the reaction was first order in phenol and 1/2 order in oxygen, and influenced by pressure. The global reaction order for water was taken to be nonzero, and the global rate constant was assumed to be independent of pressure so that the only effect of pressure was to alter the water concentration and hence the reaction rate. This approach led to a global reaction rate law that was 0.7 order in water and had a rate constant with an activation energy of 12.4 kcal/mol. The implications of these rate laws to the design of a commercial supercritical water oxidation reactor are also explored.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380302
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  • 105
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    Coking and activity of porous catalysts in supercritical reaction media (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1027-1037 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model is presented to describe coking and activity characteristics of porous catalysts in supercritical reaction mixtures. These characteristics are determined by the way in which temperature and pressure affect the simultaneous physicochemical rate processes involving the effective diffusion of reactants in the pore, coke formation, and coke extraction. For a parallel coking reaction, the model predicts that when the reaction mixture density is isothermally increased from subcritical to low-to-moderate values, the ensuing higher reaction rates and restricted diffusion lead to pore-mouth plugging and decreased catalyst effectiveness factors. At dense supercritical conditions, however, the enhanced coke solubilities in the reaction mixture alleviate pore-mouth restrictions, resulting in a recovery of catalyst activity and increased effectiveness factors. The model predicts an optimum supercritical density at which catalyst activity is maintained at a maximum value. At smaller than optimum density values, the reaction rate is limited by coke extraction and at larger than optimum values, the rate is subject to pore diffusion limitations. These predictions are qualitatively consistent with reported experimental observations.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380706
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  • 106
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    Numerical calculation of wall-to-bed heat-transfer coefficients in gas-fluidized beds (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1079-1091 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A computer model for a hot gas-fluidized bed has been developed. The theoretical description is based on a two-fluid model (TFM) approach in which both phases are considered to be continuous and fully interpenetrating. Local wall-to-bed heat-transfer coefficients have been calculated by the simultaneous solution of the TFM conservation of mass, momentum and thermal energy equations. Preliminary calculations suggest that the experimentally observed large wall-to-bed heat-transfer coefficients, frequently reported in literature, can be computed from the present hydrodynamic model with no turbulence. This implies that there is no need to explain these high transfer rates by additional heat transport mechanisms (by turbulence).The calculations clearly show the enhancement of the wall-to-bed heat-transfer process due to the bubble-induced bed-material refreshment along the heated wall. By providing detailed information on the local behavior of the wall-to-bed heat-transfer coefficients, the model distinguishes itself advantageously from previous theoretical models. Due to the vigorous solids circulation in the bubble wake, the local wall-to-bed heat-transfer coefficient is relatively large in the wake of the bubbles rising along a heated wall.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380711
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  • 107
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    Development of the cluster-size distribution in flowing suspensions (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1129-1134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380715
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  • 108
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    Masthead (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380801
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  • 109
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    Adaptive control of photolithography (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Adaptive control techniques, with their capability for providing satisfactory control even when the process changes with time, are promising candidates for dealing with common problems encountered in photolithography processing such as batch-to-batch variations in resist properties and inconsistencies in resist curing. In this article, an adaptive control strategy for the photolithography process is proposed and evaluated. The design utilizes a reduced-order lithography model, an on-line parameter estimator, and a nonlinear model-inversion controller.The width of the printed resist lines, a crucial output of photolithography, is controlled by automatically adjusting the exposure energy. In the calculation of the appropriate exposure adjustment, the controller uses both measured critical-dimensions as well as estimated values produced by the process model. The control system is capable of tracking changes in the photolithography process by automatic updating of key model parameters as the process evolves in time. Simulation studies of the closed-loop adaptive control strategy, using the PROLITH simulation package to represent the lithography process, demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380102
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  • 110
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    Circulation and scale-up in bubble columns (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 76-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The liquid circulation model of Rice and Geary (1990) is extended to include turbulence originating at the wall. Thus, two possible length scales are considered: one originating from rising bubbles and the other emanating from the wall. The appropriate scale for small columns should be based on bubble size, while for larger systems the proper mixing length is proportional to column diameter. It is proposed that the film Reynolds number may be the key in distinguishing the two cases.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380108
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  • 111
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    Multiplicity features of nonadiabatic, autothermal tubular reactors (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 116-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Singularity theory is combined with asymptotic analysis to determine the exact uniqueness-multiplicity boundary and ignition and extinction locus for the non-adiabatic, autothermal tubular reactor model. It is found that the steady-state behavior of the nonadiabatic reactor is described by the two limiting cases of adiabatic and strongly cooled models. The adiabatic case has been examined in a previous study. Here, we develop limiting models to describe the strongly cooled asymptotes. We also classify the different types of bifurcation diagrams of conversion vs. residence time using the results of singularity theory with a distinguished parameter. Analytical criteria are developed for predicting the conditions under which autothermal operation is feasible when heat losses are significant.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380112
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  • 112
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    Effect of micellar life-time on the bubble dynamics in sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 149-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380115
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  • 113
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    Masthead (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380201
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  • 114
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    Adequacy of lumped parameter models for SCR reactors with monolith structure (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 201-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two-and one-dimensional steady-state isothermal mathematical models of monolith reactors for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by NH3 are compared for circular, square and triangular geometry, as well as for linear and Rideal kinetics. Solutions for the two-dimensional model demonstrate that, as the reaction rate decreases from infinity to zero, the Sherwood number varies from the values of the Nusselt number characteristic of the Graetz-Nusselt problem with constant wall temperature to those with constant wall heat flux but with peripherally varying temperature. A lumped-parameter treatment, based on similarity with the constant wall temperature heat transfer problem, agrees satisfactorily with the solutions for a far more expensive two-dimensional model. The agreement is excellent for square channels, but the NH3 slip tends to be underestimated in the triangular geometry. The one-dimensional model reproduces successfully experimental effects of the NH3/NO feed ratio, and of the area velocity and the size of monolith channels.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380205
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  • 115
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    Investigation of amorphous oxide film-electrolyte junctions by AC techniques (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Current AC (alternating current) techniques are used often to characterize the energetics at a semiconducting solid phase/electrolyte interface. For thin layers having a strongly disordered or amorphous structure (such as oxide-passive layers anodically grown on valve metals), interpretative models currently used for crystalline semiconductors may produce misleading data.A new interpretation of the admittance data, based on recent models for amorphous semiconductors (a-Sc) Schottky barriers, is presented for passive films of Nb, W and Ti. The physical bases of the model are presented as well as its advantages and disadvantages. The new theory views the solid/electrolyte interface more satisfactorily and provides information on the solid-state properties and the electronic structure of the electrode useful for interpreting the electron exchange between the solid phase and redox couples in solution.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380207
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  • 116
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    Nonminimum-phase compensation for nonlinear processes (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 26-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The design of controllers for nonlinear, nonminimum-phase processes is one of the most difficult control problems currently faced. Current available control algorithms for nonlinear processes rely implicitly or explicitly on an inverse of the process. Linear control methods for nonminimum-phase processes are based on a decomposition of the process into a minimum-phase and a nonminimum-phase part. Such a decomposition is an open problem for nonlinear systems.In this work, a control structure called the minimum-phase output predictor for nonlinear, nonminimum-phase processes is developed. The structure is based on the notion of statically equivalent outputs; a minimum-phase, statically equivalent output is estimated on-line and then an available nonlinear control algorithm is used to control it to set point. The advantage of the proposed formulation is that it is based on the calculation of an output function, not on a decomposition of the process dynamics. The proposed control methodology is applied and its performance is evaluated for a chemical engineering example.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380104
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  • 117
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    Automatic verification of sequential control systems using temporal logic (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 67-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Clarke et al. (1986) have developed a model-based verification method and have applied it to validation of VLSI circuits. We have used the method to test automatically the safety and operability of discrete chemical process control systems. The technique involves: (1) a “system model” describing the process and its software; (2) “assertions” in temporal logic expressing user-supplied questions about the system behavior with respect to safety and operability; and (3) a “model checker” that determines if the system model satisfies each of the assertions and provides a counterexample to locate the error if one exists. Temporal logic is used for reasoning about occurrence of events over time. To reveal discrete event errors, we have applied the verification method to a simple combustion system and an alarm acknowledge system.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380107
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  • 118
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    Composite membranes for fuel-cell applications (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the major obstacles to overcome for the realization of economical hydrogen-oxygen, polymer-electrolyte fuel cells is the high capital cost of the inert perfluorosulfonic acid (PSA) membranes, which provide a pathway for ionic transport between the cell electrodes. It has recently been shown that composite polymer membranes can be synthesized by depositing PSA polymers onto porous poly(tetrafluoroethyene) (PTFE) substrates. The resulting membranes are mechanically durable and quite thin relative to traditional PSA membranes; we expect the composite membranes to be of low resistance and cost. In this experimental study, we examine the composite membrane properties as a function of the membrane composition. Our results allow us to form a conceptual model to explain both the equilibrium and transport characteristics of these materials. For high PSA contents, the membrane behavior is similar to that of the PSA polymer; the water permeability, however, is reduced significantly. For intermediate PSA contents, the membranes have a high porosity and match the thickness of the PTFE substrate (≈50 μm); membranes of this composition range are potentially useful candidates for fuel cells because of their high resistance to water transport and reduced ionic resistance. Composite membranes of very low PSA content demonstrate characteristics similar to the hydrophobic PTFE substrate and are not of interest for fuel cells.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380110
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  • 119
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    Errata (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 479-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380320
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  • 120
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    Spin coating of colloidal suspensions (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 489-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The coupled, unsteady Navier-Stokes, convective diffusion, and thermal energy equations that describe spin coating of colloidal suspensions are solved numerically. The theoretical model, absent of any adjustable parameters, is used to explore the effects of angular velocity, initial solvent weight fraction, solvent properties and spin coating protocol on the evolution of temperature and concentration profiles in the liquid film during spin coating. The predicted coated film thickness is found to be in excellent quantitative agreement with spin coating experiments performed with both hard-sphere and nonhard-sphere suspensions of monodisperse latex particles in water. The coated film thickness, determined by ellipsometry, is shown to depend on the inverse square root of the angular velocity except at high ionic strength when the dependence on angular velocity is weaker. Timescales that characterize spin coating of colloidal suspensions are shown to be quite different from those that characterize spin coating of polymer solutions, and consequently simple models for predicting the coated film thickness of polymer solutions (Bornside et al., 1991; Lawrence, 1989) are shown to be inadequate for colloidal suspensions. Rapid substrate acceleration, high rotation rates, partial saturation of the overlying gas phase, and high initial solids concentration are identified as spin coating protocols that suppress a convective instability that produces radial striations in the coated film.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380403
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  • 121
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    Modeling of isotropic reacting turbulence by a hybrid mapping-EDQNM closure (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 535-543 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A hybrid model is developed and implemented for predicting the limiting bound of the reactant conversion rate in an isotropic turbulent flow under the influence of a reaction of the type A + B Products. This model is based on the amplitude mapping closure of Kraichnan for the molecular mixing of a stochastically distributed scalar, and the eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian (EDQNM) spectral closure for the two-point scalar covariance. The results predicted by this model compare well with available experimental data in both gaseous and aqueous plug-flow reactors, but point to the need for more detailed measurements in future experimental studies. With the implementation of the mapping closure, a simple analytical expression is obtained for the decay rate of the unmixedness. This expression is very convenient and is recommended for direct practical applications in the modeling and design of plug-flow reactors.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380407
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  • 122
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    Catalyst sintering in fixed-bed reactors: Deactivation rate and thermal history (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental study has been carried out of the in situ thermal degradation of a commercial dehydrogenation catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor. The activity of catalyst particles sampled at different reactor positions after several reaction-regeneration cycles has been related to their time-temperature history, according to the following kinetics: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ - da_0 /dt = 0.147{\rm exp}(- 73,600/RT)a_0^{2.2} $$\end{document}The above equation represents the loss of activity under coke-free conditions, that is, activity loss due to sintering. The results of the study show that important differences in catalytic activity can be obtained for different positions of a fixed-bed catalytic reactor after several operation-regeneration cycles.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380209
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  • 123
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    Experimental studies of restricted protein diffusion in an agarose matrix (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 259-272 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The diffusion of proteins in polymer matrices is an important step in the adsorptive and chromatographic processes used for protein purification, as it is often rate-limiting. Methods for the estimation of the intraparticle diffusivity in polymer gels have been developed and were applied to the diffusion of seven model proteins in agarose particles. The intraparticle diffusivity was not affected by particle diameter. A correlation based on the restricted diffusion model of Ogston et al. (1973) and Cukier (1984) has been proposed. This correlation allows the estimation of protein diffusivity in these matrices based on the molecular weight of the protein and the polymer concentration.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380212
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  • 124
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    Optimal catalyst activity profiles in pellets: 9. Study of ethylene epoxidation (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 291-296 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The concept of optimal catalyst activity distribution is studied experimentally for the ethylene epoxidation reaction network on a Ag/α-Al2O3 catalyst in a single-pellet reactor. The Dirac delta-type distribution of the catalyst is approximated by a step distribution of narrow width. For a fixed amount of silver, the influence of location and width of the catalytically active layer on the conversion of ethylene and on the selectivity and yield to ethylene oxide is investigated under oxygen-rich conditions in the temperature range 210-270°C. The results clearly demonstrate that for optimum selectivity and yield to ethylene oxide, the silver catalyst should be placed in a thin layer at the external surface of the pellet.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380215
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    Ions, electrodes and membranes. By J. Koryta, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2nd ed., 1992, $74.95 (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 315-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380220
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    Startup of an industrial adiabatic tubular reactor (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1871-1880 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamic behaviour of an adiabatic tubular plant reactor during the startup is demonstrated, together with the impact of a feed-pump failure of one of the reactants. A dynamic model of the reactor system is presented, and the system response is calculated as a function of experimentally-determined, time-dependent, manipulated variables. The values of model parameters are estimated by using the SimuSolv (1991) computer program. The data set collected during the reactor start-up is used for the parameter estimation procedure. An excellent agreement is obtained between the experimental and the calculated system response. Many continuously-operated commercial reactors require a complete conversion of one of the main reactants at the reactor exit. It is shown that for an industrial tubular reactor a much higher initial reactor temperature is required during the startup, compared to the reactor inlet temperature during normal steady-state operation, to ensure a complete reactant conversion. Much more research is necessary to determine whether this is a generally valid rule.
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    Flow of dilute gas-particle suspensions (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1913-1915 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A semi-empirical model of the radial segregation of solids in upward flow of dilute gas-particle suspensions in riser systems is presented on the basis of a reduced form of the fundamental two-phase flow governing equations and experimental evidence concerning the solids concentration at the wall. The following simple expression for the radial solids concentration profile is obtained: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \frac{{1 - {\rm \varepsilon }}}{{{\rm 1} - {\rm \varepsilon }}} = 2\left( {\frac{r}{R}} \right)^2 $$\end{document} and is in agreement with experimental data over a wide range of operating conditions: superficial gas velocity from 1.4 to 15.3 m/s, riser diameter from 0.032 to 0.40 m, imposed solids flux from 6.60 to 207 kg/m2·s, mean particle size from 32 to 120 μm and particle density from 1,000 to 3,500 kg/m3.The model confirms the existence of the core-annulus flow structure in gas-particle suspensions reported in riser reactors, circulating fluidized beds, and the freeboard of bubbling fluidized beds.
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    Growth processes in bioreactors with external sources of biomass: Application of structured, continuum models (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 835-846 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Batch, fed-batch, and single-stage CSTR bioreactors operate without external sources of biomass after they have been inoculated. However, other kinds of bioreactors, such as the second and subsequent reactors in a cascade of CSTRs, operate with continuous introduction of biomass from one or more external sources. The biomass in a bioreactor with an external source is not homogeneous with respect to past history of environmental conditions, and growth of this biomass is not balanced (steady-state) growth even when the bioreactor operates in steady state. So-called unstructured models of growth, which assume biomass to lack any internal structure or to have an invariant internal state, can give only a first approximation to the growth rate behavior of the biomass in a bioreactor with an external source of biomass. Structured models, which endow biomass with a changeable internal structure, are required to obtain more accurate predictions of growth rate behavior in such reactors. Introduction of structure is not sufficient for improved accuracy, however, and the fact that biomasses from different sources are remain segregated from one another must also be accounted for by any structured growth model used. This article presents, among others, the systems of different equations that result from application of the notions to the reactors of a cascade of CSTRs.
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    The curious behavior of homogeneous azeotropic distillation - implications for entrainer selection (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1309-1328 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We examine the simplest homogeneous azeotropic distillation sequence of industrial relevance, where an entrainer is added to a binary azeotrope to recover both azeotropic constituents as pure products. Despite its apparent simplicity, such distillation columns can exhibit an unusual behavior not observed in zeotropic distillation: For some mixtures, separation as a function of reflux goes through a maximum. At infinite reflux, no separation is achieved.In some cases, achieving the same specifications with a larger number of trays requires a larger reflux.Sometimes the only feasible separation yields the intermediate component as a pure distillate, while the bottom product contains the light and heavy components.Sometimes the only feasible separation yields the intermediate component as a pure bottom product while the distillate contains the light and heavy components.While these unusual features can be regarded as curiosities, they are essential for proper entrainer selection and design. For a minimum boiling azeotrope, the existing and conflicting entrainer selection rules state that one should use a component that introduces no distillation boundary between the azeotropic constituents (Doherty and Caldarola, 1985), and either a low or high boiling component that introduces no additional azeotrope or a component which introduces new minimum boiling azeotropes (Stichlmair et al., 1989). By taking advantage of the curious aforementioned features, as well as our experience involving more than 400 mixtures, we have been able to analyze the assumptions behind these criteria, show when those assumptions break down, and therefore understand the limitations of the criteria.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380902
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    Modeling of the sulfidation of zinc-titanium oxide sorbents with hydrogen sulfide (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1161-1169 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The overlapping grain model was used to describe the sulfidation of zinc oxide and zinc-titanium oxide powders at temperatures between 400-700°C in H2S-H2-N2 gas mixtures. Experimental data were collected under conditions free of mass-transfer and pore diffusion limitations. Thus, the only resistances to reaction were due to intrinsic sulfidation kinetics (surface reaction) and diffusion through the product layer. The product layer diffusion coefficient was used as a fitting parameter in the model. As the relative amount of titanium in the sorbent was increased, the product layer diffusion coefficient decreased. Similar activation energies (26.6 kcal/mol) were obtained for the product layer diffusion coefficient of ZnO and Zn-Ti-O sulfidation. From the similarity in activation energies, it is proposed that for both types of sorbents diffusion occurs primarily through ZnS.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380804
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    Theory of hydrogen bonding in supercritical fluids (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1243-1253 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The degree of hydrogen bonding and macroscopic thermodynamic properties for pure and mixed fluids are predicted with the hydrogen bonding lattice fluid (LFHB) equation of state over a wide range in density encompassing the gas, liquid and supercritical states. The model is successful for molecules forming complex self-associated networks, in this case pure methanol, ethanol, and water, and the mixture 1-hexanol-SF6. In supercritical water, significant hydrogen bonding is still present despite all the thermal energy and is highly pressure- and temperature-dependent. A fundamental description of pressure and temperature effects on hydrogen bonding is presented for a well-defined case, the formation of a complex between a donor and acceptor in an inert solvent, where no self-association is present. The partial molar enthalpy and volume change on complexation both become pronounced near the critical point, where the density is highly variable with temperature and pressure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380811
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    Comparison between dispersion and plug-flow models for fixed-bed enzyme reactors (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1477-1480 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380917
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    Errata (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1488-1488 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380920
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    Racemic leucine separation by hollow-fiber extraction (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1493-1498 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Racemic leucine can be separated into d- and l-isomers by fractional extraction across microporous hollow fibers. In this extraction, an aqueous solution of the racemate is fed to the lumen of the fibers, and an octanol solution of dodecyl-l-hydroxyproline flows countercurrently outside of the fibers. The interface between feed and extractant is stabilized by filling the pores in the hollow-fiber walls with a cross-linked polyvinylalcohol gel which offers negligible resistance to mass transfer. The extraction with dodecyl-l-hydroxyproline deliberately imitates earlier studies, facilitating comparisons of hollow-fiber extraction with other techniques. The results show that the isomer yield per equipment volume of racemic separation is 100 times greater than that in a continuously rotating extractor, and 1,000 times greater than that in a conventional packed tower.
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    Wrong-way behavior of packed-bed reactors: Influence of reactant adsorption on support (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1609-1617 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Wrong-way behavior refers to a large transient temperature increase caused by a sudden reduction in the feed temperature or increase in the feed rate to a packed-bed reactor operating at an intermediate or high level of conversion. This dynamic temperature rise may be affected by reactant adsorption on the inert catalyst support. The wrong-way behavior usually leads to formation of a downstream-moving temperature front. In such cases, reactant adsorption tends to moderate and decrease the maximal transient temperature of these fronts. However, when the wrong-way behavior generates an upstream-moving temperature front, reactant adsorption may substantially increase the temperature rise over that attained in its absence and ignite the reactor. Reactant adsorption may also lead to surprising dynamic effects upon changes in feed velocity.
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    Analysis of effective axial diffusion in branching networks (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1631-1638 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diffusional transport in a network of branching conduits is considered. The branching network is idealized as an ensemble of identical branching segments. Starting with the general species continuity equation, multiscale perturbation analysis is used to derive a one-dimensional, effective transport equation for species concentration. The macrotransport equation contains an effective diffusion coefficient, D*, which arises naturally from the analysis. D* can be computed from a local diffusion problem posed on an individual branching segment of the ensemble network. The local relations defining D* bear clear similarity to their counterparts for transport in spatially periodic porous media. Although this study was originally directed toward describing gas diffusion in the peripheral airspaces of the lung, the results provide insight for other transport processes occurring in branching networks.
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    Mixed-gas adsorption dynamics of high-concentration components in a particulate bed (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1649-1655 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The study of LeVan et al. (1988) concerning the dynamics of mixed-gas adsorption of components having high concentrations is extended to the case of multicomponent isotherms determined from either ideal or nonideal adsorbed solution theory. A discussion is given of the effect of isotherm properties on the dynamics of isothermal, mixed-gas adsorption when the adsorbate concentrations in the feed gas are large enough so that the interstitial fluid velocity varies significantly along the adsorption front.
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    Fluid dynamics of airlift reactors: Two-phase friction factors (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1662-1666 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381017
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    Determination of emulsion size distribution by NMR restricted diffusion measurement (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1671-1674 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Letters to the editor (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1675-1682 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381020
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    Real-time qualitative analysis of the temporal shapes of (bio) process variables (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1703-1715 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the limitations of today's knowledge-based (KB) systems for diagnostics and supervision is a lack of adequate temporal reasoning mechanisms. Most of these systems are designed primarily to operate with the current values of the process variables and, sometimes, with their derivatives. Such simple capabilities, however, are not always sufficient to identify some complex dynamic phenomena, which in many cases leave their own unique “stamp” on the process behavior, expressed in the form of characteristic temporal shapes of the related variables. To detect and diagnose adequately the events of interest, the KB system should be able to reason about the temporal shapes of the process variables. Although during manual supervision process operators rely heavily on such characteristic shapes as reliable symptoms of underlying phenomena, their exploitation has not been considered seriously by the designers of KB control systems. We propose a generic methodology for qualitative analysis of the temporal shapes of continuous process variables designed to be embedded into a real-time KB environment. It is applicable to bioprocesses, as well as to other complex dynamic systems.
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    Design considerations for tubular reactors with highly exothermic reactions (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1729-1743 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Practical guidelines are required for the design and operation of complicated catalytic packed-bed reactors. Primary among design considerations is the avoidance of operating regions of high parametric sensitivity, in which small changes in operating conditions can lead to thermal runaway in the reactor. Existing criteria for predicting these regions rely on complex mathematical formulations for differential sensitivity between input and output variables. The present work centers on the development of practical design criteria for avoiding reactor instability and temperature sensitivity in multitubular packed-bed reactors. A set of simple guidelines is proposed for the sizing of reactors and proper selection of operating conditions. The implications of these open-loop sensitivities for a controlled reactor are investigated. It is shown through simulation studies that violation of the proposed criteria leads to control problems and difficulty in operating at the design point.
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    Estimation of multiple specific growth rates: Experimental validation (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1751-1760 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The experimental validation of on-line estimation of multiple specific growth rates for the bakers' yeast fed-batch process is presented. Pole placement based parameter estimation combined with an asymptotic biomass observer constitute the basic algorithm. The full process model being ill-conditioned for estimation using the available measured state variables, the use of two partial models related to two different states of the process is suggested. An alternating procedure between two sets of estimation algorithms designed from the partial models is proposed. The performance of the alternating procedure is validated both with simulated and experimental data. The accuracy of the estimates of the three specific growth rates involved in this process is verified according to two criteria based on the respiratory quotient and on the evaluation of the ethanol production/consumption rate.
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    Predictive correlation for binary diffusion coefficients in dense carbon dioxide (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1761-1768 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Binary diffusion coefficients of some organic compounds in carbon dioxide at 313.2 K and 16.0/25.0 MPa were measured by using the Taylor-Aris tracer response technique. We propose a new correlation of Schmidt numbers as a function of solvent molar volumes for predicting binary diffusion coefficients in dence CO2 and self-diffusion coefficients of dense CO2. The correlation was also found to be valid for predicting self-diffusion coefficients of dense CH4 at Fv/A* 〈 40 or v2/(ṽ2)0 〉 1.62.
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    Unsteady axial mixing by natural convection in a vertical column (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1825-1834 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Unsteady axial mixing due to addition of a batch of sodium chloride solution at the top of a water-filled tube (2.63 cm i.d.) has been studied by measuring the developing concentration profile and the advancing front with dye added to the brine. Data have also been obtained with added baffle plates, with the use of a viscous aqueous solution, and in smaller diameter (1.48, 1.91 cm) tubes. Results can be approximately correlated by means of a model based on unsteady one-dimensional turbulent dispersion. Laminar flow affects the behavior of the advancing front at which the salt concentration is lowest.
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    Prediction of the effective diffusivity in pore networks close to a percolation threshold (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1816-1824 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The problem of diffusion in pore networks that are close to a percolation threshold is considered. Such networks arise: if the network is poorly connected; if the diffusing molecules are of a comparable size to the pores so that the fraction of the network accessible to the molecules is close to the percolation threshold; and in solids with multimodal pore-size distributions in which the pores belonging to the largest mode form a network close to the percolation threshold. We have investigated diffusion in such networks, using a new method in which the mass balance equations for diffusion on a regular lattice are solved using a Monte Carlo approach, coupled with a renormalized effective medium approximation. The method is accurate both close to and far from the percolation threshold, and is fast enough for routine calculations, such as in catalyst design applications.
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    Comparison of different ionization models for a glow discharge (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1835-1839 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Masthead (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992) 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381201
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    Free rising spheres do not obey newton's law for free settling (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1843-1846 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Parallel finite element computations on a network using NCS (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 251-258 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Research has been carried out on the use of NCS (Network Computing System) to distribute the processing of a finite element application to multiple computers at once. Coarse-grained parallelism of specific routines on loosely coupled CPUs has been implemented and tested. In a step-by-step fashion, the method of using NCS to convert finite element software POLY2D is explained for its application in parallel computing resources throughout a network. For the modeling of a simple conductive heat transfer problem, the distributed version of POLY2D on a homogeneous token ring network of nine Apollo workstations is used. Some timings given are compared to those obtained from a standard nondistributed simulation.
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    Temperature oscillations and vibrations of AC resistively heated thin filaments (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 284-290 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Resistively heated filaments are used to deposit diamond or to act as a substrate in the manufacture of ceramic fibers. This article analyzes the effects of an AC power source, in particular the oscillation in filament temperature and its influence on the kinetic rates, as well as the vibration of the filament, when it is mounted in a state of tensile stress. These effects diminish when the filament gauge is large enough and the analysis can help to decide whether an AC or a DC power source should be used.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380214
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    Drop interactions in electrostatic liquid-liquid contactors (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 311-314 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380219
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    Powder technology handbook. Edited by Koichi Iinoya, Keishi Gotah, and Ko Higoshitani, English Translation of Japanese Handbook Published in 1986, 2nd ed., 1991 (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 316-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380222
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    Semibatch reaction crystallization of benzoic acid (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 328-342 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental study of a semibatch reaction crystallization is presented. Dilute hydrochloric acid is fed to a stirred solution of sodium benzoate to crystallize benzoic acid. The weight mean size of the product crystals increases with increasing stirring rate, reaches a maximum, and then decreases again. Larger crystals may be produced if the reactant feed point is positioned close to the outlet stream of the impeller. At equal power input the influence of stirrer type is negligible. Decreasing reactant concentrations or feed rate increases the crystal size significantly. Experimental results are explained qualitatively focusing on nucleation and growth conditions and on feed point mixing. The feed point micromixing brings reactants together to generate supersaturation and allow for nucleation. Continued mixing, however, may partially dilute supersaturation before nucleation takes place or may restrict nuclei growth, thus promoting more efficient Ostwald ripening in the bulk. This may result in high bulk supersaturations which in turn hampers the dilution effects.
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    Alkaline hydrolysis of n-butyl acetate with phase transfer catalyst aliquat 336 (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 397-404 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A reasonable analytical procedure of the overall reaction rate for the phase transfer catalysis with mass transfer is discussed. Alkaline hydrolysis of n-butyl acetate with a phase transfer catalyst Aliquat 336 (tricaprylmethylammonium chloride, Q+Cl-) was chosen as a model system and carried out in an agitated vessel with a flat interface. Overall reaction rates observed were proportional to the interfacial concentration of the actual reactant Q+OH- (the ion pair consisting of quaternary ammonium cation Q+ and OH-) for the hydrolysis in the organic phase. The interfacial concentration of Q+OH- was a unique function of bulk concentrations of the catalyst and NaOH, and the ionic strength of the aqueous solution. This behavior of the overall reaction rates was explained by the proposed model solution. The reaction rate constant, evaluated by fitting the rate data to the model prediction, was 47 m3/kmol·s at 298 K. It was 70 or more times greater than that of conventional alkaline hydrolysis in the aqueous phase.
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    A mathematical model of mixing and polymerization in a semibatch stirred-tank reactor (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 425-437 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Effects of mixing on number- and weight-average degree of polymerization in free radical homopolymerization in solution in a semibatch stirred tank-reactor have been modeled by use of the “partially segregated feed” model of Villermaux (1989) and the lumped kinetic treatment of addition polymerization. Mixing conditions are described in terms of the dimensionless time constants θM and θX for convective and diffusive mixing, respectively. Results show that DPn is relatively insensitive, while DPw is highly sensitive to mixing conditions. Comparison with ideal mixing results shows that polydispersity (DPw/DPn) can rise greatly as mixing becomes increasingly nonideal, depending on the value of dimensionless flow rate and dimensionless initiator rate constant. Time constants of the mixing model need to be expressed as dimensional correlations before the proposed polymerization model can be compared to experimental measurements. The model may be adapted to melt polymerization in nonideal CSTR such as LDPE.
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    Improved DMC design for nonlinear process control (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 607-610 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380414
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    Activity coefficients in mixed aqueous electrolyte solutions with a common ion (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 793-796 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Catalytic chemistry. By Bruce C. Gates, Wiley, New York, 458 pp., 1992 (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 480-480 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380321
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    Phase equilibria in the system water-methyldiethanolamine-propane (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 511-520 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aqueous solutions of alkanolamines are commonly used to strip acid gases (CO2 H2S) from hydrocarbon streams. Processes for stripping acid gases from gaseous streams are well understood; however, the application to liquids is not as advanced. Experimental data available are scarce for systems containing aqueous amine solutions and the constituents of liquefied petroleum gases. To this end, new data are presented for the equilibria in the system propane-water-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). A knowledge of the phase behavior in this system is required to model the equilibria encountered in the more complex systems of industrial importance.This work is a comprehensive study of the phase equilibria in the system propane-3 M MDEA, including vapor-liquid, liquid-liquid, and vapor-liquid-liquid equilibria. Experimental measurements were made for temperatures between 0 and 150°C and pressures up to 20 MPa. The data were correlated using the Stryjek-Vera modification of the Peng-Robinson equation of state. In addition, a composition-dependent mixing rule was required to fit the data adequately.
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    Natural tracking PID process control for exponential tracking (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 555-562 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To cope with modeling uncertainties and randomness of external disturbances, a new tracking control called the natural control concept is designed. Its implementation is completely independent of the internal dynamics of a controlled system, its desired output and external disturbances. The design algorithm established ensures a prespecified exponential quality of output tracking. The theory presented in this article is applied effectively to the design of natural tracking control for a chemical reaction process described by the fourth-order, linear, state-space mathematical model.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380409
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    Correlation of fractionation tray performance via a cross-flow boundary-layer model (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 592-602 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The nonequilibrium tray model proposed by Young and Stewart (1990) is used to correlate published fractionation data from sieve tray columns 0.45 m to 1.2 m in diameter. The model contains a dimensionless coefficient a00 to describe the interphase heat and mass transfer, and a Peclet number Pe to describe the lateral mixing of the liquid on the tray. The coefficient a00 is investigated as a function of tray geometry and hydrodynamic variables, using an error-in-variables extension of a multiresponse parameter estimation algorithm. Data from several sources are well correlated by a simple dimensionless relation for a00, with Pe predicted from the results of Bennett and associates (1983, 1991).
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    Stochastic modeling of pressure fluctuations in a three-phase fluidized bed (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 629-634 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380420
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    The robust global stabilization of a stirred tank reactor (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 651-659 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this paper, a program of analysis is carried out for control of a nonlinear stirred tank reactor. By examining the uniqueness and stability properties of the reactor, the zero dynamics are analyzed. Subsequently, a model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) which explicitly takes into account the nonlinearities of the system is designed; the MRAC successfully compensates for parametric uncertainty. It is shown that even when almost all reactor parameters are unknown, global convergence over the entire phase space is achieved.
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    Influence of tube and particle diameter on heat transport in packed beds (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 703-715 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Influence of the tube and particle diameter and shape, as well as their ratio, on the radial heat transport in packed beds has been studied. Heat transport experiments were performed with four different packings in three wall-cooled tubes, which differed in inner diameter only. Experimental values for the effective radial heat conductivity and wall heat-transfer coefficient for the pseudo-homogeneous two-dimensional model and the overall heat-transfer coefficient for the one-dimensional model are presented. Values were obtained for glass spheres, alumina cylinders, and alumina Raschig rings. The effective radial heat conductivity and wall heat-transfer coefficient can both be correlated as a linear function of the gas flow rate. The Bodenstein number for heat at fully developed turbulent flow is influenced strongly by the shape of the packing: 10.9 for glass spheres, 7.6 for alumina cylinders, and 4.2 for alumina Raschig rings. For the same packing, no significant influence is found of the tube diameter on the effective radial heat conductivity or on the wall heat-transfer coefficient. The overall heat-transfer coefficient can be described very well by the so-called “lump equation,” which gives the relations among the overall heat-transfer coefficient, effective radial heat conductivity, and wall heat-transfer coefficient. The “lump factor,” as used in the lump equation, has a best-fit experimental value of 7.4.
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    Effect of particle size distribution in different fluidization regimes (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 716-722 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of particle size distribution (PSD) on the performance of a fluidized bed reactor was investigated in different hydrodynamic regimes: bubbling, slugging, turbulent and fast fluidization, with three particle size distributions, all with the same mean diameter and nearly the same particle density and BET surface area. Regime transitions were examined by measuring pressure fluctuations. Void sizes tended to be smaller and the transition from bubbling or slugging to turbulent fluidization was achieved earlier for the wide distribution powder than for the narrow PSD. At gas velocities ≤ 0.2 m/s, the conversion and reactor efficiency were not affected greatly by the PSD. However, at higher gas velocities, PSD played a significant role. For particles of wide size distribution, the conversion in the turbulent and fast fluidization regimes was usually higher than in the bubbling fluidization regime at the same dimensionless rate constant, kf′. On the other hand, for particles of narrow size distribution, the dependence of conversion on the regime is small, except for the fast fluidization regime.
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    Venting of runaway reactions with gas generation (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 723-732 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pressure relief venting of a runway reaction with gas generation is examined in terms of the overall system response and the associated venting requirement. This article presents an exact formulation as well as an approximate analytical approach. The latter is shown to be particularly useful in vent-sizing applications. Using an aqueous hydrogen peroxide decomposition example, the analytical results are demonstrated to agree well with the exact numerical results over a wide range of overpressure. In addition, the analytical result is shown to reduce to the correct limit for a pure vapor system and offers a useful vent-sizing equation for a pure-gassy system.
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    Caffeine extraction rates from coffee beans with supercritical carbon dioxide (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 761-770 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The extraction of caffeine from whole coffee beans with supercritical carbon dioxide was studied in a continuous-flow extraction apparatus. Decaffeination rates were determined as a function of CO2 flow rate, temperature and pressure by continuously monitoring the caffeine in the effluent with a flame ionization detector. Soaking the raw beans in water prior to decaffeination enhanced the rate of extraction, which increased markedly with water content. Using CO2 saturated with water also increased the rate of extraction. The rate of decaffeination increased with pressure and temperature and was influenced by both intraparticle diffusion in the water-soaked beans and external mass transfer. A mathematical model based on a linear-driving-force approximation of mass transfer and partitioning of caffeine between the water and the supercritical CO2 describes the time-dependent process. The partition coefficient for caffeine distributed between water and supercritical CO2, the only parameter determined from the dynamic extraction rate data, increases with temperature and pressure.
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    Kinetics and column dynamics for adsorption of bulk liquid mixtures (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 811-820 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A framework is developed to describe kinetics and column dynamics of ad(de)sorption from bulk liquid mixtures using surface excess as the variable to quantify the extent of adsorption. It is found that the transient rate of change of surface excess with time from a multicomponent liquid mixture can be expressed in terms of a surface excess linear-driving-force model. A local-equilibrium model can be developed to describe the column dynamics of ad(de)sorption from liquid mixtures. Both self-sharpening and proportionate pattern mass-transfer zones can be formed depending on the shape of the surface-excess isotherm and the selectivity of adsorption. Analysis of column dynamics for liquid mixture adsorption can be carried out analogous to that for adsorption from gas mixtures, when a constant pattern mass-transfer zone is formed. The length of the mass-transfer zone and the composition-time column effluent profile can also be derived analytically for such a case. Experimental kinetics and column dynamics data for ad(de)sorption of ethanol-water mixtures on a large-pore activated carbon are analyzed using these models.
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    Intraparticle convection effect on pressurization and blowdown of adsorbers (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 857-867 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pressurization and blowdown steps in pressure swing adsorption (PSA) with binary mixtures of inert and adsorbable species are studied. Modeling involves mass balances for the bulk fluid phase and inside particles, that is, intraparticle diffusion/convection models, momentum balance equations, and linear adsorption equilibrium isotherm. The importance of intraparticle convection in PSA is assessed. Mass transfer inside pores is enhanced by intraparticle convection, which leads to a better efficiency of adsorption (pressurization) and desorption (blowdown) processes. Performance is improved by intraparticle convection and lies between diffusion and equilibrium limits, as shown in propagation profiles of the adsorbable species mole fraction in the bed and inside particles.
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    High-temperature membrane reactor for catalytic gas-solid reactions (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 887-900 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model, based on the dusty-gas model extended with surface diffusion, is presented that describes mass transport owing to molecular diffusion and viscous flow, as well as an instantaneous reversible reaction inside a membrane reactor. The reactants are fed to opposite sides of the membrane, considering masstransfer resistances in the gas phase outside the membrane. The Claus reaction is chosen as a model reaction to study this membrane reactor.The model is used to validate a previously presented simplified model. The simplified model predicts correct molar fluxes when it is very dilute and can therefore be considered a pseudo-binary system. Occurrence of a maximum or a minimum in the pressure profile inside the membrane, in the absence of an overall pressure difference over the membrane, depends not only on the stoichiometry of the reaction but on mobilities of the different species.The Claus reaction is used to verify experimentally the transport model for a nonpermselective membrane reactor with a mean pore diameter of 350 nm. At 493 K and 542 K, molar fluxes experimentally determined are 10 to 20% lower than those predicted by the transport model. Conversions measured at pressures of 220 kPa and 500 kPa demonstrate that surface diffusion occurs as a transport mechanism despite the large pore diameter of the membrane. In the presence of a pressure difference over the membrane, there is a reasonable agreement between experimentally determined molar fluxes and those calculated by the transport model.
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    Analysis and design of melt and solution polycondensation processes (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 911-925 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Polycondensation processes include up to three distinct process stages: prepolymerization, polymerization, and finishing. One or more of these stages often have serious reaction rate limitations due to chemical equilibrium and the need to remove a condensate product. The problems arising in each process stage and the methods of designing each stage are unique. This article discusses many of the problems inherent to each process stage and basic design tools useful in designing each process stage. Two process design tools discussed are the mass-transfer potential and pressure-chain length plots. The application of these tools is illustrated through two design examples: nylon-6,6 and poly (ethylene terephthalate) production.
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    Off-bottom suspension of thin sheets (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 959-965 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380617
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    Hydrodynamic changes of the depletion layer of dilute polymer solutions near a wall (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 273-283 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The system studied in this work is a dilute solution of rod-like molecules under simple shear flow and near a hard wall. The time evolution of the probability density function is described by a diffusion equation; particle trajectories that correspond to this equation are generated by stochastic methods. Several algorithms are presented to handle the constraints imposed by the presence of the wall. In good agreement with recent experimental work on xanthan solutions, for high shear rates we observe an increase in the thickness of the depletion layer near the wall. For low to intermediate shear rates, however, we find a transient decrease of the depletion layer thickness that has not been observed experimentally. Based on the results of our simulations, we present a simple procedure to determine a few, well defined characteristic parameters from the experimental density profiles.
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    Two-phase, gas-liquid flows in static mixers (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 308-310 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380218
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    Discrete-time nonlinear controller synthesis by input/output linearization (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1923-1945 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This work concerns the synthesis of discrete-time nonlinear controllers for nonlinear processes that make the closed-loop system linear in an input/output sense. The synthesis of state feedback controllers is studied first, followed by the synthesis of dynamic output feedback controllers. Both problems are solved within the globally linearizing control (GLC) framework. Precise theoretical connections between the derived controllers and model algorithmic control (MAC) are established. The theory is illustrated by a chemical reactor example.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381209
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    Multidimensional modeling of turbulent two-phase flows in stirred vessels (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1946-1956 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article outlines a computational procedure for the prediction of dispersed two-phase, solid-liquid and gas-liquid, turbulent flows in baffled, impeller-stirred vessels common in the chemical industries. A two-flow Eulerian model is employed, based on the main assumption of interpenetrating coexisting continua. Mean momentum and mass conservation equations are solved for each phase and turbulent closure is effected by extending the single phase k-ε turbulence model to two-phase flows. The resulting set of highly coupled equations is solved by a two-phase implicit algorithm, PISO-2P, which allows calculation for a wide range of phase fraction, particle size and phase density rations. Predictions are presented for solid-liquid and gas-liquid (bubbly) flows. Comparisons are made with experimental data for the mean phase velocities and volume fraction, mean slip velocity and turbulence quantities.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381210
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    Influence of cooling design on fixed-bed reactors dynamics (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1990-1994 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381214
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    Bioreactor design fundamentals. By N. G. McDuffie, Butterworth-Heinemann, Stoneham, MA, 1991, 137 pp., $42.95 (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1995-1995 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381215
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    Chemically active liquid membranes in inorganic supports for metal ion separations (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1957-1968 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ceramic membranes with pores filled with organic chelation acid show promise as the basis for inorganic membrane separator units for metal ion separations from dilute aqueous streams. The performance of such membranes in disk geometry is evaluated experimentally for a model system. The proposed model describes the metal ion flux through the membrane, and a batch or continuous operated separator using these membranes is analyzed. Copper ion fluxes through α-alumina/silica disks impregnated with 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime were determined from a rotating diffusion cell apparatus for feed solution concentration of copper 0.03 mol/L, feed solution pH 3, strip solution pH of 0.3, and rotation speed of 130 rpm. Flux values range from 5.4 × 10-6 to 2.2 × 10-5 mol/cm2·h and compare well with the reported values for metal ion transport through polymeric supporting membranes (Largman and Sifniades, 1978; Babcock et al., 1981; Teramoto and Tanimoto, 1983; Kojima and Miyauchi, 1981).The proposed steady-state flux model describes the metal flux through chemically active liquid membranes in inorganic supports. The model includes film resistance to mass transfer in both liquid films, complexation and stripping reactions at the liquid-liquid interface in the membrane pores on both surfaces of the membrane, and metal ion/complex diffusion through the membrane. Separately designed experiments were executed using a precise pH-static technique to obtain the physical and chemical parameters of diffusivities, kinetic coefficients and equilibrium coefficients. Calculated fluxes compare well with experimentally determined values from batch experiments (average standard error, 11%).The proposed lumped parameter linear kinetic rate model for the surface reaction rates interprets the kinetic data for the copper chelation reaction. The model is based on a multistep reaction mechanism and has the following form for the extraction reaction for the above mentioned conditions: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ R^F = 7.3 \times {\rm 10}^{{\rm - 4}} C_{Cu}^{F*} - 7.1 \times {\rm 10}^{{\rm - 6}} C\frac{F^*}{{CuR_2 }} $$\end{document} A similar expression is presented for the strip reaction.An analytical solution for the mathematical model predicts the performance of the chemically active liquid membrane reactor for the batch or continuous operation of the rotating diffusion cell. Calculated results describe expected trends and agree well with the experimental results.
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    Theory of precipitation of protein mixtures by nonionic polymer (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 573-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theory is developed to predict the solubility of protein mixtures in solutions containing nonionic polymer. Effective protein-protein interactions due to polymer are taken to be volume-exclusion potentials derived using statistical mechanics. Statistical-mechanical perturbation theory is used to calculate chemical potentials. The effects of protein size, mole fraction and polymer concentration on solubility are explored. The theory is extended to include electrostatic interactions. The excess chemical potential of the proteins due to the charges on all species is calculated using the mean spherical approximation for a mixture of charged hard spheres. The theory predicts: the larger protein is preferentially precipitated over the smaller one; the more concentrated protein is more likely to precipitate; and increasing the charge of a particular protein reduces its ability to precipitate.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380411
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    Interfacial tension measurement of immiscible liquids using a capillary tube (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 615-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380416
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    Void fraction prediction in two-phase flow across a tube bundle (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 619-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380417
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    Letters to the editor (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 635-640 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380421
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    Adsorption breakthrough behavior: Unusual effects and possible causes (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 660-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Adsorption of water vapor on silica gel, at influent humidities from 6 to 80% at 25 and 50°C, yielded breakthrough curves of unusual shapes. Breakthrough patterns varied from the expected sigmoidal shape at low humidity to a curve resembling the tangent function, but symmetric about the stoichiometric breakthrough time. Unusual shapes were found to be due to subtle combination of Type-IV isotherm behavior and heat effects. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the performance. The results show that complex breakthrough behavior need not be ascribed to complicated causes (such as diffusion in bidisperse pores), which require multiparameter fitting of experimental data. In fact, the effects may be predicted from properties measured in simple independent experiments, though some care is required to account for the effects accurately.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    Estimation of surface tension of pure fluids using the gradient theory (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 753-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The modified van der Waals theory of interfaces (gradient theory) is used with the equations of state of Peng-Robinson and Mohanty-Davis to predict surface tensions of various nonpolar, quadrupolar, slightly polar and polar substances as a function of temperature. The influence parameter of the gradient theory is estimated as 0.785ab2/3 in terms of the attractive and repulsive van der Waals parameters using the Lennard-Jones potential. The predictions made with the Mohanty-Davis equation of state agree better with experimental data than those made with Peng-Robinson, even for nonpolar fluids.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380512
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    Shape parameters and the density dependence of hard-chain equations of state (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 788-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380516
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    Steady-state traveling waves on the surface of a viscous liquid film falling down on vertical wires and tubes (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 821-834 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various nonlinear wavy regimes of a viscous liquid film flowing down vertical wires and tubes were calculated using the integral method. The linear stability analysis of the trivial smooth solution was compared with the results published previously. In the region of linear instability, the competition among the gravity, viscous and capillary forces formed the steady-state traveling solutions of finite amplitudes. At least two families of waves were shown to be parameterized by the wave number for given values of external parameters (Reynolds number, cylinder radius and physical characteristics of liquid). The basic waves characteristics depended on external parameters and on wave number. The intensity of wavy processes increased with decreasing cylinder radius. The calculations show the catastrophic growth of wave amplitude, when the system flows down a vertical tube of sufficiently small radius and moves into the linear, unstable region.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380604
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    Uranium adsorption characteristics of a circulating fluidized-bed adsorber (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 879-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new type of fluidized bed, called a circulating fluidized-bed adsorber (CFBA), was developed for processing a large quantity of water with high efficiency. Its fluid mechanical characteristics are reported, as well as recovery of uranium from natural seawater using a small CFBA. Using hydrous titanium oxide, granulated with polyacrylonitrile (PAN-HTO), as an adsorbent, CFBA ran stably for six days, the period required for the adsorbent to collect a practical amount of uranium. To predict the uranium adsorption performance of a plant-size CFBA, a numerical model simulating the adsorption kinetics was developed. The result of the numerical calculation by the model was in good agreement with the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380609
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    Coalescence of charged droplets in agitated liquid-liquid dispersions (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1199-1205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental studies have been performed to assess the effect of drop charge on turbulent drop coalescence. Although it is well known that surface charge can affect coalescence rates of Brownian particles in a quiescent medium, no studies have been found in the literature which explicitly examine charge effects on larger drops in turbulent media.Results demonstate that drop charge can substantially inhibit coalescence between drops in agitated dispersions. Moreover, this effect can arise solely from latent drop charges, which are attributed to the preferential adsorption of hydroxide ions onto the water-organic phase interface. Ionic strength and pH thus are shown to play a major role in determining coalescence rates between agitated drops.Results also demonstrate that reliance on measurement of average drop sizes for the purpose of determining coalescence rate dependencies is a precarious practice. Strong size-dependent effects such as obtained here have the potential to suggest erroneous conclusions when conclusions are based on measurements of average drop sizes rather than of drop-size distributions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    A modified Redlich-Kwong equation for phase equilibrium and enthalpy calculations (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1299-1301 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380816
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    The chemistry and technology of petroleum, second edition, revised and expanded. By James G. Speight, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1991 (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1304-1305 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380820
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    Fluid flow in compressible porous media: I: Steady-state conditions (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1340-1348 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This is the first of two articles dealing with fluid flow in compressible porous media. In this article a model describing fluid flow and pressure-induced variations in porosity under stationary conditions is developed. In a forthcoming article the dynamic behavior during filtration and wet pressing of compressible porous media are presented.Fluid flow through rigid porous media is generally described by Darcy's law. The corresponding expression for compressible materials is derived in this article. This expression, the steady-state flow (SSF) equation, allows the steady-state flow to be easily calculated, either numerically, or by using the approximative analytical solutions that are also presented here. In the SSF equation optional empirical and/or theoretical permeability and compressibility relationships may be combined. Further, a new compressibility model which also applies for viscoelastic materials is presented. The influence of the compressibility of the material and the influence of precompression is illustrated.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380904
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    Unique adsorption properties and potential energy profiles of microporous pillared clays (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1357-1368 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adsorption isotherms of O2, N2, CH4, CO2, SO2, and NO on five pillared clays (Zr, Al, Cr, Fe, and Ti-PILCs) are measured. The equilibrium selectivity of CH4/N2 on Al-PILC is greater than 5.0, which exceeds all known sorbents by a large margin. In addition, high SO2/CO2 equilibrium selectivities are observed on these pillared clays. The sorption characteristics of these pillared clays (PILCs) exhibit characteristic trends that are better understood with the aid of the potential energy profiles. A new semi-empirical approach is presented for the calculations of the potential energy profiles of PILCs. This approach requires the adsorption isotherms and an isotherm equation that accounts for the structural heterogeneity of the adsorbents. A comparison of the energy profiles obtained using the semi-empirical approach with the corresponding results obtained via the Kirkwood-Muller formalism, where only dispersion forces are taken into account, provides a measure of the importance of the electrostatic forces in the sorption characteristics of these PILCs. Sizable differences are observed for the potential energy profiles, indicating that the electrostatic forces are not negligible, and can significantly enhance the adsorption potential, resulting in large increases in the amounts adsorbed on these PILCs.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380906
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    Gas holdup in stacked expanded metal sheets (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1864-1870 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The gas holdup in different arrays of expanded metal sheets was determined by the conductimetric method.A model had to be developed for analyzing the conductimetric behavior of the cell in the presence of the metallic sheets. The validity of this model has been verified with single phase flow. The application to two-phase flow allowed the obtaining of information on gas accumulation within stacked expanded metal sheets, showing a strong influence of the geometry of the array. Depending on the orientation of the stacked sheets and of the large dimension of the expanded metal, the gas holdup within the packing will be equal or larger than in an empty bubble column.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Slow motion of multiple droplets in arbitrary three-dimensional configurations (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1881-1904 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article presents a combined analytical-numerical study for the hydrodynamic interactions of an arbitrary finite cluster of spherical droplets at low Reynolds numbers. The droplets may differ in radius, in viscosity and in migration velocity. The theory developed is the most general solution to the mobility or resistance problem of slow motion of an assemblage of fluid spheres in a three-dimensional unbounded medium. Using a boundary collocation technique, the creeping flow equations are solved in the quasisteady situation, and the interaction effects among the droplets are evaluated for various cases. For the motion of two-droplet systems, our results for the droplet interaction parameters at all orientations and separation distances agree very well with the exact solutions obtained by using spherical bipolar coordinates or the asymptotic solutions obtained by using the connector algebra. The mobility parameters of linear chains of three droplets have been calculated, demonstrating that the existence of the third sphere can significantly affect the mobility of the other two spheres. The mobility results are also presented for the motion of chains containing up to 101 identical and equally spaced spheres, and the end effect exhibited by a chain of spheres can be found. Finally, our “exact” solutions for the hydrodynamic interaction between two fluid or solid spheres are used to find the effect of volume fractions of particles of each type on the mean settling velocities of the particles in a bounded suspension.
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    Steric mass-action ion exchange: Displacement profiles and induced salt gradients (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1969-1978 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The study of nonlinear competitive equilibrium is of fundamental importance in understanding the behavior of proteins in preparative ion-exchange chromatographic separations. In this work we present a steric mass-action (SMA) ion-exchange equilibrium formalism, which explicitly accounts for the steric hindrance of salt counterions upon protein binding in multicomponent equilibria. An analytical solution has been derived for the calculation of isotachic effluent profiles of displaced proteins and induced salt gradients under ideal chromatographic conditions. A stability analysis has been employed to establish the order of the feed components in the displacement train. Theoretical predictions are compared to experimental results for the separation of proteins by cation-exchange displacement chromatography. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the SMA formalism in predicting complex behavior present in ion-exchange displacement systems. Furthermore, the analytical solution of ideal isotachic displacement profiles with the SMA formalism enables rapid methods development and optimization of ion-exchange displacement separations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381212
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    An analysis of the statistical model adsorption isotherm (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1979-1989 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The statistical model adsorption isotherm developed by Ruthven and coworkers and used in the prediction and correlation of adsorption in microporous materials especially zeolites is critically examined from the perspective of statistical mechanics. This is done by applying the method to a class of molecular models for which the statistical thermodynamics may be solved analytically without approximation. The models considered are finite length single component and binary one-dimensional systems in which the molecules interact via square well potentials. These are among the simplest realistic yet analytically solvable molecular models of adsorption in porous materials. Our analysis clarifies the theoretical status of the Ruthven approach as well as revealing some of the weaknesses in it.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Crystal growth from metals: Applications to growth of groups 1 and 2 crystals. By B. N. Roy, Wiley, New York, 1992, 322 pp. (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1995-1996 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381216
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    Review: “Applied biocatalysis: Volume 1.” Edited by H. W. Blanch and D. S. Clark, Marcel Dekker, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1991, 248 pp., $97.75 (U.S. and Canada) (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1996-1997 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381218
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