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  • Other Sources  (49)
  • Elsevier  (40)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (9)
  • PANGAEA
  • 1985-1989  (39)
  • 1980-1984  (10)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1989  (25)
  • 1988  (14)
  • 1980  (10)
  • 1
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    Stress Analysis by Boundary Element Methods (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 3, pp. 6322, (ISBN 0-521-79203-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Textbook of physics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Stress ; Boundary Element Method
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Induction Logging (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 652 pp., Elsevier, vol. 39, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (0-444-51955-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Textbook of geophysics ; Dual Induction Latero log
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Application of Fracture Mechanics to Composite Materials (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 220, (ISBN: 3540148477)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Fracture ; Rock mechanics ; Elasticity
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Gravity and Low-Frequency Geodynamics (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 65, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-044051-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    Geophysical Aspects of the Energy Problem (1980)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, I-VII + 329 pp., Elsevier, vol. 1, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN 3-540-44363-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980
    Keywords: Geothermics ; application ; and ; prospection ; Earthquake hazard ; nuclear ; power ; plants ; Earthquake risk ; solar ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; pollution ; FROTH ; pp. ; 1-81, ; 279-288
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    Elastic Wave Field Extrapolation. Redatuming of Single- and Multi-Component Seismic Data (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN 3-7643-6675-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Applied geophysics ; Data analysis / ~ processing
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 7
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    Wave Propagation in Elastic Solids, 3. repr. (1980)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Wave propagation ; Waves ; Textbook of geophysics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 8
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    Mechanics of Tectonic Faulting (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 662-664, (ISBN 0-470-87000-1 (HB), ISBN 0-470-87001-X (PB))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Textbook of geology ; Tectonics ; Fault zone ; Stress ; Fracture ; Engineering geophys.
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 9
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    The influence on catch of monofilament and multifilament netting in otter prawn trawls (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Fisheries Research, 8 (1). pp. 35-44.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-10
    Description: In Moreton Bay, Queensland, the catch obtained using monofilament polyamide (PA) otter trawl-nets with multifilament polyethylene (PE) cod ends was compared with that obtained using multifilament PE trawl-nets of identical mesh opening (38 mm). Monofilament PA otter trawl-nets retained fewer small prawns ( 〈 24 mm carapace length) than conventional multifilament PE nets, but both nets caught similar quantities of larger prawns ( 〉 24 mm carapace length). The higher retention rate of small prawns by multifilament PE gear was reflected in the greater catch weights of Peraeus plebejus, Metapenaeus bennettae and Metapenaeopsis novaeguineae in those nets. Catch weights of larger prawn species such as Penaeus esculentus and Metapenaeus endeavouri did not differ between nets. Winter whiting (Sillago maculata) and squid (Loligo spp.) were trawled in similar abundance in both nets, although the monofilament retained fewer squid 〈 50 mm mantle length. More marketable ( 〉 15 cm carapace width) sand crabs (Portunus pelagicus) were caught in the monofilament net. There was not significant difference in the trash (noncommercial component) weight caught in both nets. Over the range of towing speeds tested (1.7–2.3 kn), use of monofilament nets significantly reduced total gear drag.
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  • 10
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    Precise single-grain 40Ar/39 Ar dating of a cold to warm climate transition in Central Europe (1989)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 342 (6249). pp. 523-525.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
    Description: RECENT advances in 40Ar/39Ar dating1,2 have made it possible to date individual K-feldspar grains from Pleistocene tephra, a capability that greatly improves the reliability and temporal resolving power of the method. Here we apply these new techniques to the dating of a phonolite tephra from the East Eifel volcanic field in West Germany, which is sandwiched between loess and palaeosol (alfisol) deposits, and which was therefore erupted during the transition from a glacial to an interglacial period. Our age estimate for this transition is 215±4 kyr (1 σ), which has important implications for the marine δ18O timescale and for models of global climate change during the Pleistocene. The results show that single-grain dating can detect and compensate for the large quantities of xenocrystic contaminants which are found in many tephra deposits. This technique could be used to date the tephra layers found in marine sediment cores and the results could greatly enhance the reliability of the marine δ18O timescale for more rigorous Fourier analysis testing of the Milankovitch hypothesis.
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  • 11
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    Home occupancy by male Octopus vulgaris in a large seawater tank (1980)
    Elsevier
    In:  Animal Behaviour, 28 (4). pp. 1123-1126.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-01
    Description: Pairs of individually recognizable male Octopus vulgaris were observed in a large seawater tank containing two suitable homes (brick pots or plastic buckets). None of the animals established exclusive occupancy of one home and for much of the time both animals were associated together at the same site. Usually one of the two homes was preferred and its occupant was most likely to be the larger animal, or the earlier resident if they were of equal size. Large animals were observed to take food forcefully from smaller octopus. An arm alignment interaction is described which, it is suggested, may be a means by which two octopuses establish their relative sizes.
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  • 12
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    Glaciomarine sedimentation in epicontinental seas exemplified by the northern Barents Sea (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 85 (2-4). pp. 225-250.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
    Description: Sediments on high Arctic shelves result from modern processes and the effect of former glaciations. Based on data from the northern Barents Sea, an area with input from large and numerous surging glaciers, we define two principal zones with different environmental regimes and corresponding sedimentary facies: (1) a glacier-proximal zone influenced by grounding-line processes and the immediately adjacent areas affected by glacial sediment input, and (2) a glacier-distal, sea-ice and current-controlled zone, which also includes a wide sediment-starved region dominated by biogenic carbonate accumulation. Characteristic of the glacier-proximal zone are glacial surges which affect sedimentation rates and leave a diagnostic pattern of sea-floor morphologies. Extensive ice gouging causes a homogeneous sediment texture. In the glacier-distal zone, fine-grained mud supplied from sea ice and infrequent coarser material deposited from icebergs is reworked by modern oceanographic processes. On shallow banks, in 30–50 m of water, carbonates accumulate from a prolific bottom fauna formed in response to extensive reworking and nutrient supply.
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  • 13
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    Sectional representations for simulating aerosol dynamics (1980)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 76 (2). pp. 541-556.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-30
    Description: A general method for simulating aerosol size distribution dynamics is developed. The method, based on dividing the particle size domain into sections and dealing only with one integral quantity in each section (e.g., number, surface area, or volume), has the advantages that the integral quantity is conserved within the computational domain and coagulations between all particle sizes are properly accounted for. To demonstrate the simplicity and accuracy of the method for a practical problem, the evolution of a power plant plume aerosol undergoing coagulation is simulated.
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  • 14
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    Seabeam and seismic reflection imaging of the tectonic regime of the Andean continental margin off Peru (4°S to 10°S) (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 87 (1-2). pp. 111-126.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-08
    Description: Marine geophysical surveys employing Seabeam, multi- and single-channel seismic reflection, gravity and magnetic instruments were conducted at two locations along the continental slope of the Peru Trench during the Seaperc cruise of the R/V “Jean Charcot” in July 1986. These areas are centered around 5°30′S and 9°30′S off the coastal towns of Paita and Chimbote respectively. These data indicate that (1) the continental slope off Peru consists of three distinct morpho-structural domains (from west to east are the lower, middle and upper slopes) instead of just two as previously reported; (2) the middle slope has the characteristics of a zone of tectonic collapse at the front of a gently flexured upper slope; (3) the upper half of the lower slope appears to represent the product of mass wasting; (4) thrusting at the foot of the margin produces a continuous morphologic feature representing a deformation front where the products of mass-wasting are overprinted by a compressional tectonic fabric; (5) a change in the tectonic regime from tensional to compressional occurs at the mid-slope-lower slope boundary, the accretionary prism being restricted to the very base of the lower slope in the Paita area. The Andean margin off Peru is an “extensional active margin” or a “collapsing active margin” developing a subordinated accretionary complex induced by massive collapse of the middle slope area.
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  • 15
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    Particulate organic carbon flux in the oceans-surface productivity and oxygen utilization (1980)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 288 (5788). pp. 260-263.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Description: Organic detritus passing from the sea surface through the water column to the sea floor controls nutrient regeneration, fuels benthic life and affects burial of organic carbon in the sediment record. Particle trap systems have enabled the first quantification of this important process. The results suggest that the dominant mechanism of vertical transport is by rapid settling of rare large particles, most likely of faecal pellets or marine snow of the order of 〉200 μm in diameter, whereas the more frequent small particles have an insignificant role in vertical mass flux4–6. The ultimate source of organic detritus is biological production in surface waters of the oceans. I determine here an empirical relationship that predicts organic carbon flux at any depth in the oceans below the base of the euphotic zone as a function of the mean net primary production rate at the surface and depth-dependent consumption. Such a relationship aids in estimating rates of decay of organic matter in the water column, benthic and water column respiration of oxygen in the deep sea and burial of organic carbon in the sediment record.
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  • 16
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    Late quaternary spatial and temporal changes in clay- and silt-size mineral assemblages of fiord and shelf cores, western Baffin Bay, northwest North Atlantic (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Continental Shelf Research, 9 (5). pp. 445-463.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-08
    Description: Clay- and silt-size mineral assemblages are described from eight piston cores from the fiords and shelf on the western margin of Baffin Bay, Arctic Canada. Radiocarbon dates indicate that all the cores extend back in time to the last local glacial/interglacial transition (i.e. 8–10 ka); four extend back to between 10 and 12 ka, and HU77-021-156, located on the Southeast Baffin Island shelf, includes the entire late Foxe glacial stage. Silt- and clay-size particles constitute ca 40 and 55%, respectively, by weight of the bulk sediment. The clay-size fraction is dominated by mica; feldspars and quartz are the main constituents of the silt fraction. The fiord sediments are mainly composed of local mineralogies, but on the shelf, and at times in the fiords, exotic mineral species occur. The most important of these are detrital carbonates, derived from erosion of the Paleozoic basins in Arctic Canada and/or northwest Greenland. Both calcite and dolomite occur; calcite is the major carbonate mineral in the “southern” cores, whereas dolomite is the most abundant in cores north of 66°N. Higher inputs of carbonate species occur during regional deglaciation, 7–10 ka, and during the last 5 ka (probably reflecting increased iceberg production from northwest Greenland). Thus variations in the precentages of the carbonate minerals indicate significant shifts in Late Quaternary glacial-sediment source areas and oceanographic regimes.
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  • 17
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    Ostracod faunas and water masses across the continental margin off southwestern Africa (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 87 (2-4). pp. 323-328.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-11
    Description: Changes in composition of modern benthic ostracod faunas across the continental margin of southwestern Africa occur at boundaries between and within major water masses: a Mixed Layer-Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) boundary at 200 m, an AAIW salinity minimum zone at 650 m, an AAIW bathyal thermocline at 1000 m, and the AAIW/North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) boundary at 1500 m. In addition, two population changes occur within the NADW at 1.8–2.0 km and 2.0–3.0 km. The Antarctic Bottom Water assemblage is sparse and poorly preserved.
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  • 18
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    Large allochthonous sediment masses and their role in the construction of the continental slope and rise off southwestern Africa (1980)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 37 (3-4). pp. 333-354.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-12
    Description: Large Neogene slumps have affected over 260,000 km2 of the outer continental margin and adjacent Cape Basin off southwestern Africa. Individual structures cover areas up to 68,700 km2 and proximally are commonly composed of huge rotated sediment blocks up to 450 m thick and several kilometers across. Seismic shocks, possibly in conjunction with lower-slope undercutting by bottom-current erosion, are suggested as possible trigger mechanisms for these features which are all thought to be post-Pliocene (possibly Pleistocene) in age. Older slumps are also recognized along the margin and four cycles of sedimentation/slumping are identified: early Upper Cretaceous (I); late Upper Cretaceous (II); Palaeogene (III); and Neogene (IV). In the main part of the Orange Basin depocentre (west of Childs Bank) the Cretaceous slump styles are thought to represent Mississippi delta-type down-slope sediment cascades (with reverse faulting and mud diapirism) over 1 km thick which resulted from very rapid dumping of terrigenous material from the Orange River. Cainozoic slumps show a different tectonic style and locus and this is thought to reflect a change in sedimentation patterns which resulted from lower terrigenous input onto the margin, higher biogenic/authigenic sedimentation, and slowed crustal subsidence. A connection possibly exists between low sea level stands and the Cainozoic episodes of slumping.
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  • 19
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    Energy content of macrobenthic invertebrates: general conversion factors from weight to energy (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 117 (3). pp. 271-278.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: In ecological studies, especially in those dealing with energy circulation in nature, determinations of the energy content of organisms are inevitable. Energy determinations are, however, laborious and time-consuming. Average conversion factors based on different species form various areas and seasons may often be a shortcut for overcoming this problem. To establish general energy conversion factors for aquatic invertebrate groups, we used 376 values of J · mg−1 DW and 255 values of J · mg−1 AFDW, representing 308 and 229 species, respectively. The dry-weight-to-energy factors were highly variable both within and between taxonomic groups, e.g.: Porifera, 6.1 J · mg−1 DW; insect larvae, 22.4 J · mg−1 DW (median values). The energy-conversion factors related to AFDW showed a much smaller dispersion with a minimum median value of 19.7 J · mg−1 AFDW (Ascidiacea) and a maximum of 23.8 J · mg−1 AFDW (insect larvae). Within taxonomic groups, the 95% confidence intervals (AFDW) were only a few percent of the median values. The use of energy-conversion factors based on AFDW is preferable due to their lower dispersion. For aquatic macrobenthic invertebrates, a general conversion factor of 23 J · mg−1 AFDW can be used.
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  • 20
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    Sonostratigraphic records from equatorial atlantic deep-sea carbonates: Paleoceanographic and climatic relationships (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 83 . pp. 9-20.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-05
    Description: Paleoceanographic and stratigraphic methods, based on high-resolution compressional wave (p-wave) velocity measurements, have been applied to the studies of late Quaternary deep-sea carbonates in the western and eastern equatorial Atlantic. The measurements provide sonostratigraphic records in which changes in p-wave velocity parallel the changes from a glacial to an interglacial climate: Maxima in p-wave velocity (greater than 1540 m/s) occur during interglacial oxygen isotope stages 1, 5 and 7. Minima (1490 m/s) occur during glacial oxygen isotope stages 2, 4 and 6. Changes in p-wave velocity parallel past changes in carbonate accumulation and sediment coarse fraction, and allow a detailed core to core correlation. From these results two main patterns emerge: (1) In cores from shallower than 4300 m and from well above the present lysocline, large temporal changes in p-wave velocity parallel the production of planktonic foraminifera and the climatic history recorded in the sediments, and (2) below 4300 m, the position of the foraminiferal lysocline in the western equatorial Atlantic, large downcore p-wave velocity fluctuations gradually disappear due to dissolution of carbonate sediments. Dissolution also causes a distinct decrease in p-wave velocity and acoustic reflectivity in surface sediments across the present foraminiferal lysocline. Thus, past changes in the position of the foraminiferal lysocline or calcite compensation depth that caused distinct changes in reflectivity of sediments should lead to distinct reflectors within sediment columns. Their distribution can be utilized to map paleowater masses with different degrees of carbonate saturation.
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  • 21
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    Turbulent momentum and salt transport in the mixing zone of the Elbe estuary (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 28 (6). pp. 615-638.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-04
    Description: Measurements in the mixing zone of the Elbe estuary were performed during three consecutive tidal cycles with three types of instruments—a moored tripod with velocity and temperature/conductivity/light attenuation sensors, a profiling sonde with similar sensors lowered from an anchored vessel, and instrumented moorings. Acoustic-travel-time sensors were used for velocity measurements. Spectral analysis of 12·8 min pieces of the obtained time series gives results that are consistent with isotropic turbulence for part of the frequency space. Temporal changes of turbulent kinetic energy are correlated with tidal current velocity. A retardation is found between changes in tidal current and turbulent energy. Not all shear stress terms are in similar phase with tidal flow. Mean gradients, Reynolds stress terms, and turbulent salt flux terms are combined to determine eddy viscosity and eddy diffusion coefficients.
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  • 22
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    Hydrothermal silica chimney fields in the Galapagos Spreading Center at 86°W (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 89 (3-4). pp. 261-272.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-18
    Description: Silica chimneys were discovered in 1985 at 86°W in the rift valley of the Galapagos Spreading Center at 2600 m depth (“Cauliflower Garden”). The inactive chimneys lack any sulfides and consist almost entirely of amorphous silica (up to 96 wt.% SiO2, opal-A); Fe and Mn oxides are minor constituents. Oxygen isotope data show that formation of the silica chimneys took place at temperatures between 32°C (+29.9‰ δ18O) and 42°C (+27.8‰ δ18O).Th/Udating reveals a maximum age of 1440 ± 300y. Amorphous silica solubility relations indicate that the silica chimneys were formed by conductive cooling of pure hydrothermal fluids or by conductive cooling of a fluid/seawater mixture. Assuming equilibrium with quartz at 500 bars, initial fluid temperatures of more than 175°C (i.e., a concentration of 〉 182 ppm SiO2) were required to achieve sufficient supersaturation for the deposition of amorphous silica at 40°C and 260 bars. If the silica chimneys originate from the same or a similar fluid as higher-temperature ( 〈 300°C) sulfide-silica precipitates found nearby (i.e., 2.5 km away), then subsurface deposition of sulfides may have occurred.
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  • 23
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    Routing of meltwater from the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Younger Dryas cold episode (1989)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 341 (6240). pp. 318-321.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-16
    Description: ROOTH proposed that the Younger Dryas cold episode, which chilled the North Atlantic region from 11,000 to 10,000 yr BP, was initiated by a diversion of meltwater from the Mississippi drainage to the St Lawrence drainage system. The link between these events is postulated to be a turnoff, during the Younger Dryas cold episode, of the North Atlantic's conveyor-belt circulation system which currently supplies an enormous amount of heat to the atmosphere over the North Atlantic region2. This turnoff is attributed to a reduction in surface-water salinity, and hence also in density, of the waters in the region where North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) now forms. Here we present oxygen isotope and accelerator radiocarbon measurements on planktonic foraminifera from Orca Basin core EN32-PC4 which reveal a significant reduction in meltwater flow through the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico from about 11,200 to 10,000 radiocarbon years ago. This finding is consistent with the record for Lake Agassiz which indicates that the meltwater from the southwestern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet was diverted to the northern Atlantic Ocean through the St Lawrence valley during the interval from ~11,000 to 10,000 years before present (yr BP).
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  • 24
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    New evidence from the South China Sea for an abrupt termination of the last glacial period (1988)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 333 (6169). pp. 156-158.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: Abrupt changes in climatic conditions have been seen at high latitudes in the North Atlantic and the Antarctic at 13 kyr BP. It is important to determine whether this abrupt change was confined to high-latitude regions or whether it was global. Here we present results demonstrating an abrupt change in the rate and character of sedimentation in the South China Sea at the close of the last glacial period. Radiocarbon dating and its position in the oxygen isotope shift suggest that this change may be coincident with the changes found at high latitudes.
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  • 25
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    New evidence from the South China Sea for an abrupt termination of the last glacial period (1988)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 333 (6169). pp. 156-158.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-15
    Description: Abrupt changes in climatic conditions have been seen at high latitudes in the North Atlantic1 and the Antarctic2,3 at 13 kyr BP. It is important to determine whether this abrupt change was confined to high-latitude regions or whether it was global. Here we present results demonstrating an abrupt change in the rate and character of sedimentation in the South China Sea at the close of the last glacial period. Radiocarbon dating and its position in the oxygen isotope shift suggest that this change may be coincident with the changes found at high latitudes.
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  • 26
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    Magnesium in the marine sedimentary environment: Mg-NH4 ion exchange (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Chemical Geology, 70 (4). pp. 359-371.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: The release of exchangeable Mg in marine sediments from displacement by ammonium ions was estimated by way of experimentally determining the parameters that govern this ion-exchange equilibrium on solid geochemical phases: smectite, humic acid, illite and opal. We showed that: (a) both the conditional selectivity constant as well as the solid concentration are important parameters in determining the relative contribution of ammonium-exchangeable Mg from smectite, organic matter, illite and opal; and (b) that, except in the cases where opal or organic matter concentrations are very high, the clays are the dominant carrier phases for labile Mg which is exchangeable by ammonium. A model, based on the sum of the contributions from the major geochemical phases present in the sediment reliably predicts the amount of Mg released by exchange with ammonium in marine sediments.
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  • 27
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    Mg-NH4 exchange on humic acid: A radiotracer technique for conditional exchange constants in a seawater medium (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Chemical Geology, 70 (4). pp. 349-357.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: A radiotracer technique, employing 27Mg, is used to determine the Mg released by ammonium exchange on undis-solved humic acid in a seawater medium. This new method allows for the measurement of exchangeable Mg on the solid phase surface, which eliminates the problem caused by the high-Mg background in the seawater matrix. The precision calculated from the counting statistics is better than ±2%; the reproducibility among repeated counts ranged from ±1% to ±3%. The higher sensitivity of the method allows for monitoring the MgNH4 exchange at concentrations as low as 30 mM NH4. This is a major improvement relative to the data obtained with the analytical methods used so far, which allow detection of exchangeable Mg only at NH4 concentrations higher than 1 M. The lower experimental concentrations are more in accordance with the natural ammonium levels found in anoxic marine sediments. For the undissolved humic acid used in this experiment, the amount of exchangeable Mg in apparent equilibrium with an ammonium-free seawater matrix was found to be 96.6 ± 0.4 meq/100g. The Mg-NH4 exchange on humic acid in seawater comes to a steady-state value in 〈 18 min. The conditional equilibrium constant obtained for this reaction, Kcond = 0.039 ± 0.001 M−1. The technique can be expanded to other geochemical solid phases in seawater and it can be modified to study the behavior of the major cations by using 24Na, 42K and 49Ca.
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  • 28
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    A comparison of acoustic and rock-magnetic properties of equatorial Atlantic deep-sea sediments: paleoceanographic implications (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 94 (3-4). pp. 291-300.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-02
    Description: Compressional-wave (P-wave) velocities and magnetic susceptibilities were measured on gravity (GGC) and piston cores (PC) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 108 advanced piston cores (APC) from the equatorial Atlantic to test our hypothesis that climatically driven changes in terrigenous and biogenic fluxes, and in carbonate dissolution control the interrelationships between the two signals. In Pleistocene sediments deposited above the calcium compensation depth (CCD) we observed changes in P-wave velocity and magnetic susceptibility that are (1) inversely correlated, and (2) coherent to changes in glacial-interglacial climate. Glacials show low P-wave velocities and relatively high magnetic susceptibilities. In contrast, interglacials show high P-wave velocities and relatively low magnetic susceptibilities. These temporal changes in P-wave velocity and magnetic susceptibility reflect the climatic history recorded in the sediments and are related to: (1) the production of biogenic carbonate, mainly planktonic foraminifera, and (2) the terrigenous sediment supply that contains magnetic minerals. Below the CCD this pattern disappears and consistently low P-wave velocities and distinctly higher magnetic susceptibilities prevail. The distinct decrease of large P-wave velocity fluctuations is due to the dissolution of carbonate sediments which cause a distinct decrease in sand grain sizes and a consistently low carbonate content (〈 10%). Dilution of magnetic material by the carbonate fraction is minor and the high magnetic susceptibility values and the relatively high amplitude variations in magnetic susceptibility are due to changes in the magnetic mineral concentration of the terrigenous (non-carbonate) fraction. In early Pliocene sediments we also observed covarying velocity and magnetic susceptibility signals that may reflect a predominatly terrigenous control on sedimentation. Our preliminary results demonstrate that a combined use of non-destructive measurements of acoustic and rock-magnetic signals provides a potential paleoceanographic tool for characterizing: (1) glacial-interglacial pelagic sedimentation, (2) pelagic sedimentation above the CCD, (3) increases in carbonate dissolution, and (4) areas below the CCD. Furthermore, rock magnetic fluctuations in sediments below the CCD may provide an important stratigraphic tool for the deep carbonate-free basins of the world's oceans.
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  • 29
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    Geochemical and climatic effects of increased marine organic carbon burial at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary (1988)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 335 (6192). pp. 714-717.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-24
    Description: Perhaps the most significant event in the Cretaceous record of the carbon isotope composition of carbonate1,2, other than the 1–2.5 ‰ negative shift in the carbon isotope composition of calcareous plankton at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary3, is the rapid global positive excursion of ~2 ‰ (13C enrichment) which took place between ~91.5 Myr and 90.3 Myr (late Cenomanian to earliest Turonian (C/T boundary event))1,4,5. This excursion has been attributed to a change in the isotope composition of the marine total dissolved carbon (TDC) reservoir resulting from an increase in rate of burial of 13C-depleted organic carbon, which coincided with a major global rise in sea level5 during the so-called C/T oceanic anoxic event (OAE)6. Here we present new data, from nine localities, which demonstrate that a positive excursion in the carbon isotope composition of organic carbon at or near the C/T boundary7,8 is nearly synchronous with that for carbonate and is widespread throughout the Tethys and Atlantic basins (Fig. 1), as well as in more high-latitude epicontinental seas. The postulated increase in the rate of burial of organic carbon may have had a significant effect on CO2 and O2 concentrations in the oceans and atmosphere, and consequent effects on global climate and sedimentary facies.
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  • 30
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    Can the Greenland climatic jumps be identified in records from ocean and land? (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Research, 30 (1). pp. 1-6.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-15
    Description: Sharp jumps in climate punctuate the records from borings in the Greenland ice cap during the time interval 60,000 to about 20,000 yr ago. Rapid fluctuations are also seen in foraminifera records for cores from the northern Atlantic and in a pollen record from a core from a bog in the Vosges Mountains in France. In this paper we present a new radiocarbon chronology for northern Atlantic deep-sea core V23-81 which permits comparison with the radiocarbon-dated Vosges Mountains pollen record. Because of the lack of a 14C chronology for the Greenland ice record and of distortions peculiar to each of the three records, it is not yet possible to say whether or not the events are genetically related.
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  • 31
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    Compositions of deep-sea ash layers derived from north pacific volcanic arcs: variations in time and space (1980)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 7 (1-2). pp. 107-137.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-12
    Description: Glass separates from 115 ash layers derived from the Kamchatkan (DSDP Site 192; 34 layers), the eastern Aleutian (DSDP Site 183; 56 layers) and the Alaska Peninsula (DSDP Site 178; 25 layers) volcanic arcs have been analyzed for up to 28 elements. In addition, the abundance and diversity of associated mafic phenocrysts have been evaluated. The resulting data set has made possible an evaluation of the late Miocene to Recent changes in composition of ashes derived from North Pacific volcanic arcs and of the factors controlling the evolution of highly siliceous magmas. We find no evidence for a general transition from arc tholeiite to calc-alkalic magma parentage of ashes derived from the volcanic arcs during the last 10 m.y., but instead find 0.1- to 0.5-m.y. intervals during which particular types of volcanism are prevalent. Most convincing is the transition from arc tholeiite to calc-alkalic for ashes derived from Kamchatka during the last 0.8 m.y., a change believed to be associated with a landward shift in the site of magma generation. Considered together, ashes derived from North Pacific volcanic arcs have been becoming more siliceous during the last 1.5 m.y. and may be associated with accelerated subduction during the same time interval. Hydrous phenocrysts (e.g., biotite) are typically associated with low-silica deep-sea ashes, but not with terrestrial volcanic rocks of comparable silica contents, suggesting the important role of water in the evolution of siliceous magma. REE patterns and relative abundances of mafic phenocrysts demonstrate the importance of fractional crystallization in controlling the evolution of highly siliceous arc magmas. REE increase with increasing silica, but become less concentrated in ashes with SiO2 〉 64%. Eu anomalies increase throughout the SiO2 range. Initial fractionation is dominated by clinopyroxene and plagioclase with amphibole strongly influencing fractionation above 64% SiO2.
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  • 32
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    Design and function of closed seawater systems for culturing loliginid squids (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Aquacultural Engineering, 8 (1). pp. 47-65.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: The life cycle of loliginid squids has been completed in recirculating seawater systems. Two systems were required: a 2 m diameter circular culture tank (CT) with adjoining 2 m circular filter tank (3000 liters total volume of natural seawater) for culture of hatchlings, 1–60 days old; and a 6 × 2·6 × 1 m raceway culture tank (RW) with a smaller adjoining rectangular filter tank (14 850 liters total volume of artificial seawater) for the grow-out of adults. Both systems were equipped with temperature control apparatus, modular filter units (particle filters and activated carbon), foam fractionators, biological filters (crushed oyster shell) and UV sterilizers. The systems carried low bioloads, 〈 1·0 g/m3 and as high as 0·8 kg/m3, respectively. Water quality was excellent: NH4N was below 0·01 mg/liter in the CT and 0·10 mg/liter in the RW: NO2N was below 0·01 mg/liter in the CT and 0·03 mg/liter in the RW; NO3N was below 12 mg/liter in the CT and below 50 mg/liter in the RW; and pH was above 8·0 in both systems. The design of the systems proved to be behaviorally and physiologically suitable for squids and two species grew to adult size and produced viable young. These systems are compared to other squid maintenance and rearing systems and marine recirculating seawater systems.
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  • 33
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    Didemnin B: Comparative study and conformational approach in solution (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Tetrahedron, 45 (1). pp. 181-190.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-13
    Description: A comparative study of isodideimnine-1 and didemnin B is presented using spcctroecopic methods, partial degradation and partial synthesis. This leads to the conclusion of the presence of a single depsipeptide, namely didemnin B, with (3S,4R,5S) isostatine instead of the previous statine residue. An attempt to determine the whole conformation in solution of didemnin B by using 2D-NMR is also described.
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  • 34
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    Gold and native copper in supergene sulfides from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1988)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 333 (6168). pp. 64-66.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-25
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  • 35
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    The crustal structure along the POLAR Profile from seismic refraction investigations (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Tectonophysics, 162 (1-2). pp. 51-85.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-06
    Description: Seismic refraction investigations along a 440-km long profije on the northern Baltic Shield have resolved the crustal structure in this area of Archaean to Early Proterozoic lithosphere formation. The profile, called the POLAR Profile, extends approximately along a SW-NE-oriented line from the Karelian Province in northern Finland across the Lapland Granulite Belt and the Kola Peninsula Province to the Varanger Peninsula in northeastern Norway. At six shotpoints, large explosions (200–1680 kg), and at three shotpoints, small explosions (80 kg) were detonated and recorded at an average station spacing of 2 km, providing high-quality record sections. A two-dimensional cross section of the crust was obtained by forward modelling using ray-tracing techniques. High-velocity bodies are found in the upper crust related to the Karasjok-Kittilä Greenstone Belt and the Lapland Granulite Belt. They extend to a depth of 6–13 km. In the Karelian Province in the southwest, a low-velocity zone was found between the depths of 8 and 14 km. The middle crust shows a slight increase in the average velocities from the southwest to the northeast, and a small velocity jump is found along a mid-crustal boundary between 18 and 21 km. The thickness of the middle crust varies between 16 and 18 km. The lower crust and the crust-mantle boundary (Moho) show considerable lateral variation. The top of the lower crust lies between 26 and 33 km, while its thickness decreases from 21 km in the southwest to 10–14 km beneath the Lapland Granulite Belt and the Inari Terrain, reaching 20 km again in the extreme northeast. The velocities also change laterally. The thin lower crust is characterized by rather low velocities (6.8–6.9 km/s), whereas in the southwest and northeast the velocities (6.9–7.3 km/s) resemble more typical shield structures. The Moho is found at 47 km in the Karelian Province, rises to 40 km beneath the Lapland Granulite Belt and descends to 46 km in the northeastern part of the Kola Peninsula Province. The upper mantle velocities at the Moho range from 8.1 km/s in the region of the thin crust, to 8.5 km/s and more beneath the Karelian Province. It is tempting to suggest that the anomalous lower crust underlying the Lapland Granulite Belt and the Inari Terrain may represent the remnants of an Early Proterozoic back-arc basin that was active prior to the 2.0 to 1.9 Ga plate convergence event, during which the Lapland Granulite Belt was thrust onto the Archaean basement of the Karelian Province. Another explanation is to assume that the velocity reduction in the anomalous lower crust was caused by a rather pronounced uplift of this region following the 1.9-Ga collision event.
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  • 36
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    Subduction-induced pore fluid venting and the formation of authigenic carbonates along the cascadia continental margin: Implications for the global Ca-cycle (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 71 (1-2). pp. 97-118.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-06
    Description: Pore fluid venting associated with subduction-induced sediment deformation causes precipitation of calcium carbonate as prominent carbonate chimneys or cement in the accreted sediments across the active continental margin off Oregon and Washington. A depletion of interstitial Ca2+ with a maximum decrease of 50% relative to seawater Ca2+ over only 1.5m depth and reduction in porosity in the deformed sediments suggest that interstitial Ca2+ is removed to form calcium carbonate cement. In contrast, the pore waters of the undeformed abyssal plain sediments show no depletion in dissolved Ca2+. They are either enriched to a maximum of 5% or show no change in dissolved Ca2+. Here the background level of CaCO3 content in the sediment is only 0.1 to 1%. Calcium carbonate precipitation in the deformed sediments probably occurs as the result of upward migration and oxidation of biogenic methane and of the increase in carbonate saturation due to release of excess pore pressure during fluid venting. Upward advection of fluids at rates of 1–28 cm y−1 is predicted from diffusion-advection-reaction models applied to the downcore concentration profiles of dissolved Ca2+ and NH4+ in the tectonically-deformed sediments. The range of predicted flow rates is related to the type of calcium carbonate lithification; i.e. slow rates generate cement and fast rates generate chimneys. Carbonate mineral precipitation associated with pore fluid venting requires direct transfer of Ca2+ from the oceanic basement to the accretionary complex. Such a mechanism leads us to propose that the accretionary complexes of the global plate subduction zones are a major sink for crustal Ca2+. A global flux of crustal Ca2+ that is removed by carbonate mineral precipitation may be as muc3 as the hydrothermal Ca-input. This significant Ca-flux, not previously considered in the global geochemical budget, implies that pore fluid venting in subduction zones may also act as a global sink or source for other elements.
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  • 37
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    Cretaceous ocean crust at DSDP Sites 417 and 418: Carbon uptake from weathering versus loss by magmatic outgassing (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53 (11). pp. 3091-3094.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: Ocean crustal carbon uptake during seafloor alteration at DSDP Sites 417A, 417D, and 418A exceeds the estimated loss of carbon during magmatic ridge outgassing. If these sites are representative for oceanic crust in general, 2.2–2.9 × 1012 moles of carbon are removed from the oceans per year as a net flux of carbon between the oceanic crust and seawater. Although most of this carbon occurs as calcium carbonate, this ocean crustal carbonate probably cannot be considered part of the marine calcium carbonate sink since much of the Ca in these carbonates must be derived from basalt alteration that is not balanced by a concomitant uptake of seawater Mg. Our present estimate cannot be satisfactorily applied to global carbon budgets, because of uncertainties in the bulk budget of ocean floor alteration and because of the uniqueness of our estimate. Yet, our data document that the formation of ocean crust provides a significant sink for carbon that should be included in models of the global cycling of carbon. Furthermore, magmatic outgassing during ocean crust emplacement and seafloor basalt alteration may provide a buffering mechanism for atmospheric carbon.
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  • 38
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    Tectonic erosion at the front of the Japan Trench convergent margin (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Tectonophysics, 160 (1-4). pp. 75-90.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-13
    Description: The imaging of a multichannel seismic record was improved by reprocessing using pre-stack techniques. The reprocessed record shows structures that indicate tectonic erosion and gravity collapse at the front of the Japan Trench margin. Much of the lower slope appears to be underlain by a detached, coherent block of continental crust. The lower slope has failed by mass wasting and the resulting apron of slump debris at the base of the slope has become involved in thrust faulting at the front of the subduction zone. Slumping continues as long as debris is removed from the front of the margin by subduction, and the apron cannot build up sufficiently to stabilize the failing lower slope. Truncated beds at the base of the upper plate indicate subcrustal erosion as well, this probably being the main cause of massive subsidence of the margin. Subsidence was the cause of oversteepening, destabilization and subsequent gravity collapse of the leading edge of the upper plate.
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  • 39
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    Subglacial meltwater discharge in the open-marine tidewater glacier environment: Observations from Nordaustlandet, Svalbard Archipelago (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 86 (4). pp. 265-281.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-06
    Description: The ice-proximal environment of the Nordaustlandet tidewater ice cap, Svalbard Archipelago, is one of the best analogues for understanding glacial geologic processes of northern continental shelves during initial Pleistocene deglaciation. Investigations of the proglacial region in 1980–1983 showed that the sedimentary environment is dominated by numerous meltwater outflows which discharge sediment-laden water from subglacial meltwater streams during the summer. Two large, stable meltwater outflows were observed in embayments along the southern part of the ice front. Landsat images show that both outflows have been in approximately the same position since at least 1976. They are located at the intersection of glacial drainage basins and centered over depressions in the underlying bedrock. An “outflow valley” extending away from the ice front was observed in front of the western meltwater outflow. Sidescan sonar profiling along the glacier front showed a 200 m wide gap in acoustic reflection at the base of the western meltwater outflow, probably caused by meltwater effluence. Enhanced sediment accumulations in this region, observed as a ≈ 3 ms sediment drape in front of the outflow, and large arcuate ridges in the outflow valley, testify to the transport efficiency of the subglacial meltwater stream. Several mounds, up to about 25 m high and 200 m wide, are observed on sidescan and 3.5 kHz profiles directly in front of the outflow. Although samples from these structures are absent, they are most likely composed of sediment and are similar to beaded eskers observed in Pleistocene glacimarine sequences indicating locally very high sedimentation rates. Fine-grained components of the subglacial discharge incorporated in the buoyant meltwater plume are usually entrained in a westerly coastal current. Elevated suspended particulate material concentrations are observed within the coastal waters in a region extending about 15 km perpendicular to the glacier front and at least 60 km along the ice front extending into the northwestern Barents Sea.
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  • 40
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    The first fossil cephalopod statoliths to be described from Europe (1980)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 287 (5783). pp. 628-630.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-15
    Description: Statoliths of cephalopods are small, hard calcareous stones which lie within the cartilaginous skulls of octopods, sepioids and teuthoids1. Fossil statoliths, clearly belonging to genera which are alive today, have previously been described from 11 Cenozoic deposits spanning from the Eocene to the Pleistocene in North America2–5. Such statoliths are of particular interest because they provide a means of studying the evolution of living cephalopod groups which have no calcareous shells, including the cosmopolitan and numerous teuthoids and octopods. Here, the first cephalopod statoliths to be recognized in European deposits are described and identified as Loligo sp. They are compared with the North American fossil Loligo species and statoliths removed from the two living Loligo species of Europe.
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  • 41
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    Recent Studies on Spawning, Embryonic Development, and Hatching in the Cephalopoda (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Advances in Marine Biology, 25 . pp. 85-115.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-19
    Description: Cephalopods are exclusively marine molluscs and should be included among the organisms that are of general interest to marine biologists. As to experimental embryology, Naef has already stressed the suitability of cephalopod embryos for experimental work. The whole body of information accumulated in this field during the past half century since Naef published his monograph was reviewed by Marthy. This field of research is clearly underrated by many developmental biologists who could profit by the topological simplicity of the blastulation pattern in cephalopods, which contrasts with the spiralian mode of other molluscs. Questions raised by comparative/evolutionary embryology, following the tradition of descriptive developmental morphology, are truly stimulating to the field of experimental embryology, and vice versa. However, experimental studies are generally possible with only a limited number of models, which, in the case of cephalopods, appear to be embryos of medium to small size. On the other hand, some of the most intriguing questions in cephalopod biology are related to those forms that produce eggs of extremely large size. This chapter gives a brief overview of these recent studies placing them in the chronological sequence of embryogenesis. Studies covering early stages of embryonic development as well as later ones will be cited at least once in the section dealing with the earliest stage considered. Most of these investigations ultimately rest on the basic work by Naef.
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  • 42
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    Age and growth of loliginid squid Photololigo edulis (Hoyle, 1885) (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 116 (2). pp. 177-190.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-22
    Description: Age and growth were estimated on two brood stocks of a loliginid squid, Photololigo edulis (Hoyle), by examining growth increments within the statoliths from 773 specimens. Samples were collected from the northwestern coast of Kyushu, Japan, and the southwestern coast of the Sea of Japan between January 1983 and June 1984. Length and age data were fitted to logistic growth curves for each sex and brood, under the assumption that increments formed daily. Relationships between age and mantle length and the modelled growth curves showed that: the posthatch life span may be 〈 1 yr; growth rates vary considerably between individuals, especially in the second half of life; the average growth rate of the male was higher than that of the female in the warm-season brood, but almost the same in the cold-season brood. Because of the wide variation in the individual growth rate, it was presumed that warm- and cold-season broods were not genetically discrete populations.
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  • 43
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    Tectonic pattern of the Azores spreading centre and triple junction (1980)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 51 (2). pp. 415-434.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: The major tectonic elements of the Azores triple junction have been mapped using long-range side-scan sonar. The data enable the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis to be located with a precision of a few kilometres. Major faults and other tectonic and volcanic elements of the ridge maintain their regional trend of 010° to 020° past the triple junction area. There is no oblique spreading, and only minor transform offsets of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge occur here. The main effect of the triple junction or Azores hot spot is to diminish the amplitude of the median valley to 200 m or less. There is no axial high: a topographic high seen on several profiles is located to the east of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge spreading axis and does not appear to have any fundamental significance. The third arm of the triple junction includes the Azores srreading centre which appears to have developed as a series of en echelon rifted basins (the Terceira Rift) extending from Formigas Trough at 36.8°N, 24.5°W to a point near 39.3°N, 28.8°W. There are indications that recent activity in the spreading centre may be concentrated in a series of ridges which flank the older rifted basins. Until recently the northwest end of the Terceira Rift was connected to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis either directly at an RRR junction, or via a transform fault. The triple junction has probably moved south during the last 6 Ma to a positin on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 38.7°N. Initiation of the Azores spreading centre may have occurred during the 36 Ma B.P. rearrangement of poles, with an RFF triple junction north from the East Azores fracture zone to the North Azores fracture zone and transferring a wedge of European plate to the African plate. The tectonic elements revealed by this study are in good agreement with inferred earthquake mechanisms and with the RM2 plate tectonic model of Minster and Jordan, but east-west motion between North America and Africa does not seem to be compatible with the other motions at the triple junction unless it is of very recent (2〉3 Ma) origin.
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  • 44
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    Sedimentary facies of glacial-interglacial cycles in the Norwegian Sea during the last 350 ka (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 86 (4). pp. 283-319.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-06
    Description: Sediment fluxes were highest in the Norwegian Sea during late glacial/early deglacial periods, i.e., at oxygen isotope transition 43, below transition 65, at various levels within stage 6, and below stage 9. Dark diamictons deposited at these times reflect intense iceberg rafting in surface waters fed by surges along the front of the marine-based parts of the continental ice sheets in the southeastern sector of the Norwegian Sea. The high organic carbon content (0.5–1.3%) in these layers reflects input from erosion of terrigenious matter-rich sediments outcropping on the shelves. Partial oxidation of organic matter and decreased deep-water renewal may explain the strong carbonate dissolution observed during these periods. Interglacial environments were strongly variable throughout the last 350 ka. Circulation patterns of stage 5e best resemble modern conditions, while stage 7 and 9 sediments record a much weaker Norwegian Current.
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  • 45
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    Biochemical genetic studies on the Patagonian squid Loligo gahi d'Orbigny. I. Electrophoretic survey of genetic variability (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 126 (3). pp. 231-241.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-29
    Description: 19 samples (1189 individuals) of the commercially fished Patagonian squid Loligo gahi d'Orbigny were collected from Falkland waters between March 1987 and April 1988 and subjected to starch gel electrophoresis. 41 enzyme-coding loci were screened for polymorphism. Clearly resolved enzyme phenotypes were obtained at 21 loci of which six exhibited polymorphism (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, GOT-II, E.C. 2.6.1.1.; α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, α-GPDH, E.G. 1.1.1.8; isocitrate dehydrogenase, ICD, E.C. 1.1.1.42; malate dehydrogenase, MDH-II, E.G. 1.1.1.37; phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, PGD, E.C. 1.1.1.44; and phosphoglucose mutase, PGM, E.G. 2.7.5.1). Routine scoring at the 21 loci revealed moderate levels of genetic variability, with the proportion of polymorphic loci, P = 0.273, mean heterozygosities per locus = 0.0693, and the effective number of alleles, Ne, with values of 1.13–1.83.
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  • 46
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    Biochemical genetic studies on the Patagonian squid Loligo gahi d'Orbigny. II. Population structure in Falkland waters using isozymes, morphometrics and life history data (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 126 (3). pp. 243-258.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-29
    Description: Genetic population structure of the commercially fished Patagonian squid Loligo gahi d'Orbigny was examined by collecting 19 samples (1189 individuals) from Falkland waters between March 1987 and April 1988 and subjecting individuals to electrophoretic and morphometric analysis. Morphological features (dorsal mantle length, fin length oblique, fin width, interorbital width, tentacle length, length of arms I and II, and mid-mantle circumference), sex and stage of reproductive maturity (Lipinski's universal scale) were recorded prior to electrophoresis. Analyses of allele frequencies at six polymorphic loci provided no evidence of stock separation, and the frequency distribution of genotypic classes almost exclusively fitted Hardy-Weinberg expectations for a randomly interbreeding population. Nei's mean genetic distances and identities between samples ranged from 0.000–0.002 and 0.997–1.00, respectively, supporting the contention of a genetically homogeneous breeding unit. Multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in the morphometrics among certain samples collected at approximately the same time, especially of interorbital width, first arm length and fin width. This morphological differentiation was not correlated with differences at the genetic level. The frequency distribution of dorsal mantle length and stages of reproductive maturity through the year were compatible with two alternative interpretations of population structure: (i) the existence of two temporally distinct separate spawning populations, one autumn- and the other spring-spawning, or, (ii) that slow-growing or late spawned individuals spawn at 18 months old while most squid spawn at 1 yr old in the austral spring and summer. Although it is not possible to discount either interpretation unequivocally, the latter hypothesis of population structure is more congruent with existing genetic evidence.
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    Effects of microbe activity (1988)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 333 (6168). pp. 17-18.
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    Publication Date: 2019-05-06
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  • 48
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    Methane-derived CO2 in pore fluids expelled from the Oregon subduction zone (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 71 (1-2). pp. 119-136.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-07
    Description: Pore fluids extracted from near-surface sediments of the deformation front along the Oregon subduction zone have, in general, the dissolved nutrient pattern characteristic of bacterial sulfate reduction. However, in certain locations there are peculiar ammonium distributions and anomalously 13C-depleted dissolved ΣCO2. These carbon isotope and nutrient patterns are attributed to the concurrent microbially-mediated oxidation of sedimentary organic matter (POC) and methane (CH4) originating from depth. In contrast to the oxidation of sedimentary organic matter in the sulfate zone, utilization of methane as the carbon source by sulfate-reducing bacteria would generate only half as much total carbon dioxide for each mole of sulfate consumed and would not generate any dissolved ammonium. The isotopically light ΣCO2 released from methane oxidation depletes the total metabolic carbon dioxide pool. Therefore, NH4+, ΣCO2 and δ13C of interstitial carbon dioxide in these pore fluids distintcly reflect the combined contributions of each of the two carbon substrates undergoing mineralization; i.e. methane and sedimentary organic matter. By appropriately partitioning the nutrient and substrate relationships, we calculate that in the area of the marginal ridge of the Oregon subduction zone as much as 30% of the ΣCO2 in pore fluids may result from methane oxidation. The calculation also predicts that the carbon isotope signature of the carbon dioxide derived from methane is between −35‰ and −63‰ PDB. Such an isotopically light gas generated from within the accretionary complex could be the residue of a biogenic methane pool. Fluid advection is required to carry such methane from depth to the present near-surface sediments. This mechanism is consistent with large-scale, tectonically-induced fluid transport envisioned for accreted sediments of the world's convergent plate boundaries.
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  • 49
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    The Ultrastructure of Skeletogenesis in Hermatypic Corals (1980)
    Elsevier
    In:  International Review of Cytology, 67 . pp. 171-214.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-29
    Description: This chapter discusses coral skeletogenesis, focusing on the morphology of the skeletogenic tissues. It reviews the light and electron microscope studies carried out in this regard, illustrating the example of the morphology of the skeletogenic tissues of the coral Pocillopora damicornis. A structural organic matrix is present in the adult skeleton of Pocillopora damicornis. One component of this structural matrix is present transiently at the growth surface of the skeleton. It consists of individual sheaths enveloping each forming aragonite crystal. These crystal sheaths, plus some small extracellular vesicles that are presumed to represent a precursor for the sheaths, are together implicated in the hypotheses for coral calcification. The hypotheses fall into the following three broad categories: (1) algal removal of possible inhibitory substances; (2) a general stimulatory effect of algal metabolism; and (3) algal contribution to a skeletal organic matrix.
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