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  • Articles  (9)
  • 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects
  • kinetics
  • Springer  (9)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Copernicus
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • 1975-1979  (9)
  • 1979  (9)
Collection
  • Articles  (9)
Publisher
  • Springer  (9)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Copernicus
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Years
  • 1975-1979  (9)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 77-88 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: BaTiO3 ; kinetics ; solid state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The solid-state reaction between barium carbonate and rutile powders to form barium metatitanate BaTiO3 was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, X rays, and microscopy. Phase-stability domains were drawn in a temperature— $${\text{p}}_{CO_2 } $$ , diagram. The dependence of the reaction kinetics on $${\text{p}}_{CO_2 } $$ , $${\text{p}}_{O_2 } $$ or $${\text{p}}_{N_2 } $$ is discussed. In particular, the rate continuously decreases when $${\text{p}}_{CO_2 } $$ , or $${\text{p}}_{N_2 } $$ increases, but it reaches a maximum as a function of $${\text{p}}_{O_2 } $$ .
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 283-298 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; surface alloys ; Fe-Cr alloys ; iron ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation behavior of several surface and bulk Fe-Cr alloys and iron at 300°C and 4×10−6 Torr oxygen was studied. The surface alloys were fabricated by implantation of 25 keV Cr ions into the outermost 300Å of polycrystalline iron samples. The oxide thickness as a function of oxygen exposure was obtained using proton-excited X-ray analysis, and composition profiles of oxide films were obtained using Auger electron spectroscopy and ion sputtering. The addition of Cr to Fe by surface and bulk alloying caused the oxidation rate to decrease and changed the oxidation kinetics from parabolic (for Fe) to logarithmic (for Cr concentrations ≥4.7at.%). Interpretation of the data in terms of simple oxidation theories indicates that the Cr additions may reduce the oxidation rate by altering the electronic properties of the metal-oxide interface.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 255-272 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; Fe-C ; graphite deposition ; nonadherent oxide ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of Fe-C alloys containing 0.5 and 1.0% C was studied in 1 atm O2 at 700° C. The oxidation rate is considerably slower than for pure Fe. The oxide scale formed is detached, multilayered, and overoxidized, containing little or no FeO. A thin film of graphite was identified at the metal-oxide interface by electron diffraction. It is proposed that the slow oxidation and abnormal scale are caused by a residue of graphite left at the metal surface from the oxidation of Fe3C. This inhibition of the oxidation of Fe by carbon at 700°C is in contrast to the stimulation observed at 500°C.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 301-309 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: NiO ; Electrical conductivity ; gas-solid equilibria ; kinetics ; equivalent circuit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In a previous work it has been stated that the NiO electrical conductivity changes connected to the oxygen pressure changes may be considered as a transitory phenomenon. A mixed kinetics case controlled by the formation of surface cation vacancies and their diffusion in the bulk is proposed to explain the reaction process. By means of an equivalent electrical circuit in good agreement with the kinetics model it was possible to reproduce the experimental phenomenon.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 481-504 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: kinetics ; sulfidation ; Fe-Cr-Al alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of aluminium on the kinetics and mechanism of high-temperature sulfidation of Fe-Cr alloys containing 20 at.% chromium has been investigated. It has been found that the addition of aluminum greatly improves the scaling resistance of Fe-Cr alloys against attack by sulfur vapors at high temperatures.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 437-456 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Fe-Cr ; oxidation ; kinetics ; oxide morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Ferritic polycrystalline Fe-24 wt.% Cr was oxidized in pure oxygen at 190 ≤ T≤490° C and pressures in the range 5.3×10−2–13.3 Pa for periods of up to 5 hr. The reaction proceeded in three stages. An initial period of accelerating rate was accompanied by oxide island nucleation and growth. Following island coalescence the rate was approximately logarithmic at low temperatures and somewhat slower than parabolic at high temperatures. Rate control during this period was thought to be due to mass transport through the oxide grain boundaries left by the island impingement process. During these first two stages the oxide formed was γ-M2O3 with possibly some spinel. The final stage of reaction involved the appearance of α-M2O3 on the outer oxide surface and a substantial slowing of the oxidation rate due to the low diffusivity in this phase.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 89-104 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: BaTiO3 ; kinetics ; solid state ; mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The authors propose a mechanism for the solid-solid reaction BaCO3+ TiO2→BaTiO3+CO2. This mechanism is based on the real structure of the present semiconductors. The reactions at different interfaces and the diffusing species are identified. The reaction rates are calculated and the dependence of the reaction rate upon O2, N2, and CO2 gas pressure is interpreted and discussed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 119-158 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: nickel-chromium alloys ; oxidation ; high temperature ; kinetics ; mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of binary Ni-Cr alloys containing 44 and 50 wt. % Cr has been studied over a range of oxygen partial pressures at temperatures between 800 and 1100°C. The effects of cold work, surface preparation, and distribution of the Cr-rich second phase have been studied. The oxidation behavior is complex and cannot be described by a single model. The oxide grows by short-circuit diffusion as well as bulk transport through Cr 2 O 3 scales. The scale-growth mechanism includes extensive metal-oxide separation requiring Cr vapor transport to the scale, compressive stresses within the oxide which result in scale bulging and cracking, and the formation of a second oxide layer which results in voids being incorporated into the scale. Any factor which reduces the oxide grain size, such as cold work, finer distribution of the Cr-rich α phase or reduced oxygen pressure, results in an increased oxidation rate of binary alloys because of an increased number of grain-boundary short-circuit diffusion paths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 7 (1979), S. 557-578 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: kinetics ; enzyme induction ; drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Equations were derived to describe the time course of drug levels during auto- and heteroinduction under a variety of input conditions. These equations were based on a pharmacokinetic theory of induction which assumes that metabolic clearance increases exponentially to a maximum value and that the rate of this increase is governed by the degradation rate constant of the induced enzyme (k′). Closed form solutions could be obtained only for intravenous single-dose (case I) and multiple-dose (case IV) administration. For each of the other cases, constant-rate intravenous infusion (case III), oral single-dose administration (case II), and multiple-dose administration (case V), an exact solution (not closed form) and an approximation (closed form) were derived. Two sets of equations were derived for each of the five cases to take into consideration the possibility of a latency term (λ).Plots of drug amount X(or concentration C) vs. time (t) were constructed. In case I, a log Xvs. tplot was convex, the slope increasing with time. In case II, Xincreased,reached a peak, and decayed as in case I. In case III (λ 〉 5In 2V/Q) Creached a preinduction steady state before decreasing to a lower (induced) steady state. When λ=0, Creached a maximum before decreasing to the same induced steady state. The behavior of Cvs. tfor cases IV and V was similar to that for case III. Determination of parameters was attempted in case III. Nonlinear least-square fitting of generated data with 3–9% error yielded reasonable estimates of k′.
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