ALBERT

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 80-October 81. - II. Planned Activities, October 81-October 82. - References.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research of the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Station. - Field Activities 1974-1979. - Planned Activities 1979/80. - References.

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Laboratory measurements Sample sources Ultrasonic velocity measurements Effects of inclined drilling at Byrd Station Results Byrd Station Little America V Summary and conclusions Literature cited

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature I. Introduction II. A constitutive law for snow and balance principles III. Compatibility laws and jump equations for stress waves IV. Steady shock waves in snow V. Comparison of steady-wave theory with experimental results VI. A numerical solution to the nonsteady wave problem VII. Jump equations for nonsteady shock waves VIII. Reduced jump equations Discussion and conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Theory Experimental apparatus and procedure Results Discussion Concluding remarks Selected bibliography Appendix A. Mosotti type field on core of cylindrical cavity

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Obiectives and procedures Ground electrical resistivity in permafrost regions Electromagnetic techniques General Magnetic induction method Surface impedance fradiowave method Direct current method General description of field sites Results Site 1 CRREL permafrost station, Fairbanks, Alaska Site 2 Planned road cut for Steese Highway near Fox, Alaska Site 3 Relic floodplain near Fairbanks, Alaska Site 4 Pingos, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska Site 5 Ice wedges, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska Comparisons between the surface impedance and magnetic induction methods Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Discussion of the depth of sensitivity of the magnetic induction method using two- and three-layer apparent resistivity curves

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The experiment Results Maps of completely frozen North Slope lakes Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Historical review Model selection Traction Resistance Slush and thawing soils Ice, hard-packed snow, packed snow River and lake ice Model use Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Abbreviations Conversion factors Summary Introduction Background Site characterization Climate Purpose Materials and methods General Moose Creek Dam site Tanana Levee site Sampling and measurement Abiotic controls on vegetation Meteorological data Soil moisture as a limiting factor Soil chemical analysis Vegetation growth and survival Moose Creek Dam site Tanana Levee site Biomass by species Roof penetration Seedling density of invading woody species Weeds Supplemental observations Sediment loss Sludge and runoff-water composition Cost analysis Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: 1977 grass growth on 1977 dam treatments Appendix B: 1978 grass growth on 1977 dam treatments Appendix C: 1979 grass growth on 1977 dam treatments Appendix D: Grass growth on 1978 dam treatments Appendix E: 1977, 1978, and 1979 survival of willow treatments Appendix F: Grass growth on Tanana levee treatments Appendix C: Chemical analysis of sludge and runoff water

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Experimental method Substrate preparation Experimental configuration Radiometric measurements Snow characterization Reflectance standards Data analysis Reflectance measurements Snow replica analysis Discussion of results Comparative reflectance of various substrates under snow Ablation of a snow cover Reflectance from a very light, fresh snow cover Measurements at angles other than vertical Reflectance from substrates Concluding observations Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Data tabulation and collection Air temperatures 11-reezing degree-days Water temperatures Closing and opening dates Results Air temperature Freezing degree-days Water temperatures Analysis: Attempted methods of predicting ice formation Predicting air temperatures 8Summer water temperatures Fall water temperatures and freezing degree-days Wind speed influence on closing of the lake Water temperature vs surface air temperature analysis Prediction of ice-out dates Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Freezing degree-day curves with ice notations and watertemperature notations Appendix B. Summary

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Description of test site Test results Method of analysis Results of analysis Change in resilient deflection due to thawing, A Recovery time after onset of thawing, t20 Discussion of results Change in resilient deflection due to thawing, A. Recovery time after thawing, t20 Conclusions Literature cited ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Pavement deflection and frost penetration vs time Data points and regression line for A and t2 0 versus F Data points and regression line for A and t2 0 versus W Data points and regression line for A and t2 0 versus I Data points and regression line for A and t20 versus N Data points and regression line for A and t20 versus D Data points and regression line for t20 versus A Permeability vs void ratio for the Toledo Penn 7 material TABLES Properties of test sections Test results from Scrivner et al Results of regression analysis

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion factors Summary Introduction Description of shelter Test procedures and results Mobility Ease of erecting and striking Therinal efficiency and performance Heat output Electrical system Habitation Safety features Water system Shelter reliability Structure Performance of other shelters Conclusions Future studies Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The western Arctic of North America The continental shelf of Newfoundland and Labrador Burial depth for pipes and cables Degree of protection offered by burial Environmental impact Trenching the beach and the shallows in the western Arctic Trenching beyond the shallows Suction, or hydraulic, dredging Bottom-t raveling cutterhead dredges Plows Rippers Water jets Subsea disc saws and wheel ditchers Subsea ladder trenchers and chain saws Subsea routers and slot millers Bucket ladder trenchers Vibratory and percussive devices Hard rock excavation under water Control and monitoring of subsea machines Vessels and vehicles Trenching from the sea ice Costs of subsea trenching Reference Appendix: Description of waters off Alaska and Newfoundland

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Methods of analysis Marine seismic records Seismic sub-bottom profiles Results and discussion Distribution of hyperbolic reflections Hyperbolas on oil exploration records Hyperbolas on sub-bottom profiles Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Hyperbola projector

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Revegetation procedures 1975-1978 construction seasons Willow cutting program Visual impact engineering program Selected terrain disturbances Fuel gas line and snowpads Island Lake and oil line snowpads Oil spills and revegetation CRREL restoration sites Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: List of sites observed during 1975 Appendix B: Annotated photographs of permanent revegetation observation sites-1975-1978 Appendix C: Photographic record of fuel gas line observation sites

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Objectives and procedures Theory and instrumentation Radio frequency interferometry Case 1: Homogeneous ground model Case 2: Two-layer ground model RFI instrumentation Low frequency methods Point Barrow sites Results and discussion Site 1: Tundra Site 2: Beach ridge Site 3: Marsh Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Discussion of low-frequency geophysical methods

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 1978 , lnhal tsverzeichnis Verzeichnis der Abbildungen Verzeichnis der tabellarischen Übersichten 1. Einleitung 1.1 Terminologische Fragen 2. Die bisherige Diskussion um die Definition des Periglaziarbegriffes 3. Einführung in die Problematik und Schwerpunkte dieser Untersuchung 3.1 Unterschiedliche Definitionsansätze 3.2 Das Problem aus geographischer Sicht 3.3 Das Problem aus palaoqeographisch-geologischer Sicht 3.4 Schwerpunkte und Arbeitsweise der weiteren Untersuchung 4. Die Einflußnahme periglaziärer Milieufaktoren im Überblick 4.1 Direkt- und indirekt-klimatische Steuerungsfaktoren 4.2 Aklimatische Steuerunqsfaktoren 5. Klimatische und geographische Bodenqefrornistypen 5.1 Dauerfrostboden mit jahreszeitlicher Auftauschicht 5.1.1 Terminologische Fragen und die räumliche Gliederung des Dauerfrostbodens 5.1.2 Die thermische Vertikalqliederung des oberflächennahen Dauerfrostbodens 5.1.3 Zur Verbreitung und klimatischen Abgrenzung des Dauerfrostbodens 5.2 Jahreszeitliche Bodengefrornis 5.3 Tageszeitliche und kurzperiodische Bodengefrornis 5.4 Kammeis 6. Analyse der Bildung, Verbreitung und Differenzierunq wichtiger rezenter Periglaziarerscheinungen und Bewertung ihrer Verwendbarkeit als Definitionskriterien des Periglaziärs 6.1 Periglaziäre Prozesse und periglaziäre Formen im engeren Sinne (Periglaziäre Mikroformung) 6.1.1 Formen der Bodenmusterung ohne Detritussortierung (Texturböden) 6.1.1.1 Kongelikontraktionsformen mit Spalteneis (Eiskeilpolygone) 6.1.1.2 Kongelikontraktionsformen ohne Spalteneis (Sandkeilpolygone) 6.1.1.3 Frostspaltenmakropolygone und Mollisolfrostkeile 6.1.1.4 Spaltenmikropolygone ('Zellenböden') 6.1.1.5 Erdbülten (Thufur) 6.1.1.6 Nichtsortierte Feinerdekreise (Mudpits) 6.1. 2 Frost- und Eishügelformen 6.1.2.1 Saisonale Frosthügel 6.1.2.2 Palsas 6.1.2.3 Pingos und pingoähnliche Formen 6.1.3 Strangmoore 6.1.4 Formen der Bodenmusterung mit Detritussortierung (Strukturböden) 6.1.5 Periglaziär-denudative Prozesse und Formen im engeren Sinne - Kleinformen der Gelisolifluktion 6.1. 5.1 Erscheinungen der amorphen Gelisolifluktion 6.1.5.2 Kleinformen der differenzierten Gelisolifluktion 6.1.5.3 Zusammenfassung und Ergebnisse 6.1.6 Blockgletscher 6.1.7 Vorgänge und Formen der Nivation und Kryoplanation 6.1.8 Dauerfrostboden-Degradation und Depergelationsformen 6.1.8.1 Depergelationsformen infolge vertikaler Dauerfrostboden-Degradation 6.1.8.2 Depergelationsformen infolge lateraler Dauerfrostboden-Degradation 6.2 Periglaziäre Prozesse und Formen im weiteren Sinne (Periglaziäre Meso- und Makroformung) 6.3 Zusammenfassung der klimageomorphologischen Leitformenwerte 7. Zur räumlichen Abgrenzung und regionalen Differenzierung der periglaziären Zone und Höhenstufe - planetarischer und hypsometrischer Wandel der periglaziären Formung 7.1 Grundlagen und Kriterienl der räumlichen Abgrenzung des Periglaziärs 7.2 Kriterien der regionalen Differenzierung des Periglaziärs 7.3 Die Abgrenzung und regionale Differenzierung der periglaziären Zone 7.3.1 Subpolar-ozeanisches Periglaziär 7.3.1.1 Subpolar-hochozeanisches Periglaziär 7.3.2 Subpolar-kontinentales Periqlaziär (subpolares Subperiglaziär) 7.3.3 Polares Periglaziär 7.3.3.1 Polares Tundrenperiglaziär 7.3.3.2 Polares Frostschuttperiglaziär 7.3.4 Hochpolares Frostschuttperiglaziär und antarktisches Periglaziär 7.3.5 Hochkontinentales Boreal-Periglaziär 7.3.6 Zusammenfassung und Ergebnisse 7.4 Abgrenzung, Untergrenzverlauf und hypsometrische Differenzierung der periglaziären Höherstufe 7.4.1 Subpolar-periglaziäre Höhenstufe 7.4.2 Mediolatitudinal-periglaziäre Höhenstufe 7.4.3 Zur Frage einer periglaziären Höhenstufe in den Sub- und Randtropen 7.4.4 Tropisch-periglaziäre Höhenstufe 7.4.5 Zusammenfassung 8. Zusammenfassung und Ergebnisse Summary Literaturverzeichnis , Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Криолитологические особенности отложений малых рек в Центральной Якутии / Е.Г. Катасонова, Х.Г. Зигерт Минералообразование в области вечной мерзлоты / Х.Г. Зигерт Криогенное строение склоновых отложений на севере Среднесибирского плоскогорья / В.В. Куницкий Перелетки и основные типы сезонвомерзлых пород / Е.А. Втюрина Особенности прибрежно-шельфовой криолитозоны / А.И. Фартышев Многолетние экстремумы отрицательной температуры грунтов сезоннопротаивающего слоя в Центральной Якутии / П.А. Соловъев, Л.П. Голубых Интенсивность сезонного промерзания почвогрунтов в Заилийском Алатау / Э.В. Северский, М. В. Попов Теплопроводность крупнообломочных грунтов в горах Северного Тянь-Шаня / А. А. Мандаров Тепловой баланс крупного озера и прилегающей территории в Центральной Якутии / А.В. Павлов, М.И. Тишин Геотермические параметры Уренгойского месторождения / А.И. Левченко Теплофизические свойства многолетнемерзлых пород Мастахского месторождения газа / Н.Р. Колушев, В.Т. Балобаев, Р.И. Гаврилъев О некоторых особенностях поведения температурного и электрического поля ПС вблиаи нижней границы мерзлоты в терригенных толщах / В.О. Володько Геотермия вмещающих пород карьера "Мир" (Западная Якутия) / В.Н. Девяткин, Р.И. Гаврилъев Геотермические условия бассейна рек Курунг-Юрях и Хатат (Западная Якутия) / В.Н. Девяткин Тепловой баланс орошаемых посевов кормовых культур в Центральной Якутии / П.Н. Скрябин, О.И. Алексеева Расчет промерзания намывно й насыпи и ее основания / Н.И. Вотякова , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents: A snow cover in the region of Fiord Hornsund on Spitsbergen / J. Pereyma. - Temperature rations in summer on the Waldemar Glacier and on the Waldemar sea lowland / G. Wójcik, K. Marciniak, R. Przybylak. - Precipitation and evaporation in Werenskiold Glacier district / A. Szczepankiewicz-Szmyrka. - Biometeorological conditions on the Werenskiold Glacier forefield in summer of 1980 / A. Szczepankiewicz-Szmyrka. - Some notes on wind directions in the West Spitsbergen in 1980 / K. Gerstmann. - Radar measurements of the thickness of the Werenskiold Glacier / R. Czajkowski - The analysis of movements of the Werenskiold Glacier based on dating of fossil moss / H. Chmal - Increase in the mass of the firn snow in the glacial amphiteatre of the Penck Glacier in the period 1934 to 1958 / C. Lipert - Some automatic systems to collect and transmission stored data using various radio-links / J. Molski. - Würm and Holocene glaciations of North-Western Sörkappland exemplified by the Slakli Valley, Spitsbergen / P. Kłysz, L. Lindner. - The marine origin of Lisbetdalen mezorelief SW Spitsbergen / W. Stankowski - Raised marine terraces of Kulmstranda North-Western Sörkappland / P. Kłysz, L. Lindner - The geomorphological sketch map of the Gåsdalen region, South Spitsbergen / J. Jania, Z. Lentowicz, T. Szczypek, J. Wach. - Last deglaciation of Treskelen Peninsula, Hornsund, Svalbard / L. Marks. - The recession of Vitkovski Glacier as recorded in its marginal zone / L. Andrzejewski, w. Stankowski. - Degradation processes on the end moraine of the Werenskiold Glacier / J. Cegła, J. Kida. - Studies of the dessication crack on the forefield of the Werenskiold Glacier / J. Cegła. - The beginning and evolution of the marginal outwash on the forefield of the Eliza Glacier / A. Olazewski. K. Sendobry. - Summer thawing of the ground in the Kaffiöyra, SW Spitsbergen / K. Marciniak, W. Szczepanik, R. Przybylak - Morphology and sedimentary environments of the Baszkara ·and Dzankuat Glaciers in the High Kaukas / A. Karczewski, A. Kostrzewski,P. W. Kowalew. - Stratigraphic position and remarks on sedimentation of the Brentskardhaugen Bed, Spitsbergen / A. Wierzbowski, G. Biernat, C. Kulicki. - Some remarks concerning the structure of groups of the bottom fauna of the Admiralty Bay - King George Island, South Shetland / P. Presler, K. Jażdżewski·, W. Jurasz, W. Kittel, J. Siciński. - Biological indexes of the hydrological conditions - observations from Hornsund region, Spitsbergen / J. M. Węsławski. - The habitability of the littoraly rocks in region Steinvika and Hyttevika Bays, Vestspitsbergen / O. Różycki, M. Gruszczynski. - Some aspects of the acoustical estimation of the krill abundance / M. Brzozowska. - Liberation of carbon dioxide from tundra soils / H. Dziadowiec. - Exploration in the Hornsundfiord region / J. Szupryczyński. - , In polnischer Sprache

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Chapter 1. Introduction Field site Historical background Chapter 2. Characteristics of the debris and ice Characteristics of the facies and subfacies Basal zone Characteristics of the debris Discussion Chapter 3. Oxygen isotope analysis Sampling and analysis Results Discussion Chapter 4. Depositional processes—till formation Methods of analysis Environmental setting Till formation Chapter 5. Depositional processes—resedimentation Sediment flows Other resedimentation processes Resedimentation process relationships Chapter 6. Process distribution, sediment dispersal and depositional patterns Physical characteristics Sediment dispersal Sedimentary facies Patterns of terminus sedimentation Chapter 7. Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Operational concepts A. Warping tug system B. Chain ferry system C. Chain ferry with auxiliary barge D. Ski tow system E. Dual winch warping system F. Simple kedging G. Trailing-line system H. Above-surface dual winch system I. Pulley systems J. Chain ferry plow Crushing resistance of fragmented ice covers Resistance to ship passage by broken ice Crushing resistance at the bow Tangential friction at the bow Hull friction aft of the bow section Total ship resistance from brash ice Comparison of ship thrust and ice resistance Force requirements for a warping or kedging system Tow cable requirements Anchors and anchorages Force and power requirements for winches and windlasses Pickup or transfer of cable General appraisal Literature cited

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Techniques and sampling Observations Crystal alignments “Odd” sites Causes Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Current observations

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Experimental procedure Description of roofs Meteorological data Procedure Analysis General Temperature profiles Temperature rankings Heat flow Snow depths and meltwater volumes Degree of icing Results and conclusions General Temperature profiles of the roofs Comparative temperatures of roofs by section — rankings Heat flow and accumulation Snow depth, coverage, and meltwater Degree of icing Discussion of the icing problem Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Laboratory studies General Elmendorf AFB silty clay Fairbanks silt Field studies Elmendorf AFB MESL Ft. Wainwright MESL Traffic use Elmendorf AFB MESL Ft. Wainwright MESL Performance observations Elmendorf AFB MESL Ft. Wainwright MESL Conclusions Elmendorf AFB MESL Ft. Wainwright MESL General Literature cited Appendix A. The MESL concept Appendix B. Classification, compaction, freezing and CBR test results for Fairbanks silt

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Density, thermal expansion and compressibility of ice Density Thermal expansion Compressibility Density changes in snow Compaction Destructive metamorphism Constructive metamorphism Melt metamorphism Regelation Thermal properties of snow and fresh-water ice Heat capacity of snow and ice Latent heat Thermal conductivity of ice Thermal conductivity of snow Effective thermal diffusivity Heat transfer by water vapor diffusion in snow Heat and vapor transfer with forced convection Thermal properties of sea ice Specific heat of sea ice Heat of fusion of sea ice when 0° 〉 θ 〉 -8.2°C Density and thermal conductivity of sea ice Composition and air bubble content of sea ice above -8.2°C Thermal conductivity model for sea ice Thermal diffusivity of sea ice Method of determining thermal diffusivity Summary Literature cited

Note: Table of Contents Introduction N. J. Price and K. R. McClay https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.01 What is a Thrust? What is a Nappe? J. G. Dennis, R. A. Price, J. K. Sales, R. Hatcher, A. W. Bally, W. J. Perry, H. P. Laubscher, R. E. Williams, D. Elliott, D. K. Norris, D. W. Hutton, T. Emmett, and K. R. McClay https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.02 I. Mechanics of Thrusts and Nappes Thoughts on the tectonics of folded belts A. W. Bally https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.03 Pore pressure, discontinuities, isostasy and overthrusts P. E. Gretener https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.04 Gravitational gliding in deltas G. Mandl and W. Crans https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.05 Thrust sheet deformation at a ramp: summary and extensions of an earlier model D. V. Wiltschko https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.06 Deformation and secondary faulting near the leading edge of a thrust fault D. A. Rodgers and W. D. Rizer https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.07 Mechanical model of thrust sheet gliding and imbrication G. Mandl and G. K. Shippam https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.08 The rock mechanics of thrust and nappe formation S. A. F. Murrell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.09 Subduction and coeval thrust belts, with particular reference to North America A. G. Smith https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.10 The role of gravity in orogenic belts H. Ramberg https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.11 II. Rock Products of Thrusting Dynamic analysis of a small imbricate thrust and related structures, Front Ranges, Southern Canadian Rocky Mountains J. H. Spang and S. P. Brown https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.12 The microfabric of calcite tectonites from the Helvetic Nappes (Swiss Alps) S. M. Schmid, M. Casey, and J. Starkey https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.13 Very low grade metamorphism with a reverse gradient induced by an overthrust in Haute-Savoie (France) J. Aprahamian and J.-L. Pairis https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.14 Saline horizons acting as thrust planes along the southern margin of the Damara Orogen (Namibia/SW-Africa) H. J. Behr, H. Ahrendt, A. Schmidt, and K. Weber https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.15 Sliding and other deformation mechanisms in a glacier of salt, S Iran C. J. Talbot https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.16 The Caledonides of northern Norway: relation between preferred orientation of quartz lattice, strain and translation of the nappes A.-M. Boullier and J.-M. Quenardel https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.17 Structure and distribution of fault rocks in the Alpine Fault Zone, New Zealand R. H. Sibson, S. H. White, and B. K. Atkinson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.18 Uplift rates and thermal structure in the Alpine Fault Zone and Alpine Schists, Southern Alps, New Zealand C. J. Adams https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.19 III. Thrust and Nappe Regimes. A. ‘The Old World’ Caledonides The internal geometry of nappes: criteria for models of emplacement M. A. Cooper https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.20 The strain profile above a major thrust fault, Finnmark, N Norway N. J. Milton and G. D. Williams https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.21 The Moine Thrust Zone: an overview K. R. McClay and M. P. Coward https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.22 Tectonic slides in the Caledonides D. H. W. Hutton https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.23 Estimation of the rate and amount of absolute lateral shortening in an orogen using diachronism and strike slipped segments W. E. A. Phillips https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.24 Strain within thrust sheets M. P. Coward and J. H. Kim https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.25 III. Thrust and Nappe Regimes. A. ‘The Old World’ Alpine Tectonics of the Helvetic Nappes J. G. Ramsay https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.26 The 3D propagation of décollement in the Jura H. P. Laubscher https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.27 Fold-and-thrust tectonics in the Helvetic Nappes (E Switzerland) O. A. Pfiffner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.28 Some observations on the development of thrust faults in the Ultradauphinois Zone, French Alps A. Beach https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.29 Gravity sliding in the Maritime Alps R. H. Graham https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.30 III. Thrust and Nappe Regimes. A. ‘The Old World’ Eurasia Sutures, thrusts and nappes in the Variscan Arc of western Europe: plate tectonic implications Ph. Matte and J. P. Burg https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.31 Wrench related thrusting along a Mesozoic-Cenozoic continental margin: Antalya Complex, SW Turkey N. H. Woodcock and A. H. F. Robertson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.32 Thrust and strike slip fault interaction along the Chaman transform zone, Pakistan R. D. Lawrence and R. S. Yeats S. H. Khan, A. Farah, and K. A. DeJong https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.33 Active thrusting and the evolution of the Zagros fold belt J. A. Jackson and T. J. Fitch D. P. McKenzie https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.34 An overview of thrusts and nappes of western Himalaya V. C. Thakur https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.35 Ambiguity in interpretation of seismic data from modern convergent margins: an example from the IPOD Japan Trench transect R. von Huene, M. Arthur, and B. Carson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.36 Geometrical problems and implications of large scale over-thrusting in the Banda Arc -Australian margin collision zone M. G. Audley-Charles https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.37 Neogene thrust emplacement from a frontal arc in New Guinea J. Milsom https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.38 IV. Thrust and Nappe Regimes. B. ‘The New World’ The Americas The Cordilleran foreland thrust and fold belt in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains R. A. Price https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.39 The nature and significance of large ‘blind’ thrusts within the northern Rocky Mountains of Canada R. I. Thompson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.40 Metamorphic complex of SE Canadian Cordillera and relationship to foreland thrusting R. L. Brown https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.41 Thrust nappes in the Rocky Mountain Foothills near Mountain Park, Alberta H. A. K. Charlesworth and W. E. Kilby https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.42 Deformational styles in two Mesozoic fault zones, western Washington, USA D. S. Cowan and R. B. Miller https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.43 Thrusts and nappes in the North American Appalachian Orogen R. D. Hatcher, Jr. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.44 COCORP seismic reflection profiling across thrust faults J. A. Brewer, F. A. Cook, L. D. Brown, J. E. Oliver, S. Kaufman, and D. S. Albaugh https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.45 Mechanisms for basement shortening in the Andean foreland fold belt of southern South America Margaret A. Winslow https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.46

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Особенности седиментогенеза на континентальных окраинах океанов и во внутренних морях / Ф. А. Щербаков Строение плиоцен-четвертичной толщи дна Баренцева моря на разрезе полуостров Рыбачий - острова Земля Франца-Иосифа / А. И. Блажчишин, Т. И. Линькова, О. В. Кириллов, Е. П. Шкатов К палеогеографии Баренцева моря в позднеледниковье и голоцене / Б. Н. Котенев Эволюция осадконакопления в прибрежных районах Баренцева и Белого морей в поздне- и послеледниковое время / В. Я. Евзеров Стратиграфия верхнечетвертичных отложений северной части Белого моря / Р. Н. Джиноридзе, Е. А. Кириенко, Л. В. Калугина, А. Е. Рыбалко, М. А. Спиридонов, Е. А. Спиридонова Палинологический и диатомовый анализ донных отложений Балтийского моря / Г. И. Клейменова, В. И. Хомутова, Е. М. Вишневская Стратиграфия позднечетвертичных отложений Черного моря / Ф. А. Щербаков, Е. В. Коренева, Э. К. Забелина Палеогеография Черноморского бассейна в позднечетвертичное время по данным палинологического анализа глубоководных отложений / А. В. Комаров Особенности седиментогенеза в морских подводных каньонах кавказского шельфа Черного моря / К. И. Джанджгава Об изменении биопродуктивности вод Черного моря в голоцене / Н. М. Андреева, Б. Н. Котенев, Л. Н. Розов Закономерности формирования и распределения водно-физических свойств глубоководных осадков Черного моря / В. А. Емельянов, А. Ю. Митропольский Геологическая история Керченского пролива в позднечетвертичное время / Е. Ф. Шнюков, В. М. Аленкин, А. В. Григорьев, А. Л. Путь, Н. А. Ломаев Отражение глубинных структур в морских четвертичных отложениях центральной части Азовского моря / В. Н. Семененко, О. Г. Сиденко Марганцеворудный процесс в позднем антропогене Азово-Черноморского бассейна / Г. Н. Орловский Палеоклиматы, водный баланс и уровни Черного и Каспийского морей в позднем плейстоцене-голоцене / И. Г. Авенариус Гипотетическая климатическая кривая основных этапов осадконакопления Каспийского моря в позднем плейстоцене / В.К Шкатова Процессы седиментогенеза в море Леванта / А. А. Мусса, А. Ю. Митропольский Петрографо-минералогическая характеристика современных отложений Бенгальского залива и Андаманского моря / Д. Е. Гершанович, А. И. Конюхов, И. А.Назаревич Терригенно-минералогические провинции прибрежно-шельфовой зоны Западного Индостана / О. К. Тареева Морфотектоника материкового побережья юга Дальнего Востока и морские трансгрессии позднего плейстоцена-голоцена / А. П. Кулаков Последние этапы голоценовой трансгрессии в бассейнах Японского и Охотского морей / А. М. Короткий, П. Ф. Бровко, И. И. Задкова, В. С. Пушкарь, И. Г. Шахгельдян Основные черты геологического строения шельфа и материкового склона Японского моря у побережья СССР / И. И. Берсенев, И. К. Пущин Четвертичные отложения шельфа Южного приморья на примере залива Петра Великого (Японское море) / Ю. Д. Марков Позднеnлейстоценовые бассейны Юго-Западной Камчатки и их связь с неотектоническими движениями / Р. Б. Крапивнер Криолитозона арктического шельфа Азии / З. Н. Антипина, Ф. Э. Арэ, В. В. Войченко, E. H. Молочушкин Опыт количественной оценки голоценовых тектонических движений в области шельфа / Н. Н. Дунаев Об использовании метода измерения магнитной восприимчивости морских осадков для восстановления условий их формирования на шельфе / Ю. В. Кочемасов , Translation of Table of Contents Features of sedimentogenesis on the continental margins of the oceans and in inland seas / F. A. Shcherbakov Structure of the Pliocene-Quaternary strata of the Barents Sea bottom in the section of the Rybachy Peninsula - Franz Josef Land Islands / A. I. Blazhchishin, T. I. Linkova, O. V. Kirillov, E. P. Shkatov On the paleogeography of the Barents Sea in the Late Glacial and Holocene / B. N. Kotenev Evolution of sedimentation in the coastal areas of the Barents and White Seas in late and post-glacial times / V. Ya. Evzerov Stratigraphy of Upper Quaternary sediments of the northern part of the White Sea / R. N. Dzhinoridze, E. A. Kiriyenko, L. V. Kalugina, A. E. Rybalko, M. A. Spiridonov, E. A. Spiridonova Palynological and diatom analysis of bottom sediments of the Baltic Sea / G. I. Kleimenova, V. I. Khomutova, E. M. Vishnevskaya Stratigraphy of Late Quaternary sediments of the Black Sea / F. A. Shcherbakov, E. V. Koreneva, E. K. Zabelina Paleogeography of the Black Sea basin in the late Quaternary according to palynological analysis of deep-sea sediments / A. V. Komarov Features of sedimentogenesis in marine underwater canyons of the Caucasian shelf of the Black Sea / K. I. Dzhandzhgava On changes in the bioproductivity of the Black Sea waters in the Holocene / N. M. Andreeva, B. N. Kotenev, L. N. Rozov Regularities of formation and distribution of water-physical properties of deep-sea sediments of the Black Sea / V. A. Emelyanov, A. Yu. Mitropolsky Geological history of the Kerch Strait in the late Quaternary / E. F. Shnyukov, V. M. Alenkin, A. V. Grigoriev, A. L. Put, N. A. Lomaev Reflection of deep structures in marine Quaternary sediments of the central part of the Azov Sea / V. N. Semenenko, O. G. Sidenko Manganese ore process in the late Anthropogene of the Azov-Black Sea basin / G. N. Orlovsky Paleoclimates, water balance and levels of the Black and Caspian Seas in the Late Pleistocene-Holocene / I. G. Avenarius Hypothetical climate curve of the main stages of sedimentation of the Caspian Sea in the Late Pleistocene / V.K Shkatova Processes of sedimentogenesis in the Levant Sea / A. A. Mussa, A. Yu. Mitropolsky Petrographic-mineralogical characteristics of modern sediments of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea / D. E. Gershanovich, A. I. Konyukhov, I. A. Nazarevich Terrigenous-mineralogical provinces of the coastal-shelf zone of Western Hindustan / O. K. Tareeva Morphotectonics of the continental coast of the south of the Far East and marine transgressions of the late Pleistocene-Holocene / A. P. Kulakov The last stages of the Holocene transgression in the basins of the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk / A. M. Korotkiy, P. F. Brovko, I. I. Zadkova, V. S. Pushkar, I. G. Shakhgeldyan Main features of the geological structure of the shelf and continental slope of the Sea of Japan off the coast of the USSR / I. I. Bersenev, I. K. Pushchin Quaternary sediments of the Southern Primorye shelf using the example of Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan) / Yu. D. Markov Late Leistocene basins of Southwestern Kamchatka and their connection with neotectonic movements / R. B. Krapivner Cryolithozone of the Arctic shelf of Asia / Z. N. Antipina, F. E. Are, V. V. Voichenko, E. H. Molochushkin Experience in quantitative assessment of Holocene tectonic movements in the shelf area / N. N. Dunaev On the use of the method of measuring the magnetic susceptibility of marine sediments to restore the conditions of their formation on the shelf / Yu. V. Kochemasov , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Translation of Table of Contents On the composition and age of Paleozoic sediments from the Luginetskaya 170 well (Tomsk region) / O. I. Bogush, V. I. Bidzhakov, V. N. Dubatolov, V. M. Zadorozhny, N. M. Zaslavskaya, G. D. Isaev, V. L. Klishevich, V. I. Krasnov, T. A. Moskalenko, L. S. Ratanov, M. V. Stepanova, V. G. Khromykh, L. I. Sheshegova, O. V. Yuferev Devonian foraminiferal complexes of the Pudinsky megaswell (Tomsk region) / O. V. Yuferev, O. I. Bogush, V. M. Zadorozhny, V. I. Krasnov, L. S. Ratanov, G. D. Isaev New genus of Devonian foraminifera / V. I. Chuvashov, O. V. Yuferev New Devonian foraminifera from the family Parathuramminidae / V. M. Zadorozhny, O. V. Yuferev Stromatoporates and their distribution in sediments penetrated by the Luginetskaya 170 well / V. G. Khromykh Devon region of Cheremshanki (Altai Mountains) / L. M. Aksenova, O. I. Bogush, Yu. A. Dubatolova, V. N. Dubatolov, V. M. Zadorozhny, E. N. Polenova, A. A. Puzyrev, N. Ya. Spassky, O. V. Yuferev Polygonograptidae familia nova (systematics, stratigraphic and geographical distribution) / A. M. Obut, N. V. Sennikov Foraminifera of the Middle Devonian of the eastern slope of the Urals / L. G. Petrova Limestones of the Koltubai Formation of the Southern Urals / B. I. Chuvashov, O. V. Yuferev The importance of foraminifera for the identification of Frasnian deposits in the oil-bearing Paleozoic of the southeastern part of the Western Siberian Plate / V. M. Zadorozhny On non-marine bivalves of the Ekibastuz basin / G. G. Aksenova, O. A. Betekhtina, M. Ya. Tokareva On the issue of systematics of paraturammin / V. M. Zadorozhny, O. V. Yuferev Photo tables and explanations for them , СОДЕРЛЖАНИЕ О составе и возрасте отложений палеозоя скважины Лугинецкая 170 (Томская область) / О. И. Богуш, В. И. Биджаков, В. Н . Дубатолов, В. М. Задорожный, Н. М. Заславская, Г. Д. Исаев, В. Л. Клишевич, В. И. Краснов, Т. А. Москаленко, Л. С. Ратанов , М. В. Степанова, В. Г. Хромых, Л. И. Шешегова , О. В. Юферев Комплексы девонских фораминифер Пудинского мегавала (Томская область) / О. В. Юферев, О. И. Богуш, В. М. Задорожный, В. И. Краснов, Л. С. Ратанов, Г. Д. Исаев Новый род девонских фораминифер / В. И. Чувашов, О. В. Юферев Новые девонские фораминиферы из семейства Parathuramminidae / В. М. Задорожный, О. В. Юферев Строматопораты и их распределение в отложениях, вскрытых скважиной Лугинецкая 170 / В. Г. Хромых Девон района Черемшанки (Горный Алтай) / Л. М. Аксенова, О. И. Богуш, Ю. А. Дубатолова, В. Н. Дубатолов, В. М. Задорожный, Е. Н. Поленова, А. А. Пузырев, Н. Я. Спасский, О. В. Юферев Polygonograptidae familia nova (систематика, стратиграфическое и географическое распространение) / А. М. Обут, Н. В. Сенников Фораминиферы среднего девона восточного склона Урала / Л. Г. Петрова Известняки колтубаиской свиты Южного Урала / Б. И. Чувашов, О. В. Юферев Значение фораминифер для выделения франских отложений в нефтеносном палеозое юго-восточной части 3ападно-Сибирской плиты / В. М. Задорожный О неморских двустворках Экибастузского бассейна / Г. Г. Аксенова, О. А. Бетехтина, М. Я. Токарева К вопросу о систематике паратураммин / В. М. Задорожный, О. В. Юферев Фототаблицы и объяснения к ним , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Bonn, Univ., Diplomarbeit, 1979

Note: Contents: The role of atmospheric circulation in the formation of air temperature anomalies on climatic scale in the Arctic / A. I. Voskresensky, A. A. Girs. - Some features of contemporary climatic variations in the Arctic / A. N. Lyubarsky, L. S. Petrov. - Structure of long-term variations of the snowless period in the Soviet Arctic / E. I. Aleksandrov, N. N. Briazgin, A. N. Lyubarsky. - Seasonal display of turbulent heat transfer in the Arctic Ocean / K. I. Chukanin. - Nature of causal relationship between the polar ice and the thermal conditions in the atmosphere / V. F. Zakharov. - Climate modelling and polar regions / A. I. Voskresensky, A. P. Nagurny. - Climatic change forecasting and polar regions / A. P. Nagurny. - Some features of the present evolution of the Arctic ice sheet / V. F. Zakharov, A. A. Kirillov. - Determination of the synchronous climate variation regions by the method of expansion in natural orthogonal functions (by example of the northern area of Ob' river basin) / E. I. Aleksandrov, N. N. Briazgin, A. N. Lyubarsky. - Climatic variations in the northern areas of Ob' and Yenisey river basins and in Karskoye more (Kara Sea) during the last decades / L. S. Petrov, V. V. Subbotin. , In kyrill. Schr.