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  • Articles  (379)
  • Engineering General  (257)
  • Female  (122)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (379)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1978  (379)
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  • Articles  (379)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (379)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 101
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    Infertility: promising new treatments (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 13;202(4364):200-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/694526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bromocriptine/therapeutic use ; Clomiphene/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility/psychology/*therapy ; Infertility, Female/etiology ; Male ; Ovulation ; Prolactin/blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 102
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    Binding of benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxides to DNA, RNA, and protein of mouse skin occurs with high stereoselectivity (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: The formation, stereostructure, and cellular reactions of the 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide metabolites of the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene have been examined after topical application of benzo[a]pyrene to the skin of mice. In this known target tissue, polymer adducts from diastereomeric diol epoxides, (+)-(7S, 8R, 9R, 10R) and (+)-(7R, 8S, 9R, 10R), were formed stereospecifically from their corresponding 7,8-dihydrodiols. Both diol epoxides bind with proteins, RNA, and DNA in vivo. For the nucleic acids, binding occurs preferentially at the 2-amino group of guanine in cellular RNA and DNA in vivo. Methods for establishing the structure of the cellular adducts as well as the possible biological implications of their formation are discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koreeda, M -- Moore, P D -- Wislocki, P G -- Levin, W -- Yagi, H -- Jerina, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):778-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzopyrenes/*metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DNA/*metabolism ; Epoxy Compounds/metabolism ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Conformation ; Proteins/*metabolism ; RNA/*metabolism ; Skin/*metabolism ; Stereoisomerism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 103
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    Emission of maternal pheromone (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leon, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 8;201(4359):938-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bile/metabolism ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Hormones/*metabolism ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 104
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    Sympathetic nervous control of cerebrospinal fluid production from the choroid plexus (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-14
    Description: The rabbit choroid plexus, responsible for the bulk production of cerebrospinal fluid, is well supplied by sympathetic nerves emanating in the superior cervical ganglia. Electrical stimulation of these nerves markedly reduces production of cerebrospinal fluid, measured by [14C] inulin dilution during ventricular perfusion, whereas sympathetic denervation enhances the rate of formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lindvall, M -- Edvinsson, L -- Owman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 14;201(4351):176-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic Fibers/physiology ; Animals ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/*secretion ; Choroid Plexus/cytology/*physiology ; Epithelium/secretion ; Female ; Ganglia, Autonomic/physiology ; Male ; Neural Pathways/cytology ; Rabbits ; Sympathetic Nervous System/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 105
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    Estrogenic activity of the insecticide kepone on the chicken oviduct (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-28
    Description: Kepone induces ovalbumin and conalbumin synthesis in explants of chick oviduct in vitro by acting as a weak estrogen. It binds to the nuclear estrogen receptor and is antagonized by the antiestrogen tamoxifen. Kepone also induces egg white protein synthesis in vivo by direct interaction with estrogen receptors and by indirectly increasing the concentration of progesterone in the serum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmiter, R D -- Mulvihill, E R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 28;201(4353):356-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/78523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chickens ; Chlordecone/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Conalbumin/biosynthesis ; Estradiol/metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insecticides/*pharmacology ; Ovalbumin/biosynthesis ; Oviducts/*drug effects/metabolism ; Progesterone/blood ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 106
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    Gene dosage compensation and the evolution of sex chromosomes (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-17
    Description: Dosage compensation is a mechanism by means of which the activity of X-linked or Z-linked genes is made equal in the two sexes of organisms with an XX compared to XY or ZZ compared to ZW basis of sex determination. In mammals, compensation is achieved by the inactivation of one X chromosome in somatic cells of females. In Drosophila, compensation does not involve inactivation. The two X chromosomes in females as well as the single X in males are regulated, and individual genes are thought to respond independently to the regulatory mechanism. It is proposed that in both groups of organisms the evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes was gradual and occurred as the direct result of the evolution of dosage compensation rather than the reverse.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lucchesi, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 17;202(4369):711-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Drosophila/*genetics ; Female ; Genes, Regulator ; Genetic Linkage ; Haploidy ; Male ; Mammals/physiology ; Sex Chromosomes/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 107
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    Postprandial changes in the exhalation rate of radon produced in vivo (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: The rate of exhalation of radon by persons with long-standing radium burdens increases about twofold shortly after a meal. The increase is short-lived and "normal" values are regained in 1.5 to 2 hours. The effect may account in part for the poor reproducibility in estimates of the freely emanating part of the radium content.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rundo, J -- Markun, F -- Sha, J Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1211-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Breath Tests ; Circadian Rhythm ; *Eating ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Radium/*metabolism ; Radon/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 108
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    3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in cerebrospinal fluid and vanillylmandelic acid in urine of humans with hypertension (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) was measured in lumbar spinal fluid of 20 subjects with hypertension of varied etiology and severity. There was a significant correlation between the concentration of MHPG and the severity of hypertension. However, changes in the concentration of vanillylmandelic acid in the urine of these subjects were insignificant. In six subjects, administration of clonidine or alpha-methyldopa, two centrally acting antihypertensive drugs, was associated with a significant lowering of MHPG concentrations. These data support the hypothesis that central catecholamines are involved in clinical hypertension.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saran, R K -- Sahuja, R C -- Gupta, N N -- Hasan, M -- Bhargava, K P -- Shanker, K -- Kishor, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):317-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Clonidine/pharmacology ; Female ; Glycols/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Humans ; Hypertension/*metabolism ; Male ; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Methyldopa/pharmacology ; Vanilmandelic Acid/*urine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 109
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    Serum lipoprotein concentrations in cystic fibrosis (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: Two major classes of lipoproteins, low density and high density, are decreased in the serum of patients with cystic fibrosis; major apoproteins are also decreased. Since essential fatty acids and certain fat-soluble vitamins depend on lipoproteins for transport in the serum, knowledge of lipoprotein levels in cystic fibrosis patients could prove valuable in understanding (i) the basis for the abnormally low serum levels of these fatty acids and vitamins and (ii) the effects of therapies involving these molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vaughan, W J -- Lindgren, F T -- Whalen, J B -- Abraham, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):783-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/203033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Carrier State/blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cystic Fibrosis/*blood ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoproteins/*blood ; Lipoproteins, HDL/blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood ; Male
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 110
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    Fasting decreases triiodothyronine receptor capacity (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-10
    Description: Fasting decreases the ratio of hepatic nuclear to serum triiodothyronine (T3) by diminishing the binding capacity of nuclear T3 receptors. In combination with the lower serum T3 concentration caused by fasting, the decrease in receptor content results in a marked decrease in nuclear T3-receptor complexes. The changes in T3 receptor content and circulating T3 in fasted animals appear to be independent synergistic adaptations for caloric conservation in the fasted state. Unlike changes in hormonal level, the modification of nuclear receptor content provides a mechanism that may protect cells with a low caloric reserve independently of the metabolic status of the whole animal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schussler, G C -- Orlando, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 10;199(4329):686-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; *Fasting ; Female ; Kinetics ; Liver/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Triiodothyronine/blood/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 111
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    Preferential utilization of free cholesterol from high-density lipoproteins for biliary cholesterol secretion in man (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: High- and low-density lipoproteins carrying free cholesterol labeled with 3H or 14C were administered to a patient with a bile fistula. The free cholesterol from high-density lipoproteins was more rapidly incorporated into biliary cholesterol than the free cholesterol from low-density lipoproteins. These findings show that the liver in man selectively utilizes and secretes the free cholesterol from a particular lipoprotein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, C C -- Halloran, L G -- Vlahcevic, Z R -- Gregory, D H -- Swell, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):62-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Bile/*metabolism ; Cholesterol/blood/*metabolism ; Coronary Disease/metabolism ; Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, HDL/*metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL/*metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 112
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    Rifampicin inhibition of protein synthesis in mammalian cells (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-28
    Description: Rifampicin produces a dose-dependent decrease in protein synthesis in rat thymocytes. At concentrations up to 200 micrograms per milliliter, rifampicin does not alter rat thymic transcription. Rifampicin causes a direct inhibition of protein synthesis in rat thymic and hepatic microsomes, and in cadaveric human hepatic microsomes. Protein synthesis inhibition could explain the toxicity of rifampicin in man.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buss, W C -- Morgan, R -- Guttmann, J -- Barela, T -- Stalter, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 28;200(4340):432-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/644307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Depression, Chemical ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Liver/*drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Rats ; Rifampin/*pharmacology ; Thymus Gland/*drug effects/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 113
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    Nutrition, population, and health: some implications for policy (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winikoff, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 26;200(4344):895-902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/644332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavior/physiology ; Birth Rate ; Breast Feeding ; Female ; Food Supply ; *Health ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Milk, Human ; Nutrition Disorders/mortality/physiopathology ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; *Population Dynamics ; Pregnancy ; Public Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 114
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    Synchronies in mental development: an epigenetic perspective (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-01
    Description: Early mental development is analyzed from an evolutionary viewpoint and related to the dynamic interplay of genetic programming, maturational status, and environmental influence. Data are reported from a large sample of twins and siblings who have been tested longitudinally from 3 months to 6 years of age. Monozygotic twins became increasingly concordant with age and also paralleled each other for the spurts and lags in development. Dizygotic twins became less concordant with age and eventually matched their singleton siblings as closely as one another. The overall results suggested that the course of mental development is guided by the intrinsic scheduling of the genetic program acting in concert with maturational status and environmental influence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, R S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 1;202(4371):939-48.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/568822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavior/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Environment ; Female ; Genes ; *Growth ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intelligence ; Mental Processes/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; *Twins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 115
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    Human serial learning: enhancement with arecholine and choline impairment with scopolamine (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-21
    Description: Arecholine (4 milligrams), a cholinergic agonist, and choline (10 grams), a precursor of acetylcholine, significantly enhanced serial learning in normal human subjects. The subjects received methscopolamine prior to both arecholine and placebo injections. Conversely, scopolamine (0.5 milligram), a cholinergic antagonist, impaired learning and this impairment was reversed by arecholine and choline and the impairment after scopolamine were inversely proportional to the subject's performance on placebo; that is, "poor" performers were more vulnerable to both the enhancing effect of cholinergic agonist and precursor and the impairment after cholinergic antagonist than "good" performers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sitaram, N -- Weingartner, H -- Gillin, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 21;201(4352):274-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/351808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/physiology ; Adult ; Arecoline/*pharmacology ; Choline/*pharmacology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/*drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 116
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    New smallpox case seems lab-caused (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wade, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 8;201(4359):893.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cross Infection/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Laboratory Infection/*etiology ; Smallpox/*etiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 117
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    Genetic method for the preferential elimination of females of anopheles albimanus (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-16
    Description: Recent field experiments demonstrated the possibility of using the sterile male method for the control of Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann, the most important vector of human malaria in Central America. Until now there was no practical method for excluding females from the releases of sterile males. A genetic method was developed for the preferential elimination of females during any of the four life stages. This genetic sexing system utilizes propoxur (o-isopropoxyphenyl methyl-carbamate) susceptibility as a recessive conditional lethal a T(Y:2R) translocation, and an In(2R)inversion. The propoxur resistance allele (dominant) was linked to the Y chromosome via a radiation-induced translocation, and genetic recombination was suppressed by inversions. In one of the strains produced, 99.7 percent of the females are eliminated when treated with propoxur, without male loss.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seawright, J A -- Kaiser, P E -- Dame, D A -- Lofgren, C S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 16;200(4347):1303-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anopheles/drug effects/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Infertility, Male ; Insect Control/*methods ; Male ; Mutation ; Pest Control, Biological/methods ; Propoxur/pharmacology ; Sex Chromosomes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 118
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    Silicon identification in prosthesis-associated fibrous capsules (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-27
    Description: The use of correlated microscopic techniques, including the scanning electron microscopic modes of backscattered electron imaging and energy dispersive x-ray analysis, aid in defining the process of dispersion of silicon-containing material around silicone rubber (polydimethylsiloxane) prosthetic devices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickham, M G -- Rudolph, R -- Abraham, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 27;199(4327):437-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/619466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast/*metabolism/surgery/ultrastructure ; *Dimethylpolysiloxanes/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants/*adverse effects ; Silicon/*metabolism ; *Silicones/metabolism ; Vacuoles/metabolism ; Wound Healing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Agency drags its feet on warning to pregnant women (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):748-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcoholic Beverages/*adverse effects ; *Drug Labeling ; Female ; Humans ; *Pregnancy ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Corticosterone concentrations in the mouse (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spackman, D H -- Riley, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):87.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Circadian Rhythm ; Corticosterone/*blood ; Female ; Mice/*blood ; Pregnancy ; Radioimmunoassay
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Drosophila egg chambers develop to mature eggs when cultured in vivo (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-10
    Description: Egg chambers were injected into the abdomen of adult Drosophila. When cultured in this manner, even the earliest detectable developmental stage developed into fully mature eggs. Both isolated egg chambers and those still associated with ovarian structures developed equally well. Maturation occurred within host flies of both sexes in the absence of any hormone treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Srdic, Z -- Jacobs-Lorena, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 10;202(4368):641-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/100884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Male ; Oocytes/cytology ; *Oogenesis ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Ovary/*physiology/transplantation ; Time Factors ; Transplantation, Homologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Pyrazole-induced thyroid necrosis: a distinct organ lesion (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: One oral dose of pyrazole caused necrosis of rat thyroid follicular epithelial cells but spared the parafollicular (C) cells and the parathyroid glands. Serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were significantly decreased on day 3 after pyrazole administration and were immeasurable on day 5. At day 5 the thyroid was enlarged and the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the serum was increased, indicating an appropriate pituitary response to a primary lesion in the thyroid. Doses of pyrazole which produced no morphologic change in the thyroids also significantly depressed the concentrations of T4 and T3 in the serum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szabo, S -- Horbath, E -- Kovacs, K -- Larsen, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1209-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Necrosis ; Pyrazoles/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Thyroid Gland/*drug effects/pathology ; Thyroid Hormones/blood ; Thyrotropin/blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Closed form elastic-plastic stiffness matrix for axisymmetric finite elements (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 59-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This note presents the closed form equations for the stiffness terms in the elastic-plastic stiffness matrix for axisymmetric finite elements. The element considered is a triangular ring element characterized by linear displacement relationships and an averaged state of stress. The physical law is modelled by the incremental theory of plasticity utilizing the Prandtl-Reuss flow rule and von-Mises Yield Criterion. Results are presented comparing stiffness terms as computed by numerical integration to those computed from the closed form equations. Significant errors in stiffness terms arising from numerical integration are observed for axisymmetric elements located near the line of axial symmetry as a result of the logarithmic nature of some of the stiffness terms.
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    Certain properties of numerical schemes used to solve the blade-to-blade flow problem (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The compressible potential flow on a blade-to-blade surface of a turbomachine is analysed using the Thomas algorithm. The numerical properties of resulting non-linear simultaneous equations are studied with respect to grid aspect ratios and convergence. The heuristic approach has established which are the important factors that affect the flow solution in typical blade-to-blade configurations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Modification to the Suhara-Fukuda method of network generation (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 93-99 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This note describes improvements to the Suhara-Fukuda method for generating a triangular finite element network. These are based on the use of a node generation procedure which distributes nodes is a regular pattern across the network area and is sufficiently flexible to permit any variation in element density. Because of the regular node distribution, poorly shaped elements will not arise and so the procedure for connecting the nodes to form elements can be simplified. Examples of networks generaed in this way are given.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Discussion of a paper by E. O. FrindInt. J. num. Meth. Engng, 945-962 (1977). (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 183-185 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In a recent paper, Dr. Frind has formulated a two-dimensional isoparametric finite element based upon the Hermite bicubic interpolation scheme. The present discussion focuses upon certain simplifications in the derivation which appear to have diminished the accuracy of the resulting element, and suggests a simpler approach to the element formulation. This author agrees strongly with Dr. Frind's recommendation of the Hermite parametric element as an efficient and useful tool for general field problems; the present comments are offered to point out that, in fact, the accuracy comparisons presented by Dr. Frind are biased against the Hermite finite element.
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    Masthead (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620120201
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    A least squares finite element approach to unsteady gas dynamics (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1-10 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical technique for solving unsteady gas dynamic equations is presented. The technique is based on least squares finite element concepts with elements that are constructed in both space and time. Both linear and quadratic interpolation is used on individual elements. The technique is tested against a problem whose solution is known so that numerical accuracy can be ascertained.
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    Finite element analysis of steady-state elasto-visco-plastic flow by the initial stress-rate method (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 47-57 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A viscous approximation for steady creeping flow is extended to include the effect of elastic strains. Two examples are presented which illustrate both the method and the need for including elastic strains in the analysis of steady-state visco-plastic flows.
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    A finite element formulation for large elastic-plastic deformation analysis of polycrystals and some numerical considerations on polycrystalline plasticity (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 101-114 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element formulation for large elasto-plastic deformation of polycrystalline materials is proposed in incremental form. The effect of rotation of crystal axes besides usual element rotaion is taken into account. Some numerical considerations on polycrystalline plasticity (i.e. stress-strain curves for several proportional loadings, effect of change of loading path on stress-strain curve, subsequent yield loci for uniaxial and equi-biaxial loadings and so forth) are given for the case of small deformation by using a plate model which consists of 121 square FCC crystals.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Addendum to the paper ‘finite element analysis of steady-state elasto-visco-plastic flow by the initial stress-rate method’ (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 382-383 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620120216
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    A 2nd order numerical method for laminar flow at moderate to high Reynolds numbers: Entrance flow in a duct (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 405-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    On least squares approximations to indefinite problems of the mixed type (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 453-469 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A least squares method is presented for computing approximate solutions of indefinite partial differential equations of the mixed type such as those that arise in connection with transonic flutter analysis. The mehod retains the advantages of finite difference schemes namely simplicity and sparsity of the resulting matrix system. However, it offers some great advantages over finite difference schemes. First, the method is insensitive to the value of the forcing frequency i.e., the resulting matrix system is always symmetric and positive definite,. As a result, iterative methods may be successfully employed to solve the matrix system, thus taking full advantage of the sparsity. Furthermore, the method is insensitive to the type of the partial differential equation, i.e., the computational algorithm is the same in elliptic and hyperbolic regions. In this work the method is formulated and numerical results for model problems are presented. Some theoretical aspects of least squares approximations are also discussed.
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    Finite element methods for an optimal steady-state control problem (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1375-1382 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An optimal steady-state control problem governed by an elliptic state equation is solved by several finite element methods. Finite element discretizations are applied to different variational formulations of the problem yielding accurate numerical results as compared with the given analytical solution. It is sated that, for minimum computational effort and high accuracy, ‘mixed’ finite elements requiring only C° continuity, and approximating the control and state functions simultaneously are better suited to similar ‘fourth order’ problems.
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    Sensitivity Of matrix eigenvaluesThis work was done while both authors were summer visitors to Argonne National Laboratory in connection with the LINPACK project. (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1367-1373 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A recent paper by Donald Gignac describes some difficulties with a certain matrix eigenvalue problem. This paper shows that the difficulties result from the naturue of the matrix itself. Quantities called condition numbers, which measure the sensitivity of the eigenvalues, are computed, and numerical results given.
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    Efficient implementation of anisotropic three dimensional boundary-integral equation stress analysis (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1383-1397 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The boundary-integral equation medthod is particularly well suited for solution of stress concentration and elastic fracture mechanics problems. The method was not previously applicable to anisotropic three dimensional problems because no efficient technique existed for calculation of the required point load solution for an infinite body. A technique has been developed to evaluate numerically the anisotropic point load soultions, and used to generate data bases for various materials. An intrpolation technique is used to evaluate the point load solutions efficiently within a higher order boundary-intgral equation code. The effectiveness of the technique is verified by solution of problems involving both uniaxial stress states and stress concentrations.
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    Numerical fourier transformation: Singularity expansions and product integration (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1473-1477 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    ‘Potential energy with iterative correction’… or deterioration, that is the question (Reply by Authors to M. Crisfield's Discussion1 of ‘A Critical Assessment of the simplified Hybrid Displacement Method’2) (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1461-1472 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    A frontal-based solver for frequency analysis (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1659-1666 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Lumped mass matrices with non-zero inertia for general shell and axisymmetric shell elements (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1635-1650 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A diagonal lumped mas formulation with non-zero inertia terms is presented for Ahmad's general shell element. The effect of co-ordinate transformation of the mas matrix is demonstrated. Due to arbitray co-ordinate transformation on nodal variables, the diagonal lumped mas matrix becomes a banded matrix of half bandwidth three. It is shown that with some approximations this matrix can be made diagnoal without effecting the results appreciably. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the accuracy of the formulation. Similar lumped mass matrix formulation is also given for axisymmetric shell elements.
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    A systematic procedure for generating useful conformal mappings (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1651-1657 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A Procedure is presented for generating a class of conformal mappings useful in the formulation of finite-difference problems involving curved boundaries. The method provides a systematic approach that is capable, in principle, of reducing the geometry to a nearly-rectangular domain for a wide variety of partical problems. The introduction of sheared co-ordinates in this computational domain then provides for solution of the problem in a nearly-orthogonal (in fact, nearly-conformal) co-ordinate system, with its boundaries corresponding to co-ordinate lines. The method is based upon the Schwarz-Christoffel transformation and is quite simple to apply. Several examples illustrating the types of geometries which can be treated in this manner are presented.
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    Thin plate semiloof element for structural analysis-including stability and natural vibrations (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1667-1676 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a thin plate element formulated along parallel lines to the general three-dimensional Semiloof shell element. This plate version possesses only one half of the total number of degrees-of-freedom of the shell element and has the advantqage that the formulation of the strains and other terms is very much simplified. The element is first assessed in static situations and then its performance in the solution of eigenvalue problems is considered.
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    Central difference approximations to the heat transport equation (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1697-1704 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper analyses the oscillatory nature of central difference approximations to the heat transport equation when convection is the important mechanism of heat transport. The effects of three different boundary conditions, various heat source profiles, the Peclet Number and the parity of the number of meshes on the amplitudes of these oscillations are described. A boundary condition is presented which suppresses the oscillations to insignificant amplitudes in the one-dimensional situation.
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    Upwinding of high order Galerkin methods in conduction-convection problems (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1764-1771 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Upwinded parabolic and cubic elements are derived on a uniform grid of size h for the finite element Galerkin method applied to the solution of the model conduction-convection problem εu″  -  Ku′ = 0, ε, K 〉 0, subject to the boundary conditions u(0) = 1, u (1) = 0. Extension of the results to more complicated problems is indicated. Finally numerical results are given comparing some of the methods derived for a range of L(=Kh/2ε), the grid Peclet number.
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    Hybrid stress finite element model for non-linear shell problems (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1819-1839 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The present paper describes a hybrid stress finite element formulation for geometrically non-linear analysis of thin shell structures. The element properties are derived from an incremental form of Hellinger-Reissner's variational principle in which all quantities are referred to the current configuration of the shell. From this multi-field variational principle, a hybrid stress finite element model is derived using standard matrix notation. Very simple flat triangular and quadrilateral elements are employed in the present study. The resulting non-linear equations are solved by applying the load in finite increments and restoring equilibrium by Newton-Raphson iteratioin. Numerical examples presented in the paper include complete snap-through buckling of cylindrical and spherical shells. It turns out that the present procedure is computationally efficient and accurate for non-linear shell problems of high complexity.
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    On thick superparametric shell element (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1883-1889 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620121210
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    Improved three point integration schemes for triangular finite elements (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1890-1896 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Symmetric three point quadrature schemes are at present available for triangles for exact integration of polynomials of degree 2. There are other possible symmetries, which provide higher accuracies. Exact integration of polynomials of a higher degree is possible. General formulations are made and a set of three integration points for improved accuracy is given.
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    Announcements (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1898-1900 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620121214
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    Non-linear ordinary differential equations, D. W. Jordan and P. Smith, Oxford University Press (part of Oxford Applied Mathematics and Computing Science Series), 1977. No. of pages: 360. Price:£6.50 (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1897-1898 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620121213
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    Structural optimization: A review and some recommendations (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 203-228 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A brief review of the structural optimization literature and a description of the present status of optimization methods are presented. The scope of the review is limited and does not profess to cover the entire literature.Results of the optimization of two structures (by the optimality criteria approach) are presented. There are some conclusions and recommendations for future developments in structural optimization.
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    Continuous elements in the finite element method (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 11-33 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The discretization of the media at all spatial co-ordinates but one is presented here. This partial discretization leads to continuous finite elements as opposed to fully discrete ones and the problem resolves, for the cases presented here, into a set of linear differential equations rather than algebraic equations. The general problem of first derivative functionals in elastostatics is considered and it is shown, in general, how the continuous finite elements required for the solution may be obtained. Plane states, axisymmetric and three-dimensional continuous elements are obtained to illustrate application to particular cases.Different methods of solution for the set of differential equations are discussed and it is shown that several existing and widely used finite element related techniques are particular cases of this local partial discretization. Three numerical examples are solved to demonstrate the good comparison obtained between the numerical and the exact solutions. The semi-infinite examples included also illustrate the treatment of these types of problems without the use of fictitious boundaries.
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    Some criteria for numerically integrated matrices and quadrature formulas for triangles (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 67-76 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: For a wide calss of finite element matrices integrated numerically rather than exactly, a definable number of sampling points is found to be sufficient for keeping their theoretical properties unchanged. A systematic criterion limiting the number of possible point configurations for numerical quadrature formulas on triangles is established. Some new high order formulas are presented. Tables containing optional formulas with respect to minimum number of sampling points and required degrees of accuracy are given. They are arranged so as to assist with selection of suitable quadrature formulas for finite element computer programming.
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    Periodic Galerkin finite element method of tidal flow (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 115-127 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the finite element method of the analysis of tidal flow. Assuming that tidal flow is periodic, the Galerkin approach is employed as the numerical integration procedure in time using a trigonometric function as the interpolation function. The present method has shown to be suitable for computation especially from the point of computing time and numerical stability.
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    The visco-plastic approach to problems of plasticity and creep involving geometric non-linear effects (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 169-181 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The visco-plastic model is used in the context of large displacement (geometrically non-linear) analysis. As the process now involves in numerical computation an updating of relevant stiffness matrices, formulation which is stable and computtionally more efficient. The applications shown demonstrate the applicability of the process to large displacement elasto-plastic shell analysis as well as to problems of creep buckling.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Author's reply to R. A. Brockman's discussionInt. J. num. Meth. Engng, 12, 183-185 (1978) of ‘an isoparametric hermitian element for the solution of field problems’ (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 185-186 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620120118
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    Erratum (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 194-194 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620120202
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    Finite difference approximation of boundary conditions along irregular boundaries (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 229-235 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The approximation of normal derivatives along a curved boundary becomes a major difficulty in obtaining finite difference solutions for irregular regions. A number of authors (for-example, Allen,1 Fox,2 Greenspan3 and Parker and Ma4) have suggested various solutions to this problem. However, most of these suggested methods are fairly cumbersome to use since they require the use of different formulas for various combinations of mesh and boundary geometries. This note shows a different way to approximate a quite general boundary condition along curved boundaries. The method uses a uniformly spaced mesh, is simple, general, relatively easy to program and appears to give accurate results.
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    A partitioned parallel Runge-Kutta method for weakly coupled ordinary differential equations (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 267-278 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: In many systems it is known a priori, that some states are ony weakly coupled with others. If such systems are solved on parallel processor it is possible to partition the states in such a way that one set of states is assigned to one processor and the other set of weakly coupled states to another. Computations can then be done in parallel. Because of the weak coupling it may not be necessary for information from the two sets to be communicated to each other for many integration steps. This can result in significant cost savings. In this paper, a partitined Runge - Kutta scheme is formulated for use on weakly coupleld systems of ordinary differential equations. An error expression is derived which provides a means for predicting the number of step sizes over which the partitioned formulas can be used in terms of a prespecified error tolerance. Numerical examples are presented both to verify the error expressions and to compare solutions using partitioned and unpartitioned schemes.
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    A starting algorithm for the numerical simulation of two-phase flow problems (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 319-329 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The diferential equations governing two-phase flow through a porous medium are derived and the space discretization is carried out by the Galerkin finite element method. An examination of the eigenvalues of the resulting system follows in order to decide on a suitable stability criterion to be satisfied by the time-stepping algorithm. A class of time-stepping schemes is introduced and their behaviour when applied to a specific problem is analyzed. The aim is to achieve an adequate modelling of the water-oil interface and to preserve reasonable values of the capillary pressure. A technique to clustering the mesh around the interface is used to improved the modelling, and a boundary condition based on the relative mobilities of the two fiuids is imposed to enable the program to calculate the water-oil ratio after breakthrough. The effect of lumping the mass matrix is then examined with a view to reducting the surge in the values obtained for the capillary pressure. Finally an optimum method is suggested for use as a starting algorithm for more sophisticated time-stepping schemes.
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    Finite elements in geomechanics, Ed. by G. Gudehus, Wiley, Chichester, 1977. No. of pages: 573. Price: £17, $32.50 (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 384-384 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620120217
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    A finite element method for Burgers' equation in hydrodynamics (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 415-428 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A Finite Element Method using rectangular elements is applied to solve Burgers' non-linear equation in one space dimension. The non-linear algebraic equations thus obtained are solved by an iteration which is equivalent to the generalized Newton method. Numerical experiments indicate that the order of accuracy is equal to 2. In two space dimensions, the method is more efficient than other methods we have tested.
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    The indirect design of fluid channels using a global variational method with trial functions not satisfying the prescribed boundary conditions: II cupling method (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 471-477 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A global variational method (GVM) not requiring the boundary conditions to be incorporated in the trial functions is described. The method is outlined for a linear differential equation and the extensions necessary to handle the non-linear problem of the indirect design of a compressible fluid channel described. The method requires a suitable estimate of a parameter, but the results obtained for the non-linear problem indicate that the actual value of this parameter is not critical (provided that a sufficeintly large number of trial functions is used). Comparisons are made with the results from an alternative GVM approach described in Davies and Hendry.1
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    The generalized problem of confined seepage (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 479-486 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The problem of confined seepage of water under a hydraulic structure, through a porous medium, is considered in an appropriate abstract space. Existence and uniqueness of the solution are proved. The numerical solution is derived by means of the finite element method. An error estimate is given. A sample problems in included.
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    Letters to the editor (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1485-1486 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620120916
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    Announcements (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1487-1488 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Masthead (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Special topics volumes (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1491-1491 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Erratum (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1492-1492 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620121003
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    An iterative algorithm to build continuous stress and displacement solutions (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1493-1506 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An iterative algorithm is presented: it builds a continuous stress and displacement solution starting from the solution of a classical displacement finite element analysis. The modified solution satisfies the virtual work principle, and is much better than the starting solution. The algorithm is very easily included in existing programs. A number of examples shows the efficiency of the method.
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    The shear deformation of profiled metal sheeting (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1507-1541 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the stressed-skin analysis of metal structures it is vital to have a simple yet accurate treatment of the shear deformation of profiled metal sheeting. A suitable theory is developed in this paper for the two important cases of sheeting fastened to the supporting structure through every and alternate troughs of the corrugations. Various practical factors are taken into account. The results of an extensive series of numerical investigations are presented as a simple equation and a set of tables.
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    Solution techniques for non-linear finite element problems (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1677-1696 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a classification of mathematical commonly encountered in connection with solution of non-linear finite element problems. The principal methods for numerical solution of the non-linear equations are surveyed and discussed. Special emphasis is placed upon the description of an automatic load incrementation procedure with equilibrium iterations. It is shown how this algorithm can be adapted for solving problems involving instabilities, snap-through and snap-back. A simple scalar quantity denoted the current stiffness parameter is suggested; this parameter is used to characterize the overall behaviour of non-linear problems. It can also be used as a steering parameter in the solution process. The use of the present technique is illustrated by several examples.
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    An accurate method of dynamic condensation in structural analysis (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1705-1715 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new and efficient method of dynamic condensation is presented. It reduces the order of dynamic matrices without intoroducing further approximation by representing the passive co-ordinates in terms of the active ones exactly. The resulting frequency dependent eigenvalue problem is solved by a combined technique of Sturm sequence and subspace iteration. Examples are given for a space frame and a substructure problem. Results are compared to the complete solution.
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    Blended infinite elements for paraboblic boundary value problems (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1841-1851 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A common method for numerically approximating two-point parabolic boundary value problems of the form ut = L[u]+f(u) defined of the semi-infinite strip S = [0, 1]×[0, ∞] is to first discretize the spatial operator in the differential equation and then solve for the time evolution. Such an approach typically involves solving a system of algebriaic equations at a sequence of time steps. In this paper we take a different approach and subdivide S into a collection of semi-infinite substrips Si = [xi, xi+1]×[0, ∞], and use blending function techniques to derive finite parameter functions ei(x, t) defined on Si. Spectral matching methods are used in deriving ei to ensure that (u - ei) can be made small on Si. Galerkin's method, with associated integration sover the entire space-time domain S, is then used to generate approximations to u(x, t) based upon the so defined infinite element (ei, Si). Approximations are hence found for all (x, t) in S by solving one well structed system of algebraic equations. We apply the method to several linear and non-linear problms.
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    Calculation of optimum feedback gains for output constrained regulators (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1873-1878 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new and a simple algorithm for approximate calculation of optimal output-constrained feedback regulators is presented. computational simplicity is achieved by using properties of weakly coupled linear systems. The algorithm has been shown to be very effective in solving high dimensional control problems.
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    On a problem arising from the derivation of finite element matrics using Reissener's principle (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1879-1882 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    Limit analysis of structures formed from rigid blocks (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1853-1871 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper a technique previously developed for the analysis of rigid-plastic structural frames is adapted to provide a formal procedure for finding the limit load of any structure formed from rigid blocks. In this procedure the load factor is maximized subject to the euilibrium equations of the structure and linear constraints imposed by criteria of failure at the block interfaces.In part I of the paper it is assumed that the limiting shear force associated with sliding at a block interface is independent of the normal component of force across the interface. This assumption means that the normality rule is satisfied, so that the upper- and lower-bound theorems of classical limit analysis apply. This part includes a description of computer program for the collapse analysis of masonry arches with joints incapable of carrying tension.In part II the limit on the Shear force at a block interface is assumed to be that associated with Coulomb friction. It is not difficult to extend the computational algorithm described in part I to deal with this situation. However, the failure mechanism computed by the algorithm will not necessarily satisfy the normality rule. The corresponding limit load may therefore be an over-estimate of the true failure load, even though it is computed by a lower-bound (equilibrium) approach. A criterion is established for testing the validity of a failure load computed in these circumstances.
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    Numerische methoden der mechanik, J. Dankert. Festigkeits- und Schwingungsberechnung mittels elektronischer Rechentechnik, 162 illustrations. 318 pages. 1977. ISBN 3-211-81439-6. Paperback S338,DM 49 (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1897-1897 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Masthead (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978) 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    Fluid-structure dynamic interaction and wave forces. An introduction to numerical treatment (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 1-16 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents an introduction to two general approaches used in the soluation of coupled structures and fluid systems in which effects of large scale flow are excluded. In the first approach, the Lagrangian, the fluid is simply treated as a ‘solid’ with a negligible shear modulus. In the second method, Eulerian, a single pressure variable is used in the fluid.The numerical problems posed, discretization methods used and possible simplifications are discussed.
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    Hydrodynamic confficients of some heaving cylinders of arbitrary shape (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 17-33 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The fluid forces acting on a uniform cylinder with an infinitely long axis, heaving in the free surface or an infinite ideal fluid, are described in terms of its ‘added mass’ and ‘damping coefficient’. The techniques of multipole expansion and multiparameter conformal transformation are adopted for such calculations and applied to shapes which cannot be adequately represented by the conventional, and more rudimentary, ‘Lewis form fit’. The shapes referred to are both relevant to ship bows, one being a ‘fine section’ and the other a ‘bulbous section’. The parameters which influence the accuracy of the solution are examined. Results for these two sections are computed and compared with results based on (a) the ‘Lewis form approximation’ and (b) the ‘Frank's close fit method’ which employs a singularity representation.
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    A numerical determination of the entrained water in ship vibrations (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 35-48 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The hydrodynamic mass matrix for a vibrating ship is evaluated using a three-dimensional finite element discretization of the surrounding water. For the important case of vertical vibrations of the ship, values of the added masses obtained in this way are compared with those given by the conventional semi-empirical formulas currently in use in the shipbuilding industry. A numerical example is presented. It is concluded that conventional two-dimensional methods, the usefulness of which is confirmed when the first few modes of the hull girder only are sought, do not apply to higher modes, for which significant deformation of the cross-section may occur. On the other hand, a finite element approach has the advantage of its generality as well as flexibility. Suggestions for future research are given.
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    Applications of wave diffraction theory (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 49-72 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A computer program, originally developed to predict wave loads on large-diameter fixed offshore structures, has been modified to compute added masses, damping coefficients and response motions of free-floating and moored rigid systems. It is now being extended to predict multi-degree-of-freedom responses of articulated structures, particularly wave energy absorbing devices. The structure is modelled by surface singularities (point sources) in potential flow. The boundary conditions, fluid and structure equations of motion are linearized. Engineering applications here include the predictions, fluid and structure equations of motion are linearized. Engineering applications here include the prediction of wave loads on a gravity platform, response motions of a moored barge, and comparisons with laboratory data on the mooring loads and response of a tethered buoyant platform, and on the wave loading, response and efficiency of two wave energy absorbing devices.
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    The dynamics of offshore structures evaluated by boundary integral techniques (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 73-92 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the development of transfer functions for the dynamic response of multidegree-of-freedom offshore structures, excited by sinusoidal waves. The problem is formulated in terms of the principal modes of the structure vibrating freely in vacuo. The hydrodynamic analysis is performed through use of a distribution of wave sources on the submerged surface of the structure, which leads to an approximate solution satisfying the boundary condition on the fluid-structure interface at a discrete set of points. Generalized forces are obtained corresponding both to excitation by waves and to the hydrodynamic reactions induced by motions of the structure: the latter are expressed in terms of added mass and damping matrices. Results are given for simple geometries to illustrate the approach.
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    An efficient method of fluid-structure coupling in the dynamic analysis of structures (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 93-107 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method of fluid-structure connection is presented for solutions which mainly involve the calculation of the dynamic response of structures by using the method of modal analysis. This connection method is based upon finite element structural and fluid representation and is efficiently employed when used with the inverse iteration procedure for eigenvalue, eigenvector evaluation. The inverse iteration procedure is described in conjunction with the connection method. Also a method of non-linear structural analysis and a method of frequency domain analysis are discussed with reference to the presented fluid-structure connection procedure.Applications are considered for both model and prototype situations. Efficient use of the mini computer for solving dynamic problems by the proposed method is also considered.
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    Acoustic radiation and scattering from elastic structures (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 123-138 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a numerical technique for the linear dynamic analysis of a finite elastic structure immersed in an infinite homogeneous acoustic medium. It is required to determine the vibrational motion of the structure and also the associated acoustic field in the fluid, when the structure is either subjected to internal applied forces or is acting as a scatterer of an incident acoustic wave. A finite element analysis of the structure is matched at the structure-fluid interface with an integral equation representation of the exterior acoustic field, leading to a coupled system of equations which may be cast in either acoustic or structural from. The former approach is preferred here for which numerical results are presented when the method is applied to plane wave scattering by thick and thin elastic spherical shells.
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    Finite element analysis of the noise inside a mechanically excited cylinder (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 109-122 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element method is presented for predicting the coupled structural-acoustic response of a flexible cylinder, which contains an acoustic medium and is excited by mechanical forces. The cylinder is represented by an existing axisymmetric, cylindrical shell element. The acoustic space inside the cylinder is modelled using a new axisymmetric, acoustic ring element. The cross-secton of the ring takes the form of an eight node, isoparametric element. The coupled equations of motion for the cylinder and acoustic field are solved using modal analysis techniques. The numerical results obtained are compared with results from an experimental investigation which is also described.
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    A displacement method for the analysis of vibrations of coupled fluid-structure systems (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 139-150 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A variational principle in terms of displacements in the fluid and the structure with a penalty for irrotationality of displacement in the fluid is developed for the analysis of harmonic vibrations of ideal compressible fluid and elastic structure systems. Its Discretization by the finite element method leads to an algebraic eigenvalue problem with a positive definite symmetric banded matrix. Numerical examples obtained for pure acoustic cases and coupled cases show the efficiency of the method.
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    Acoustic vibration of a liquid filled distorted circular cylindrical shell (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 151-164 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A theory is developed whereby acoustic and structural modes are coupled by means of geometrical distortions in a circular cylindrical shell filled with liqued.The prediction is that a circularly symmetric discrete frequency acoustic wave in the liquid will excite in the shell not only a circular symmetric ‘breathing mode’ (which would be the only one present in an undistorted shell) but also short wavelength flexural waves at the excitation frequency. It is possible, even for quite small distortions, for the displacement amplitude of some of these flexural waves to exceed that of the ‘breathing mode’.The results of calculations for a particular shell are shown to be consistent with experimental results.
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    Numerical integration of the motions of a tethered buoyant platform (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 165-180 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The motion of a terthered buoyant platform (TBP) in a regular train is investigated numerically using the Zienkiewicz four-time-level scheme.5 Wave forces are calculated using Morison's equation7 and linear wave theory. Results are presented for the theoretical response to the periodic forcing function for an optimized method,6 Wood, A.,6 Wilson θ =1.412 and Houbolt13 and compared with the actual computed behaviour of the TBP.
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    Dual formulations for acousto-structural vibrations (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 197-201 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    Seismic response analysis of offshore pipelines in contact with the sea-bed (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 181-196 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The seismic behaviour of an offshore pipeline, which may be totally or partially in contact with the sea-bed, is characterized by the confluence of structural dynamics, hydrodynamics and soil mechanics and also the possible dynamic interactions between these aspects. This paper contains a study dealing with the seismic response analysis of such a pipeline including pressure drag effects. A numerical analysis basesd on the assumption that the pipe behaves linearly elastically and that pipe deffection is elastoplastically related, without loss, to sea-bed resistance shows that pipe response in significantly attenuated by contact, as aspected, the amount of attenuation depending upon contact length and the parameters defining idealized sea-bed behaviour.
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    Masthead (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978) 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    Optimum design of prestressed concrete slabs using primal geometric programming (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 229-246 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Prestressed concrete members, because of the use of high strength materials and the efficient disposition of tensile forces, need considerably less material. This and other advantages, however, are offset by the high unit costs of materials and the associated specialized labour. Thus, it is important to make the most of the savings in materials through the application of optimum design procedure. Among the available optimization techniques, generalized geometric progamming (GGP) is ideally suited because the design equations of prestressed concrete members are expressible in the form of polynomials. Using the GGP, in this study, a set of minimum prestress force designs are obtained for various depths of one-way slab. From the data thus obtained a minimum cost design procedure is explained. Moreover, the need for supplementary non-prestressed reinforcement to obtain economical designs for depths of slab beyond a certain depth is also shown.
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    Two-dimensional shape optimal designWork sponsored by U.S. Army Armament Research and Development Command, Ballistics Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 311-336 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper treats shape optimal design of two-dimensional structures. Sensitivity of cost and constraint functions to changes in the shape of the structure are obtained by applying theorems from the calculus of variations and by using consistent first-order approximations of functions arising in an optimal design problem. A generalized steepest descent algorithm is presented for determination of the optimum shape. The method is applied to a load carrying shear plate that models a component of the high pressure seal in a gun launched high velocity projectile.
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    Optimal design of bending elements (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 373-384 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Derivation of an optimality criterion for finite element structural representations using constant-moment plate-bending triangular elements ispresented. Numerical examples of minimum-mass design of both simply-supported and clamped elastic plates for concentrated and distributed loading conditions under a single displacement constraint serve to illustrate the suggested procedure. Interpretation of the solution obtained and difficulties involved are discussed in the light of recent application of optimal control theory to structural optimization.
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    Mixed finite element formulation for geometrically non-linear analysis of shells of revolution (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 195-201 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A Finite Element formulation for the axisymmetrical analysis of rotational shells with geometric non-linearity is developed, using a mixed finite element model of a curved rotational shell type, the two global components of displacement (ur, uz) and the two stress couples (Mr, MtH) being the free and independent unknowns of the problem. The prescribed geometry at every nodal circle comprises the co-ordinates and meridional slope angle and curvature. Newton-Raphson Iteration is used in solving the non-linear system of equations. Circular plates and a spherical cap are used as examples to test the formulation; good results were achieved which are presented graphically in comparison to the analytical solution.
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    A conforming crack tip element with quadratic variation in the singular fields (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 279-288 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Shape functions are given for a six node triangular element in which the √r displacement filed varies quadratically in the circumferential direction. Using a convenient co-ordinate system the stiffness development is sketched and the integrations re done exactly in the radial co-ordinate direction. Brief numerical results are presented. Shape functions for a 15 node three-dimensional element are given explicitly. The shape functions provide both constant strain capability and conformability with quadratic isoparametric elements.
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    Two step explicit finite element method for tsunami wave propagation analysis (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 331-351 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Numerical analysis of tsunamis applying the finite element method is presented based on the shallow water wave equation. To discretize time, a two step explicit method is used. The scheme is the extension of the Lax-Wendroff finite difference method. The present finite element method is used for the analysis of the Tokachi-oki Earthquake tsunami problem and compared with the tide gauge records. The conclusion of this paper is that the present method is suitable for the prediction of the tsunami wave propagation problem.
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    The solution of sparse linear equations by the conjugate gradient method (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 141-158 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The convergence properties of the conjugate gradient method are discussed in relation to relaxation methods and Chebyshev accelerated Jacobi iteration when applied to the solution of large sets of linear equations which have a sparse, symmetric and positive definite coefficient matrix. The conclusion is reached that its convergence rate is unlikely to be much worse than these methods, and may be considerably better. The conjugate gradient method may either be applied to the basic unscaled or scaled equations or alternatively to various transformed equations. Preconditioning, block elimination and partial elimination methods of transforming equations are considered, and some comparative tests given for six problems.
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    Some comments on the paper by Heinrich, Huyakorn, Zienkiewicz and Mitchell (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 187-190 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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