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  • Time Factors  (32)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (32)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (32)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1978  (32)
Collection
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (32)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (32)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1978-12-22
    Description: Long-term habituation training in Aplysia californica produces a profound depression in the efficacy of synaptic transmission between mechanoreceptor neurons and gill motor neurons. This depression persists for more than 3 weeks. Thus a critical synaptic site for plasticity underlying long-term habituation is the same as that for short-term habituation. For this simple form of learning, short- and long-term memory share a common locus and aspects of a common mechanism: synaptic depression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castellucci, V F -- Carew, T J -- Kandel, E R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 22;202(4374):1306-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/214854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aplysia ; Gills/physiology ; Habituation, Psychophysiologic/*physiology ; Mechanoreceptors/physiology ; Memory/*physiology ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; *Reflex, Monosynaptic ; Retention (Psychology)/physiology ; Synaptic Membranes/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: Intravenous injection of a sublethal dose of lead acetate into a domestic pig resulted in a 4.5-fold increase of guanine in the urine, indicating an impairment in the conversion of guanine to xanthine. This impairment is probably due to the inhibition of guanine aminohydrolase (guanase), since the activity of this enzyme is inhibited by Pb2+ (the inhibition constant being 3.0 X 10(-6)M). Postmortem histological examination revealed concretions of crystalline material in the epiphyseal plate of the femoral head. Extraction of the section containing the concretions showed that they were guanine. The relation of these findings to saturnine gout is discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farkas, W R -- Stanawitz, T -- Schneider, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):786-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Femur Head/pathology ; Gout/chemically induced/*metabolism/pathology ; Guanine/*biosynthesis/urine ; Lead/*adverse effects ; Swine ; Time Factors
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: Squirrel monkeys synchronized to a 24-hour light-dark cycle show a prominent circadian rhythm in body temperature which is regulated against mild environmental cold exposures throughout the 24-hour day. However, cold exposures produce significant decreases in core body temperature when the circadian rhythms of the animal are free-running in the absence of environmental time cues. Effective thermoregulation appears to require the precise internal synchronization of the circadian timekeeping system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fuller, C A -- Sulzman, F M -- Moore-Ede, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):794-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/414356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Temperature Regulation ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cold Temperature ; Cues ; *Environment ; Environmental Exposure ; Haplorhini ; Homeostasis ; Male ; Saimiri ; Time Factors
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: The average length of postpartum amenorrhea reported by breast-feeding women in rural Bangladesh in 1975 was 18 to 20 months. Its duration was found to be only slightly related to maternal nutritional status. There was no evidence of a threshold of weight for height necessary for the resumption of menses postpartum. Factors related to the duration of postpartum amenorrhea were maternal age, socioeconomic status, and supplemental feeding of the infant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huffman, S L -- Chowdhury, A K -- Mosley, W H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1155-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/653359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amenorrhea/*etiology ; Body Water/metabolism ; Body Weight ; Female ; Humans ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; *Lactation ; Maternal Age ; Menstruation ; Nutrition Disorders/metabolism ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; *Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Time Factors
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-09-15
    Description: Rebound insomnia followed the withdrawal of three benzodiazepine hypnotic drugs, each of which had been administered in a single nightly dose for only short-term periods. The intense worsening of sleep is attributed to the short duration of the action of these drugs. A hypothesis involving benzodiazepine receptors in the brain is proposed in which there is a delay or lag in replacement of endogenous benzodiazepine-like molecules after the abrupt withdrawal of exogenous drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kales, A -- Scharf, M B -- Kales, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 15;201(4360):1039-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Benzodiazepines/*adverse effects/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Flunitrazepam/adverse effects/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/*adverse effects/metabolism ; Nitrazepam/adverse effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Drug/drug effects/metabolism ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/*etiology/metabolism ; *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/metabolism ; Syndrome ; Time Factors ; Triazolam/adverse effects/metabolism
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-09-22
    Description: Parameters of bone formation and resorption were measured in rats orbited for 19.5 days aboard the Soviet Cosmos 782 biological satellite. The most striking effects were on bone formation. During flight, rats formed significantly less periosteal bone than did control rats on the ground. An arrest line at both the periosteum and the endosteum of flight animals suggest that a complete cessation of bone growth occurred. During a 26-day postflight period, the defect in bone formation was corrected. No significant changes in bone resorption were observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morey, E R -- Baylink, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 22;201(4361):1138-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/150643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aerospace Medicine ; Animals ; *Bone Development ; Bone Matrix/physiology ; Bone Resorption ; Male ; Periosteum/physiology ; Rats ; *Space Flight ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Tetracycline ; Tibia/cytology/growth & development/physiology ; Time Factors ; Weightlessness
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: The muscle activity of normal ambulatory individuals was recorded continuously for 8-hour (working day) periods. Parameters of activity patterns were defined and numerical outcomes for these parameters were compared across a diverse population of muscles. Several pattern parameters, such as the average percentage of time active, were highly correlated with the percentage of type I fibers of a muscle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monster, A W -- Chan, H -- O'Connor, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):314-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Male ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscles/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-01-27
    Description: Near-adult cats, fasted overnight, and given a single meal of a complete amino acid diet without arginine, developed hyperammonemia and showed clinical symptoms of ammonia toxicity within 2 hours. One cat (2.7 kilograms) died 4.5 hours after ingesting only 8 grams of the diet. Since ornithine also prevented hyperammonemia, it appears that the domestic cat cannot synthesize ornithine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morris, J G -- Rogers, Q R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 27;199(4327):431-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/619464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/metabolism ; Ammonia/*blood/toxicity ; *Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Arginine/*deficiency/metabolism ; Cats/*metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Ornithine/metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: The pentapeptides methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin are both able to reduce experimentally induced amnesia in rats. In contrast to the possible analgesic activity of these peptides, the anti-amnesic effect is seen after systemic administration of dosages of 30 micrograms or lower. The nature of the anti-amnesic effect is different for the two peptides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rigter, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):83-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Carbon Dioxide/antagonists & inhibitors ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/*pharmacology ; Enkephalins/*pharmacology ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: Beginning at different ages in their preschool years, groups of chronically undernourished children from Colombian families of low socioeconomic status participated in a program of treatment combining nutritional, health care, and educational features. By school age the gap in cognitive ability between the treated children and a group of privileged children in the same city had narrowed, the effect being greater the younger the children were when they entered the treatment program. The gains were still evident at the end of the first grade in primary school, a year after the experiment had ended.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKay, H -- Sinisterra, L -- McKay, A -- Gomez, H -- Lloreda, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):270-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition/*physiology ; Education ; Environment ; Humans ; Learning Disorders/*prevention & control ; Nutrition Disorders/diet therapy/*physiopathology ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Time Factors
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-04-28
    Description: Ejaculations decreased and mount latencies increased when intact males were paired regularly over a 3.5-year period (3180 tests) with ovariectomized females made constantly receptive by daily injections of estradiol. The deterioration in potency was abruptly and completely reversed by substituting a group of new but similarly treated females for the original ones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michael, R P -- Zumpe, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 28;200(4340):451-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/417398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ejaculation ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; Pair Bond ; Periodicity ; Seasons ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Testosterone/blood ; Time Factors
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-04-14
    Description: Cocaine (2.0 milligrams per kilogram) given by the oral route is at least as effective as the same dose given intranasally. Cocaine is not detected in the plasma until 30 minutes after oral administration, but peak plasma concentrations are similar after both routes. The subjective "highs" in man are greater after oral than after intranasal administration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Dyke, C -- Jatlow, P -- Ungerer, J -- Barash, P G -- Byck, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 14;200(4338):211-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intranasal ; Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Cocaine/*administration & dosage/blood/pharmacology ; Euphoria/drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Time Factors
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 1978-07-07
    Description: Endogenous opiate-like peptides (endorphins) are putative neuroregulators located throughout the mammalian brainstem. There is some evidence for their role in pain, stress, and affect. We report that the opiate antagonist, naloxone, alters some schizophrenic symptoms. In a double-blind, cross-over study, naloxone produced decreases in auditory hallucinations in some schizophrenic patients. This finding supports the hypothesis that the endorphins may play a roll in modulating hallucinations in a highly selected subgroup of chronically hallucinating schizophrenic patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, S J -- Berger, P A -- Akil, H -- Mills, M J -- Barchas, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 7;201(4350):73-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/351804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Double-Blind Method ; Endorphins/physiology ; Hallucinations/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Naloxone/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Schizophrenia/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Schizophrenia, Paranoid/drug therapy ; Time Factors
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-05-19
    Description: In two cebus (Cebus albifrons) monkeys given weekly oral doses of 0.25 milligram of haloperidol per kilogram, movement disorders appeared 1 to 8 hours after drug administration following the tenth weekly dose. These disorders included oral movements, peculiar postures, writhing, and stretching. Such reactions faded in intensity after the next two doses. Increasing the dose to 0.5 milligram per kilogram has elicited the disorders reliably after each weekly dose for almost 2 years. Similar reactions also developed in a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciurea) treated weekly with haloperidol and in a third cebus monkey previously maintained for a year on a regimen of 0.25 milligram of haloperidol per kilogram on 5 days per week. These findings suggest an experimental model for determining the etiology of drug-induced movement disorders. They also suggest an unrecognized clinical problem.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, B -- Santelli, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 19;200(4343):799-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/417399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/*etiology ; *Haloperidol/administration & dosage ; Haplorhini ; Time Factors
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-02-03
    Description: Recordings in identified neurons and muscles that mediate crayfish tailflips reveal inhibitory postsynaptic potentials of two distinct durations. Those of long duration are recorded in five classes of cells in the flexion circuit, while those of short duration are recorded in three classes of cells in the extension circuit. The durations of the inhibitory postsynaptic potentials are matched to the durations of inhibition required by the different phases of the behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wine, J -- Hagiwara, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 3;199(4328):557-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astacoidea/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Escape Reaction/physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Movement ; Muscles/*physiology ; Neural Inhibition ; Synaptic Membranes/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-10-20
    Description: After 3 weeks of twice-daily administration of desipramine to rats, the frequency-response curve for field stimulation of adrenergic neurons in isolated left atrial strips was shifted markedly to the left and the efflux of [3H]norepinephrine was enhanced greatly. After 1 day of treatment, only slight shifts in the frequency-response curve and small increases in [3H]norepinephrine efflux occurred although inhibition of [3H]norepinephrine uptake was already maximal, and phenoxybenzamine caused a further shift to the left in the frequency-response curve similar to that which occurred after 3 weeks of desipramine treatment alone. A gradual decrease in the sensitivity of the presynaptic alpha receptor would explain the delay in the onset of the linical effect of the tricyclic antidepressants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crews, F T -- Smith, C B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 20;202(4365):322-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/211589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Desipramine/*pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Phenoxybenzamine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*drug effects ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/*drug effects ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects ; Synaptic Membranes/drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission/*drug effects ; Time Factors
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: Concentrations of luteinizing hormone in the serums of human neonates were altered when the neonates were exposed to prolonged, intense illumination (phototherapy) with their eyes covered. Concentrations decreased after 48 to 72 hours of exposure, increased 6 to 9 days after phototherapy, and subsequently returned to levels similar to those of controls. These data suggest that light may affect pituitary-gonadal function in the human neonate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dacou-Voutetakis, C -- Anagnostakis, D -- Matsaniotis, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1229-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal/blood/*therapy ; Luteinizing Hormone/*blood ; *Phototherapy ; Time Factors ; Vision, Ocular
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 1978-07-21
    Description: Silicone pellets containing d-amphetamine base were implanted subcutaneously in rats. These pellets release amphetamine continuously for at least 10 days. Several days after implantation, swollen dopamine axons concomitant with large decreases in tyrosine hydroxylase activity were observed in the caudate nucleus. Decreased tyrosine hydroxylase activity was still present 110 days after pellet removal in the caudate but not in several other brain regions, nor in the caudate of rats injected with an equivalent amount of amphetamine in daily injections. This implies that continuous amphetamine administration has a selective neurotoxic effect on dopamine terminals in the caudate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ellison, G -- Eison, M S -- Huberman, H S -- Daniel, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 21;201(4352):276-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catecholamines/*metabolism ; Caudate Nucleus/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism ; Dextroamphetamine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Drug Implants ; Male ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Rats ; Time Factors ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*metabolism
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-09-15
    Description: The retinal pigment epithelium of RCS rats, previously thought not to phagocytize photoreceptor outer segments, exhibited a peak of phagocytosis in vivo when animals were kept under conditions of cyclic lighting (12 hours of darkness and 12 hours of light). The peak occurred at 1 hour after the onset of light, with maximum and minimum levels of phagocytosis averaging about 5 percent of that found in the pigment epithelium of Osborn-Mendel rats used as a control. Eyecups that were obtained from Osborn-Mendel rats and maintained for up to 3 hours in organ culture demonstrated levels of phagocytosis that were sevenfold greater than those of unincubated controls. Likewise a tenfold increase occurred in incubated as opposed to unicubated RCS eyes, raising the possibility that phagocytosis could be experimentally stimulated in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldman, A I -- O'Brien, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 15;201(4360):1023-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/567376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Count ; Circadian Rhythm ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Phagocytes/ultrastructure ; *Phagocytosis ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 1978-06-23
    Description: In cultures made from disaggregated human epidermal cells, growth to a confluent cell layer is followed by the emergence of patterns resembling those of human dermatoglyphs. These patterns reflect intrinsic properties of kertinocytes. In vivo, only the epidermis of the volar surfaces forms patterns, but in culture, patterns are formed by epidermal cells from other sites as well. Patterns develop by a process of cell movement which first produces ridges and then curves the ridges into figures of increasing complexity, ultimately whorls.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, H -- Thomas, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 23;200(4348):1385-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; *Dermatoglyphics ; Embryonic Induction ; Epidermis/*cytology ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Humans ; Time Factors
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-08-11
    Description: The hypothesis that rods mediate iconic storage was tested by presenting letters of one color against a field of another. The colors were chosen to be discriminable only by the cones, only by the rods, or both. Under dark adaptation, the rods had little if any effect on partial-report advantage; however, they were important in determining the phenomenal persistence of the stimulus. Under light adaptation, the rods played no apparent role in either type of persistence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adelson, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 11;201(4355):544-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663675" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afterimage/*physiology ; Color Perception/physiology ; Dark Adaptation ; Form Perception/physiology ; Humans ; Memory, Short-Term/*physiology ; Photoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-09-15
    Description: Female savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus) had a longer postpartum amenorrhea and thereafter cycled longer before conceiving if their previous infant survived than if that infant died. Among mothers of surviving infants, differences in maternal care produced differences in age of weaning and age of independence but did not result in differences in interbirth intervals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altmann, J -- Altmann, S A -- Hausfater, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 15;201(4360):1028-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/98844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amenorrhea ; Animals ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Maternal Behavior ; Papio/*physiology ; *Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; *Reproduction ; Time Factors ; Weaning
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  • 23
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-12-01
    Description: The effect on intellectual ability of the spacing of the birth of siblings was studied in two series of young men from two-child families: (i) 535 pairs of brothers and (ii) 1511 unrelated firstborn and secondborn. Birth-order effect and level of ability were not influenced by length of interval between firstborn and secondborn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Belmont, L -- Stein, Z -- Zybert, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 1;202(4371):995-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/568823" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Birth Order ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Time Factors
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 1978-09-15
    Description: Maternal deprivation was associated with a decline in immunoreactive growth hormone in the serum of rat pups. Pups that were returned to the mother showed a rapid reversal in this deprivation-induced decrease. The change in growth hormone concentration was not accompanied by changes in the concentrations of prolactin, thyrotropin, or corticosterone in the serum, but were correlated with alteration in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase in the brain. Treatment of neonatal rat pups with cyprohepatadine, a serotonin antagonist that suppresses growth hormone secretion, resulted in a significant decline in both serum growth hormone concentration and brain ornithine decarboxylase activity. These findings suggest that maternal deprivation elicits a specific suppression of growth hormone release which mediates the decrease in ornithine decarboxylase activity. The study is consistent with clinical findings of impaired growth hormone "responsitivity" in human maternal deprivation syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuhn, C M -- Butler, S R -- Schanberg, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 15;201(4360):1034-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/physiology ; Brain/drug effects/enzymology ; Cyproheptadine/pharmacology ; Growth Hormone/*blood ; *Maternal Deprivation ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Prolactin/blood ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 1978-01-20
    Description: The relation between steroidogenesis induced by adrenocorticotropic hormone and the concentrations of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) was studied at different time intervals in isolated adrenal cells. Submaximal and supramaximal steroidogenic concentrations of the hormone did not cause detectable changes in cyclic AMP during the first 30 minutes, whereas there was an increase in the concentration of cyclic GMP that was accompanied by phosphorylation and steroidogenesis. It is therefore suggested that cyclic GMP, rather than cyclic AMP, is the physiological mediator of adrenocorticotropic hormone-induced adrenal steroidogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perchellet, J P -- Shanker, G -- Sharma, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 20;199(4326):311-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/202028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/*metabolism ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*pharmacology ; Corticosterone/*biosynthesis ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 1978-07-14
    Description: Long-term treatment of rats with haloperidol produced an increased sensitivity to the locomotor and stereotypic effect of apomorphine. This behavioral dopaminergic supersensitivity was accompanied by increased binding of [3H] spiroperidol in the striatum. Rats treated concurrently with lithium and haloperidol failed to develop both behavioral sensitivity to apomorphine and increased striatal dopamine receptor binding. The ability of lighium to prevent recurrent manicdepressive episodes may be related, in part, to its ability to stabilize dopaminergic receptor sensitivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pert, A -- Rosenblatt, J E -- Sivit, C -- Pert, C B -- Bunney, W E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 14;201(4351):171-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/566468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Haloperidol/pharmacology ; Humans ; Lithium/*pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine/*drug effects/metabolism ; Spiperone/metabolism ; Stereotyped Behavior/drug effects ; Time Factors
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 1978-02-24
    Description: Sixteen hours of light daily (114 to 207 lux) increased weight gains and milk yield 10 to 15% in Holstein cattle in comparison with cattle exposed to natural-length photoperiods (39 to 93 lux) of 9 to 12 hours. The weight gain was accomplished without increased consumption of feed. Manipulation of supplemental light may thus cause dramatic increases in food supplies from animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peters, R R -- Chapin, L T -- Leining, K B -- Tucker, H A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 24;199(4331):911-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle/*growth & development ; Female ; *Lactation ; *Lighting ; Pregnancy ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-11-24
    Description: A well-known solution of the diffusion equation gives an exponential square-root function as the frequency response for a one-dimensional diffusion or transmission process. When two or more such processes are cascaded, the result is still an exponential square-root characteristic, but with a longer time constant. This seems to explain why flicker thresholds obey the Kelly-Veringa diffusion model at high frequencies, even though the psychophysically inferred diffusion process is much slower than the first stage of visual transduction measured by, for example, late receptor potentials. Two such stages in tandem are sufficient to account for the psychophysical data, because the psychophysical time constant is proportional to the square of the number of stages involved. In addition, the nonlinear behavior of flicker thresholds under intense light adaptation can be explained if the loss factor in the first stage is proportional to the amount of the photopigment bleached. Apparently the flicker thresholds are governed by first- and second-order retinal neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelly, D H -- Wilson, H R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 24;202(4370):896-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Diffusion ; Flicker Fusion/*physiology ; Humans ; Light ; Models, Biological ; Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Retina/*physiology ; Retinal Pigments/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 29
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-01-20
    Description: The combination of a defined medium with single-pass perfusion has made possible long-term maintenance of beating rat hearts at 22 degrees C in vitro. The 6- to 9-day survival period appears to be the longest so far reported for hearts. This method provides a stable system which should be useful for investigating the role of single factors in myocardial preservation and evaluating the effects of exposure to pharmacological and toxicological agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linask, J -- Votta, J -- Willis, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 20;199(4326):299-301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/619456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culture Media ; *Heart ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/pathology ; Organ Preservation/*methods ; Perfusion ; Rats ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Tissue Preservation/*methods
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  • 30
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: Eye movements of stump-tailed monkeys were measured during learning of a long series of two-choice pattern discrimination problems. The amount of scanning per trial (shifts in visual fixation from one pattern to the other) and the duration of individual fixations on the patterns increased during the course of learning-set formation and (except for the amount of scanning by some animals) remained high during the prolonged training following learning-set formation. Some of the changes in eye movements were different from those seen during the learning of single discrimination problems, a difference that possibly reflects cognitive processes specific to the learning-set task.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schrier, A M -- Povar, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1362-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415365" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; *Eye Movements ; Haplorhini ; Macaca ; Time Factors
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-11-10
    Description: Egg chambers were injected into the abdomen of adult Drosophila. When cultured in this manner, even the earliest detectable developmental stage developed into fully mature eggs. Both isolated egg chambers and those still associated with ovarian structures developed equally well. Maturation occurred within host flies of both sexes in the absence of any hormone treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Srdic, Z -- Jacobs-Lorena, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 10;202(4368):641-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/100884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Male ; Oocytes/cytology ; *Oogenesis ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Ovary/*physiology/transplantation ; Time Factors ; Transplantation, Homologous
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  • 32
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-06-23
    Description: The major lethal factors in uncontrolled fires are toxic gases, heat, and oxygen deficiency. The predominant toxic gas is carbon monoxide, which is readily generated from the combusion of wood and other cellulosic materials. Increasing use of a variety of synthetic polymers has stimulated interest in screening tests to evaluated the toxicity of polymeric materials when thermally decomposed. As yet, this country lacks a standardized fire toxicity test protocol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Terrill, J B -- Montgomery, R R -- Reinhardt, C F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 23;200(4348):1343-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/208143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anoxia/mortality ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/etiology/mortality ; *Fires ; Forecasting ; Gases/*toxicity ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrochloric Acid/toxicity ; Hydrogen Cyanide/toxicity ; Physical Exertion ; Safety ; Time Factors
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