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  • Chromatographie, Dünnschicht  (19)
  • Bone
  • Neurosecretion
  • Springer  (39)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Irkutsk : Ross. Akad. Nauk, Sibirskoe Otd., Inst. Zemnoj Kory
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • Wiley
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1975-1979  (39)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1978  (39)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (39)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Irkutsk : Ross. Akad. Nauk, Sibirskoe Otd., Inst. Zemnoj Kory
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • Wiley
Years
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1975-1979  (39)
  • 1970-1974
Year
  • 1
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    Calcified tissue international 26 (1978), S. 47-49 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Matrix vesicles ; Calcospherites ; Mineralization ; Bone ; Dentin ; Cartilage ; SEM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Mineral particle cluster, corresponding to calcospherites or matrix vesicle-initiated clusters in calcifying cartilage and dentin and to collagen bundle-related mineralization in lamellar bone, have been isolated from NaOCl solutions used to dissolve the organic matrix in preparation of anorganic mineralizing fronts for scanning electron microscopy.
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  • 2
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    Calcified tissue international 26 (1978), S. 81-84 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoclasts ; Bone ; Resorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Osteoclastic bone resorption involves the solubilization of the mineral salts and the degradation of noncollagen bone matrix and collagen fibrils. As no recognizable collagen fibrils have ever been reported within cytoplasmic vacuoles in osteoclasts, it is generally assumed that the collagen fibrils are digested extracellularly in the resorption zone. The extent to which lysis occurs extracellularly and whether or not the osteoclasts phagocytose the degradation products remain to be established. In the present communication, a hypothesis is presented suggesting the possibility that osteoclastic resorption of bone involves the participation of two different cell types. According to this hypothesis, osteoclastic bone resorption is initiated by osteoclasts that demineralize areas of bone and degrade noncollagen bone matrix. After the osteoclasts have moved away or become partially detached from the demineralized site, the exposed collagen fibrils are phagocytosed by mononuclear, fibroblast-like or monocyte-derived cells.
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  • 3
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    Calcified tissue international 26 (1978), S. 155-161 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Plasma protein ; Glycoprotein ; Bone ; Glucosamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Plasmaα 2HS-glycoprotein is specifically accumulated in calcified tissues. In the present studies this glycoprotein was isolated from plasma and after iodination with iodine-125 was injected intravenously into young rabbits. The tissue distribution and plasma disappearance rate of this radioactively labeled material were determined. Of the various tissues studied, bone showed the greatest retention of labeled glycoprotein expressed as percentage of the injected dose per gram tissue relative to the plasma content. The rate of loss of iodinatedα 2HS-glycoprotein from plasma was similar to that ofα 2HS-glycoprotein labeled endogenously by using14C-glucosamine or3H-glucosamine. The uptake of exogenously labeled3I-α 2HS-glycoprotein into bone tissue expressed as a percentage of the injected dose was similar to that of endogenously labeled14C-α 2HS-glycoprotein. These results suggest that the125I-labeled material can be used to study further the metabolism ofα 2HS-glycoprotein by bone tissue.
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  • 4
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    Calcified tissue international 26 (1978), S. 209-213 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Mithramycin ; Bone ; β-Glucuronidase ; KT medium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Mithramycin suppresses bone resorption. Its effect on the synthesis and release of β-glucuronidase (a referent for lysosomal enzymes) in mouse calvarial explants was studied in an in vitro culture system. A newly described medium (designated as KT medium) was introduced in this specific study. Mithramycin initially inhibited the release of β-glucuronidase into the medium and resulted in an ultimate accumulation of this enzyme in the bone. These results suggest that inhibition of bone resorption by mithramycin may be attributed to interference in release of lysosomal enzymes from bone cells.
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  • 5
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    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 37-43 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: ESR ; Radiation free radicals ; CO3-Apatites ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Exposure of bone mineral to X-rays generates free radicals. These are usually very labile, but can be stabilized at liquid nitrogen temperatures for study by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The free radicals thus detected in the present study included one with resonances arising from an electron excess center and 2 species with electron-deficit centers: a phosphate anion radical and a radical associated with carbonate. Each of these radicals seemed to be located chiefly at the mineral surface and was sensitive to the surface environment. Presence of an organic phase, as in whole bone, modified free radical production in a manner that suggests interference with the formation of electron deficit centers. Comparison with other synthetic minerals suggests that precipitated carbonateapatites are good models for bone mineral.
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  • 6
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    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 227-232 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Parathyroid hormone ; Bone ; Calcium ; Chick embryo ; Organ culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to measure in an in vitro system the movement of Ca and phosphate (Pi) out of bone when treated with parathyroid hormone (PTH). Tibiae from 13-day chick embryos were incubated for up to 8 h in a defined medium containing 1.8 mM Ca. Medium samples were collected every 2 h and were analyzed for Ca, Pi and lactate. Net effluxes from the bones were calculated. When bones were incubated with PTH in the medium (1 U/ml), net Ca efflux was increased 44, 60 and 100% at 4, 6 and 8 h, respectively. At no time was net Pi efflux affected by the hormone. The well known PTH-stimulated lactate production was not seen until 8 h. Lower doses of PTH (0.1 and 0.3 U/ml) were also effective. Comparing PTH (1 U/ml) responsiveness at higher (2.2 mM) and lower (0.9 mM) medium Ca concentrations, showed that with 2.2 mM Ca no increased Ca efflux was seen, while with 0.9 mM Ca significant elevation in medium Ca occurred 2 h sooner than in the experiments using 1.8 mM Ca. In another experiment, varying the medium Pi level from 1 to 2 mM had no effect on the Ca response to PTH. In neither experiment was Pi release affected by PTH. The results of this study have led to the following conclusions: (1) PTH acts on bone to cause an early dose related increase in net Ca efflux; (2) the effect is specific for Ca, since it is not accompanied by an increased Pi efflux, and may be saturated by raising the medium Ca level; and (3) PTH-stimulated Ca efflux in this system is not correlated with, and is probably not a result of increased lactate production.
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  • 7
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    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 233-240 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Bone resorption ; Albumin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A fraction (brA), which causes resorption of fetal rat bones in vitro, has been concentrated from bovine serum albumin by anion exchange column chromatography on DEAE Sephadex. This active fraction has also been prepared using DEAE Sephadex A-50 by a batch method with a 0.09M NaCl, 0.1M TRIS buffer, pH 8.35. BrA was 10–30 times more potent than the original albumin. The retained material, which constitutes the bulk of the protein and has less activity than the original albumin, elutes with 0.45M NaCl. Similar treatment of serumα,β or γ globulins does not yield brA. Further enhancement of the bone resorbing activity of brA can be obtained with (NH4)2SO4 fractionation or extraction with CH3OH∶CHCl3. Heating at 55° C for 2 h or at 100° C for 10 min does not affect the activity; overnight incubation with protease destroys the bone resorbing effect. The bone resorbing activity is not removed by dialysis and does not correlate with the protease activity of the fraction. The action of brA is inhibited by 3 mM PO4, 1 μg/ml calcitonin or glucagon, 10−7 M dexamethasone or 0.02 μg/ml actinomycin D. The bone resorbing activity of brA is partially inhibited by 10−7–10−5 M indomethacin. PTH did not elicit bone resorption when added to cultures incubated in chemically defined medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/ml brA. However, brA did not inhibit PTH-induced resorption.
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  • 8
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    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 249-254 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Oestrogens ; Oestrogen receptors ; Binding proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Attempts were made to demonstrate the presence of specific oestrogen binding proteins (“receptors”) in bone cells. High speed cytosol preparations of bone were incubated with several concentrations of radioactive oestradiol alone and with radioactive oestradiol in the presence of a specific antioestrogen, Nafoxidine. Separation of bound and free oestradiol was carried out by dextran coated charcoal treatment and by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Several types of bones likely to be oestrogen-sensitive were investigated: human femoral heads, human phalanx, rat and rabbit calvaria, humeri and femora of female rats. In all experiments we were unable to demonstrate the presence of specific oestrogen receptors in bone cell cytosol indicating that the direct effect of oestrogens on bone, if present, is not mediated by specific oestrogen receptors.
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  • 9
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    Calcified tissue international 26 (1978), S. 85-89 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Histology ; Microradiography ; Densitometry ; Computer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A comparatively simple quantitative method for assessing bone morphology has been evolved. Microradiographs of thin sections of mandible have been scanned with a Joyce-Loebl double beam recording microdensitometer with a scanning autodensidater attachment, using a white beam. For each image the optical densities for all the pixels (picture elements) were divided into 10 groups. The limits of the division were fixed by the maximum and minimum densities occurring within the image. A computer generated map was produced which indicated the spatial distribution of the pixels within each group to which an arbitrarily chosen shading was attached. The number of pixels within each group is also shown on the map. The computer map was compared with the photomicrograph and, where necessary, the original section. The fractional area of hard tissue was then readily determined using the numerical values of each group of pixels.
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  • 10
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    Calcified tissue international 26 (1978), S. 139-142 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Chemisorption ; Surface area ; Hydroxyapatite ; Bone ; Enamel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The surface areas of three different samples of hydroxyapatite, samples of deproteinized bone, and samples of whole and deproteinized enamel were determined by adsorption of an adduct (the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with N-phenylglycine) from methylene chloride solution. In all cases, the surface areas of these samples agree well with those obtained by the BET (N2) method.
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  • 11
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    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 105-110 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Progesterone ; 17β estradiol ; Testosterone ; Tissue culture ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Although sex steroids are known to affect skeletal metabolism, their effects on bone collagen synthesis have not been studied. We have examined the direct effects of progesterone, 17β estradiol, testosterone, 5α dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone on bone collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis in cultures of calvaria obtained from 21-day fetal rats. Bones were incubated for 24 to 168 h and3H-proline was added for the last 2 h of culture. Incorporation of the label into collagenase-digestible protein (CDP)1 and noncollagen protein (NCP) was determined using repurified bacterial collagenase. Progesterone caused a dose dependent inhibition of the labeling of CDP at concentrations of 3×10−7 M to 10−5 M after 96 h of culture. A smaller inhibitory effect was observed on NCP. The inhibitory effect was slow in onset and persisted when bones were incubated for 48 h with progesterone and then transferred to control medium for 48 h. Progesterone also inhibited the incorporation of3H-thymidine and3H-uridine into fetal rat calvaria. After 24 h of culture, 17β estradiol and testosterone had no effects on the labeling of CDP and NCP. After 96 h, 17β estradiol had a small and inconsistent stimulatory effect on the labeling of CDP but testosterone had no effect. Neither hormone altered the inhibitory effects of parathyroid hormone, cortisol and progesterone. Dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone had no effects after 24 h and 96 h of culture. 17β estradiol, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone did not affect the incorporation of3H-uridine or3H-thymidine into fetal rat calvaria. Our studies indicate that progesterone is an inhibitor of bone collagen synthesis and estrogens and androgens are not major regulators of bone formation in vitro.
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  • 12
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    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 29-35 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Albumin ; Bone ; Growth retardation ; Osteomalacia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary 125I-labeled rat albumin injected intravenously into rats was taken up by growing bone. Some of this radioactive albumin could be removed from bone by washing with saline, the proportion so removed decreasing from 82.5% at 1 day to 7.4% at 8 days. Both the total radioactivity, and that remaining in bone after saline wash, were reduced when growth was slowed by alteration or restriction of the diet. Although the amount of125I albumin in rachitic bone was reduced, autoradiography showed that radioactivity was present in rachitic osteoid. Immunoprecipitation using anti-rat-albumin serum showed that about half of the radioactivity released from normal bone by EDTA was still attached to albumin. These results suggest that albumin plays some part in the growth of bone.
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  • 13
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 381-384 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Aminen, aromat. ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Remissionsmessung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung von aromatischen Aminen beschrieben. Diese werden dünnschicht-chromatographisch auf Kieselgel 60 F254 Fertigplatten in den Laufmitteln n-Propanol/Methanol/Wasser/Eisessig (65∶15∶15∶20; Vol.) oder n-Butanol/Wasser/Eisessig (66∶17∶17; Vol.) von den Begleitstoffen abgetrennt. Die getrennten Aminflecke werden entweder im Ultraviolett-Bereich oder nach Diazotierung im sichtbaren Bereich mit dem Chromatogramm-Spektralphotometer PMQ II nach der Remissionsmethode gemessen und anhand der auf derselben Platte aufgestellten Eichgerade ausgewertet. Die quantitative Bestimmung wird anhand der beiden Amine 5-Amino-2,4,6-trijod-isophthalsäurebis-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl-N-methylamid) (I) und 2,4,6-Trijod-3-aminobenzoesäure (II) in Röntgenkontrastmittelpräparaten (RKP) demonstriert. Sowohl im UV- als auch im sichtbaren Bereich, läßt sich in 3000 μg RK-Säure (RKS) noch 0,1 μg freies aromatisches Amin, das sind 0,003%, bezogen auf die eingesetzte Menge RKS, mit einer maximalen relativen Standardabweichung von 4% bestimmen. Diese Methode ist spezifischer und empfindlicher als die der Diazotierung in Lösung.
    Notes: Summary The aromatic amines are separated from impurities by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel 60 F254 precoated plates in the mobile solvents n-propanol/methanol/water/glacial acetic acid (65∶15∶15∶20; vol.) or n-butanol/water/glacial acetic acid (66∶17∶17; vol.). The separated amine spots are measured by the remission method by means of the TLC densitometer PMQ II, either in the u.v. region or, after diazotization, in the visible region, and evaluated on the basis of the linear calibration curve set up on the same plate. Quantitative determination is demonstrated by means of the two amines, 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid-bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl-N-methylamide) (I) and 2,4,6-triiodo-3-aminobenzoic acid (II), in radiopaque contrast media (RCM). Both in the u.v. and visible regions, it is still possible to determine 0.1 μg of free aromatic amine in 3000 μg of radiopaque contrast medium acid (RCA), or 0.003% in terms of the amount of RCA used, with a maximum relative standard deviation of 4%. This method is more specific and more sensitive than that of diazotization in solution.
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  • 14
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 135-137 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Desodorantien, Phenolderivaten in Kosmetika ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Phenolische Desodorantien in kosmetischen Präparaten lassen sich durch Umsetzung mit Echtrotsalz Al (Anthrachinondiazonium-chlorid-1) in wäßrig-alkalischer Lösung, Extraktion des gebildeten Azofarbstoffes mit einem organischen Lösungsmittel und anschließender Dünnschicht-Chromatographie schnell identifizieren. In den meisten Fällen ist die Abhängigkeit zwischen der Extinktion der Farbstofflösung und der eingesetzten Menge des betreffenden Desodorants linear, wodurch dann auch quantitative Bestimmungen möglich sind.
    Notes: Summary Phenolic compounds, used as deodorants in cosmetic products can be identified quickly by reaction with anthraquinonediazonium chloride-1 (Echtrotsalz Al) in aqueous alkaline medium, extraction of the azo dye with an organic solvent and separation by thinlayer chromatography. The relation between the absorbance of the coloured solution and the concentration of the deodorant concerned is generally linear; in these cases quantitative determinations are always possible.
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  • 15
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 291 (1978), S. 366-368 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von N-Heterocycl. Verbindungen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; CuSO4-imprägnierte Schichten, Fluorescenz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch die charakteristischen Fluorescenzfarben und die Fluorescenz-Thermochromie der CuJ-Komplexe lassen sich N-Heterocyclen auf Chromatogrammen meist einwandfrei identifizieren. Eine wesentliche Vereinfachung wird durch die Verwendung CuSO4-imprägnierter Kieselgelschichten erreicht. Die Nachweisempfindlichkeiten insbesondere bei tiefer Temperatur ändern sich im Vergleich zur ursprünglichen Technik kaum.
    Notes: Summary N-Heterocycles can usually be identified with certainty through the characteristic fluorescence colours and fluorescence-thermochromism of the CuI-complexes. The use of CuSO4-impregnated silica gel layers facilitates the procedure considerably, and scarcely reduces the sensitivity of detection, particularly at low temperature.
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  • 16
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 415-416 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Anorgan. Ionen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; mit p-Toluidin imprägnierte Schichten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 17
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    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 361-374 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subfornical organ ; Circumventricular organs ; CSF-contacting neurons ; Encephalo-chromaffin cells ; Neurosecretion ; Rana pipiens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ventricular surface of the subfornical organ of the frog is made up of ependymal cells with numerous apical microvilli, occasional cytoplasmic protrusions and many vacuoles projecting into the lumen of the third ventricle. Between these cells dendrites of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons reach the ventricle to terminate in bulbous enlargements. In addition, flask-shaped encephalo-chromaffin cells, containing granulated vesicles and aggregates of filaments in their cytoplasm, project into the cerebrospinal fluid. Surrounding the centrally located capillaries are enlarged dendrites and axons of heterogeneous morphology, some of which appear to originate within the subfornical organ, intermingled with dendrites and axons of normal structure. The glial cells in this region, especially the microglial cells, often contain large lipofuscin inclusions, suggestive of degeneration and subsequent phagocytosis of some of the enlarged dendrites and axons. The normally scarce neurosecretory peptidergic axons become more evident and form typical Herring bodies in stalk-transected animals. Neuronal perikarya of varying morphology are predominantly located peripheral to the region of enlarged dendrites and axons. Supraependymal macrophages are particularly numerous on the subfornical organ.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: α-Endorphin ; Neurosecretion ; Fish pituitary ; Hypothalamohypophyseal relationships ; Immunocytology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A strong positive immunoreaction with an α-endorphin antiserum occurs in two distinct sites of the goldfish and carp neurohypophysis. Fluorescent nerve terminals are found in the laminar nerve processes located in the rostral pars distalis, but the immunocytological reaction is mainly localised on the nerve processes of the posterior neurohypophysis lying between the intermediate lobe cells. Almost all the digitations of the neurohypophysis are strongly fluorescent. The immunoreactive fibres probably originate from the hypothalamus, where perikarya displaying the same immunoreaction have been found in the pars lateralis of the nucleus lateralis tuberis and in some minor centres. The possibility that the immunoreactive substances revealed on the neurohypophyseal processes may originate in the intermediate lobe cells is also discussed. It has now to be established if this hypothalamo-hypophyseal system contains a substance with endorphic properties or only some immunologically related substance devoid of the corresponding physiological activities.
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  • 19
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    Cell & tissue research 189 (1978), S. 435-440 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Sinus gland ; Synapses ; Palaemon ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two types of neurosecretory fibers, designated as Type 5 and Type 6 axons, in the sinus gland of the freshwater prawn, Palaemon, establish contact with other neurosecretory axons by means of synaptic junctions. This finding strongly supports the view that release of some neurohormones from the eyestalk may be regulated by neurosecretory neurons through synaptic transmission.
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  • 20
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    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 559-570 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nucleus praeopticus ; Neurosecretion ; Acipenseridae ; Quantitative study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The peptidergic neurosecretory cells (NSC) of the nucleus praeopticus (NP) of male and female sturgeons, A. güldenstädti Brandt, were studied light microscopically at different stages of their life cycle and under experimental conditions. Four main NSC types reflecting different phases of secretory cycle and life course of the cell have been tentatively distinguished. The maximum percentage of the high and moderate active NSC are found in juvenile animals in the sea (stages I and I–II of gonadal maturity, sgm), in upstream migrating fish in spring before spawning, in down-stream migrating fish 1–1.5 months after spawning, and in experimental fish kept for 8.5 hours in a 32‰ sodium chloride solution. The least active NSC accumulating neurosecretory material (NSM) are characteristic of juvenile fish (sgm II) in the sea, sturgeons maintained in a sodium chloride solution for 3.5 or 6 hours and fish which remained in a net, thrown to the sea, for some hours before fixation. The lowest percentage of these cells is observed in autumn migrants, in females soon after spawning (sgm VI) and in fish kept for 8.5 hours in a sodium chloride solution. Cells rich in basophilic substance and poor in NSM occur in juvenile and in down-stream migrating fish. Cells reflecting the state of exhaustion after hyperactivity and “ageing” cells are seen in adults, especially in sgm VI fish, and in autumn migrants. Pyknomorphous NSC are constantly present in all fish; they are most numerous in sturgeons found in a net. A diagram demonstrating the life course and the secretory cycle of the NSC is presented and the role of the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system (HHNS) under stress conditions is discussed.
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  • 21
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    Cell & tissue research 187 (1978), S. 315-321 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Tadpole, Alytes obstetricans ; Neurosecretion ; Somatostatin ; Immunofluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three sites of somatostatin-synthesizing perikarya, or a related antigen, were determined by immunofluorescence in the hypothalamus of the tadpole, Alytes obstetricans (Amphibia, Anura). Two sites of neurosecretory perikarya were localized in the preoptic nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus; the axons extended either to the anterior diencephalon or to the median eminence and the pituitary. The third site was found in the posterior hypothalamus. These neurosecretory cells showed a strong immunofluorescent reaction; their axons all terminated at the level of the median eminence. Somatostatin cells were only found in intact or hypophysectomized tadpoles given somatotropin (STH). The strong reaction observed in hypophysectomized tadpoles was possibly due to the loss of the terminal portion of the neurosecretory pathway (median eminence and pituitary) by which the agent is transported to the site of discharge.
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  • 22
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    Cell & tissue research 189 (1978), S. 41-51 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Herring bodies (rat) ; Colchicine ; Cold ; Neurosecretion ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study of the morphology of Herring bodies of the posterior pituitary lobe of rats treated with colchicine and/or exposed to low temperatures has been performed. After treatment with colchicine (20 μg in distilled water injected intracisternally) a predominance of Herring bodies with a large number of small “synaptic-like” vesicles surrounded by neurosecretory granules is found. Exposures to low temperature (4–6° C) result in an increase in the neurosecretory material and the Herring bodies show many neurosecretory granules of different densities. After treatment with colchicine and subsequent exposure to low temperatures, the Herring bodies are characterized by having a great number of autophagic bodies which become more numerous as the length of the exposure is increased; later autophagic vacuoles and lamellar bodies become evident.
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  • 23
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    Cell & tissue research 190 (1978), S. 235-246 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Cobalt backfilling ; Crustacea ; Sinus gland ; X organ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The topography of the neurosecretory system in the decapod eyestalk has not been precisely delineated with light microscopy. Cobalt iontophoresis and electron microscopy have proved useful in clarifying the microstructure of this system. The sinus gland (sg) of the crayfish eyestalk consists of aggregated axon terminals which end at or near the blood space, lontophoresing cobalt back through the cut base of the sinus glands reveals proximal cell bodies in the eyestalk only in the X organ (Xo) region. Electron microscopy demonstrates that axons from about 115 neurosecretory cell bodies in the Xo form the Xo-sg tract. Intermingled with these Xo somata are smaller non-neurosecretory cell bodies which do not send axons into the sinus gland. One of these exhibits catecholamine fluorescence. Backfilling also reveals a second group of fibres which run from the brain along the optic tract and into the sinus gland. These brain-sg fibres are smaller in diameter than Xo-sg axons and lack neurosecretory vesicles. From these fibres collaterals extend into the eyestalk neuropil, especially in the proximity of the visual elements. The possible function of these non-neurosecretory processes within the sinus gland is discussed.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lung ; Bufo marinus ; Innervation ; Adrenergic nerves ; Neurosecretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the toad (Bufo marinus) lung was studied with transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence techniques, both before and after 12 or 20 days close vagosympathetic denervation. Four cytologically distinct types of neuronal processes were recognised, in relation to the visceral muscles of the lung. These were described as cholinergic, adrenergic, nonadrenergic/non-cholinergic (NANC) and sensory on the basis of the characteristics of their vesicular content and cytochemical reactions. An apparent efferent innervation of visceral smooth muscle was achieved by NANC (50%), cholinergic (25%) and adrenergic (25%) fibres. A few sensory fibres were also present. After denervation only NANC fibres persisted, showing that the cell bodies of these fibres were intrapulmonary. The vascular smooth muscle was supplied by cholinergic, adrenergic and sensory fibres. In the walls of the proximal branches of the pulmonary artery were fibres containing large dense-cored vesicles. These profiles, which were associated with the vasa vasorum, were similar to neurosecretory fibres. After denervation all neural profiles associated with the vasculature had degenerated. The observations suggest that vagal vasodepressor effects in the toad lung are mediated indirectly through relaxation of visceral muscle strands which in their contracted state compress vascular channels.
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  • 25
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 45-48 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Prostaglandinen in Sperma ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A relatively simple procedure for the isolation and determination of the prostaglandins present in human seminal fluid is described. It involves preliminary chromatographic purification of these compounds from the major non-prostaglandin impurities followed by their total elution in one solvent (one-step elution). The prostaglandins thus obtained were almost free from other lipids and were further resolved into prostaglandin-groups and individual prostaglandins by repeated thin-layer chromatography. Data are also presented for prostaglandin contents of fresh semen samples from five individuals and results compared with those from the stored samples.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Verfahren umfaßt eine chromatographische Abtrennung der Verbindungen von den hauptsächlichsten Verunreinigungen und die Gesamtelution mit einem Lösungsmittel. Die von anderen Lipiden fast völlig freien Prostaglandine werden durch wiederholte Dünnschicht-Chromatographie in Gruppen und Einzelverbindungen getrennt. Werte werden angegeben über die Prostaglandingehalte von frischem im Vergleich zu gelagertem Sperma.
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  • 26
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 237-237 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von HCH-Salbe ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 27
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 238-238 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Dimethylarylazoisoxazolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 28
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 289 (1978), S. 110-111 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Identifizierung von Pemolin-Metaboliten im Harn ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; UV-, IR-, Massenspektren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 29
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 289 (1978), S. 285-286 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Trimethylzinnverbindungen in Dimethylzinn-di(thioglykolsäureisooctylester) ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 30
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 46-46 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Ionen, anorgan ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 31
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 46-47 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Rhodium und Iridium ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Anionenaustausch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 32
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 48-48 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Äthyl-2,3-dioxobutyrat-2-arylhydrazonen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Antineoplastica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 33
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 133-134 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Aminosäuren ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; automat. F luorimetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 34
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 157-157 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Digitoxinmetaboliten in Harn ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Radio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 35
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 138-140 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Mycotoxinen, Citrinin, Ochratoxin A, Aflatoxin M1, Penicillinsäure ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Graukeil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Spots of citrinin, ochratoxin A, aflatoxin M1 and penicillic acid on thin-layer chromatograms can be semi-quantitatively estimated by using a grey scale, commonly used in photo laboratories. The detection limits are 0.01 μg for citrinin, 0.006 μg for ochratoxin A, 0.002 μg for aflatoxin M1 and 0.01 μg for penicillic acid. Standard curves for these mycotoxins are given.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe eines in Photolabors gebräuchlichen Graukeils können dünnschicht-chromatographische Flecke der obengenannten Mycotoxine halbquantitativ bestimmt werden. Die Nachweisgrenzen betragen 0,01 μg für Citrinin, 0,006 μg für Ochratoxin A, 0,002 μg für Aflatoxin M1 und 0,01 μg für Penicillinsäure. Eichkurven werden angegeben.
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  • 36
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 291 (1978), S. 221-221 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Aminen, aromat. ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 37
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 291 (1978), S. 224-224 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Mercaptothiazolyl-benzothiazolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Seltenen Erden von Uran ; Photometrie ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Diäthyläther/Tetrahydrofuran/Bis-(2-äthylhexylphosphat)/HNO3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit dem Laufmittel Diäthyläther/Bis-(2-äthylhexylphosphat) (HDEHP)/Salpetersäure (100∶1∶3,5) können alle Seltenen Erden (S.E.) dünnschicht-chromatographisch (DC-Trennung) getrennt werden. Durch Variation von HDEHP und HNO3 ist es möglich, entweder die Rf-Werte der schweren oder leichten S.E. auseinander zu ziehen. Eine weitere DC-Trennung der S.E. gelingt mit dem Laufmittel Diäthyläther/Tetrahydrofuran/HDEHP/ HNO3. Nach der DC-Trennung werden die einzelnen S.E. auf zwei Wegen quantitativ bestimmt: a) Durch Auswertung der Fleckengröße, b) photometrisch nach Abkratzen der Flecken mit Neothorin. Als Analysen-Beispiel wird die Bestimmung von S.E. im ppm-Bereich in Spilitischem Schalstein gezeigt. Die relativen Standardabweichungen sind befriedigend.
    Notes: Summary All rare earths can be separated by TLC with the eluent diethyl ether/bis-(2-ethylhexylphosphate) (HDEHP)/nitric acid (100∶1∶3.5). It is possible to increase the R f-differences between either the heavy or the light rare earths by variation of HDEHP and HNO3. A further separation can be obtained by using diethyl ether/THF/HDEHP/HNO3 as an eluent. After TLC separation the rare earths can be determined quantitatively in two ways: (a) by evaluation of spot area, (b) by photometry with Neothorin as indicator after scraping the spots. The determination of rare earths in the ppm range in spilites is shown as an example. The relative standard deviations are satisfactory.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Prostaglandinen, Thromboxan, Prostaglandinendoperoxiden, 12-Hydroxyeicosantetraensäure, 12-Hydroxyheptadecatriensäure aus Thrombocyten ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; gebildet aus Arachidonsäure, radiochemisch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A three-step thin-layer chromatographic procedure is described for the isolation and measurement of the various compounds formed by human platelets from radioactive arachidonic acid. The data presented show that other unknown compounds may also be formed in substantial amounts. The method can be used on a routine basis by combining a two-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic separation with an additional TLC for a complete resolution of the prostaglandins and other products.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein dreistufiges TLC-Verfahren wird beschrieben zur Trennung und Bestimmung der verschiedenen Verbindungen, die durch Thrombocyten aus radioaktiver Arachidonsäure gebildet werden. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse zeigen, daß außer den oben genannten noch weitere unbekannte Verbindungen in wesentlichen Mengen gebildet werden können. Durch Kombination einer dreidimensionalen TLC mit einer weiteren TLC-Trennung kann eine vollständige, routinemäßige Analyse der Prostaglandine und anderen Verbindungen durchgeführt werden.
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