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  • Phytochrome  (17)
  • Chromatographie, Gas
  • Springer  (27)
  • Frontiers Media
  • 2015-2019
  • 1975-1979  (27)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1977  (27)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (27)
  • Frontiers Media
Years
  • 2015-2019
  • 1975-1979  (27)
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytochrome and phosphotungstate-chromate-positive vesicles from Cucurbita pepo L. (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 133 (1977), S. 169-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell fractionation ; Cucurbita ; Histochemical staining ; Phosphotungstate-chromate staining ; Phytochrome ; Plasma membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phosphotungstic acid-chromic acid (PTA-CrO3) stain, putatively specific for the plasma membrane of plants, has been used in an attempt to monitor the distribution of this membrane in a 20,000 x g particulate fraction from Cucurbita hypocotyl hooks. On discontinuous sucrose gradients, the relative distributions of the phytochrome and PTA-CrO3-positive vesicles present in this fraction appear to be correlated. When intact tissue is stained, however, other components, in addition to the plasma membrane, react positively to the stain. These components include prolamellar-body membranes, lipid droplets, and ribosomes. This lack of specificity calls into question the reliability of the technique for the unequivocal identification and accurate quantitation of plasma-membrane fragments in isolated particulate fractions. The present data do not, therefore, provide unambiguous evidence that phytochrome is associated with plasma membrane in tissue homogenates from Cucurbita.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391916
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of chlorophyll content on phytochrome measurements in turnip cotyledons (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 134 (1977), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Brassica ; Chlorophyll ; Cotyledons ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phytochrome determinations at 730/800 nm were performed on de-etiolated turnip (Brassica rapa L.) cotyledons in which chlorophyll (Chl) content had been reduced experimentally to varying degrees by pre-treatment with high temperature (HT), or transfer to 3% ethanol. The magnitude of detectable phytochrome depended on Chl content, showing a linear relationshop in vivo. The results were confirmed by an in vitro experiment where, however, the correlation was exponential. An attempt is made to illustrate phytochrome decay in continuous blue or red light after corretion for Chl interference. To overcome the possible objection that the higher Δ(ΔA) measured in continuous light after HT pre-treatment could be caused by a reduced rate of destruction, apparent re-synthesis following red light was measured after several hours of darkness during which time the HT effect was lost. Under these conditions HT pre-treated samples display a more realistic magnitude of apparent new synthesis and make correlation with a physiological response possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390087
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced appearance of phytochrome in soybean cell suspensions (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 134 (1977), S. 57-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell culture ; Clycine ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract No phytochrome can be detected spectrophotometrically in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Mandarin) cell suspensions grown in darkness. White light from a tungsten filament lamp and a band of far-red light have been found to induce the appearance of phytochrome in them. Red light failed to bring about phytochrome increase and destroyed the phytochrome induced by far-red light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390095
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorophyll interference with phytochrome measurement (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 135 (1977), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chlorophyll ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of phytochrome by Δ (ΔA725–815 nm) were completely suppressed at chlorophyll concentrations of the order of 20–40 μg g-1 f.wt. in vivo and 37 μg cm-3 in vitro, and the readings were reduced by 50% at only 12 μg cm-3 in vitro. At these concentrations of chlorophyll in aqueous methanol, the loss of phytochrome signal in vitro appeared to be due to failure of phytochrome photoconversion rather than to interference with ΔA measuremebt by chlorophyll fluorescence in the 125/815 nm measuring beam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387159
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoreception and photoresponses in the radish hypocotyl (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 136 (1977), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Blue-light-response ; Elongation ; High-irradiance-response ; Photomorphogenesis ; Phytochrome ; Raphanus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In etiolated hypocotyls of Raphanus sativus L. the growth responses to continuous red, far-red and blue light have been distinguished on the bases of photoreceptive sites and regions of physiological response. Blue light appeared to retard a fairly mature stage of elongation, acting immediately and directly on the cells irradiated. Far-red light caused a marked inhibition of all stages of elongation after a lag period, and the stimulus could be transmitted from the hook region. The effect of red light was complex and consisted of one promotive and two inhibitory responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396187
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Action spectra for the inhibition of growth in radish hypocotyls (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 136 (1977), S. 131-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Action-spectrum ; Blue-light photoreceptor ; High-irradiance-response ; Photomor-phogenesis ; Phytochrome ; Raphanus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In etiolated seedlings of Raphanus sativus L. the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by continuous light showed a major bimodal peak of action in the red and far-red, and two minor peaks in the blue regions of the spectrum. It is argued that, under conditions of prolonged irradiation, phytochrome is the pigment controlling the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by red and far-red light, but that its mode of action in far-red is different from that in red. A distinct pigment is postulated for blue light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396188
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Regulation of enzyme levels by phytochrome in mustard cotyledons: Multiple mechanisms? (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 136 (1977), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Enzyme Regulation ; Sinapis alba ; Phytochrome ; Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ; Ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phytochrome controls the appearance of many enzymes in the mustard (Sinapis alba L.) cotyledons. The problem has been whether the effect of phytochrome on the appearance of enzymes in this organ is due to a common initial action of Pfr, e.g. due to the liberation of a “second messenger”. We have compared the modulation by light (phytochrome) of the appearance of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)+ and ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (Carboxylase)+. PAL becomes detectable in the mustard cotyledons at 27 h after sowing while Carboxylase starts to appear only at 42 h after sowing (starting points, 25° C). The starting points cannot be shifted by light. As a major result, in the case of PAL the inductive effect of continuous red light (given from the time of sowing) remains fully reversible by 756 nm-light up to the starting point (27 h after sowing) while with Carboxylase full reversibility in continuous red light is lost at approximately 15 h after sowing. While the induction of Carboxylase is already saturated at a very low level of Pfr (e.g. continuous 756 nm-light saturates the response) and does not depend on irradiance (e.g. continuous 675 mW m-2 red light and 67.5 mW m-2 red light lead to the same time course), PAL induction is a graded response over a wide range of Pfr doses and depends strongly on the fluence rate (high irradiance response, HIR). It is concluded that PAL induction and Carboxylase induction are not only separated in time but differ in every regard except that both responses are mediated by phytochrome. The present data support the previous conclusion that the specification of the temporal and spatial pattern of development is independent of phytochrome even though the realization of the pattern of development can only occur in the presence of phytochrome (Pfr). It seems that there is no feedback from pattern realization to pattern specification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396196
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Phytochrome and potassium uptake by mung bean hypocotyl sections (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 137 (1977), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Phaseolus ; Phytochrome ; Potassium uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Uptake of potassium (K) and 86rubidiumlabelled potassium (86Rb) by sub-hypocotyl hook sections of Phaseolus aureus L. was inhibited by red light. The effect was reversible with far red light. Using short exposures of high irradiance the effect on 86Rb-labelled K uptake was observed after 5 min. The response showed no specificity for a particular anion. Uptake of 86Rb-labelled K by sections cut immediately below the cotyledons was enhanced by red light after 10 min incubation and was also far red reversible. These results are interpreted as a rapid phytochrome-induced change in membrane properties resulting in modified K uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394436
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Phytochrome and calcium ions are involved in light-induced membrane depolarization in Nitella (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 137 (1977), S. 225-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Calcium Ions ; Membrane potential ; Nitella ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Isolated internodes of Nitella (N. opaca, N. flexilis) and Nitellopsis spec. were punctured with single microelectrodes and their membrane potentials were recorded continuously during various light treatments. In red light the initial response was always a depolarization. This depolarization began with a lag-time of 0.4-3.5s and reached a steady state within 1–2 min of continuous illumination. Repolarization began within several seconds after turning off the light. The magnitude of the red-light-induced depolarization increased with the Ca2+-concentration of the medium. The largest depolarizations were recorded in 5 m mol l-1 Ca2+. Ca2+ could not be replaced in this function by Na+, Mg2+, La3+ or mannitol. Far-red light alone had no effect on the resting membrane potential. Far-red light applied immediately after red light accelerated the repolarization of the membrane potential. Far-red light applied simultaneously with red light reduced the amount of depolarization and increased the rate of repolarization. The results indicate that phytochrome and Ca2+ are involved in the light-induced depolarization of the membrane. They are consistent with the hypothesis that phytochrome may act by triggering a Ca2+-influx at the plasma membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388154
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Phytochrome modulation of ATPase activity in a membrane fraction from Phaseolus (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 137 (1977), S. 203-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: ATPase ; Membrane ; Phaseolus ; Photomorphogenesis ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Membrane-bound phytochrome and ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase EC 3.6.1.3.) activity extracted from hypocotyl hooks of etiolated Phaseolus aureus Roxb. were both separated from solute proteins by gel filtration on Sepharose C1-2B. The amount of phytochrome detected in the membrane fraction was very small and was not significantly increased by red irradiation (in vivo or in vitro). Membrane-bound ATPase activity was modulated in vitro by the phytochrome in the membrane fraction, being lower after red light than after far-red light. This effect was potentiated by a preliminary light reaction which occurred only in vivo and, in continuous red light, required 60 to 90 s at 25°C. Thus a two minute, in vivo, red irradiation reduced membrane-bound ATPase activity to about half that of the etiolated state. Subsequently bound-ATPase activity was determined by the form of phytochrome (Pr or Pfr) irrespective of whether established in vivo or in vitro. These results indicate that binding or release (of enzyme, cofactors or inhibitors) is not involved in phytochrome modulation of enzyme activity in the membrane fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388151
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  • 11
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    Nature of light requirement for the flowering of Chenopodium rubrum L. (Ecotype 60° 47′ N) (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 133 (1977), S. 103-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chenopodium rubrum ; Flowering ; High Energy Reaction ; Photosynthesis ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seedlings of C. rubrum were irradiated with different light qualities and intensities following a single inductive dark period. Our results show that relatively low intensity white light (35–100 ft. c.) does not support flower development while high intensity white light (650–800 ft. c.) permits 100% flowering. We have shown that the low intensity light inhibiton of flower development is not due to suboptimal photosynthesis. Relatively low intensities of light rich in far-red or blue wavebands sustains optimum flower development, whereas red light is totally ineffective in this respect. Considering that the intensity dependent High Energy Reaction (HER) has its action maxima in the blue and far-red we propose that HER may be positively involved in the flower development of C. rubrum. Our study further suggests that there may be some flower inhibitory component at play in relatively low intensity white light conditions and HER may be required to counteract this flower inhibitory effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391905
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  • 12
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    Photocontrol of stem elongation in light-grown plants of Fuchsia hybrida (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 133 (1977), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Fuchsia ; Internode development ; Photoperiodism ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stems of the caulescent long-day plant, Fuchsia hybrida cv Lord Byron, showed 2 types of response to light. In one, internode length was increased by far-red irradiation given at the end of an 8 h photoperiod: the response was no greater with prolonged exposure and was less when the start of far-red was delayed. The effect of far-red was reversible by a subsequent exposure to red light. Internode length was inversely proportional to the Pfr/P ratio established before entry to darkness and there was no evidence for loss of Pfr during a 16 h dark period. The inhibitory effect of Pfr acted at a relatively late stage of internode growth. With the development of successive internodes a second response appeared in which stems lengthened following prolonged daily exposures to red or far-red light, or mixtures of the two, or to brief breaks with red or white light. In these later internodes, a short exposure to far-red near the middle of the night was not reversible by red because red alone promoted elongation at this time. Internode length increased with increase in the daily duration of light and, when light was given throughout an otherwise dark period of 16 h, with increase in illuminance to a saturation value of 200 lx from tungsten lamps. Elongation increased as a linear function of decrease in photostationary state of phytochrome down to Pfr/P≃0.3; however, internodes were shorter in far-red light than in 25% red/red+far-red. It was concluded that stem length is a net response to two modes of phytochrome action. An inductive effect of Pfr inhibits a late stage in internode expansion, and a phytochrome reaction which operates only in light (and may involve pigment cycling) promotes an early stage of internode development. Stem elongation is thus a function both of the daily duration of light and its red/red+far-red content. The outgrowth of axillary buds was controlled by the first type of phytochrome action only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391913
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  • 13
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    Nature of light requirement for the flowering of Chenopodium rubrum L. (Ecotype 60° 47′ N) (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 133 (1977), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chenopodium rubrum ; Flowering ; High Energy Reaction ; Photosynthesis ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seedlings of the short-day plant, Chenopodium rubrum L. (Ecotype 60° 47′ N) were irradiated with different intensities and qualities of light for 24 h preceding a single inductive dark period (12 h). Our data shows that a relatively low intensity incandescent light (35–100 ft. c.) is not effective as the photoperiod for flowering. The above effect is not due to a requirement for a relatively high level of photosynthesis. Our results suggest a definite promotory role of a blue High Energy Reaction (HER). We could not demonstrate the involvement of a far-red HER. We suggest that ineffectiveness of far-red may have been due to establishment of rather low Phytochrome, P FR , levels, suboptimal for flowering. A certain critical level of P FR (30–40%, that presumably established by blue light) seems to be necessary for photoreactions involved in flowering of C. rubrum. There are indications in our experiments of the operation of a red radiation mediated flower inhibitory photoreaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391904
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  • 14
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    The capacity of chlorophyll-a biosynthesis in the mustard seedling cotyledons as modulated by phytochrome and circadian rhythmicity (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 133 (1977), S. 295-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: 5-Aminolaevulinic acid ; Chlorophyll synthesis ; Circadian rhythm ; Phytochrome ; Sinapis alba L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Within the temporal pattern of “primary differentiation” the capacity of chlorophyll — a biosynthesis in the cotyledons ofSinapis alba L. seedlings is controlled by phytochrome (in continuous light) or by releasing the circadian rhythm either with lightdark cycles or by a light→dark transition. The sensor pigment for this process is phytochrome. It is very probable that in continuous light as well as under conditions under which the circadian rhythm plays the major part, the capacity of chlorophyll a biosynthesis is limited by the capacity of the biosynthetic step which produces 5-aminolaevulinate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380692
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  • 15
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    Light-induced changes in the photoresponses of plant stems the loss of a high irradiance response to far-red light (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 135 (1977), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: De-etiolation ; High-irradiance response ; Photomorphogenesis ; Phytochrome ; Raphanus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract De-etiolation results in phytochrome destruction, greening, and the loss of the far-red high irradiance responses (HIR). Evidence is presented against the hypothesis that the loss of the far-red HIR is a direct consequence of phytochrome destruction. Loss of the far-red HIR for the inhibition of elongation in hypocotyls of Raphanus sativus involves two different, but linked, actions of phytochrome. An induction reaction requires the far-red absorbing form of phytochrome for about 20 min after which accumulation of its product depends only on time. A second reaction requires continuous light or frequent short irradiations and involves cycling of the phytochrome system. This acts on the product of the induction reaction. It is proposed that in green plants an important mode of operation of phytochrome in the light depends on pigment cycling, and that during de-etiolation this system is established under phytochrome control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387156
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  • 16
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    The loss of phytochrome photoreversibility in vitro (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 135 (1977), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Killer ; Phytochrome ; Pisum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract “Killer”, a substance extracted from stem tissue of etiolated pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L. v. Alaska), interacts specifically with the far-red-absorbing form of phytochrome (Pfr) in vitro in a temperature-independent, rapid, stoichiometric fashion to cause a loss of phytochrome photoreversibility. The chromatographic, solubility, and spectral properties of partially purified fractions indicate that Killer is a cyclic, unsaturated molecule containing ionizible hydroxyl groups; its molecular weight is unknown, although probably low. Possible mechanisms by which the Killer-phytochrome interaction results in the loss of photoreversibility are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384893
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  • 17
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    The role of cotyledons in phototropism of de-etiolated seedlings (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 135 (1977), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Blue light ; Cotyledons ; Cucumis ; Helianthus ; Phototropism ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Simulated “phototropic” curvatures caused by differential masking of the cotyledons of de-etiolated seedlings exposed to white light are unconnected with true phototropism. In Cucumis sativus L. and Helianthus annuus L. such curvatures result from a red-light-induced inhibition coming from the exposed cotyledon. True phototropic bending in these species under long-term exposure to fairly high irradiances (as in nature) is a response to blue light. It occurs even when cotyledons are completely covered. These results show that the cotyledons do not perceive the phototropic stimulus and need not be illuminated for phototropism to occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387975
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  • 18
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    Retentionsindices n-aliphatischer Schwefelverbindungen (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 45-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Schwefelverbindungen, aliphat ; Chromatographie, Gas ; Zusammenstellung von Retentionsindices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446017
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  • 19
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    Gas-chromatographische Trennung und Bestimmung einiger Kationen als Diäthyldithiophosphinatochelate (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 107-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Kationen als Diäthyldithiophosphinatochelate ; Chromatographie, Gas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das thermogravimetrische und gas-chromatographische Verhalten einiger Bis-(diäthyldithiophosphinato) chelate wird beschrieben. Beispiele für Trennungen und Bestimmungen anorganischer Kationen (Zn, Cd, Co, Ni, Pb) werden gegeben.
    Notes: Abstract The thermogravimetric and gas-chromatographic behaviour of some bis-(diethyldithiophosphinato) chelates is described. Examples for the separation and determination of several inorganic cations (Zn, Cd, Co, Ni, Pb) are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00573708
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  • 20
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    Application of a micro carbon rod atomizer as Br-spezific gas-chromatographic detector (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 103-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Brom in organ. Verbindungen ; Chromatographie, Gas ; Mikrographitküvette als Br-spezifischer Detektor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A micro carbon rod atomizer has been employed for specific and quantitative bromine determinations. This Br-specific gas-chromatographic detector works by help of InBr-bands and measurement at 372.7 nm. The performance of this flame band emission detector (FBD) is demonstrated by calibration curves and the detection limits of 2 examples (ethyl bromide, ethylene dibromide), the latter being 5 and 36 ng of bromine, respectively. The reproducibility has been found to be 4.3%. An example of this detector in comparison with a thermoconductivity detector (TCD) is presented.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Mikro-Graphit-Küvette wird für spezifische quantitative Brombestimmungen nach der Indium-Methode bei 372,7 nm benützt und in Verbindung mit einem Gas-Chromatographen als Br-spezifischer Detektor eingesetzt. Die Leistungsfähigkeit dieses Detektors wird an 2 Beispielen (Äthylbromid, Dibromäthan) mit Hilfe von Eichkurven, Bestimmung von Nachweisgrenzen u. ä. demonstriert. Die Nachweisgrenzen liegen bei 5 bzw. 36 ng Brom für die 2 genannten Substanzen. Die Reproduzierbarkeit der Messungen liegt bei 4,3%. Ein Beispiel für die Registrierung eines Gemisches verschiedener Substanzen, gemessen mit dem GC + Flammen-Banden-emissions-Detektor (FBD) und zum Vergleich mit einem Wärmeleitfähigkeitsdetektor (TCD), wird dargestellt.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00573707
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  • 21
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    Automated clean-up procedure for the analysis of sugars and acids in food (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 238-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Zuckern, organ. Säuren in Lebensmitteln ; Chromatographie, Gas ; automatisches Aufarbeitungsverfahren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In the gas-chromatographic analysis of sugars and acids in foodstuffs, isolation and purification of the two types of components is time-consuming and laborious. An automated clean-up procedure, based on ion-exchange, has therefore been developed. A liquid food sample is successively percolated over a cation and anion and a cation exchanger. Sugars and acids are collected under the second and third column, respectively. A time programmer operates a set of pumps and a pneumatic valve system enabling simultaneous regeneration of columns not being eluted. Hence, handling of samples is continuous; each clean-up cycle takes 50 min.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine flüssige Nahrungsmittelprobe wird nacheinander über einen Kationen-, einen Anionen- und einen Kationenaustauscher perkoliert. Die Zucker und die Säuren werden abgetrennt und im Eluat der zweiten bzw. dritten Austauschersäule gefunden. Ein Steuergerät schaltet auf Zeitbasis eine Gruppe von Pumpen und ein System mit pneumatischen Hähnen derart, daß in einem Cyclus (50 min) die Substanzen eluiert und die Säulen regeneriert werden. Anschließend werden die Proben verarbeitet. Einige Ergebnisse verschiedener Nahrungsmittel werden angeführt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00453569
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of 3-sulfolene in sulfolane by reaction gas chromatography (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 286 (1977), S. 219-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von 3-Sulfolen in Sulfolan ; Chromatographie, Gas ; Best. als 1,3-Butadien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A simple gas-liquid chromatographic method has been developed for determining 3-sulfolene in sulfolane. The method involves thermal decomposition of sulfolene and determination of the 1.3-butadiene evolved, by GLC. Influence of the operating parameters on quantitative decomposition of sulfolene has been studied. The accuracy of the method as studied in the concentration range from 0.05 to 4.0 % (w/v) of 3-sulfolene in sulfolane is found to be within ±3.0%. It is rapid and sensitive down to 10 ppm and has potentialities for on-line applications also.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine einfache gas-chromatographische Methode wurde entwickelt, die auf der thermischen Zersetzung der Probe und der Bestimmung des dabei aus 3-Sulfolen gebildeten 1,3-Butadiens beruht. Der Einfluß der einzelnen Parameter wurde untersucht. Innerhalb eines Konzentrationsbereichs von 0,05–4,0% 3-Sulfolen ergaben sich Fehler von ±3%. Das Verfahren ermöglicht bis herab zu 10 ppm eine schnelle und empfindliche Bestimmung und eignet sich auch zum on-line Betrieb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01155591
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-chromatographische Bestimmung des Arsens als Trimethylsilylarsenat in biologischem Material (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 286 (1977), S. 226-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Arsen in biolog. Material ; Chromatographie, Gas ; Trimethylsilylarsenat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur gas-chromatographischen Bestimmung von Arsen in biologischem Material wird die Probe in einer Teflon-Bombe aufgeschlossen, das Arsen mit Dithiocarbamat extrahiert, oxidiert und mit Methyltrimethylsilylheptafluorbutyramid silyliert. Die gas-chromatographische Bestimmung läßt sich bis zu einem Arsengehalt von 0,1 ppm ausführen. Die Methode wurde radiochemisch überprüft. Der Einsatz eines flammenphotometrischen Detektors gegenüber einem Flammenionisationsdetektor brachte keine Vorteile.
    Notes: Abstract Organic matter is destroyed by acid oxidation in a Teflon bomb. Arsenic is extracted by dithiocarbamate, oxidized, and silylized by methyl-trimethylsilyl-heptafluorobutyramide. 0.1 ppm and more of arsenic can be determined by gas chromatography of trimethylsilyl arsenate. The method was controlled by radiochemical analysis. For the detection of arsenic, a flame photometric detector is not more advantageous than a flame ionisation detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01155593
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-chromatographische Kontrolle der Herstellung von Dimethylterephthalat. I. Analyse des Rohesters (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 286 (1977), S. 253-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Dimethylterephthalat ; Chromatographie, Gas ; Rohester
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01155609
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Analytik von Celluloseäthergruppen (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 286 (1977), S. 161-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Celluloseäthergruppen ; Chromatographie, Gas ; Spaltung mit HJ oder HBr, Übersicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden Methoden und Apparaturen zur qualitativen und quantitativen Bestimmung von Äthergruppen in Cellulosederivaten mit einer oder mehreren Alkoxyl- und Hydroxyalkylgruppen (C1-nC4) beschrieben. Die Ätherspaltung erfolgt im allgemeinen mit Jodwasserstoffsäure und in Sonderfällen mit Bromwasserstoffsäure. Als Reaktionsprodukte entstehen Monojodalkane und Alkene oder Monobromalkane und Dibromalkane. Diese werden der gas-chromatographischen Trennung unterworfen, über die Retentionszeit identifiziert und durch Titration oder über das Gas-Chromatogramm quantitativ bestimmt.
    Notes: Abstract A report is given on methods and apparatus for the qualitative and quantitative determination of ether groups in cellulose derivatives with one or more alkoxyl and hydroxyalkyl groups (C1-nC4). Ether splitting generally takes place with hydriodic acid and in special cases with hydrobromic acid. The resulting reaction products are monoiodoalkanes and alkenes or monobromoalkanes and dibromoalkanes, which are subjected to gas chromatographic separation and identified via the retention time and quantitatively evaluated by titration or via the gas chromatogram.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01155583
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the feasibility of the numerical Laplace Transform in the calculation of the statistical moments in GC (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 287 (1977), S. 112-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Gas ; Berechnung statistischer Momente, Laplace-Transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Statistical moments may be used to augment the information content of stored GC data. Their calculation can be performed either directly by the methods of statistics or by the numerical Laplace Transform. It was found that the direct statistical computation will yield the better results.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die statistischen Momente können zur Erhöhung der Aussagekraft von GC-Daten verwendet werden. Diese Berechnungen können auf dem Weg der Statistik direkt oder mittels numerischer Laplace-Transformation durchgeführt werden. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die direkte statistische Bestimmung der numerischen Laplace-Transformation vorzuziehen ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439849
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-chromatographic determination of a mixture of testosterone and oestradiol esters in oily injection (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 288 (1977), S. 281-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Testosteronestern, Östradiolestern in Injektionslösungen ; Chromatographie, Gas ; ölige Lösung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A gas-liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of testosterone and oestradiol esters in oily injection. The separation of the steroids from the injection is performed by partition in the acetonitrile-hexane system. For gas chromatography the oestradiol esters were preliminary transformed to their mono-TMS derivatives. For the separation Dexsil 400 was preferably used as stationary phase. Mestranol was employed as internal standard for quantitation. A complete separation for all the individual components can be achieved within 12 min. The relative standard deviation is in the range of 1–1.5%.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Abtrennung der Steroide aus der Injektionslösung erfolgt durch Extraktion mit Acetonitril und n-Hexan. Zur Gas-Chromatographie werden die Östradiolester in die Mono-trimethylsilylderivate übergeführt. Als stationäre Phase dient vorzugsweise Dexsil 400. Zur quantitativen Bestimmung wird Mestranol als inneren Standard benutzt. Eine vollständige Trennung der Ester läßt sich innerhalb von 12 min erreichen. Die relative Standardabweichung liegt im Bereich von 1–1,5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539396
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