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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (5,174)
  • Chemical Engineering  (730)
  • AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER  (487)
  • 1975-1979  (6,391)
  • 1978  (3,264)
  • 1977  (3,127)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1975-1979  (6,391)
Year
  • 1
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    Optimal control of a supersonic inlet to minimize frequency of inlet unstart (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-02
    Description: A preliminary investigation into the use of modern control theory for the design of controls for a supersonic inlet is described. In particular, the task of controlling a mixed-compression supersonic inlet is formulated as a linear optimal stochastic control and estimation problem. An inlet can exhibit an undesirable instability due to excessive inlet normal shock motion. For the optimal control formulation of the inlet problem, a non quadratic performance index, which is equal to the expected frequency of inlet unstarts, is used. This physically meaningful performance index is minimized for a range of inlet disturbance and measurement noise covariances.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA, Washington Fourth Inter-Center Control Systems Conf.; p 323-335
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  • 2
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    Aircraft engines (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Thrust and weight requirements of aircraft engines in general are discussed. The characteristics and operating principles of various types of air breathing and rocket engines are described.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Soviet Aircraft and Rockets (NASA-TT-F-770); p 81-139
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  • 3
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    Normal shock and restart controls for a supersonic airbreathing propulsion system (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-28
    Description: Results of experimental investigations to control a supersonic mixed-compression inlet coupled to a turbojet engine are presented. Special instrumentation and servoactuators were developed to have sufficiently fast dynamic response so that basic propulsion system dynamics were the main limitation to controllability. In some cases servoactuator input signals were electronically limited to simulate moderate performance flight hardware.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA, Washington Fourth Inter-Center Control Systems Conf.; p 299-321
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  • 4
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    Streamtube analysis of a hydrogen-burning scramjet exhaust and simulation technique (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A scramjet/airframe integration program and a technique for simulating thermally perfect scramjet exhaust flows (freon/argon gas blends) is studied to extend the technique to more complicated flows approaching the actual exhaust flow in complexity. The state of the flow and the accuracy of the substitute gas simulation are analyzed in the case of a shock discontinuity present. Findings are: scramjet exhaust flow is essentially frozen throughout the expansion at Mach 6 and Mach 8; flow behind moderate shocks remains frozen; the technique can accurately track static distributions in scramjet exhaust flows (shocked or unshocked).
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 14; Sept
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  • 5
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    How good is jet lift VTOL technology (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The status of technologies for jet-lift V/STOL aircraft is examined, and a critical review of the performance of jet-lift VTOL aircraft built to date is made. Most jet-lift aircraft have suffered from adverse propulsion-induced effects during takeoff and landing. Flight dynamics of jet-lift aircraft have suffered from shortcomings in static and dynamic stability, control characteristics, and flight path control. Some of the main problems to be considered during the selection of a propulsion system arrangement for a V/STOL fighter are discussed. At present, experimental and analytical data on supersonic V/STOL configurations are insufficient to permit evaluating propulsion system arrangements.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 15; Dec. 197
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  • 6
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    Effect of endwall cooling on secondary flows in turbine stator vanes (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-19
    Description: An experimental investigation was performed to determine the effect of endwall cooling on the secondary flow behavior and the aerodynamic performance of a coreturbine stator vane. The investigation was conducted in a cold-air, full-annular cascade, where three-dimensional effects could be obtained. Two endwall cooling configurations were tested. In the first configuration, the cooling holes were oriented so that the coolant was injected in line with the inviscid streamline direction. In the second configuration, the coolant was injected at an angle of 15 deg to the inviscid streamline direction and oriented toward the vane pressure surface. In both cases the stator vanes were solid and uncooled so that the effect of endwall cooling could be obtained directly. Total-pressure surveys were taken downstream of the stator vanes over a range of cooling flows at the design, mean-radius, critical velocity ratio of 0.778. Changes in the total-pressure contours downstream of the vanes were used to obtain the effect of endwall cooling on the secondary flows in the stator. Comparisons were made between the two cooled-endwall configurations and with the results obtained previously for solid endwalls.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: AGARD Secondary Flows in Turbomachines; 29 p
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  • 7
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    Gas turbine engine emissions - Problems, progress and future (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The current status of the problem of gas turbine engine emissions is reviewed. Presently promulgated EPA standards and their implications for aircraft gas turbines are discussed. The progress and status of emissions reduction technology programs and other efforts which have emphasized advanced combustor technology are reviewed in detail. Also examined are those efforts underway to determine the emissions floor and incorporate those techniques into practical combustors of the future.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science; 4; 2, 19; 1978
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  • 8
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    Multitube turbojet noise-suppression studies using cross-correlation techniques (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The noise-generating region of a suppressed turbojet exhaust is studied by cross-correlating static pressure fluctuations within the exhaust with far-field sound for Mach numbers up to 0.99, using a 31-tube nozzle having an area ratio of 3.1. Measurements made with an unsuppressed turbojet exhaust having an equivalent area ratio and operating under effectively equal thrust loads serve as the experimental control. Static pressure-level measurements, made with a calibrated high-temperature acoustically damped probe tube, show that noise suppression by multitube nozzles results from reduced turbulence levels. The maximum fluctuating static-pressure level in the unsuppressed turbojet exhaust is typically 5-6 dB higher than static-pressure levels in the suppressed exhaust under conditions of effectively equal static thrust. This suggests that the turbulence intensity in the multitube suppressor flow is reduced in excess of 20% compared with the unsuppressed jet exhaust.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Acoustical Society of America; vol. 63
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  • 9
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    Propulsion (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: NASA aims at developing propulsion technology to reduce the fuel consumption of present engines by 5%, that of new engines of the late 1980s by at least 12%, and that of an advanced early 1990s turboprop by an additional 15%. This paper reviews three separate NASA programs which take up these aims. They are, respectively, Engine Component Improvement, Energy Efficient Engine, and Advanced Turboprops.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 16; July-Aug
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  • 10
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    Engine requirements for future general aviation aircraft (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The market place is examined for general aviation aircraft into the 1980's. The visible constraints that engine manufacturers must face regardless of the type of cycle are indicated.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center The Rotary Combust. Engine; p 175-186
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  • 11
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    Review of the Rhein-Flugzeugbau Wankel powered aircraft program (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The development of light aircraft with special emphasis on modern propulsion systems and production is discussed in terms of the application of rotary engines to aircraft. Emphasis is placed on the integrated ducted-fan propulsion system using rotary engines.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center The Rotary Combust. Engine; p 109-122
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  • 12
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    Update of development on the new Audi NSU rotary engine generation (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Rotary engines with a chamber volume of 750 cc as a two rotor automotive powerplant, called KKM 871 are described. This engine is compared to a 3 liter or 183 cubic inch, six-cylinder reciprocating engine. Emphasis is placed on exhaust emission control and fuel economy.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center The Rotary Combust. Engine 85-107 (SEE N79-15961 07-07)
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  • 13
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    Rotary engine developments at Curtiss-Wright over the past 20 years and review of general aviation engine potential (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The development of the rotary engine as a viable power plant capable of wide application is reviewed. Research results on the stratified charge engine with direct chamber injection are included. Emission control, reduced fuel consumption, and low noise level are among the factors discussed in terms of using the rotary engine in general aviation aircraft.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center The Rotary Combust. Engine; p 123-174
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  • 14
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    Development status of rotary engine at Toyo Kogyo (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Progress in the development of rotary engines which use a thermal reactor as the primary part of the exhaust emission control system is reviewed. Possibilities of further improvements in fuel economy of future rotary engines are indicated.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center The Rotary Combust. Engine; p 37-84
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  • 15
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    General aviation energy-conservation research programs (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A review is presented of nonturbine general aviation engine programs underway at the NASA-Lewis Research Center. The program encompasses conventional, lightweight diesel, and rotary engines. Its three major thrusts are: (1) reduced SFC's; (2) improved fuels tolerance; and (3) reducing emissions. Current and planned future programs in such areas as lean operation, improved fuel management, advanced cooling techniques, and advanced engine concepts, are described. These are expected to lay the technology base, by the mid to latter 1980's, for engines whose total fuel costs are as much as 30% lower than today's conventional engines.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: The Rotary Combust. Engine; p 13-35
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  • 16
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    Advanced low-NO(x) combustors for supersonic high-altitude gas turbines (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The impact of gas-turbine-engine-powered aircraft on worldwide pollution was defined within two major areas of contribution. First, the contribution of aircraft to the local air pollution of metropolitan areas and, second, the long-term effects on the chemical balance of the stratosphere of pollutants emitted from future generations of high-altitude, supersonic commercial and military aircraft. Preliminary findings indicate that stratospheric oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions may have to be limited to very low levels if, for example, ozone depletion with concomitant increases in sea-level radiation, are to be avoided. Theoretical considerations suggest that (NOx) levels as low as 1.0 gram per kilogram of fuel and less should be attainable from a idealized premixed type of combustor. Experimental rig studies were intended to explore new combustor concepts designed to minimize the formation of (NOx) in aircraft gas turbines and to define their major operational problems and limitations.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 393-415
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  • 17
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    Soot formation in a turbulent swirling flow (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The qualitative understanding of soot formation in simple models of gas turbine primary-zone combustors is summarized. Soot formation in flame radiation and air pollution was investigated. Results are presented, namely: (1) if the fuel is premixed with air in approximately stoichiometric proportions, the sequence of states that a fluid element undergoes as it burns is quite different from the sequence when liquid or vapor fuel is injected into an air-flow; (2) swirling flows, as are typical or swirl-can combustors, when burning, can amplify small aerodynamic disturbances upstream of the swirl vanes; and (3) different fuels form significantly different amounts of soot. Each of these effects makes major changes in the amount of soot formed in a given combustor.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 309-321
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  • 18
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    Pollution reduction technology program for turboprop engines (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The reduction of CO, HC, and smoke emissions while maintaining acceptable NO(x) emissions without affecting fuel consumption, durability, maintainability, and safety was accomplished. Component combustor concept screening directed toward the demonstration of advanced combustor technology required to meet the EPA exhaust emissions standards for class P2 turboprop engines was covered. The combustion system for the Allison 501-D22A engine was used, and three combustor design concepts - reverse flow, prechamber, and staged fuel were evaluated.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 125-147
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  • 19
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    Ceramic composite protection for turbine disc bursts (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Ceramic composite turbine disc protection panels for the A300B were developed using armor technology. Analytical predictions for modifying the ballistic projectile armor system were verified by a test program conducted to qualify the rotor containment system. With only a slight change in the areal density of the armor system a more than two-fold increase in kinetic energy protection level was achieved. Thickness of the fiberglass reinforced plastic backing material was increased to achieve an optimum ratio of ceramic thickness to backing thickness for the different ballistic defeat condition.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 277-293
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  • 20
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    Materials and manufacturing processes for increased life/reliability (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Improvements in both quality and durability of disk raw material for both military and commercial engines necessitated an entirely new concept in raw material process control which imposes careful selection, screening and sampling of the basic alloy ingredients, followed by careful monitoring of the melting parameters in all phases of the vacuum melting sequence. Special care is taken to preclude solidification conditions that produce adverse levels of segregation. Melt furnaces are routinely cleaned and inspected for contamination. Ingots are also cleaned and inspected before entering the final melt step.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 347-368
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  • 21
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    Numerical analysis of projectile impact in woven texile structures (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Computer codes were developed for simulating the dynamic fracture and viscoelastic constitutive response due to stress wave interaction and reflections caused by ballistic impact on woven textiles. The method, which was developed for use in the design and analysis of protection devices for personnel armor, has potential for use in studies of rotor blade burst containment at high velocity. Alterations in coding required for burst containment problems are discussed.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 247-260
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  • 22
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    Lightweight engine containment (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Kevlar fabric styles and weaves were studied, as well as methods of application for advanced gas turbine engines. The Kevlar material was subjected to high speed impacts by simple projectiles fired from a rifle, as well as more complex shapes such as fan blades released from gas turbine rotors in a spin pit. Just contained data was developed for a variety of weave and/or application techniques, and a comparative containment weight efficiency was established for Kevlar containment applications. The data generated during these tests is being incorporated into an analytical design system so that blade containment trade-off studies between Kevlar and metal case engine structures can be made. Laboratory tests and engine environment tests were performed to determine the survivability of Kevlar in a gas turbine environment.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 235-245
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  • 23
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    Approaches to rotor fragment protection (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Key airworthiness design criteria considerations for fragment protection as found in various FAA requirements in FAR Parts 25 and 33, and in interpretive 8110 orders are reviewed. The impact of providing aircraft armor in lieu of engine armor for typical three- and four-engine wide bodied transports for protection within the length of the engine case as well as from fragments exiting ahead of the enlet engine inlet flange is assessed. For protection within the length of the engine case, armor weight penalties, plus fuel burned and dollar cost of carrying the armor protection are defined. Immediately ahead of the inlet flange, direct tangential impacts are predominant, but further forward, rebound impacts predominate. Armor thickness requirements and fuel cost impact of protection are given.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 101-103
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  • 24
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    Engine Non-Containment: The UK CAA View (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Airworthiness accidents account for roughly one quarter of the total number of accidents to public transport turbojet aircraft. The most reliable, practicable, and cost-effective means of minimizing damage outside the confines of the nacelle is to make the aircraft design invulnerable to any debris which may affect the aircraft. A failure model was developed for use by aircraft builders in measuring the freedom from catastrophe factor of their design.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 11-32
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  • 25
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    Advanced materials research for long-haul aircraft turbine engines (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The status of research efforts to apply low to intermediate temperature composite materials and advanced high temperature materials to engine components is reviewed. Emerging materials technologies and their potential benefits to aircraft gas turbines were emphasized. The problems were identified, and the general state of the technology for near term use was assessed.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center CTOL Transport Technol., 1978; p 187-204
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  • 26
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    Gas turbine engine emission reduction technology program (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Progress in the development of combustor technology to meet the standards for the allowable pollutant emission levels of aircraft gas turbine engines is reported. The high-bypass-ratio turbofan engines which power the large commercial aircraft were emphasized along with efforts to reduce emission for near term applications. Recommendations for continuing research to reduce emissions to meet far term needs are given.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center CTOL Transport Technol., 1978; p 205-216
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  • 27
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    Status of advanced turboprop technology (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Research is reviewed in the following areas: turboprop powered transport aircraft; wind tunnel aerodynamic and acoustics tests of model propellers; turboprop maintenance; and wind tunnel tests on airframe-turboprop interactions. Continued development of the technology for advanced turboprop transport was emphasized.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center CTOL Transport Technol., 1978; p 139-166
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  • 28
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    Propulsion systems noise technology (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Turbofan engine noise research relevant to conventional aircraft is discussed. In the area of fan noise, static to flight noise differences were discussed and data were presented for two different ways of simulating flight behavior. Experimental results from a swept rotor fan design are presented which show that this concept has potential for reducing the multiple-pure-tone or buzz-saw noise related to the shock waves on a fan operating at supersonic tip speeds. Acoustic suppressor research objectives centered around the effect of the wave system generated by the fan stage that is the input to the treatment. A simplifying and unifying parameter, mode cutoff ratio was described. Results are presented which show that suppressor performance can be improved if the input wave is more precisely described. In jet noise, calculated results showing the potential noise reduction from the use of internal mixer nozzles rather than separate flow nozzles are presented.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center CTOL Transport Technol., 1978; p 167-185
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  • 29
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    Energy efficient engine preliminary design and integration studies (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The characteristics and systems benefits of an energy efficient engine (E3) suitable for use on advanced subsonic transport aircraft were determined. Relative to a current CF6-50C engine, the following benefits were estimated: 14.4% reduction in installed cruise specific fuel consumption, and a reduction in direct operating cost of more than 5%. The advanced technology E3 system would also permit: compliance with FAR 36 (1977) noise limits, and compliance with 1981 EPA emission standards.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center CTOL Transport Technol., 1978; p 111-138
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  • 30
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    Energy efficient engine: Preliminary design and integration studies (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A mixed exhaust, direct drive fan turbofan configuration was selected from four candidates. This choice was based on its ability to exceed study goals of 12% lower thrust specific fuel consumption and 5% lower direct operating cost by the 1990's with commercially acceptable technical risk and relative mechanical simplicity. The evaluation leading to configuration selection is discussed. Necessary technology advancements are identified and related to the goals.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center CTOL Transport Technol., 1978; p 89-110
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  • 31
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    Engine component improvement: JT8D and JT9D performance improvements (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A feasibility analysis screening method for predicting the airline acceptance of a proposed engine performance improvement modification was developed. Technical information derived from available test data and analytical models is used along with conceptual/preliminary designs to establish the predicted performance improvement, weight and installation characteristics, the cost for new production and retrofit, maintenance cost and qualitative characteristics of the performance improvement concepts being evaluated. These results are used to arrive at the payback period, which is the time required for an airline to recover the investment cost of concept implementation, and to predict the amount of fuel saved by a performance improvement concept. The assumptions used to calculate the payback period and fuel saved are discussed. A summary of the results when the screening method is applied is presented for several representative JT8D and JT9D performance improvement concepts. An example of the input information used to develop the summary results is shown.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center CTOL Transport Technol., 1978; p 79-80
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  • 32
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    CF6 performance improvement (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Potential CF6 engine performance improvements directed at reduced fuel consumption were identified and screened relative to airline acceptability and are reviewed. The screening process developed to provide evaluations of fuel savings and economic factors including return on investment and direct operating cost is described. In addition, assessments of development risk and production potential are made. Several promising concepts selected for full-scale development based on a ranking involving these factors are discussed.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center CTOL Transport Technol., 1978; p 59-78
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  • 33
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    ACEE Propulsion Overview (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Technology for fuel-efficient subsonic CTOL transport aircraft is discussed. The engine component improvement project, the energy efficient engine project, and the advanced turboprop project are included. The overall goals and objectives of each project are reviewed and the approach and schedule for accomplishing these project goals and objectives are given.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center CTOL Transport Technol., 1978; p 9-23
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    Effect of ambient temperature and humidity on emissions of an idling gas turbine (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The effects of inlet pressure, temperature, and humidity on the oxides of nitrogen produced by an engine operating at takeoff power setting were investigated and numerous correction factors were formulated. The effect of ambient relative humidity on gas turbine idle emissions was ascertained. Experimentally, a nonvitiating combustor rig was employed to simulate changing combustor inlet conditions as generated by changing ambient conditions. Emissions measurements were made at the combustor exit. For carbon monoxide, a reaction kinetic scheme was applied within each zone of the combustor where initial species concentrations reflected not only local combustor characteristics but also changing ambient conditions.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 437-456
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  • 35
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    Global atmospheric sampling program (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Automated instruments were installed on a commercial B-747 aircraft, during the program, to obtain baseline data and to monitor key atmospheric constituents associated with emissions of aircraft engines in order to determine if aircraft are contributing to pollution of the upper atmosphere. Data thus acquired on a global basis over the commercial air routes for 5 to 10 years will be analyzed. Ozone measurements in the 29,000 to 45,000 foot altitude were expanded over what has been available from ozonesondes. Limited aerosol composition measurements from filter samples show low levels of sulfates and nitrates in the upper troposphere. Recently installed instruments for measurement of carbon monoxide and condensation nuclei are beginning to return data.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 323-355
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  • 36
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    Emissions control for ground power gas turbines (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The similarities and differences of emissions reduction technology for aircraft and ground power gas turbines is described. The capability of this technology to reduce ground power emissions to meet existing and proposed emissions standards is presented and discussed. Those areas where the developing aircraft gas turbine technology may have direct application to ground power and those areas where the needed technology may be unique to the ground power mission are pointed out. Emissions reduction technology varying from simple combustor modifications to the use of advanced combustor concepts, such as catalysis, is described and discussed.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 203-242
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  • 37
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    Pollution reduction technology program for small jet aircraft engines: Class T1 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Small jet aircraft engines (EPA class T1, turbojet and turbofan engines of less than 35.6 kN thrust) were evaluated with the objective of attaining emissions reduction consistent with performance constraints. Configurations employing the technological advances were screened and developed through full scale rig testing. The most promising approaches in full-scale engine testing were evaluated.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 149-180
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  • 38
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    Emissions Reduction Technology Program (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Combustor concepts having the potential for significantly lower emissions levels were investigated. The combustor emissions reduction was measured in an engine test. Emission characteristics common to all engine classes are shown. Multiple-burning zone combustors, specifically the double-annular and swirl-can combustors were studied. Airblast and air-assist fuel injection techniques were evaluated for emissions control potential. The combustor sceening and refining phases are summarized.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 19-58
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  • 39
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    Turbine disks for improved reliability (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Advanced disk structural concepts were employed to improve the cyclic lives and reliability of turbine disks. Analytical studies were conducted to evaluate bore-entry disks as potential replacements for the existing first-stage turbine disks in the CF6-50 and JT8D-17 engines. Results of low cycle fatigue, burst, fracture mechanics, and fragment energy analyses are summarized for the advanced disk designs and the existing disk designs, with both conventional and advanced disk materials. Other disk concepts such as composite, laminated, link, multibore, multidisk, and spline disks were also evaluated for the CF6-50 engine.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 389-411
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  • 40
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    Analysis methods for Kevlar shield response to rotor fragments (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Several empirical and analytical approaches to rotor burst shield sizing are compared and principal differences in metal and fabric dynamic behavior are discussed. The application of transient structural response computer programs to predict Kevlar containment limits is described. For preliminary shield sizing, present analytical methods are useful if insufficient test data for empirical modeling are available. To provide other information useful for engineering design, analytical methods require further developments in material characterization, failure criteria, loads definition, and post-impact fragment trajectory prediction.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 261-275
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  • 41
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    Rotor burst protection criteria and implications (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Current aircraft design practices to minimize the hazard from rotor bursts are described. The consequences of non-contained engine failures and the impact of rotor burst protection systems on aircraft design are discussed.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 37-43
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  • 42
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    Gas path sealing in turbine engines (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Gas path seals are discussed with emphasis on sealing clearance effects on engine component efficiency, compressor pressure ratio, and stall margin. Various case-rotor relative displacements, which affect gas path seal clearances, are identified. Forces produced by nonuniform sealing clearances and their effect on rotor stability are examined qualitatively, and recent work on turbine-blade-tip sealing for high temperatures is described. The need for active clearance control and for engine structural analysis is discussed. The functions of the internal-flow system and its seals are reviewed.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: AGARD Seal Technol. in Gas Turbine Eng.; 41 p
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  • 43
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    Laboratory studies of lean combustion (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The fundamental processes controlling lean combustion were observed for better understanding, with particular emphasis on the formation and measurement of gas-phase pollutants, the stability of the combustion process (blowout limits), methods of improving stability, and the application of probe and optical diagnostics for flow field characterization, temperature mapping, and composition measurements. The following areas of investigation are described in detail: (1) axisymmetric, opposed-reacting-jet-stabilized combustor studies; (2) stabilization through heat recirculation; (3) two dimensional combustor studies; and (4) spectroscopic methods. A departure from conventional combustor design to a premixed/prevaporized, lean combustion configuration is attractive for the control of oxides of nitrogen and smoke emissions, the promotion of uniform turbine inlet temperatures, and, possibly, the reduction of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons at idle.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 417-436
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  • 44
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    Alternative fuels (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Potential problems related to the use of alternative aviation turbine fuels are discussed and both ongoing and required research into these fuels is described. This discussion is limited to aviation turbine fuels composed of liquid hydrocarbons. The advantages and disadvantages of the various solutions to the problems are summarized. The first solution is to continue to develop the necessary technology at the refinery to produce specification jet fuels regardless of the crude source. The second solution is to minimize energy consumption at the refinery and keep fuel costs down by relaxing specifications.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 277-308
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  • 45
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    Summary of emissions reduction technology programs (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The NASA emissions reduction contract programs for EPA aircraft engine classes P2 (turboshaft engines), T1 (jet engines with thrust under 8000 lb), T4 (JT8D) engines), and T2 (jet engines with thrust over 8000 lb) are discussed. The most important aspects of these programs, the commonality of approaches used, the test results, and assessments regarding applications of the derived technology are summarized.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 181-202
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  • 46
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    NASA/Pratt and Whitney experimental clean combustor program: Engine test results (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A two-stage vorbix (vortex burning and mixing) combustor and associated fuel system components were successfully tested in an experimental JT9D engine at steady-state and transient operating conditions, using ASTM Jet-A fuel. Full-scale JT9D experimental engine tests were conducted in a phase three aircraft experimental clean combustor program. The low-pollution combustor, fuel system, and fuel control concepts were derived from phase one and phase two programs in which several combustor concepts were evaluated, refined, and optimized in a component test rig. Significant pollution reductions were achieved with the combustor which meets the performance, operating, and installation requirements of the engine.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 91-123
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  • 47
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    Stratospheric cruise emission reduction program (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A recently implemented NASA effort specifically aimed at reducing cruise oxides of nitrogen from high-altitude aircraft is discussed. The desired emission levels and the combustor technology required to achieve them are discussed. A brief overview of the SCERP operating plan is given. Lean premixed-prevaporized combustion and some of the potential difficulties that are associated with applying this technique to gas turbine combustors are examined. Base technology was developed in several key areas. These fundamental studies are viewed as a requirement for successful implementation of the lean premixed combustion technique.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 357-391
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  • 48
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    General aviation piston-engine exhaust emission reduction (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: To support the promulgation of aircraft regulations, two airports were examined, Van Nuys and Tamiami. It was determined that the carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from piston-engine aircraft have a significant influence on the CO levels in the ambient air in and around airports, where workers and travelers would be exposed. Emissions standards were set up for control of emissions from aircraft piston engines manufactured after December 31, 1979. The standards selected were based on a technologically feasible and economically reasonable control of carbon monoxide. It was concluded that substantial CO reductions could be realized if the range of typical fuel-air ratios could be narrowed. Thus, improvements in fuel management were determined as reasonable controls.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 243-275
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  • 49
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    Pollution reduction technology program for class T4(JT8D) engines (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The technology required to develop commercial gas turbine engines with reduced exhaust emissions was demonstrated. Can-annular combustor systems for the JT8D engine family (EPA class T4) were investigated. The JT8D turbofan engine is an axial-flow, dual-spool, moderate-bypass-ratio design. It has a two-stage fan, a four-stage low-pressure compressor driven by a three-stage low-pressure turbine, and a seven-stage high-pressure compressor driven by a single-stage high-pressure turbine. A cross section of the JT8D-17 showing the mechanical configuration is given. Key specifications for this engine are listed.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 29-89
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  • 50
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    Blade fragment energy analysis (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Two classes of fan blade fragments were considered in an analysis of blade fragment energy. The first, of relatively small size (.15 pound) and energy, tends to rebound from the fan and case when liberated in an FOD encounter. These small fragments have relatively low secondary damage potential and are less demanding in terms of protection. The larger fan blade fragments are ejected in a more direct release trajectory with higher energy and hence can represent a higher potential hazard. Simplified analytical methods were used to describe blade fragment energy transfer kinematics, establish fragment energy levels, evaluate damage potential and configure protection. The approach, methodology, and application are discussed as a possible building block for other applications. Development of effective local protection using Kevlar is also discussed. Analysis methods developed and applied to the rebound fragment problem and to the large direct release fragment problem are described.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 93-95
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  • 51
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    Development of fiber shields for engine containment (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Tests were conducted in translational launchers and spin pits to generate empirical data used in the design of a Kevlar shield for containing engine burst debris. Methods are given for modeling the relationship of fragment characteristics to shielding requirements. The change in relative importance of shield mounting provisions as fragment energy is increased is discussed.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 217-234
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  • 52
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    Types of rotor failure and characteristics of fragments (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Noncontained rotor failures in U.K. engines resulting from low cycle fatigue, low cycle fatigue with superimposed high cycle fatigue, and overheating and-or overspeeding were analyzed. The size, shape, weight, velocity, energy, and direction of the fragments released from turbines and compressors were studied and are presented in graph.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 65-92
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  • 53
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    Designing the L-1011 to minimize rotor failures effects (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Design philosophies used in the L-1011 aircraft to provide protection against rotor fragments include: (1) incorporating into the rotor design features that tend to promote small fragments if failure occurs; (2) containing the fragments within the engine shell or greatly reducing the energy content of those fragments that are eventually uncontained; (3) shielding vulnerable elements or systems with heavy structural members that tend to stop or deflect high velocity fragments; and (4) incorporating redundant and/or backup systems into the basic design and separating these systems so as to minimize the probability that more than one system will be damaged by an uncontained rotor fragment. Some of the design features that were incorporated into the Rolls-Royce RB211 engine are discussed, and two in-service experiences are considered in order to illustrate the practical operation of these features.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 97-100
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  • 54
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    Status of the NASA/General Electric experimental clean combustor program, phase 3 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The technology required to design and develop advanced commercial, conventional-takeoff-and-landing aircraft engines with significantly lower pollutant exhaust emissions levels than those of current-technology engines was generated and demonstrated. The target pollutant emissions reductions in tests of an advanced commercial aircraft turbofan engine were attained by developing advanced combustor designs. This technology is intended to be applicable to advanced military aircraft engines. The primary focus was on reducing the levels of the gaseous pollutant emissions.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 37-58
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  • 55
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    Environmental protection agency aircraft emissions standards (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Emissions of air pollutants from aircraft were investigated in order to determine: (1) the extent to which such emissions affect air quality in air quality control regions throughout the United States; and (2) the technological feasibility of controlling such emissions. The basic information supporting the need for aircraft emissions standards is summarized. The EPA ambient air quality standards are presented. Only the primary (health related) standards are shown. Of the six pollutants, only the first three, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides, are influenced significantly by aircraft.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Eng. Emissions; p 1-17
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  • 56
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    Some airline experience in preventing engine rotor failures (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Methods used by airlines, with the assistance of the engine manufacturers to achieve control over the type of problems which lead to uncontained failure and avoid many potential problems are discussed.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 413-418
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  • 57
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    Application of a flight-line disk crack detector to a small engine (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A disk crack detector was developed and applied to a small military engine for use as a flight-line turbine crack monitor. The system consists of an eddy current type sensor and its cables within the engine, external connecting cables, and a remotely located electrical capacitance-conductance bridge and signal analyzer. As the turbine spins, the rotor is monitored by the sensor for radial surface cracks emanating from the interblade region of the rotor.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures 383-388 (SEE N78-10068 01-07)
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  • 58
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    NDE: A key to engine rotor life prediction (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A key ingredient in the establishment of safe life times for critical components is the means of reliably detecting flaws which may potentially exist. Currently used nondestructive evaluation procedures are successful in detecting life limiting defects; however, the development of automated and computer aided NDE technology permits even greater assurance of flight safety.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 369-382
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  • 59
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    Design of rotors for improved structural life (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Major rotor design criteria are discussed with particular emphasis on those aspects of rotor design that ensure long life component integrity. Dynamic considerations, that necessitate tuning of bladed disk and seal assemblies to avoid excessive vibratory stress at both design and off-design conditions are reviewed as well as low cycle fatigue considerations, which have resulted in detailed analysis procedures to establish part temperature and stress variation throughout an operating cycle and extensive specimen and component fatigue testing to establish safe cyclic operating limits. The frequency, size, and behavior of intrinsic material defects were investigated. Manufacturing process improvements, including the application of increasingly sophisticated inspection techniques and quality control procedures are reviewed in light of their impact on component durability.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 331-346
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  • 60
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    Concepts for the development of light-weight composite structures for rotor burst containment (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Published results on rotor burst containment with single materials, and on body armor using composite materials were used to establish a set of hypotheses about what variables might control the design of a weight-efficient protective device. Based on modern concepts for the design and analysis of small optimum seeking experiments, a particular experiment for evaluating the hypotheses and materials was designed. The design and methods for the analysis of results are described. The consequence of such hypotheses is that the device should consist of as many as four concentric rings, each to consist of a material uniquely chosen for its position in the penetration sequence.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 295-330
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  • 61
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    Engine non-containment: UK risk assessment methods (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: More realistic guideline data must be developed for use in aircraft design in order to comply with recent changes in British civil airworthiness requirements. Unrealistically pessimistic results were obtained when the methodology developed during the Concorde SST certification program was extended to assess catastrophic risks resulting from uncontained engine rotors.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 45-63
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  • 62
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    Federal Aviation Administration's approach to engine rotor integrity (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Sections of the U.S. Airworthiness Standards which contribute to rotor integrity are explored. Reports published under NASA's Rotor Burst Protection program are included in current FAA studies to determine the weight penalty for two different levels of increased containment, and the penalty associated with protecting critical structure and systems, the passenger cabin, and the flight deck by strategic location of armor shields or deflector plates. Findings of the two studies will be used to propose revisions to regulations to reduce uncontained rotor failures.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: MIT An Assessment of Technol. for Turbojet Engine Rotor Failures; p 1-9
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  • 63
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    Progress in advanced high temperature turbine materials, coatings, and technology (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Advanced materials, coatings, and cooling technology is assessed in terms of improved aircraft turbine engine performance. High cycle operating temperatures, lighter structural components, and adequate resistance to the various environmental factors associated with aircraft gas turbine engines are among the factors considered. Emphasis is placed on progress in development of high temperature materials for coating protection against oxidation, hot corrosion and erosion, and in turbine cooling technology. Specific topics discussed include metal matrix composites, superalloys, directionally solidified eutectics, and ceramics.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: AGARD High Temp. Probl. in Gas Turbine Eng.; 31 p
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  • 64
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    Design of an exhaust mixer nozzle for the Avco-Lycoming Quiet Clean General Aviation Turbofan (QCGAT) (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report describes the design configuration and method used to design the forced engine exhaust to bypass air mixing system for Lycoming's QCGAT engine. This mixer is an integral part of the total engine and nacelle system and was configured to reduce the propulsion system noise and fuel consumption levels.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-159426 , LYC-78-36
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  • 65
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    QCGAT mixer compound exhaust system design and static big model test report (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A mixer exhaust system was designed to meet the proposed performance and exhaust jet noise goals for the AiResearch QCGAT engine. Some 0.35 scale models of the various nozzles were fabricated and aerodynamically and acoustically tested. Preliminary optimization, engine cycle matching, model test data and analysis are presented. A final mixer exhaust system is selected for optimum performance for the overall flight regime.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135386 , AIRESEARCH-21-2861
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  • 66
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    Low-speed aerodynamic performance of 50.8-centimeter-diameter noise-suppressing inlets for the Quiet, Clean, Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Two basic inlet concepts, a high throat Mach number (0.79) design and a low throat Mach number (0.60) design, were tested with four diffuser acoustical treatment designs that had face sheet porosity ranging from 0 to 24 percent for the high Mach number inlet and 0 to 28 percent for the low Mach number inlet. The tests were conducted in a low speed wind tunnel at free stream velocities of 0, 41, and 62 m/sec and angles of attack to 50 deg. Inlet throat Mach number was varied about the design value. Increasing the inlet diffuser face sheet porosity resulted in an increase in total pressure loss in the boundary layer for both the high and low Mach number inlet designs, however, the overall effect on inlet total pressure recovery of 0.991 at the design throat Mach number, a free stream velocity of 41 m/sec, and an angle of attack of 50 deg; Inlet flow separation at an angle of attack of 50 deg was encountered with only one inlet configuration the high Mach number design with the highest diffuser face sheet porosity (24 percent).
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-TP-1178 , E-9542
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    Quiet Clean Short-Haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) ball spline pitch-change mechanism whirligig test report (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The component testing of a ball spline variable pitch mechanism is described including a whirligig test. The variable pitch actuator successfully completed all planned whirligig tests including a fifty cycle endurance test at actuation rates up to 125 deg per second at up to 102 percent fan speed (3400 rpm).
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135354 , R77AEG394
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  • 68
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) under-the-wing engine composite fan blade design report (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A total of 38 quiet clean short haul experimental engine under the wing composite fan blades were manufactured for various component tests, process and tooling, checkout, and use in the QCSEE UTW engine. The component tests included frequency characterization, strain distribution, bench fatigue, platform static load, whirligig high cycle fatigue, whirligig low cycle fatigue, whirligig strain distribution, and whirligig over-speed. All tests were successfully completed. All blades planned for use in the engine were subjected to and passed a whirligig proof spin test.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135046 , R77AEG177
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  • 69
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) main reduction gears detailed design report (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Lightweight turbine engines with geared slower speed fans are considered. The design of two similar but different gear ratio, minimum weight, epicyclic star configuration main reduction gears for the under the wing (UTW) and over the wing (OTW) engines is discussed. The UTW engine reduction gear has a ratio of 2.465:1 and a 100% power design rating of 9885 kW (13,256 hp) at 3143 rpm fan speed. The OTW engine reduction gear has a ratio of 2.062:1 and a 100% power design rating of 12813 kW (17183 hp) at 3861 rpm fan speed. Details of configuration, stresses, deflections, and lubrication are presented.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-134872 , CW-WR-77-024
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  • 70
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) main reduction gears test program (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Sets of under the wing (UTW) engine reduction gears and sets of over the wing (OTW) engine reduction gears were fabricated for rig testing and subsequent installation in engines. The UTW engine reduction gears which have a ratio of 2.465:1 and a design rating of 9712 kW at 3157 rpm fan speed were operated at up to 105% speed at 60% torque and 100% speed at 125% torque. The OTW engine reduction gears which have a ratio of 2.062:1 and a design rating of 12,615 kW at 3861 rpm fan speed were operated at up to 95% speed at 50% torque and 80% speed at 109% torque. Satisfactory operation was demonstrated at powers up to 12,172 kW, mechanical efficiency up to 99.1% UTW, and a maximum gear pitch line velocity of 112 m/s (22,300 fpm) with a corresponding star gear spherical roller bearing DN of 850,00 OTW. Oil and star gear bearing temperatures, oil churning, heat rejection, and vibratory characteristics were acceptable for engine installation.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-134669 , CW-WR-77-008
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  • 71
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    Acoustic analysis of aft noise reduction techniques measured on a subsonic tip speed 50.8 cm (twenty inch) diameter fan (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Sound data which were obtained during tests of a 50.8 cm diameter, subsonic tip speed, low pressure ratio fan were analyzed. The test matrix was divided into two major investigations: (1) source noise reduction techniques; and (2) aft duct noise reduction with acoustic treatment. Source noise reduction techniques were investigated which include minimizing second harmonic noise by varying vane/blade ratio, variation in spacing, and lowering the Mach number through the vane row to lower fan broadband noise. Treatment in the aft duct which includes flow noise effects, faceplate porosity, rotor OGV treatment, slant cell treatment, and splitter simulation with variable depth on the outer wall and constant thickness treatment on the inner wall was investigated. Variable boundary conditions such as variation in treatment panel thickness and orientation, and mixed porosity combined with variable thickness were examined. Significant results are reported.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-134891 , R75AEG368
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  • 72
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) Over The Wing (OTW) design report (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design, fabrication, and testing of two experimental high bypass geared turbofan engines and propulsion systems for short haul passenger aircraft are described. The propulsion technology required for future externally blown flap aircraft with engines located both under the wing and over the wing is demonstrated. Composite structures and digital engine controls are among the topics included.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-134848 , R75AEG443
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  • 73
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    Program for impact testing of spar-shell fan blades, test report (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Six filament-wound, composite spar-shell fan blades were impact tested in a whirligig relative to foreign object damage resulting from ingestion of birds into the fan blades of a QCSEE-type engine. Four of the blades were tested by injecting a simulated two pound bird into the path of the rotating blade and two were tested by injecting a starling into the path of the blade.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135393 , R78AEG444
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  • 74
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) over-the-wing engine and control simulation results (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A hybrid-computer simulation of the over the wing turbofan engine was constructed to develop the dynamic design of the control. This engine and control system includes a full authority digital electronic control using compressor stator reset to achieve fast thrust response and a modified Kalman filter to correct for sensor failures. Fast thrust response for powered-lift operations and accurate, fast responding, steady state control of the engine is provided. Simulation results for throttle bursts from 62 to 100 percent takeoff thrust predict that the engine will accelerate from 62 to 95 percent takeoff thrust in one second.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135049 , R76AEG218
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  • 75
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE): The aerodynamic and mechanical design of the QCSEE under-the-wing fan (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design, fabrication, and testing of two experimental high bypass geared turbofan engines and propulsion systems for short haul passenger aircraft are described. The aerodynamic and mechanical design of a variable pitch 1.34 pressure ratio fan for the under the wing (UTW) engine are included. The UTW fan was designed to permit rotation of the 18 composite fan blades into the reverse thrust mode of operation through both flat pitch and stall pitch directions.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135009 , R75AEG484
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  • 76
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) Under-The-Wing (UTW) composite nacelle subsystem test report (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The element and subcomponent testing conducted to verify the under the wing composite nacelle design is reported. This composite nacelle consists of an inlet, outer cowl doors, inner cowl doors, and a variable fan nozzle. The element tests provided the mechanical properties used in the nacelle design. The subcomponent tests verified that the critical panel and joint areas of the nacelle had adequate structural integrity.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135075 , R76AEG420
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  • 77
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) Over-The-Wing (OTW) boilerplate nacelle design report (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A summary of the mechanical design of the boiler plate nacelle for the QCSEE over the wing (OTW) engine is presented. The nacelle, which features a D-shaped nozzle/thrust reverser and interchangeable hard wall and acoustic panels, is utilized in the engine testing to establish the aerodynamic and acoustic requirements for nozzles and reversers of this type.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135168 , R77AEG300
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  • 78
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE). Under-The-Wing (UTW) engine boilerplate nacelle test report, volume 1 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design and testing of high bypass geared turbofan engines with nacelles forming the propulsion systems for short haul passenger aircraft are considered. The test results demonstrate the technology required for externally blown flap aircraft for introduction into passenger service in the 1980's. The equipment tested is described along with the test facility and instrumentation. A chronological history of the test and a summary of results are given.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135249 , R77AEG2121-VOL-1
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  • 79
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) under-the-wing engine digital control system design report (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A digital electronic control was combined with conventional hydromechanical components to operate the four controlled variables on the under-the-wing engine: fuel flow, fan blade pitch, fan exhaust area, and core compressor stator angles. The engine and control combination offers improvements in noise, pollution, thrust response, operational monitoring, and pilot workload relative to current engines.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-134920 , R75AEG483
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  • 80
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE). Aerodynamic and aeromechanical performance of a 50.8 cm (20 inch) diameter 1.34 PR variable pitch fan with core flow (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The fan aerodynamic and aeromechanical performance tests of the quiet clean short haul experimental engine under the wing fan and inlet with a simulated core flow are described. Overall forward mode fan performance is presented at each rotor pitch angle setting with conventional flow pressure ratio efficiency fan maps, distinguishing the performance characteristics of the fan bypass and fan core regions. Effects of off design bypass ratio, hybrid inlet geometry, and tip radial inlet distortion on fan performance are determined. The nonaxisymmetric bypass OGV and pylon configuration is assessed relative to both total pressure loss and induced circumferential flow distortion. Reverse mode performance, obtained by resetting the rotor blades through both the stall pitch and flat pitch directions, is discussed in terms of the conventional flow pressure ratio relationship and its implications upon achievable reverse thrust. Core performance in reverse mode operation is presented in terms of overall recovery levels and radial profiles existing at the simulated core inlet plane. Observations of the starting phenomena associated with the initiation of stable rotor flow during acceleration in the reverse mode are briefly discussed. Aeromechanical response characteristics of the fan blades are presented as a separate appendix, along with a description of the vehicle instrumentation and method of data reduction.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135017 , R75AEG445
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  • 81
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    Quiet Clean Short-Haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) Over-The Wing (OTW) propulsion system test report. Volume 3: Mechanical performance (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The mechanical performance of the over-the-wing engine is described with emphasis on the advanced technology components. The overall dynamic response of the engine was excellent.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135325 , R77AEG475-VOL-3
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  • 82
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    Quiet Clean Short-Haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) Over-The-Wing (OTW) propulsion system test report. Volume 1: Summary report (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Sea level, static, ground testing of the over-the-wing engine and boilerplate nacelle components was performed. The equipment tested and the test facility are described. Summaries of the instrumentations, the chronological history of the tests, and the test results are presented.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135323 , R77AEG473-VOL-1
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  • 83
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) Under-The-Wing (UTW) composite nacelle (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The detail design of the under the wing experimental composite nacelle components is summarized. Analysis of an inlet, fan bypass duct doors, core cowl doors, and variable fan nozzle are given. The required technology to meet propulsion system performance, weight, and operational characteristics is discussed. The materials, design, and fabrication technology for quiet propulsion systems which will yield installed thrust to weight ratios greater than 3.5 to 1 are described.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135352 , R77AEG588
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  • 84
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) composite fan frame design report (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An advanced composite frame which is flight-weight and integrates the functions of several structures was developed for the over the wing (OTW) engine and for the under the wing (UTW) engine. The composite material system selected as the basic material for the frame is Type AS graphite fiber in a Hercules 3501 epoxy resin matrix. The frame was analyzed using a finite element digital computer program. This program was used in an iterative fashion to arrive at practical thicknesses and ply orientations to achieve a final design that met all strength and stiffness requirements for critical conditions. Using this information, the detail design of each of the individual parts of the frame was completed and released. On the basis of these designs, the required tooling was designed to fabricate the various component parts of the frame. To verify the structural integrity of the critical joint areas, a full-scale test was conducted on the frame before engine testing. The testing of the frame established critical spring constants and subjected the frame to three critical load cases. The successful static load test was followed by 153 and 58 hours respectively of successful running on the UTW and OTW engines.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135278 , R77AEG439
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  • 85
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE). Ball spline pitch change mechanism design report (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Detailed design parameters are presented for a variable-pitch change mechanism. The mechanism is a mechanical system containing a ball screw/spline driving two counteracting master bevel gears meshing pinion gears attached to each of 18 fan blades.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-134873 , R77AEG327
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  • 86
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE). Composite fan frame subsystem test report (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The element and subcomponent testing conducted to verify the composite fan frame design of two experimental high bypass geared turbofan engines and propulsion systems for short haul passenger aircraft is described. Emphasis is placed on the propulsion technology required for future externally blown flap aircraft with engines located both under the wing and over the wing, including technology in composite structures and digital engine controls. The element tests confirmed that the processes used in the frame design would produce the predicted mechanical properties. The subcomponent tests verified that the detail structural components of the frame had adequate structural integrity.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135010 , R76AEG233
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  • 87
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) over-the-wing control system design report (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A control system incorporating a digital electronic control was designed for the over-the-wing engine. The digital electronic control serves as the primary controlling element for engine fuel flow and core compressor stator position. It also includes data monitoring capability, a unique failure indication and corrective action feature, and optional provisions for operating with a new type of servovalve designed to operate in response to a digital-type signal and to fail with its output device hydraulically locked into position.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135337 , R77AEG664
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  • 88
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE). Core engine noise measurements (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Noise measurements were taken on a turbofan engine which uses the same core, with minor modifications, employed on the quiet clean short-haul experimental engine (QCSEE) propulsion systems. Both nearfield and farfield noise measurements were taken in order to determine the core internally generated noise levels. The resulting noise measurements were compared to predicted combustor and turbine noise levels, to verify or improve the predicted QCSEE combustor and turbine noise levels.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135160 , R75AEG511
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  • 89
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE). Under-The-Wing (UTW) engine boilerplate nacelle test report. Volume 3: Mechanical performance (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Results of initial tests of the under the wing experimental engine and boilerplate nacelle are presented. The mechanical performance of the engine is reported with emphasis on the advanced technology components. Technology elements of the propulsion system covered include: system dynamics, composite fan blades, reduction gear, lube and accessory drive system, fan frame, inlet, core cowl cooling, fan exhaust nozzle, and digital control system.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135251 , R77AEG212-VOL-3
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  • 90
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) preliminary over-the-wing flight propulsion system analysis report (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The preliminary design of the over-the-wing flight propulsion system installation and nacelle component and systems design features of a short-haul, powered lift aircraft are presented. Economic studies are also presented and show that high bypass, low pressure ratio turbofan engines have the potential of providing an economical propulsion system for achieving the very quiet aircraft noise level of 95 EPNdB on a 152.4 m sideline.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135296 , R77AEG305
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  • 91
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) under-the-wing engine simulation report (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Hybrid computer simulations of the under-the-wing engine were constructed to develop the dynamic design of the controls. The engine and control system includes a variable pitch fan and a digital electronic control. Simulation results for throttle bursts from 62 to 100 percent net thrust predict that the engine will accelerate 62 to 95 percent net thrust in one second.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-134914 , R75AEG444
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  • 92
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    Study of turboprop systems reliability and maintenance costs (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The overall reliability and maintenance costs (R&MC's) of past and current turboprop systems were examined. Maintenance cost drivers were found to be scheduled overhaul (40%), lack of modularity particularly in the propeller and reduction gearbox, and lack of inherent durability (reliability) of some parts. Comparisons were made between the 501-D13/54H60 turboprop system and the widely used JT8D turbofan. It was found that the total maintenance cost per flight hour of the turboprop was 75% higher than that of the JT8D turbofan. Part of this difference was due to propeller and gearbox costs being higher than those of the fan and reverser, but most of the difference was in the engine core where the older technology turboprop core maintenance costs were nearly 70 percent higher than for the turbofan. The estimated maintenance cost of both the advanced turboprop and advanced turbofan were less than the JT8D. The conclusion was that an advanced turboprop and an advanced turbofan, using similar cores, will have very competitive maintenance costs per flight hour.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135192 , EDR-9132
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  • 93
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    Quiet Clean Short-Haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) Over-The-Wing (OTW) propulsion system test report. Volume 2: Aerodynamics and performance (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design and testing of the over the wing engine, a high bypass, geared turbofan engine, are discussed. The propulsion system performance is examined for uninstalled performance and installed performance. The fan aerodynamic performance and the D nozzle and reverser thrust performance are evaluated.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135324 , R77AEG474-VOL-2
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  • 94
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    Quiet Clean Short-Haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) Under-The-Wing (UTW) graphite/PMR cowl development (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The PMR process development, tooling concepts, testing conducted to generate materials properties data, and the fabrication of a subscale model of the inner cowl are presented. It was concluded that the materials, processes, and tooling concepts were satisfactory for making an inner cowl with adequate structural integrity.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135279 , R78AEG206
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  • 95
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    Quiet, Clean, Short-Haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) Over-The-Wing (OTW) engine acoustic design (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The acoustic considerations involved in the low source noise basic engine design and the design procedures followed in the development of the over-the-wing (OTW) nacelle acoustic treatment design are presented. Laboratory experiments, component tests, and scale model and engine tests supporting the OTW engine acoustic design are referenced. Acoustic design features include a near-sonic inlet, low fan and core pressure ratios, low fan tip speed, high and low frequency stacked core treatment, multiple thickness treatment, and fan frame and stator vane treatment.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135268 , R76AEG228
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  • 96
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    Quiet, Clean, Short-Haul, Experimental Engine (QCSEE) Under-The-Wing (UTW) engine acoustic design (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The acoustic considerations involved in the low source noise basic engine design and the design procedures followed in the development of the under-the-wing (UTW) engine boilerplate and composite nacelle acoustic treatment designs are presented. Laboratory experiments, component tests, and scale model and engine tests supporting the UTW engine acoustic design are referenced. Acoustic design features include a near-sonic inlet, low fan and core pressure ratios, low fan tip speed, high and low frequency stacked core treatment, multiple thickness treatment, and fan frame and stator vane treatment.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135267 , R76AEG195
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  • 97
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    Quiet Clean Short-Haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE). Under-the-wing (UTW) engine boilerplate Nacelle test report. Volume 2: Aerodynamics and performance (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The initial phase of testing of the under the wing engine and boilerplate nacelle components is discussed. The aerodynamics and performance are outlined.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135250 , R77AEG2122-VOL-2
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 98
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    Unknown
    Quiet Clean Short-Haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) acoustic and aerodynamic tests on a scale model over-the-wing thrust reverser and forward thrust nozzle (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An acoustic and aerodynamic test program was conducted on a 1/6.25 scale model of the Quiet, Clean, Short-Haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) forward thrust over-the-wing (OTW) nozzle and OTW thrust reverser. In reverse thrust, the effect of reverser geometry was studied by parametric variations in blocker spacing, blocker height, lip angle, and lip length. Forward thrust nozzle tests determined the jet noise levels of the cruise and takeoff nozzles, the effect of opening side doors to achieve takeoff thrust, and scrubbing noise of the cruise and takeoff jet on a simulated wing surface. Velocity profiles are presented for both forward and reverse thrust nozzles. An estimate of the reverse thrust was made utilizing the measured centerline turning angle.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-135254 , R75AEG504
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 99
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    Unknown
    Investigation of blade flutter of axial compressors by the discrete-phase method (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: AD-A066464 , FTD-ID(RS)T-0860-78
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 100
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    Redundant disc (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A rotatable disc is described that consists of parallel plates tightly joined together for rotation about a hub. Each plate is provided with several angularly projecting spaced lands. The lands of each plate are interposed in alternating relationship between the lands of the next adjacent plate. In this manner, circumferential displacement of adjacent sectors in any one plate is prevented in the event that a crack develops. Each plate is redundantly sized so that, in event of structural failure of one plate, the remaining plates support a proportionate share of the load of the failed plate. The plates are prevented from separating laterally through the inclusion of generally radially extending splines which are inserted to interlock cooperating, circumferentially adjacent lands.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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