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  • Engineering General  (491)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (491)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1975-1979  (491)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1978  (257)
  • 1977  (234)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (491)
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1975-1979  (491)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A unidimensional convergence test for matrix iterative processes applied to Strapdown Navigation (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 115-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The investigation of the convergence properties of matrix iterative processes usually involves test matrices of high order. This fact may prohibit an analytic approach to the problem. In this paper a method is presented which converts the multidimensional test procedure into a scalar one. The method is presented in conjunction with the problem of matrix orthogonalization which exists in Strapdown Inertial Navigation. Three examples are presented in which the convergence of matrix orthogonalization techniques is investigated. The examples demonstrate the use of the unidimensional convergence test in determining the order of the processes and in finding sufficient conditions for convergence. Numerical results are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110112
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  • 2
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    A note on an element ordering schemeThis work was supported by S R C Grant B/RG/5549/4 made jointly to Brunel University and Imperial College of Sceience and Technology for research on Finite Element Techniques. (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 194-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper contains an algorithm for the ordering of elements in the finite element method, which can be utilized in the Non-assembly Method of the author and in the Frontal Solution Method of B. M. Irons.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110120
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  • 3
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    Calculation of vibration frequencies by a hybrid element method based on a generalized complementary energy principle (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 231-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Based on a generalized complementary energy principle the derivation of the element matrices is presented for calculation of natural frequencies. The degrees-of-freedom are not defined on nodal points but in an abstract way. No restrictions about the number of interpolation functions in the interior and at the boundaries of the element have been introduced. The exact solution of the discretized element equations leads to the dynamic stiffness matrix while the approximate solution results in a linear eigenvalue problem. Plate bending problems are used to study the convergence of frequencies depending on the degrees of interpolation functions within the element and on its boundaries and on the number of elements.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110203
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  • 4
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    A Block-Stodola eigensolution technique for large algebraic systems with non-symmetrical matrices (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 247-267 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A Block-Stodola eigensolution method is presented for large algebraic eigensystems of the form AU = λBU where A is real but non-symmetric. The steps in this method parallel those of a previous technique for the case when both A and B were real and symmetric. The essence of the technique is simultaneous iteration using a group of trial vectors instead of only one vector as is the case in the classical Stodola-Vianello iteration method. The problem is then transformed into a subspace where a direct solution of the reduced algebraic eigenvalue problem is sought. The main advantage is the significant reduction of computational effort in extracting a subset of eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors. Theorems from linear algebra serve to underlie the basis of the present technique. Complex eigendata that emerge during iteration can be handled without doubling the size of the problem. Higher order eigenvalue problems are reducible to first order form for which this technique is applicable. The treatment of the quadratic eigenvalue problem illustrates the details of this extension.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110204
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  • 5
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    A hybrid crack element for rectilinear anisotropic material (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 377-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110211
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  • 6
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    Application of the front solution to two and three-dimensional elastoplastic crack problems (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 393-395 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110215
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  • 7
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    Comment on the paper ‘a finite element solution program for large structures’ (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 404-405 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110219
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  • 8
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    A homework exercise in finite elements (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 411-417 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We suggest an exercise which illustrates many of the fundamental ideas of finite elements, and is nevertheless easily programmed and quickly solved. It is governed by a partial differential equation on a circular region, but by maintaining symmetry the stiffness matrix becomes small and tridiagonal. The accuracy of linear elements can be studied in detail, and a straightforward extension leads to the eigenvalue problem, elements of higher degree, numerical integration, isoparametric elements, and a simple example in plasticity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110302
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  • 9
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    Numerical Fourier analysis in the range of higher frequencies (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 469-480 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A novel method is proposed for the numerical computation of Fourier coefficients in the range of higher frequencies for which hitherto no practical method was available. The accuracy of the results obtained by application of this method is discussed, and bounds of a correction term are determined accordingly. An example from the field of Diesel engine research is given, and the computed spectrum is compared with the spectrum recorded by an electronic harmonic analyzer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110307
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  • 10
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    Least square and Galerkin finite element solution of flow past a flat plate (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 185-190 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110118
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  • 11
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    Announcements (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 204-207 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110123
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  • 12
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    Finite element solutions of the non-self-adjoint convective-dispersion equation (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 269-287 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element formulations based on the Galerkin and variational principles have been developed for the self-adjoint and non-self-adjoint problems represented respectively by the flow and convective-dispersion equations in the cylindrical polar system of co-ordinates. The formulation based on the variational principle is shown to be restricted to dispersion-dominant transports only. The Galerkin method is demonstrated to be more versatile and free from convergence and stability problems. The computational scheme based on the Galerkin principle is shown to be equally valid for both convection and dispersion dominant transports. The numerical results obtained are verified with known analytical solutions. It is concluded that the suggested scheme can be used in solving a variety of field problems involving groundwater dispersion.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110205
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  • 13
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    The indirect design of fluid channels using a global variational method with trial functions not satisfying the prescribed boundary conditions (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 579-591 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The indirect design problem for compressible fluid flow in a channel determines the physical shape of the channel from the prescribed flow on the channel boundary. In this paper, a global variational method for the solution of this problem is described.The non-linear equations are solved by iteration; at each step of this iteration the solution to the equations (which are now linear) is found by a global variational method. The variational method differs from conventional methods in that the trial function does not satisfy the prescribed boundary conditions, but the method reproduces the conditions on the boundary.Results are presented for various physical quantities associated with the channel.Some comments are made on the extensions of these methods to supersonic flow and to the realistic cascade design problem.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110314
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  • 14
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    Matrices for scientists and engineers, W. W. Bell (University of Aberdeen), Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1974. £3·95 paperback £7·75 cloth (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 605-605 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110318
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  • 15
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    On computer-aided analytic element analysis and the similarities of tetrahedron elements (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 611-622 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A complete analytical analysis of three-dimensional, quadratic displacement tetrahedron elements is presented. The results show that the element stiffness can readily be obtained from the much simpler stiffness matrix of the linear displacement element. Thus, the task of obtaining the matrix of the quadratic displacement element is, in effect, reduced to finding that of the linear displacement element.The analysis has been made possible only by using a symbolic manipulation language (PL/I-FORMAC) on a computer. A rather general program for computer-aided basic element analysis is presented. It seems that the extremely effective tool of symbolic manipulation has hardly been used until now in mechanics.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110402
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  • 16
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    Fuller Obituary on Professor B. Fraeijs de Veubeke (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 407-407 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110221
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  • 17
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    A numerical method for the solution of certain classes of nonlinear Volterra integro-differential and integral equations (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 431-438 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A direct numerical method is presented for the solution of classes of non-linear, singular Volterra integral and integro-differential equations of the types where y is the unknown and the Fs and Gs are given but to a large extent arbitrary functions of their arguments. The adaptation of the method to other equations, in particular with different kernels, is immediate.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110304
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  • 18
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    On the elastic plastic initial-boundary value problem and its numerical integration (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 817-832 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An interative approach is proposed for the numerical analysis of elastic-plastic continua. This approach gives after convergence an implicit scheme of integration of the evolution problem, and is concerned with elastic-perfectly plastic materials and with hardening standard materials. Under a generalized assumption of positive hardening, the proof of convergence of the iterative solutions is given. Some numerical examples by the finite element method are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110505
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  • 19
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    Elasto-plastic finite element analysis (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 875-881 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An elasto-plastic finite element small displacement procedure to predict the behaviour of structures under cyclic loads is presented. The solution combines incremental procedure with correction for equilibrium and iterative scheme. Applications are made for a rectangular strip and a notched bar under cyclic axial loads. Flow theory of plasticity with either isotropic hardening or kinematic linear hardening is used.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110509
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  • 20
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    A classification and survey of numerical methods for boundary value problems in ordinary differential equations (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 771-796 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The objective of the paper is a survey and classification of available numerical methods for boundary value problems with an emphasis on two point boundary value problems. In the paper a general two point boundary value problem is stated first and later available numerical methods are classified into five main groups according to their approach in numerical solution. In the next sections of the paper, each of these main groups are described and appropriate subgroups are defined and discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110503
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  • 21
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    An isoparametric Hermitian element for the solution of field problems (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 945-962 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A two-dimensional isoparametric Hermitian element is investigated for use in potential field problems with irregular geometry. Nodal degrees-of-freedom are the potential, the gradients in the directions normal and tangential to the element sides, and the twist. In applying the isoparametric principle a simple approximation is used which in general guarantees C1 continuity only at the element corners. The present version is restricted to 90-degree interior angles.The element is applied in the Galerkin solution of the steady-state continuity equation and several examples are presented. It is found that in cases where the potential field is simple but the element is strongly distorted, gradients obtained from the Hermite are not as accurate as those from the Lagrange-type cubic element having the same number of degrees-of-freedom. When the potential field is complex and the distortion is small, the Hermitian gradients are comparable to those of the Lagrange cubic; with increasing distortion they are comparable at the boundaries but less so in the interior. The errors in the potentials themselves are very similar, both elements giving a high degree of accuracy.Since all of its degrees-of-freedom are shared by four elements in the interior of a grid, the Hermite element is approximately 20 per cent more efficient than the Lagrange cubic for all but the smallest grids. Also, since the Hermite uses fewer nodes, data handling is greatly reduced. The element appears to be attractive at least in the area of groundwater flow.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110604
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  • 22
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    Optimization methods applied to hydrodynamic bearing design (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1005-1027 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Optimization techniques are applied to the design of both hydrodynamic journal and tilting pad thrust bearings. Fletcher's adaptation of Davidon's gradient search method is further modified to deal with non-linear constraints in journal bearing design. A form of the Sequential Simplex is used for tilting pad thrust bearings. Penalty functions and variable transformations are used in both cases. Composite objective functions are included and the effect of weighting on each component of the composite function is investigated.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110608
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    Optimum design of laminated fibre composite plates (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 623-640 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method is presented for the minimum weight optimum design of laminated fibre composite plates, subject to multiple inplane loading conditions, which includes stiffness, strength and elastic stability constraints. The buckling analysis is based on an equivalent orthotropic plate approach leading to two uncoupled eigenproblems per load condition. Overall computational efficiency is achieved by using constraint deletion techniques in conjunction with Taylor series approximations for the constraints retained. The optimization algorithm used, namely the method of inscribed hyperspheres, is a sequence of linear programs technique which exhibits rapid convergence in this application. Several example problems are given to demonstrate that the method presented offers an efficient and practical optimum design procedure for the fundamental and recurring problem treated.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110403
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    Error analysis of penalty function techniques for constraint definition in linear algebraic systems (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 709-728 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The penalty function approach has been recently formalized as a general technique for adjoining constraint conditions to algebraic equation systems resulting from variational discretization of boundary value problems by finite difference or finite element techniques. This paper studies the numerical behaviour of the penalty function method for the special case of individual equation constraints imposed on a symmetric system of linear algebraic equations. Constraint representation and computational roundoff error components are distinguished and asymptotically characterized in terms of the penalty function weight coefficients. On the basis of this study, practical rules for the automatic assignment of values to those coefficients within the linear equation solver are proposed. Numerical problems encountered in the case of more general constraints are briefly discussed, and procedures for circumventing such difficulties are suggested.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110408
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    Application of optimization and finite element methods to a cracking problem in timber (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 756-758 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110412
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    Announcements (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 766-767 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110415
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    Erratum (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 770-770 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110502
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  • 28
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    Superposition method of finite element and analytical solutions for transient creep analysis (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1107-1115 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Based on the Lagrange multiplier's concept, a superposition method of analytical and finite element solutions has been developed to solve efficiently various non-linear and/or time-dependent problems in structural mechanics. According to the theory, the transient creep behaviour of a cantilever beam is analysed as an expository example.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110707
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    An introduction to the mathematical theory of finite elements, J. T. Oden and J. N. Reddy, Wiley, New York, 1976. No. of pages 429. Price $32·00, £17·50 (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1198-1198 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110715
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    Creep analysis of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures under non-uniform temperature distributions, using elastic solutions (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 883-895 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The analysis of stresses and deformations in concrete structures subjected to temperature gradients is described. As a result of the spatial variation of temperature, the creep compliance is a function of position. Previous work has shown that the constitutive equations for concrete creep can be expressed in a form which is invariable although ageing is included in the analysis. Thus viscoelastic methods can be used and correspondence principles can be developed; emphasis is placed in the present work on those which are based on the Laplace transform. A particular form is described, in which replacement of the elastic modulus by a function of the transformed creep compliance gives transformed values of stress; these values are easily obtained numerically by the finite element method using elastic analyses. The transformed values of stress are then expressed as approximate functions of the transformed creep compliance; inversion of the ensuing functions gives the stress as an approximate function of time. Two applications are given; the first considers a simple axially loaded column with reinforcement and the second deals with a thick cylinder subjected to a temperature gradient.
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    Discussion of ‘Finite element residual schemes for unconfined flow’ by Chandrakant S. DesaiInt. J. num. Meth. Engng, 10, 1415-1418 (1976). (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 908-910 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    A finite element free boundary formulation for the problem of multiphase heat conduction (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 933-943 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The problem of heat conduction in a multiphase medium is a free boundary problem in which the free boundary is the phase transition line. The solution to this problem is highly irregular in that the temperature gradient is discontinuous at the free boundary. Two-dimensional, discontinuous, space-time finite elements are introduced to obtain a finite element, free boundary formulation for this problem. The jump in heat flux and position of the phase transition line become dependent variables in the finite element model. The resulting models give accurate results while allowing the calculation of free boundary problems with a fixed finite element mesh.
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    Numerical analysis of flow with or without wake past a symmetric two-dimensional profile without incidence (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 975-993 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Formulated in the hodograph plane, the bi-dimensional flow of a perfect fluid past a symmetric body leads to an elliptic variational inequality. By this way we show the existence of a one-parameter family of solutions. Furthermore the study gives us a simple and effective method for calculating the solutions. The results obtained with some typical profiles are given and compared with previous works.
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    Static stability of plates using fully conforming element (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 995-1003 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: In this paper the geometric stiffness matrices of a 12 degree-of-freedom rectangular element based on a fully compatible displacement field are developed for the first time and used to solve the elastic stability problem of rectangular plates under combined in-plane forces.The rapid convergence of buckling solutions based on the derived geometric stiffness matrices is demonstrated for plates with various boundary and loading conditions. Comparison of results shows that the present conforming element gives in all cases better results than the well known 12 degree-of-freedom non-conforming rectangular element.
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    An alternate finite difference operator for plates of variable stiffness (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1044-1048 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: A finite difference approximation for the equilibrium equation of a thin, laterally loaded, elastic plate of variable stiffness is developed; it uses plate stiffnesses at node points and at points midway between the nodes of the rectangular grids. Displacement and moment results using this operator and an alternate one are compared.
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    Call for papers (1977)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1056-1056 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110615
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    Compact computation of natural frequencies and buckling loads for plane frames (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1067-1081 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: Existing theory is assembled to give a method which needs only the core of a mini-computer to calculate the eigenvalues of large rigidly jointed plane frames with certainty, the eigenvalues being natural frequencies and critical load factors in free vibration and buckling problems, respectively. The method is illustrated by annotated listings of vibration and buckling programs, each involving under two hundred Fortran statements and with low number storage requirements (see Table I). The use of the programs as ‘black boxes’ is fully explained, with illustrative examples.The member theory used is the ‘exact’ classical Bernoulli-Euler uniform member theory. Possible applications include: evaluation of answers from approximate methods; calculation of critical loads for substitution in the modified Merchant-Rankine formula to estimate collapse loads of frames; and calculation of shifts in natural frequencies caused by structural damage, in connection with structural integrity monitoring of inaccessible structures.
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    A finite element convergence study for accelerating flow problems (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1155-1174 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: The convergence properties of several non-linear solution procedures were examined with respect to the accelerated flow of a fluid in a converging channel (the Hamel problem), using two different finite element computer programs with different elemental construction. The Reynolds number varied from that for creeping flow to 1088 without exceeding the radius of convergence. Special attention was given to the successive substitution and Newton-Raphson solution algorithms, with a significant advantage in rate of convergence noted for the latter.
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    An unconditionally stable explicit algorithm for structural dynamics (1977)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1579-1592 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper presents an unconditionally stable explicit algorithm for the direct integration of the structural dynamic equations of motion. The algorithm is restricted to a diagonal mass matrix and positive definite symmetric stiffness and damping matrices. The algorithm is based on splitting the stiffness and damping matrices into strictly lower and upper trangular form. Unconditional stability is proven, but only for the undamped case and a completely symmetric splitting of the stiffness matrix. An alternate splitting method is also presented and numerical examples indicate superior performance over the symmetric splitting, but only a conditional stability. A spring-mass-dashpot model is used to illustrate the algorithm.
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    Differentiation and integration using Bernstein's polynomials (1977)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1627-1630 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Newtonian die swell evaluation for axisymmetric tube exits using a finite element method (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1621-1626 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: Using a finite element method, a value of 13.2 per cent is obtained for the die swell of a highly-viscous Newtonian fluid flowing at very low Reynolds number from a circular tube of constant radius. The same method is then used to obtain die swell values for a variety of axisymmetric tube exits. It is found that, in general, conical constrictions at or near the tube exit result in a decrease in die swell, while conical expansions increase the die swell.
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    The steady state response of geometrically non-linear shallow arches (1977)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1261-1269 
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    Notes: The non-linear steady state response of structures with curvature is investigated through the expository example of a shallow circular arch. A consistent mass finite element formulation is employed to derive the governing non-linear differential equations.These equations are solved by assuming a single mode expansion reducing the governing equations to the single degree-of-freedom Duffing's equation with a quadratic term. The non-symmetric amplitude-frequency curve is derived and compared with results previously obtained by direct integration of the equations of motion.
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    Temperature load on thick curved shell elements (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1329-1333 
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    Notes: Temperature load on a shell is usually represented as initial strains in the tangent plane directions of the shell, since strains in shell surface normal directions are neglected. It is shown, however, that this simplification may give rise to significant errors for thick curved shell elements. A procedure to overcome this problem is presented. In particular the eight-node subparametric thick shell element is considered.
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    A block iterative finite element algorithm for numerical solution of the steady-state, compressible Navier-Stokes equations (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1879-1892 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An iterative method for numerically solving the time independent Navier-Stokes equations for viscous compressible flows is presented. The method is based upon partial application of the Gauss-Seidel principle in block form to the systems of the non-linear algebraic equations which arise in construction of finite element (Galerkin) models approximating solutions of fluid dynamic problems. The C0-cubic element on triangles is employed for function approximation. Computational results for a free shear flow at Re = 1000 indicate significant achievement of economy in iterative convergence rate over finite element and finite difference models which employ the customary time dependent equations and symptotic time marching procedure to steady solution. Numerical results are in excellent agreement with those obtained for the same test problem employing time marching finite element and finite difference solution techniques.
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    Closed form elastic-plastic stiffness matrix for axisymmetric finite elements (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 59-65 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This note presents the closed form equations for the stiffness terms in the elastic-plastic stiffness matrix for axisymmetric finite elements. The element considered is a triangular ring element characterized by linear displacement relationships and an averaged state of stress. The physical law is modelled by the incremental theory of plasticity utilizing the Prandtl-Reuss flow rule and von-Mises Yield Criterion. Results are presented comparing stiffness terms as computed by numerical integration to those computed from the closed form equations. Significant errors in stiffness terms arising from numerical integration are observed for axisymmetric elements located near the line of axial symmetry as a result of the logarithmic nature of some of the stiffness terms.
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    Certain properties of numerical schemes used to solve the blade-to-blade flow problem (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 85-92 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: The compressible potential flow on a blade-to-blade surface of a turbomachine is analysed using the Thomas algorithm. The numerical properties of resulting non-linear simultaneous equations are studied with respect to grid aspect ratios and convergence. The heuristic approach has established which are the important factors that affect the flow solution in typical blade-to-blade configurations.
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    Modification to the Suhara-Fukuda method of network generation (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 93-99 
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    Notes: This note describes improvements to the Suhara-Fukuda method for generating a triangular finite element network. These are based on the use of a node generation procedure which distributes nodes is a regular pattern across the network area and is sufficiently flexible to permit any variation in element density. Because of the regular node distribution, poorly shaped elements will not arise and so the procedure for connecting the nodes to form elements can be simplified. Examples of networks generaed in this way are given.
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    Discussion of a paper by E. O. FrindInt. J. num. Meth. Engng, 945-962 (1977). (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 183-185 
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    Notes: In a recent paper, Dr. Frind has formulated a two-dimensional isoparametric finite element based upon the Hermite bicubic interpolation scheme. The present discussion focuses upon certain simplifications in the derivation which appear to have diminished the accuracy of the resulting element, and suggests a simpler approach to the element formulation. This author agrees strongly with Dr. Frind's recommendation of the Hermite parametric element as an efficient and useful tool for general field problems; the present comments are offered to point out that, in fact, the accuracy comparisons presented by Dr. Frind are biased against the Hermite finite element.
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    Masthead (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    A least squares finite element approach to unsteady gas dynamics (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1-10 
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    Notes: A numerical technique for solving unsteady gas dynamic equations is presented. The technique is based on least squares finite element concepts with elements that are constructed in both space and time. Both linear and quadratic interpolation is used on individual elements. The technique is tested against a problem whose solution is known so that numerical accuracy can be ascertained.
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    Finite element analysis of steady-state elasto-visco-plastic flow by the initial stress-rate method (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 47-57 
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    Notes: A viscous approximation for steady creeping flow is extended to include the effect of elastic strains. Two examples are presented which illustrate both the method and the need for including elastic strains in the analysis of steady-state visco-plastic flows.
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    A finite element formulation for large elastic-plastic deformation analysis of polycrystals and some numerical considerations on polycrystalline plasticity (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 101-114 
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    Notes: A finite element formulation for large elasto-plastic deformation of polycrystalline materials is proposed in incremental form. The effect of rotation of crystal axes besides usual element rotaion is taken into account. Some numerical considerations on polycrystalline plasticity (i.e. stress-strain curves for several proportional loadings, effect of change of loading path on stress-strain curve, subsequent yield loci for uniaxial and equi-biaxial loadings and so forth) are given for the case of small deformation by using a plate model which consists of 121 square FCC crystals.
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    Addendum to the paper ‘finite element analysis of steady-state elasto-visco-plastic flow by the initial stress-rate method’ (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 382-383 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    A 2nd order numerical method for laminar flow at moderate to high Reynolds numbers: Entrance flow in a duct (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 405-414 
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    On least squares approximations to indefinite problems of the mixed type (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 453-469 
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    Notes: A least squares method is presented for computing approximate solutions of indefinite partial differential equations of the mixed type such as those that arise in connection with transonic flutter analysis. The mehod retains the advantages of finite difference schemes namely simplicity and sparsity of the resulting matrix system. However, it offers some great advantages over finite difference schemes. First, the method is insensitive to the value of the forcing frequency i.e., the resulting matrix system is always symmetric and positive definite,. As a result, iterative methods may be successfully employed to solve the matrix system, thus taking full advantage of the sparsity. Furthermore, the method is insensitive to the type of the partial differential equation, i.e., the computational algorithm is the same in elliptic and hyperbolic regions. In this work the method is formulated and numerical results for model problems are presented. Some theoretical aspects of least squares approximations are also discussed.
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    Finite element methods for an optimal steady-state control problem (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1375-1382 
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    Notes: An optimal steady-state control problem governed by an elliptic state equation is solved by several finite element methods. Finite element discretizations are applied to different variational formulations of the problem yielding accurate numerical results as compared with the given analytical solution. It is sated that, for minimum computational effort and high accuracy, ‘mixed’ finite elements requiring only C° continuity, and approximating the control and state functions simultaneously are better suited to similar ‘fourth order’ problems.
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    Sensitivity Of matrix eigenvaluesThis work was done while both authors were summer visitors to Argonne National Laboratory in connection with the LINPACK project. (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1367-1373 
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    Notes: A recent paper by Donald Gignac describes some difficulties with a certain matrix eigenvalue problem. This paper shows that the difficulties result from the naturue of the matrix itself. Quantities called condition numbers, which measure the sensitivity of the eigenvalues, are computed, and numerical results given.
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    Efficient implementation of anisotropic three dimensional boundary-integral equation stress analysis (1978)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1383-1397 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The boundary-integral equation medthod is particularly well suited for solution of stress concentration and elastic fracture mechanics problems. The method was not previously applicable to anisotropic three dimensional problems because no efficient technique existed for calculation of the required point load solution for an infinite body. A technique has been developed to evaluate numerically the anisotropic point load soultions, and used to generate data bases for various materials. An intrpolation technique is used to evaluate the point load solutions efficiently within a higher order boundary-intgral equation code. The effectiveness of the technique is verified by solution of problems involving both uniaxial stress states and stress concentrations.
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    Numerical fourier transformation: Singularity expansions and product integration (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1473-1477 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    ‘Potential energy with iterative correction’… or deterioration, that is the question (Reply by Authors to M. Crisfield's Discussion1 of ‘A Critical Assessment of the simplified Hybrid Displacement Method’2) (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1461-1472 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    A frontal-based solver for frequency analysis (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1659-1666 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Lumped mass matrices with non-zero inertia for general shell and axisymmetric shell elements (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1635-1650 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A diagonal lumped mas formulation with non-zero inertia terms is presented for Ahmad's general shell element. The effect of co-ordinate transformation of the mas matrix is demonstrated. Due to arbitray co-ordinate transformation on nodal variables, the diagonal lumped mas matrix becomes a banded matrix of half bandwidth three. It is shown that with some approximations this matrix can be made diagnoal without effecting the results appreciably. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the accuracy of the formulation. Similar lumped mass matrix formulation is also given for axisymmetric shell elements.
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    A systematic procedure for generating useful conformal mappings (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1651-1657 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A Procedure is presented for generating a class of conformal mappings useful in the formulation of finite-difference problems involving curved boundaries. The method provides a systematic approach that is capable, in principle, of reducing the geometry to a nearly-rectangular domain for a wide variety of partical problems. The introduction of sheared co-ordinates in this computational domain then provides for solution of the problem in a nearly-orthogonal (in fact, nearly-conformal) co-ordinate system, with its boundaries corresponding to co-ordinate lines. The method is based upon the Schwarz-Christoffel transformation and is quite simple to apply. Several examples illustrating the types of geometries which can be treated in this manner are presented.
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    Thin plate semiloof element for structural analysis-including stability and natural vibrations (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1667-1676 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a thin plate element formulated along parallel lines to the general three-dimensional Semiloof shell element. This plate version possesses only one half of the total number of degrees-of-freedom of the shell element and has the advantqage that the formulation of the strains and other terms is very much simplified. The element is first assessed in static situations and then its performance in the solution of eigenvalue problems is considered.
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    Central difference approximations to the heat transport equation (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1697-1704 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper analyses the oscillatory nature of central difference approximations to the heat transport equation when convection is the important mechanism of heat transport. The effects of three different boundary conditions, various heat source profiles, the Peclet Number and the parity of the number of meshes on the amplitudes of these oscillations are described. A boundary condition is presented which suppresses the oscillations to insignificant amplitudes in the one-dimensional situation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620121107
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    Upwinding of high order Galerkin methods in conduction-convection problems (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1764-1771 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Upwinded parabolic and cubic elements are derived on a uniform grid of size h for the finite element Galerkin method applied to the solution of the model conduction-convection problem εu″  -  Ku′ = 0, ε, K 〉 0, subject to the boundary conditions u(0) = 1, u (1) = 0. Extension of the results to more complicated problems is indicated. Finally numerical results are given comparing some of the methods derived for a range of L(=Kh/2ε), the grid Peclet number.
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    Hybrid stress finite element model for non-linear shell problems (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1819-1839 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The present paper describes a hybrid stress finite element formulation for geometrically non-linear analysis of thin shell structures. The element properties are derived from an incremental form of Hellinger-Reissner's variational principle in which all quantities are referred to the current configuration of the shell. From this multi-field variational principle, a hybrid stress finite element model is derived using standard matrix notation. Very simple flat triangular and quadrilateral elements are employed in the present study. The resulting non-linear equations are solved by applying the load in finite increments and restoring equilibrium by Newton-Raphson iteratioin. Numerical examples presented in the paper include complete snap-through buckling of cylindrical and spherical shells. It turns out that the present procedure is computationally efficient and accurate for non-linear shell problems of high complexity.
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    On thick superparametric shell element (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1883-1889 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Improved three point integration schemes for triangular finite elements (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1890-1896 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Symmetric three point quadrature schemes are at present available for triangles for exact integration of polynomials of degree 2. There are other possible symmetries, which provide higher accuracies. Exact integration of polynomials of a higher degree is possible. General formulations are made and a set of three integration points for improved accuracy is given.
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    Announcements (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1898-1900 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Non-linear ordinary differential equations, D. W. Jordan and P. Smith, Oxford University Press (part of Oxford Applied Mathematics and Computing Science Series), 1977. No. of pages: 360. Price:£6.50 (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1978), S. 1897-1898 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Structural optimization: A review and some recommendations (1978)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 203-228 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A brief review of the structural optimization literature and a description of the present status of optimization methods are presented. The scope of the review is limited and does not profess to cover the entire literature.Results of the optimization of two structures (by the optimality criteria approach) are presented. There are some conclusions and recommendations for future developments in structural optimization.
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    The finite element solution of dissipative electromagnetic surface waveguides (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 11-25 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A finite element method is developed for investigating the propagation of high frequency electromagnetic waves along closed or open (surface) waveguides containing dissipative materials and having a cross section of arbitrary shape. The complex propagation constants and associated complex electromagnetic fields are determined as a function of frequency for possible modes of propagation. The method is verified by applying it to structures of simple shape for which analytical results may be calculated for comparison. Waveguides considered include a waveguide filled with dissipative material, a dissipative dielectric rod, a dielectric coated wire and a conducting wire.
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    Infinite elements (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 53-64 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A series of shape functions analogous to Lagrange polynomials, but including an exponential decay term, are suggested as appropriate for elements which extend to infinity. The shape functions are applied to a number of examples, mainly of viscous flow, where the domain extends to infinity. Both explicitly integrated and numerically integrated elements are described. The technique is applicable to many problems where the domain is supposed to extend to infinity.
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    Integration of triangular finite elements containing corrective rational functions (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 107-114 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Rational corrective functions are often supplemented to complete polynomials in order to create conforming triangular finite elements for plate bending. Although such elements containing complete polynomials of degree 3 or 4 have long been known, conforming triangular elements for plate bending, which contain complete polynomials of arbitrary degree p ≤ 5 and new corrective rational functions, have been given only recently.Integration of rational functions usually requires numerical quadrature. It is shown here that these new corrective rational functions fall into two classes. For those in one class, explicit closed form integration formulas are available. For those in the other class, integration can be performed very efficiently by summing series whose general term is O(kd) for large k, where d ≤ 5. These formulas also apply to the older third and fourth order elements.
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    The flexural analysis of laminated composites using a parabolic isometric plate bending element (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 174-179 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Technical note: The application of computers to viscosity measurement in non-newtonian fluids (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 191-194 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method is described for the determination of viscosity-shear rate dependence in non-Newtonian fluids from simple pipe flow data. Results are presented to illustrate the accuracy of the method.
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    Automatic generation of stiffness matrices for finite element analysis (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 396-400 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Procedures for the automatic generation of symbolic stiffness matrices are presented that greatly reduce the amount of work involved in the construction of finite element stiffness matrices. The related system of programs is presented which completely automates the matrix generation and an example is given.
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    A modified prefrontal routine (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 765-766 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Masthead (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    Vector and tensor methods, Frank Chorlton, Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, 1976. No. of pages: 332. Price: cloth £8.00, paper £3.50 (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 768-768 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110417
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    Structural instability and natural vibration analysis of thin arbitrary shells by use of the Semiloof element (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 481-498 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: At present the Semiloof element is probably one of the most efficient available for the solution of thin shells of arbitrary geometry. Experience in static situations indicates that accurate results can be obtained for non-trivial geometric and loading configurations with relatively coarse meshes. Variable thickness shells or discontinuous thicknesses can be accommodated and no difficulties are encountered in modelling sharp corners or multiple junctions in structures. The element is basically non-conforming but some measure of C1 continuity is provided by the introduction of normal rotation variables at Loof nodes on the element boundary. This paper examines the element behaviour when applied to elastic instability and vibration situations. An eigenvalue solution scheme based on Sturm sequences is presented which does not require the usual elimination of a percentage of the total nodal variables by static condensation. Finally the method is assessed by the solution of several numerical examples.
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    A note on a simple thick finite strip (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 905-907 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    Numerical methods for constrained optimization (Ed. P. E. Gill and W. Murray), Academic Press, London, 1974. Price £8.80. 283 pages (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 912-912 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Numerical integration on a triangle (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 797-815 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Approximations, with any arbitrary degree, of integrals on a triangle are obtained as a product (different from Stroud's conical product formulas) of one-dimensional Gauss-Jacobi formulas.
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    Determination of eigenvalues of large structural systems in an arbitrarily specified range (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 867-874 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: For a large structural system of small bandwidth a technique combining linear interpolation on the characteristic polynomial and suppression of its previously determined roots by deflation can be used to determine its eigenvalues. The eigenvalues, however, have to be found in order, beginning from either the lowest (or the highest) to obtain monotonic convergence to the polynomial roots. A method which eliminates this restriction is presented in this paper. If eigenvalues greater than a are desired, the method, in essence, consists of modifying the deflation procedure to suppress all the eigenvalues smaller than a without actually determining them. Some consequences of the procedure developed in this paper are also presented and it is shown that the standard deflation technique is a special case of this procedure. The method has been applied to a wide range of problems with success and considerable saving in computation time.
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    Analysis of active ladder network by using coates flow graphs and continuants (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 900-904 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple method for solving the matrix equation describing the general active ladder network, is presented. Using Coates flow graphs and continuants the expressions for current, voltage, and also example of application are given.
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    A modification of the alpha constant technique (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1053-1054 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Erratum (1977)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1058-1058 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    An energy basis for mesh refinement of structural continua (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1083-1091 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper proposes an energy measure of discretization error and examines its use for finite element mesh refinement in the analysis of structural continua.The measure is based on the strain energy contributions by the admissible displacement response modes of an element. An element energy differential is obtained by separating the energy contribution due to the higher displacement modes. This measure is suitable for use with all element types based on the direct stiffness method.The paper presents results of membrane, plate and shell analyses using the measure. It compares sequences of analysis with successively improved meshes to explore the quality of the measure. It concludes that the element energy difference provides a quantitative measure of the efficiency of a given mesh and a qualitative measure which is useful for selecting further mesh refinements, when necessary.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110705
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    On isoparametric vs linear strain triangular elements (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1041-1043 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110610
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  • 92
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    Static analysis of diaphragm-supported cylindrical shells using a curved finite strip (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1347-1364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two versions are presented of a tranversely-curved finite strip for the static analysis of circular cylindrical shells. The strip is a refined displacement model with sixteen transverse degrees-of-freedom arranged either at two or at four nodal lines. The analysis is specialized for cylinders with diaphragm supports at the ends - via the employment of simple trigonometric series in the longitudinal direction - but extension to other end conditions is straightforward in principle. Detailed results of applications of the curved strip are presented.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110902
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  • 93
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    Substructured macro elements based on locally blended interpolation (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1405-1421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper we describe a new class of locally refined macro finite elements which are especially amenable to the use of substructuring techniques for the efficient solution of the resulting idealization. The tools and guidelines illustrated by the examples of modelling crack tips, point load singularities and singularities at re-entrant corners should enable an analyst to construct other such blended macro elements specifically tailored to his particular class of problems. The use of such substructured macro elements in finite element calculations permits substantial reduction in the manual effort of data preparation and the computational cost of numerical solution.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110906
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  • 94
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    Isoparametric, finite element, variational solution of integral equations for three-dimensional fields (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1455-1471 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An improved numerical method, based on a variational approach with isoparametric finite elements, is presented for the solution of the boundary integral equation formulation of three-dimensional fields. The technique provides higher-order approximation of the unknown function over a bounding surface described by two-parameter, non-planar elements. The integral equation is discretized through the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure. Convergence to the solution for operators having a positive-definite component is guaranteed. Kernel singularities are treated by removing them from the relevant integrals and dealing with them analytically. A successive element iterative process, which produces the solution of the large dense matrix of the complete structure, is described. The discretization and equation solution take place one element at a time resulting in storage and computational savings. Results obtained for classical test models, involving scalar electrostatic potential and vector elastostatic displacement fields, demonstrate the technique for the solution of the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. Solution of the Fredholm equation of the second kind is to be reported subsequently.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110909
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  • 95
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    Analyse numérique des inéquations variationelles (in French), R. Glowinski, J. L. Lions and R. Trémolieres, Dunod, Paris, 1976. No. of pages: 558. price: 390FF (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1486-1486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110914
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  • 96
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    A simple and efficient finite element for plate bending (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1529-1543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple and efficient finite element is introduced for plate bending applications. Bilinear displacement and rotation functions are employed in conjunction with selective reduced integration. Numerical examples indicate that, despite its simplicity, the element is surprisingly accurate.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620111005
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  • 97
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    A mathematical programming method for the inelastic analysis of reinforced concrete frames (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1137-1154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A mathematical programming method is presented for solving problems of (i) determining the moments and rotations and (ii) determining the safety factor of reinforced concrete frames. The proposed method is essentially a reformulation of those developed by De Donato and Maier. However, the reformulation results in a new mathematical programming model for which an efficient algorithm is developed. The advantage of the proposed method is mainly computational; in fact it requires roughly one half computer time and storage space as compared with those De Donato and Maier employ to solve the same problem.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110709
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    Masthead (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110801
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  • 99
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    Computational efficiency of non-linear programming methods on a class of structural problems (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1203-1223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Results are presented of an investigation as to the computational efficiency of several non-linear programming algorithms on the constrained structural weight optimization of plane trusses and plane stress plates. The optimization algorithms considered are the methods of sequential linear programming, of feasible directions based on Zoutendijk's procedure P1, and of sequential unconstrained minimizations using the methods of Powell, Stewart, Fletcher-Powell, and Newton. Results are presented on computational efficiency as a function of number of design parameters and as a function of the function evaluation effort to derivative evaluation effort ratio.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110803
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  • 100
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    On curved finite elements for the analysis of circular arches (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1635-1651 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper proposes a straightforward criterion to warrant the displacement functions being used in the finite element approximation of circular arches. The criterion was established by studying the natural shape function, i.e. the exact solution of the deformed shape, of the circular arch element. The exact stiffness matrix [K]exact is derived from the natural shape and is confirmed to be the inverse of the well-known flexibility matrix [F]exact in the curved beam theory. The present paper compares the inverse [K]-1 of the stiffness matrix derived from the assumed displacement function with the [F]exact. It is shown that the procedure also guarantees the implicit inclusion of rigid-body modes in the pertinent stiffness matrix [K]. Case studies on typical approximate displacement functions assure the appropriateness as well as the ease of application of the proposed method.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620111102
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