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  • Chromatographie, Dünnschicht  (39)
  • Zea  (35)
  • Immunocytochemistry  (34)
  • Auxin  (30)
  • Springer  (131)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (131)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1978  (73)
  • 1977  (58)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (131)
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (131)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of enamel matrix proteins on root-analogue surfaces of rabbit permanent incisor teeth (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 223-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Enamel-cementum-morphology ; Immunocytochemistry ; Biochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The continuously erupting rabbit incisor tooth is normally thought of as having an enamel covered “crown” on its labial surface and a cementum covered “root” on its lingual surface. We have examined both surfaces of continuously erupting rabbit incisor teeth taken from near term embryos by a variety of means, including transmission and scanning electron microscopy, biochemical fractionation, and immunohistochemistry. In all cases, we could detect no qualitative difference in the early extracellular matrices taken from the labial and lingual surfaces of the teeth. Both matrices were shown to be composed of dentin and enamel, although the thickness and geometry of the enamel matrix on the lingual surface was somewhat different from that on the labial surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223320
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of regenerated cell walls in tobacco and cereal protoplasts (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 155-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Cell-wall regeneration ; Electrical potential ; Nicotiana ; Protoplast culture ; Turgor pressure ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four independent kinds of observations indicate that the cell wall regenerated by oat (Avena sativa L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) protoplasts in culture is less well developed than that regenerated by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) protoplasts. Following wall regeneration the cereal protoplasts remained susceptible to osmotic shock upon transfer to water, showed great enlargement, stained poorly with calcofluor white, and maintained a positive internal electrical potential. The development of a negative membrane potential by tobacco protoplasts in culture often occurred simultaneously with the onset of cell division. Since division was observed only in protoplasts which had regenerated good cell walls and had re-established negative membrane potentials it is suggested that culture conditions which favor these two processes should improve protoplast viability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387141
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Affinity labels for auxin binding sites in corn coleoptile membranes (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 134 (1977), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Affinity labels ; Auxin ; Cell membranes ; Hormone Receptors ; Receptors ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two auxin analogues have been tested as affinity labels for auxin binding sites in coleoptile membranes of Zea mays L. Reacting the membranes at pH 8–9 with the diazonium salt of CAPA (2-chloro-4-aminophenoxyacetic acid) reduces their subsequent ability to bind NAA(1-naphthylacetic acid). Diazo-Chloramben (2,5-dichloro-3-aminobenzoic acid) is also effective in inhibiting NAA binding capacity and this inhibition is largely independent of reaction pH over the range pH 6–9. Similar experiments with sulphydryl reagents have shown that reaction of the membranes with p-mercuribenzoate (PMB) strongly inhibits subsequent auxin binding activity. Prior addition of NAA protects the binding sites against the action of diazo-Chloramben or PMB when the reactions are carried out at pH 6. From these results and from other considerations, several of the amino acid residues in the binding site environment have been tentatively assigned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384963
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  • 4
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    Ion measurements by X-ray microanalysis in unfixed, frozen, hydrated plant cells of species differing in salt tolerance (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 134 (1977), S. 35-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Hordeum ; Salt tolerance ; Scanning electronmicroscope ; X-ray microanalysis ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A technique is described for X-ray microanalysis of unfixed, frozen, hydrated higher plant cells using a scanning electron microscope in conjunction with a cryostage. Freezing in liquid N2 is the only preparative step required. Using this method, ion distribution was compared in the roots of Zea mays L. (termed a salt excluder) and Hordeum vulgare L. (which is rather more tolerant), both grown in the presence of NaCl. Distinct differences were observed between the two species in Na, K and Cl distribution. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that reabsorption of Na from the xylem sap in the mature regions of the root may occur in salt-sensitive glycophytes such as Z. mays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390091
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  • 5
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    Growth of Avena coleoptiles and pH drop of protoplast suspensions induced by chlorinated indoleacetic acids (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Avena ; Helianthus ; pH drop ; Pisum ; Protoplast suspension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several indoleacetic acids, substituted in the benzene ring, were compared in the Avena straight growth bioassay. 4-Chloroindoleacetic acid, a naturally occurring plant hormone, is one of the strongest hormones in this bioassay. With an optimum at 10-6 mol l-1, it is more active than indoleacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid and naphthaleneacetic acid. 5-Chloro- and 6-chloroindoleacetic acids are very strong auxins as well. Other derivatives tested have a lower activity. 5,7-Dichloro- and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acids have very low auxin activity at 10-4 mol l-1 and may be anti-auxins. Some of the derivatives were compared for their effect on pH decline in stem protoplast suspensions of Helianthus annuus L. and Pisum sativum L. The change of pH occurs without a lag period or with only a very short one. Derivatives which are very active in the Avena straight growth assay cause a larger pH decline than indoleacetic acid, while inactive derivatives cause effectively no pH decline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389385
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  • 6
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    Properties of auxin binding sites in different subcellular fractions from maize coleoptiles (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 97-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin binding ; Coleoptiles ; Multiple receptors ; Tonoplast ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In-vitro binding of labeled auxins to sedimentable particles was tested in subcellular fractions from homogenates of maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles. The material was fractionated by differential centrifugation or on sucrose density gradients. It was confirmed that the major saturable binding activity (site I) for 1-naphthyl[1-14C]acetic acid is associated with vesicles derived from the endoplasmatic reticulum. A second type of specific auxin binding (site II) could be distinguished by several criteria, e.g. by the low affinity towards phenylacetic acid. The particles carrying site II could be clearly separated from markers of the endoplasmatic reticulum, the plasmalemma, the mitochondria and the nuclei, while their density as well as sedimentation velocity correlated with particle-bound acid phosphatase, indicating a localization at the tonoplast. In contrast to site I, binding at site II was hardly affected by a supernatant factor and by sulfhydryl groups. However, the specificity pattern of site II towards auxins and auxin analogs was very similar to that of site I tested in the presence of supernatant factor. The existence of a third auxin receptor localized in plasma membrane-rich gradient fractions was indicated by a preferential in-vitro binding of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384907
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  • 7
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    Early time course and specificity of auxin effects on turgor movement of the bean pulvinus (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 107-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Leaf movement ; Phaseolus ; Pulvinus ; Turgor movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Auxin application to the upper side of the pulvinus of primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. promoted bending away from the place of application. The effect had a latency of less than 20 min and was specifically induced by substances known as active auxins in growth tests (indoleacetic and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid) but not by inactive auxin analogs (2-naphthaleneacetic, 3-indolepropionic and benzoic acid); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and L-(-)-2,4-dichlorophenoxyisopropionic acid were of intermediate activity. Auxin-promoted bending was reversible and presumably caused by turgor increase in the treated cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384908
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  • 8
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    Continuous measurement of initial curvature of maize coleoptiles induced by lateral auxin application (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 201-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Cell elongation ; Coleoptiles ; Fusicoccin ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To analyze early effects of auxin application, an apparatus was developed which continuously and simultaneously registered the curvature of 10 individual maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles. Resolution was less than 5 μm over a range of ±0.5 mm. The data were evaluated and plotted via paper tape and Hewlett-Packard-computer. Unilateral application of 3×10-5 M indoleacetic acid (IAA) resulted in a transient inhibition of growth on the side of application for ca. 10 min (Phase I), followed by a strong stimulation (Phase II). The phytotoxin fusicoccin (FC) caused an immediate stimulation of elongation. The initial negative reaction of Phase I is auxin-specific. Only active auxins such as IAA and 1-naphtaleneacetic acid produced this initial inhibition; chemical analogs-inhibitory or neutral in long-term growth tests, e.g. phenylacetic acid-did not show any significant effects on Phase I. When the coleoptiles were symmetrically preloaded with different levels of auxin, only a large step-up of subsequent unilateral auxin application resulted in a negative phase I; a small step-up led to an immediate positive reaction. The results are discussed in context with the parallel kinetics for various other auxin-induced reactions of coleoptile cells which have already been published.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390249
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  • 9
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    Heterogeneity of storage proteins in maize (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 136 (1977), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Protein ; Storage protein ; Zea ; Zein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The extensive charge heterogeneity of maize (Zea mays L.) zeins observed in isoelectric focusing (IEF) (about 15 bands with pI's in the pH range 6–9) has been found to be independent of extraction procedures or of endosperm development. Zeins do not stain for glycoproteins and exhibit only one lipoprotein component, with pI 3, representing 3–5% of the total protein. Zeins are very resistant to in vitro deamidation, at both acidic and alkaline pH, at high temperatures, and for rather prolonged times. On the basis of the zein content in acidic and basic amino acids, and of the respective pI's exhibited in IEF (mostly in the pH range 7–8) it has been calculated that at least 90% of the glutamic and aspartic acids (≈52 residues out of a total of ≈ 190) are present as asparagine and glutamine. Amino acid analysis of zein fractions isolated by preparative IEF has demonstrated changes in the composition of 18 amino acid residues. However, since these changes affect only neutral and hydrophobic residues, it is concluded that the observed zein heterogeneity is partly based on in vivo deamidation of glutamine and asparagine and partly to spot mutations in some of the genes responsible for zein synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396186
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  • 10
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    Light-induced fluorescence decay during the greening of normal and lincomycin-treated maize leaves (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 141 (1978), S. 135-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chlorophyll (fluorescence) ; Fluorescence (chlorophyll) ; Lincomycin ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Light-induced fluorescence decay was examined during the greening of control and lincomycintreated maize (Zea mays L.) leaves. Assuming that this decay to a first approximation is the result of two parallel first-order reactions, the fluorescence induction curves were linearized on the logarithm plot and the parameters were determined. The variable fluorescence increased, and the parameters of the two linear sections of the fluorescence decay—that is, the kinetics of the induction curves—changed during the greening of the control leaves. Lincomycin treatment caused some chlorophyll deficiency and the lowering of the chlorophyll a/b ratio, changed the fluorescence emission spectra and the effect of Mg2+ on the regulation of the excitation energy distribution. The structure of the thylakoids and the kinetics of the fluorescence decay were also changed in the treated leaves. The possible relationship between the change of the kinetics of the fluorescence decay and the change of spillover during greening and after lincomycin treatment is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387879
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  • 11
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    Auxin inhibition of acid-and fusicoccin-induced elongation in lentil roots (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 136 (1977), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Acid growth ; Auxin ; Ethylene ; Fusicoccin ; Growth inhibition ; Lens ; Root growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Both acid pH (4.0) and fusicoccin (FC) strongly stimulate root elongation in intact lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) seedlings. FC-induced elongation is apparently mediated by FC-enhanced H+ secretion since the toxin induces massive secretion of H+ in these roots after a latent period of less than 5 min. Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) strongly inhibits elongation in control roots as well as acid-induced and FC-induced root elongation. Treatment of apical root segments with auxin causes only a slight apparent uptake of H+ and has no inhibitory effect on FC-induced H+ secretion, whether the hormone is given before or after the toxin. Auxin induces ethylene production in excised roots of lentil but the latent period is at least 30 min while inhibition of root elongation by IAA is maximal within 30 min. It is concluded that the inhibitory action of auxin on acid-and fusicoccin-induced root elongation is a direct effect, independent of auxin-induced ethylene production or auxin-mediated modification of cell-wall pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396184
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  • 12
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    Synergistic effect of gibberellic acid and indole-3-acetic acid on rooting in stem cuttings of Abelmoschus esculentus Moench (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 111-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abelmoschus ; Auxin ; Gibberellin ; Root formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) enhanced the formation of roots on the stem cuttings of Abelmoschus esculentus. The effect increased considerably when both IAA and GA3 were applied together.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392926
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  • 13
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    Asymbiotic association of Rhizobium with pea epicotyls treated with a plant hormone (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 107-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Nitrogen fixation (asymbiotic) ; Pisum ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Treatment of epicotyls of dark-grown pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings with indole-3-acetic acid causes swelling of the tissue. Application of Rhizobium to the cut surface of the swollen tissue results in the development of an “infection”. The infection spreads in the cortical cells and proceeds 2–3 mm deep into the stem within 3–4 days. An acetylene reduction assay used for detecting nitrogen-fixation capacity of the infected tissue was negative at 10% [O2]; however, if [O2] was reduced to below 1%, some activity could be detected. Ultrastructural observations indicate that the cytoplasmic contents of the infected cells are destroyed and no membrane structure around the bacteria is formed during this infection. Rhizobium does not appear to have developed any symbiotic relationship with the host. Failure to develop symbiosis appears to result in a parasitic or saprophytic association and the nitrogen fixed under such conditions may not be of any use to the plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392925
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  • 14
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    Changes in the secretory activity of the Golgi apparatus during the cell cycle in root tips of maize (Zea Mays L.) (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell division ; Cell wall ; Golgi apparatus ; Secretory vesicles ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Epidermal cells of maize roots were studied to determine the distribution of Golgi apparatus-derived secretory vesicles in various stages of cell division. The following conclusions were reached: 1) The pattern of Golgi apparatus secretion varies with the cell cycle. 2) Large numbers of secretory vesicles are incorporated into the cell plate. 3) Secretory vesicles from the Golgi apparatus are incorporated primarily in walls undergoing expansion. 4) Secretory vesicles are smaller during mitosis and the first part of cytokinesis than they are during interphase. 5) Secretory vesicles account for at least 12–23% of cell-plate plasma membrane and an estimated 25% of cell-plate volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391165
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  • 15
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    α-and β-Glycosidases in maize roots (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Glycosidases ; Root ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four glycosidases were analyzed in 10 mm apical segments prepared from growing roots (15 mm) of Zea mays L. The pH optima were found to be 5.8 for β-glucosidase, 4.4 for β-galactosidase, 6.4 for α-glucosidase and 6.0 for α-galactosidase. The β-glucosidase showed 4-fold higher activity than the β-galactosidase. The distribution of the β-glucosidase activity was signifcantly different from that of the β-galactosidase, α-glucosidase and α-galactosidase.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391166
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  • 16
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    The influence of growth regulators absorbed by the root on sex expression in hemp plants (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 181-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Auxin ; Cannabis ; Cytokinin ; Flowers (sex) ; Gibberellin ; Sex expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Application, through the root system, of growth regulators to hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants having 2–3 pairs of visible leaves caused pronounced shifts of sex expression in the adult individuals. Treatment with gibberellic acid (25 mg/l) resulted in more than 80% of the plants being male, i.e. having staminate flowers (controls, ca. 30%). Treatment with 6-benzylaminopurine and with indole-3-acetic acid (in either case, 15 mg/l) resulted in all plants being either female (pistillate flowers) or intersexes (bisexual flowers); treatment with abscisic acid (10 mg/l) had a similar but somewhat less pronounced effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391176
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  • 17
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    Ethylene and adventitious root formation in hypocotyl segments of etiolated mung-bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) seedlings (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 193-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Ethylene ; Root formation ; Vigna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rooting responses and ethylene production by hypocotyl cuttings from etiolated mung-bean seedlings treated with the auxins α-naphthaleneacetic acid, γ-(indole-3)-n-butyric acid (IBA) and 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxypropionic acid were determined. There was no relationship between the abilities of the auxins to induce root formation and their capacities for inducing ethylene production. Studies with mixtures of 3-indoleacetic acid, a poor stimulator of rooting but an effective inducer of ethylene production, and IBA, an effective rooting stimulator but a poor inducer of ethylene production, exposure of cuttings to ethylene or (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (Ethephon), hypobaric storage (150 mb) of treated cuttings, and exposure of auxin-treated cuttings to 7% CO2 also indicated that ethylene is not directly involved in initiation of adventitious roots in this plant material.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386810
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  • 18
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    3-O-Methyl glucose uptake stimulation by auxin and by fusicoccin in plant materials and its relationships with proton extrusion (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 249-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Fusicoccin ; Glucose transport ; Proton flux ; Roots ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Auxin and fusicoccin (FC) stimulate the active uptake of 3-O-methyl glucose (3-O-MG) in those materials in which they have been shown to activate an electrogenic proton extrusion (Pisum sativum L. stems, Zea mays L. coleoptiles and roots). In maize roots the curve relating 3-O-MG influx to external concentrations indicated that the values of the apparent Km increase in the 3-O-MG concentration range between 2×10-5 mol l-1 and 2×10-2 mol l-1. FC did not alter the Km values and its stimulating effect was nearly constant at all 3-O-MG concentrations tested. Basal and FC-induced uptake of 3-O-MG appeared associated with a transient proton influx suggesting that also in maize roots a sugar-proton contransport occurs. Diethyl stilbestrol, which inhibits proton extrusion, inhibited also basal and FC-induced 3-O-MG uptake. The data support the view that the stimulation by FC of 3-O-MG uptake is closely related to that of proton extrusion. The stimulation by FC of 3-O-MG uptake cannot be replaced by increasing extracellular proton concentration, nor may be explained only by the FC-induced hyperpolarization of transmembrane potential difference. The hypothesis is proposed that the effect of FC on 3-O-MG uptake depends on an increase of cytoplasmic pH, following the activation of the proton extruding system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386819
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  • 19
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    Phytochrome photoreversibility: Empirical test of the hypothesis that it varies as a consequence of pigment compartmentation (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 141 (1978), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Immunocytochemistry ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phytochrome of oat (Avena sativa L., cv. Garry) coleoptile cells in the red-light-absorbing form, Pr, is diffusely distributed while after conversion to the far-red-light-absorbing form, Pfr, it is observed only in very small areas within the cell. Comparison of phytochrome photoversibility measurements to the distribution of the pigment within the cell indicates that the spectral assay is not influenced by the observed compartmentalization of the chromoprotein. However, the observed compartmentalization of phytochrome is correlated with a loss in spectrophotometrically detectable Pr.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387878
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  • 20
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    Auxin gradient along the root of the maize seedling (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 141 (1978), S. 179-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Maize ; Root tip ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract [5-3H]Indol-3yl-acetic acid (IAA) applied to the shoot apices of intact 6-day-old maize (Zea mays L.) plants moved into the primary root and accumulated at the root apex. IAA from the shoot could partially satisfy the requirement of the primary root for IAA for growth.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387886
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  • 21
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    Hormonal regulation of cotton ovule and fiber growth: Effects of bromodeoxyuridine, AMO-1618 and p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 141 (1978), S. 269-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: AMO-1618 ; Antiauxin ; Auxin ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cell (fiber) growth ; Gibberellin ; Gossypium ; Ovules (in-vitro culture)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BUdR, thymidine analogue), AMO-1618 (2-isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidine carboxylate methyl chloride), a growth retardant, and p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB, an antiauxin) on growth (dry weight increase) and fiber development in unfertilized cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ovules grown in vitro have been studied. BUdR (5 μM) causes about 70% inhibition of fiber production, with little effect on ovule growth, if applied during the first 6 d of culture in the presence of GA3 and IAA. AMO-1618, when used with GA3 alone, causes only a small reduction in both dry weight and fiber production, but when used with IAA alone reduces both fiber production and dry weight, the effect on the latter being predominant. In the presence of both IAA and GA3, AMO-1618 causes a small decrease in fiber production but a major decrease in dry weight. PCIB completely inhibits fiber growth but has little effect on dry weight, especially when GA3 is present. These results indicate that GA3 mainly promotes ovule growth while IAA is largerly responsible for fiber growth.
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    Early responses to gibberellic acid in a dwarf maize mutant (Zea mays L. d 1) (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 137 (1977), S. 25-28 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Gibberellin ; Ion ratio ; Microprobe analysis ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Early effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) (1–4 h treatment) on the ion ratios in a dwarf maize mutant (Zea mays L. d 1) showing normal growth after hormone treatment, have been investigated by electron microprobe analysis. GA3 exerts a different effect on the ion ratios in plastids, cytoplasm and vacuoles in short term experiments. The Cl content of chloroplasts and cytoplasm increases without a lag phase after GA3 treatment. The K content of plastids increases after a lag phase of 2 h, whereas in the cytoplasm an increase can be observed immediately after GA3 addition. The hormone has only little influence on the Ca content of the cell compartments investigated. Control experiments with water and the physiologically inactive GA3 methylester confirm the specifity of the short-term actions of GA3 on the ion ratios. The primary action of GA3 at the membrane level is discussed.
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    Effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the structure and function of developing chloroplasts (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 137 (1977), S. 65-69 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Chlorophyll content ; Chloroplast ; Photosynthetic rate ; Raphanus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dark-grown radish seedlings (Raphanus sativus L.) were sprayed with 10-3 mol·l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and then were exposed to a 14:10 light: dark cycle. Cotyledon samples from these seedlings and unsprayed controls were taken for electron microscopy, chlorophyll determinations, and photosynthetic rate measurements at regular intervals for 72 h. A normal development of etioplasts to chloroplasts with formation of typical grana-fret work system was observed in the control cotyledons. The chloroplasts in the 2,4-D-treated cotyledons showed changes in the organization of the grana thylakoids; these thylakoids being more appressed to each other than in the controls. The chlorophyll content of treated plants was less than that of controls but the rate of chlorophyll biosynthesis was unaffected. The photosynthetic rate/mg chlorophyll was considerably higher for treated plants suggesting that 2,4-D treatment resulted in decreased size of the photosynthetic unit.
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    The stimulation of cell extension by ethylene and auxin in aquatic plants (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 144 (1978), S. 39-47 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Aquatic plants ; Auxin ; Cell elongation ; Ethylene ; Ethylene biosynthesis ; Silverions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Elongation of the shoots of three aquatic plants (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, Regnellidium diphyllum and Ranunculus sceleratus) is stimulated by treatment with ethylene or IAA. The effects of the two hormones are additive, and experiments with an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor and silver ions indicate that the mechanisms by which ethylene and IAA stimulate growth may be different. Hydrocharis and Ranunculus leaf discs synthesize [14C]ethylene from [14C]methionine, but no [14C]ethylene is formed by Regnellidium, suggesting the existence of an alternative pathway of ethylene biosynthesis in the fern.
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    Identification of embryonal antigens of maize: Globulins as primary reserve proteins of the embryo (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 143 (1978), S. 11-20 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Antigen spectra ; Embryo (proteins) ; γ-Plantlets ; Germination (seeds) ; Globulins ; Proteins (storage) ; Seedling growth ; Storage proteins ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Normal and γ-irradiated caryopses of Zea mays L. were germinated, and the degradation of embryonal antigens (EA) was followed in the endosperms, scutella and embryonic axes of the seedlings, using double immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and quantitative immunoprecipitation. The predominant transient EA were presumed to be storage proteins related to the reserve globulins of dicotyledonous seeds. Therefore globulins were isolated from maize scutella, purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and isoelectric precipitation, and the molecular weights of the polypeptide units were estimated by discontinuous sodium-dodecyl-sulphate slab electrophoresis. The globulins were found to be identical with the predominant EA and amounted to about 40% of the protein nitrogen in the embryos of mature, non-germinated caryopses. The presumed reserve function of the globulins and the characteristic time course of their degradation in embryonic axes and scutella of maize seedlings are discussed in relation to the two-step pattern of mobilization of nitrogen reserves in germinating cereal caryopses.
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    A specific radioimmunoassay for nanogram quantities of the auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 136 (1977), S. 173-180 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Immunoassay ; Nicotiana ; Radioimmunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have developed a specific radioimmunoassay [RIA] for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the 0.2 ng to 12 ng range which, in principle, can be extended to other indole auxins as well. Methods are presented for obtaining suitable antibody, for the RIA procedure, and for measuring IAA in methanolic extracts of plant tissues. Antibody specific for IAA was obtained from rabbits immunized with IAA bound to bovine serum albumin by formaldehyde treatment. In assays with this antibody, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and indoles structurally related to IAA reacted from 300- to 3000-fold less than did IAA itself. However, α-and β-naphthaleneacetic acid reacted significantly and hence interfered with the assay. Extracts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) tissue were immunoassayed after partial purification by buffer-ether partition. Crown-gall tumor tissue, which is auxin-autotrophic, and pith tissue depleted of auxin by the diffusion method contained, respectively, 26.7 ng and 〈0.5 ng extractable IAA per gram fresh weight.
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    Studies of chloroplast development in four maize mutants defective in chlorophyll biosynthesis (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 143 (1978), S. 207-211 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chlorophyll mutants ; Chloroplasts (development) ; Etioplasts ; Prolamellar body ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four mutants of maize (Zea mays L.) defective in chlorophyll biosynthesis have been analyzed with regard to the sites of their lesions and their effects on chloroplast development. Two yellow mutants, which accumulate no detectable porphyrin precursors when grown in darkness, are defective in the conversion of protoporphyrin IX to magnesium protoporphyrin. Etioplasts of these mutants may develop elaborate lamellar membrane systems, but prolamellar bodies are never observed. Two mutants, which are necrotic when grown under illumination, develop normal (non-necrotic) leaf tissue in the dark and accumulate a small amount of magnesium protoporphyrin monomethyl ester, corresponding approximately to the amount of protochlorophyllide accumulated by normal plants. The etioplasts of these mutants contain noncrystalline bodies. The implications of these observations with respect to chloroplast development are discussed.
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    The influence of externally supplied sucrose on phloem transport in the maize leaf strip (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 137 (1977), S. 145-151 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Phloem transport ; Sucrose ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sucrose (2,5–1000 mmol l−1), labeled with [14C]sucrose, was taken up by the xylem when supplied to one end of a 30-cm-long leaf strip of Zea mays L. cv. Prior. The sugar was loaded into the phloem and transported to the opposite end, which was immersed in diluted Hoagland's nutrient solution. When the Hoagland's solution at the opposite end was replaced by unlabeled sucrose solution of the same molarity as the labeled one, the two solutions met near the middle of the leaf strip, as indicated by radioautographs. In the dark, translocation of 14C-labeled assimilates was always directed away from the site of sucrose application, its distance depending on sugar concentration and translocation time. When sucrose was applied to both ends of the leaf strip, translocation of 14C-labeled assimilates was directed toward the lower sugar concentration. In the light, transport of 14-C-labeled assimilates can be directed (1) toward the morphological base of the leaf strip only (light effect), (2) toward the base and away from the site of sucrose application (light and sucrose effect), or (3) away from the site of sucrose application independent of the (basipetal or acropetal) direction (sucrose effect). The strength of a sink, represented by the darkened half of a leaf strip, can be reduced by applying sucrose (at least 25 mmol l−1) to the darkened end of the leaf strip. However, equimolar sucrose solutions applied to both ends do not affect the strength of the dark sink. Only above 75 mmol l−1 sucrose was the sink effect of the darnened part of the leaf strip reduced. Presumably, increasing the sucrose concentration replenishes the leaf tissue more rapidly, and photosynthates from the illuminated part of the leaf strip are imported to a lesser extent by the dark sink.
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    Development of aleurone and sub-aleurone layers in maize (1977)
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    Planta 137 (1977), S. 185-193 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Aleurone ; Protein bodies ; Spherosomes ; Endosperm ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Electron-microscope studies indicate that the aleurone tissue of maize (Zea mays L.) starts developing approximately 10–15 days after pollination in stocks that take ca. 40 days for the aleurone to mature completely. Development commences when specialized endosperm cells adjacent to the maternal nucellar layer start to differentiate. Differentiation is characterized by the formation of aleurone protein bodies and spherosomes. The protein bodies of the aleurone layer have a vacuolar origin whereas the protein bodies of the immediate underlying endosperm cells appear to develop from protrusions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, two morphologically and developmentally distinct types of protein bodies are present in these adjacent tissues. The spherosomes of the aleurone layer form early in the development of this tissue and increase in number as the tissue matures. During the final stages of maturation, these spherosomes become closely apposed to the aleurone grains and the plasma membrane. No further changes are apparent in the structure of the aleurone cells after 40 days from pollination when the caryopsis begins to desiccate.
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    Short-term effects of plant hormones on membrane potential and membrane permeability of dwarf maize coleoptile cells (Zea mays L. d 1) in comparison with growth responses (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 137 (1977), S. 293-298 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Calcium ions ; Cell growth ; Gibberellin ; Membrane permeability ; Membrane potential ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The membrane potential difference of dwarf maize coleoptile cells is increased by both 10-5moll-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) a few minutes after application. A final level is reached after 10–20 min. The membrane permeability ratio P Na:P K is altered by both hormones during the first 15 min after application, indicating a rapid effect on the membrane. Elongation growth of coleoptile segments, however, is only stimulated by IAA. The auxin-induced growth as well as the auxin effect on membrane permeability depends on the calcium ion concentration of the medium. It is concluded that IAA acts via a proton extrusion pump that is electrically balanced by a potassium ion uptake, driven by the electromotive force of the pump. The mode of action of GA3 on elongation growth is assumed to involve a process that depends on the physiologic state of the tissue and/or metabolic energy.
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    Lateral electrical potential following asymmetric auxin application to maize coleoptiles (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 31-35 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Coleoptiles ; Electrical Potential ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Following asymmetric application of indoleacetic acid to maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles the early time course of changes in lateral electrical potential was externally monitored with static-drop electrodes. First, an early negative potential change of ca.-1 mV was measured at the surface on the side of a strong auxin application. This negative auxin effect ended after ca. 15 min and was followed by a strong and lasting auxin stimulation of a positive lateral potential up to +12 mV at the auxin-treated side. The initial auxin effect appeared to depend on the size of the step-up in auxin concentration.
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    Does indoleacetic acid promote growth via cell wall acidification? (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 137-142 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Cell elongation ; Proton secretion ; Triticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Cappelle Desprez coleoptiles is promoted by 5.7×10−5 M indole acetic acid (IAA) as effectively in pH 3.4 buffer as in water, but IAA is not effective in the presence of buffer at pH 3.0 or 3.2 A combination of 5.7×10−5 M IAA and pH 3.4 buffer promotes growth to a greater extent than pH 3.2 buffer alone, which is optimal for acid-induced growth. IAA employed at 10−7 M is still effective at promoting growth in the presence of pH 3.4 buffer, moreover, IAA at 10−7 M interacts synergistically with the acidic buffer to promote growth. It is concluded that IAA and acid promote growth via separate mechanisms, and that IAA does not promote cell wall loosening by rendering the cell wall more acid.
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    Patterns of proteolytic enzyme activities in different tissues of germinating corn (Zea mays L.) (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 155-162 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Aminopeptidases ; Carboxypeptidases ; Endopeptidases ; Germination (seeds) ; Proteases ; Seedling development ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Profiles of pH dependence and activities of live proteolytic enzymes, amino- and carboxypeptidase and endopeptidases active at pH 3.8, 5.4 and 7.5, with casein as substrate, were determined in crude extracts from the various organs of corn seedlings during germination and early development (30°C, dark, 8 d). With respect to the endopeptidases, caseolytic activities at pH 3.8, 5.4 and 7.5 in extracts from endosperm increased concurrently with loss of endosperm N during germination; however, the relative amounts of the pH 7.5 activity were very small. In scutellum extracts, caseolytic activities at both pH 5.4 and 7.5 increased during the initial stages of development but only the increase at pH 5.4 was concurrent with loss of scutellar N. In shoot extracts, caseolytic activities at pH 5.4 and 7.5 were very low and remained relatively constant. There was a progressive increase in shoot N with time. In root extracts, caseolytic activities at pH 5.4 and 7.5 were higher (3-fold) than in shoot extracts. The activity at pH 5.4 remained constant while the activity at pH 7.5 increased during germination. The rate of accumulation of N by the root was low after day 5. The pattern and ratio but not the amounts of the pH 5.4 and 7.5 caseolytic activities of the root were similar to those observed in senescing leaves of field-grown corn. Addition of mercaptoethanol increased (several-fold) the caseolytic activities at pH 3.8 and 5.4, especially the latter, but not the pH 7.5 activity in endosperm extracts and increased the pH 5.4 activity in extracts from scutellum (30%) and roots (30%) while the effect in shoot extracts was negligible. Carboxypeptidase activity was relatively low in young tissue (root tip, 3-d-old shoots) and increased with development of the various organs except the roots (whole) where the activity remained relatively constant. The increases in carboxypeptidase activities were concurrent with decreases in N from endosperm and scutellum; this result indicates that this enzyme in these tissues may be involved (cooperatively with endopeptidases) in the mobilization of reserve protein. Of all the enzymes tested, only carboxypeptidase activity was markedly (in excess of 50%) inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride. Only aminopeptidase activity was found in appreciable amounts in endosperm and scutellum of dry kernels. Aminopeptidase activity was highest in organs with high metabolic activity (scutella, shoot, root tips) and decreased in plant parts undergoing rapid loss of nitrogen (endosperm, senescing leaves).
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    Lead toxicity effects on indole-3-ylacetic acid-induced cell elongation (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 144 (1978), S. 79-84 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Cell elongation ; Lead ; Triticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In vitro studies of IAA-induced cell elongation in Triticum aestivum have demonstrated that lead causes a large reduction in elongation. Inhibition of elongation can be reduced by increasing the concentration of IAA, or by the addition of calcium. The inhibitory effect appears to be linked with changes in the properties of the cell walls. Experiments are described which show that lead becomes bound strongly to certain chemical substances involved in cell wall architecture.
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    Characterization of ribonucleic acid synthesis by nuclei isolated from Zea mays (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 144 (1978), S. 89-93 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Nuclei ; RNA polymerase ; RNA synthesis (in vitro) ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nuclei were isolated from the shoots of Zea mays and assayed for endogenous RNA polymerase activity in vitro. Maximum incorporation from radioactive precursors (70 pmol [3H]uridine 5′ monophosphate/100 μg DNA) was reached after incubation for 1 h at 25°C. The RNA product, analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was polydisperse in size with an upper limit of 2x106 daltons. Discrete peaks of rRNA were not detected, probably because of endogenous ribonuclease activity. The inclusion of α-amanitin (4 μg/ml) in the incubation reduced the total incorporation by approximately 40% but did not significantly alter the size of the RNA product. Although 40% of the total activity could be attributed to RNA polymerase II, [3H]RNA synthesised in vitro was found not to contain long sequences of poly (A).
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    Effect of growth regulators and role of roots in sex expression in spinach (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 142 (1978), S. 207-210 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Auxin ; Cytokinin ; Flowers (sex) ; Gibberellin ; Sex expression ; Spinacia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When 7-d-old plantlets of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were immersed with their roots for 24 h in 25 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3), or 15 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP), or 15 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), or 10 mg/l abscisic acid (ABA) and subsequently grown on long (18-h) days, the ratio of plants with male and female flowers, which in the controls was almost 1:1 (48 and 52%, respectively), was greatly altered. The treatments with 6-BAP, IAA and ABA raised the percentage of female plants to 88, 76 and 71%, respectively; the GA3 treatment increased the percent of male plants to 79%. When young, vegetative spinach plants (3 visible leaves) grown in 18-h days were cut a the root neck, and the shoots grown with their bases in nutrient solution, with adventitious roots either being allowed to develop or being systematically removed, 85% of the plants without roots became males, 85% of those with roots became females. But if the cut shoots were first, for 28 h, placed in a 15-mg/l 6-BAP solution and then grown in the absence of roots, the percent of female plants was restored to 84. These results fully agree with those obtained previously with hemp, namely, that plant growth regulators exert a regulating effect on the sex expression of dioecious plants when applied through the roots in early stages of development; that the root system plays an important role in determining the sex of these plants, that this role of the roots is associated with the synthesis of cytokinins in them. Dioecious short- and long-day plants do not differ in these respects.
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    Photosynthetic carbon metabolism during leaf ontogeny in Zea mays L.: Enzyme studies (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 142 (1978), S. 269-274 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Carboxylases ; Leaf development ; Photosynthesis (C4) ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The activities of several enzymes, including ribulose-1,5-diphosphate (RuDP) carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) were measured as a function of leaf age in Z. mays. Mature leaf tissue had a RuDP-carboxylase activity of 296.7 μmol CO2 g-1 fresh weight h-1 and a PEP-carboxylase activity of 660.6 μmol CO2 g-1 fresh weight h-1. In young corn leaves the activity of the two enzymes was 11 and 29%, respectively, of the mature leaves. In senescent leaf tissue, RuDP carboxylase activity declined more rapidly than that of any of the other enzymes assayed. On a relative basis the activities of NADP malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40), aspartate (EC 2.6.1.1) and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), and NAD malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) exceeded those of both PEP and RuDP carboxylase in young and senescent leaf tissue. Pulse-chase labeling experiments with mature and senescent leaf tissue show that the predominant C4 acid differs between the two leaf ages. Labeling of alanine in senescent tissue never exceeded 4% of the total 14C remaining during the chase period, while in mature leaf tissue alanine accounted for 20% of the total after 60 s in 12CO2. The activity of RuDP carboxylase during leaf ontogeny in Z. mays parallels the development of the activity of this enzyme in C3 plants.
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    Naturally occuring modifiers of auxin-receptor interaction in corn: Identification as benzoxazolinones (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 142 (1978), S. 103-107 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Benzoxazolinones ; Receptors ; Supernatant factor ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A naturally-occurring material termed ‘supernatant factor’ [Ray, P.R., Dohrmann, U., Hertel, R.: Plant Physiol. 59. 357–364 (1977)], which has the property of modifying the binding affinity of auxins to receptor sites, has been isolated from corn (Zea mays L.) and characterised as a mixture of 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) and 6,7-dimethoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (DMBOA). DMBOA is about 50 times more active than MBOA in inhibiting binding of the auxin 1-naphthylacetic acid to membrane-bound or solubilised receptors. The activity of these compounds and the parent analogue in inhibiting auxin binding is correlated with their ability to inhibit auxin-induced growth.
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    Spectral dependence of the light-induced geotropic response in Zea roots (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 142 (1978), S. 275-279 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Geotropism ; Light and geotropism ; Root geotropism ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The induction by light of geotropic responsiveness in the primary roots of Zea mays L. (cv. Golden Cross Bantam 70) was found to be governed by the “all-or-none law”. The response was induced by light energies above a threshold value, but the maximal curvature of geo-stimulated roots was constand irrespective of the light energy above that threshold. The action spectrum for this light effect showed a large peak at 650, a small peak at 410, and a shoulder at 663 nm. The effect of red light was not reversed by far-red light. Thus, the geotropic response in Zea roots may not be controlled by phytochrome.
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    Fluxes and compartmentation of K+, Na+ and Cl−, and action of auxins in suspension-cultured Petroselinum cells (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 143 (1978), S. 213-223 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Compartmental analysis ; Ion fluxes ; Petroselinum ; Suspension culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transport of 86Rb+/K+, 22Na+, 36Cl−, and [3H]indole acetic acid (IAA) has been studied on suspension-cultured cells of the parsley, Petroselinum crispum (Mill) Nym. By compartmental analysis two intracellular compartments of K+, Na+, and Cl− have been identified and ascribed to the cytoplasm and vacuole; half-times of exchange were around 200 s and 5 h, respectively. According to the Ussing-Teorell flux equation, active transport is required for the influx into the cytoplasm at the plasmalemma (K+, Cl−) and the tonoplast (K+, Na+, Cl−). The plasmalemma permeability pattern, PK:PNa:PCl=1.00:0.24:0.38, features an increased chloride permeability compared with cells from higher plant tissues. IAA uptake showed an exponential timecourse, was half-maximal after 10 min, and a linear function of the IAA concentration from 10−9 to 10−5 M. IAA and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid reduce the apparent influx of K+, Na+, Cl− during the initial 30 min after addition and subsequently accelerate both in- and efflux of these ions. We discuss that auxins could affect the ion fluxes in a complex way, e.g. by protonophorous activity and by control of the hypothetical proton pump.
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    Rapid, localized light effect on root growth in maize (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 144 (1978), S. 109-110 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Growth (roots) ; Light and root growth ; Root cap ; Root growth ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A method using optical microfibers permitted localized exposure of the cap or the elongating part of growing maize (Zea mays L.) roots to white light. When the cap was illuminated, a strong and very rapid inhibition of the elongation rate of the roots was found. When the light microbeam was directed at the elongating region, the roots continued to grow at the same rate as before the illumination.
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    Leaf structure in relation to solute transport and phloem loading in Zea mays L. (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 279-294 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Apoplast ; Companion cell-sieve tube complex ; Leaf structure ; Phloem loading ; Sieve tubes ; Symplast ; Vascular bundle ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Small and intermediate (longitudinal) vascular bundles of the Zea mays leaf are surrounded by chlorenchymatous bundle sheaths and consist of one or two vessels, variable numbers of vascular parenchyma cells, and two or more sieve tubes some of which are associated with companion cells. Sieve tubes not associated with companion cells have relatively thick walls and commonly are in direct contact with the vessels. The thick-walled sieve tubes have abundant cytoplasmic connections with contiguous vascular parenchyma cells; in contrast, connections between vascular parenchyma cells and thin-walled sieve tubes are rare. Connections are abundant, however, between the thin-walled sieve tubes and their companion cells; the latter have few connections with the vascular parenchyma cells. Plasmolytic studies on leaves of plants taken directly from lighted growth chambers gave osmotic potential values of about-18 bars for the companion cells and thin-walled sieve tubes (the companion cell-sieve tube complexes) and about-11 bars for the vascular parenchyma cells. Judging from the distribution of connections between various cell types of the vascular bundles and from the osmotic potential values of those cell types, it appears that sugar is actively accumulated from the apoplast by the companion cell-sieve tube complex, probably across the plasmalemma of the companion cell. The thick-walled sieve tubes, with their close spatial association with the vessels and possession of plasmalemma tubules, may play a role in retrieval of solutes entering the leaf apoplast in the transpiration stream. The transverse veins have chlorenchymatous bundle sheaths and commonly contain a single vessel and sieve tube. Parenchymatic elements may or may not be present. Like the thick-walled sieve tubes of the longitudinal bundles, the sieve tubes of the transverse veins have plasmalemma tubules, indicating that they too may play a role in retrieval of solutes entering the leaf apoplast in the transpiration stream.
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    Ribosome metabolism in hormone-treated Jerusalem artichoke tuber slices in the absence and presence of 5-fluorouracil (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 135 (1977), S. 267-273 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Cytokinin ; 5-Fluorouracil ; Helianthus ; Ribosome synthesis and activity ; Tuber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In order to examine the relation of protein synthesis to the onset of growth, changes in ribosome content and activity were compared in aged, metabolically active Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) slices incubated in water or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid+kinetin. In water, cells do not grow or divide and rRNA and protein levels remain constant. The percentage membrane-bound (mb) ribosomes drops from 25% to 16% during 24h. At the same time the proportion of ribosomes active in protein synthesis in both free and mb populations declines from about 69% to 54%. In auxin+kinetin, cell expansion occurs and is accompanied by a 3-fold increase in rRNA and a 50% increase in total protein content. The percentage mb ribosomes remains at 25% throughout 48 h of growth. During the first 24h of growth 70% of ribosomes in both free and mb populations are active; this value declines to near water levels at 48 h. Considering the large increase in total ribosomes the number of synthetically active ribosomes is substantially increased during growth. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) does not inhibit hormone induced growth but does depress total rRNA content by about one-third. It also reduces [3H]uridine incorporation into ribosomes by 70% and the newly made ribosomes are mostly inactive in protein synthesis. On the other hand, the inhibitor does not significantly affect the proportion of total ribosomes active in protein synthesis and only partially reduces protein accumulation during the second 24 h of growth. It is suggested that while ribosome production is reduced in 5-FU, ribosome turnover is also retarded resulting in retention of near normal capacity for protein synthesis and growth.
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    Meristem differentiation in Riella helicophylla (Bory et Mont.) Mont. under the influence of auxin or antiauxin (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 135 (1977), S. 289-295 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Antiauxin ; Auxin ; Meristem differentiation ; Riella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During the development of the unistratose gemmae of Riella helicophylla, the single intercalary meristem of the very young gemmae is subdivided into two lateral meristems. The duration of the cell reproduction cycle increases from the margin to the median part of the gemmae. This polarization within the meristem disappears after addition of the antiauxin PCIB to the culture medium. PCIB leads to a retardation or blockage of the cell cycle during the light period of the culture. Under the influence of PCIB the amount of starch in the chloroplasts is strikingly increased, probably because of a reduction of starch degradation. Addition of sugars compensates the effect of PCIB on the cell cycle. The effects of PCIB are counteracted by auxin. The results are taken as evidence that auxin plays a role in directing the transport of substances needed for the continuation of the cell reproduction cycle between adjacent cells of the meristem.
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    Tubular extensions of the plasmalemma in leaf cells of Zea mays L. (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 135 (1977), S. 203-205 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Apoplast ; Leaf cells ; Plasmalemma extensions ; Symplast ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Leaf tissues of Zea mays were examined with a transmission electron microscope and a high-voltage electron microscope. Tubular extensions (invaginations) of the plasmalemma were found in vascular parenchyma cells and thick-walled, lateformed sieve elements of intermediate and small veins, and in epidermal, mesophyll, and sheath cells of all leaves examined. No continuity seems to exist between the tubules and other cellular membranes.
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    Embryonal antigens in maize caryopses: The temporal order of antigen accumulation during embryogenesis (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 135 (1977), S. 225-231 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Antigen accumulation ; Embryogenesis ; Globulins ; Proteins ; Seed proteins ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sequential appearance of a specific group of embryonal antigens (EA), presumably globulins, was demonstrated in developing maize (Zea mays L.) caryopses using a double immunodiffusion test with absorption of common antigens. Cross immunoelectrophoresis was employed to follow the differential pattern of EA accumulation in the growing scutellum and embryonic axis. The transient nature of two predominant EA seems to indicate their role as specific protein reserves of embryonal tissues. Another presumably organ-specific EA was maintained in callus obtained from a 28-day-old culture of scutellum isolated from the mature non-germinated caryopsis.
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    The bound auxins: Protection of indole-3-acetic acid from peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 203-208 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin (bound) ; Auxin oxidation ; IAA oxidase ; Peroxidase ; Pisum ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was oxidized by horseradish peroxidase, but ester and amide conjugates of IAA were not degraded. Addition of indoleacetyl-myo-inositol, indoleacetyl-L-aspartate, indoleacetylglycine, indoleacetyl-L-alanine, indoleacetyl-D-alanine, or indoleacetyl-β-alanine did not affect the rate of oxidation of IAA by horseradish peroxidase. Peroxidase preparations from Pisum sativum L. and Zea mays L. behaved similarly in that they rapidly oxidized IAA, but not conjugates found in the plant from which the peroxidase was prepared. These results indicate that conjugation could affect the stability of IAA in vivo.
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    Some quantitative effects of indoleacetic acid on the wood production and tracheid dimensions of Picea (1977)
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    Planta 134 (1977), S. 223-228 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Cambium ; Gibberellin ; Picea ; Tracheids-wood production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The diameter and wall thickness of tracheids produced after indoleacetic acid treatment were not significantly different from those of the intact controls, for the first few weeks after treatment of disbudded shoots of Picea abies Karst. and Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. However, lateral application of indoleacetic acid (IAA) to intact shoots increased both tracheid diameter and wall thickness; it is suggested that IAA acted synergistically with another endogenous growth regulator, which was also removed by disbudding. Increase in wall thickness after exogenous IAA was associated with increase in duration of the wall thickening phase of tracheid differentiation; this is discussed in relation to the seasonal change from early to latewood. Cambial dormancy was induced by disbudding during active wood production. Since this occurred with or without the presence of current leaves, it is concluded that in Picea continued cambial activity depends upon supply of auxin from the buds, and cannot be supplied from expanded leaves or from the internode itself. Neither indoleacetic acid nor gibberellic acid stimulated renewed cambial activity when applied after the cessation of wood production. With both disbudded and intact shoots, the effectiveness of exogenous IAA declined with time, probably due to decreasing penetration through callus developing at the wounded surface. It is suggested that this apparent change in IAA effectiveness may explain some discrepancies between the results of previous observers.
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    Abscisic acid and apical dominance in Phaseolus coccineus L. (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 134 (1977), S. 295-299 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Apical dominance ; Auxin ; Gibberellin ; Hormone transport ; Phaseolus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) in lanolin, applied to the internode of decapitated runner bean plants enhances the outgrowth of lateral buds. The optimum concentration of the paste is 10-5 M. The effect of ABA is counteracted by indoleacetic acid (IAA) but not by gibberellic acid (GA3). There is no effect when ABA is applied to the apical bud or lateral buds of intact plants. However, 13.2 ng given to the lateral buds of decapitated plants stimulate their growth, whereas higher concentrations are inhibitory. Consequently, ABA enhances growth of lateral buds directly, but only when apical dominance is already weakened. The growth of the decapitated 2nd internode was not affected by ABA. Radioactivity from [2-14C] ABA, applied to nonelongating 2nd internode stumps of decapitated runner bean plants moves to the lateral buds, whereas [1-14C]IAA-and [3H]GA1-translocation is much weaker. ABA transport is inhibited if IAA or [3H]GA1 is applied simultaneously. In elongating internodes [14C]ABA is almost completely immobile. [14C]IAA-and [3H]GA1-translocation is not affected by ABA. The amount of radioactivity from labelled ABA, translocated to the lateral buds, is highest during the early stages of bud outgrowth.
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    Development of maize caryopses resulting from in-vitro pollination (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 134 (1977), S. 91-93 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Embryo development in vitro ; Fertilization in vitro ; In vitro pollination ; Pollination in vitro ; Seeddevelopment in vitro ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Intact maize (Zea mays L.) ovaries were excised from unpollinated ears (pistillate inflorescences of field-grown plants and placed on defined, agar-based media in Petri dishes. Application of pollen to the end of silks (styles) positioned outside the Petri dish resulted in fertilization of 46% of the ovaries. The extent of subsequent kernel (caryopsis) development varied. After 40 days some kernels had only embryo development while others had embryo and variable endosperm development. About 5% of the initial ovaries developed into normal kernels; 60% of the kernels with some endosperm germinated under laboratory conditions, and 70% of the embryos excised from the embryo-only kernels germinated on culture media.
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    Oxygen inhibition of photosynthesis (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 1-6 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Leaf temperature ; Oxygen (photosynthesis) ; Photosynthesis ; Temperature (photosynthesis) ; Triticum ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of leaf temperature, O2 and calculated O2/CO2 solubility ratio in the leaf on the quantum yield of photosynthesis was studied for the C4 species, Zea mays L., and the C3 species, Triticum aestivum L. Over a range of leaf temperatures of 16 to 35° C, the quantum yield of Z. mays was relatively constant and was similar under 1.5 and 21% O2, being ca. 0.059 mol CO2 mol-1 quanta absorbed. Under 1.5% O2 and atmospheric levels of CO2, the quantum yield of T. aestivum was relatively constant (0.083 mol CO2 mol-1 quanta absorbed) at leaf temperatures from 15 to 35° C. Atmospheric levels of O2 (21%) reduced the quantum yield of photosynthesis in T. aestivum and as leaf temperature increased, the quantum yield decreased from 0.062 at 15°C to 0.046 mol CO2 mol-1 quanta absorbed at 35°C. Increasing temperature decreases the solubility of CO2 relatively more than the solubility of O2, resulting in an increased solubility ratio of O2/CO2. Experimentally manipulating the atmospheric levels of O2 or CO2 to maintain a near-constant solubility ratio of O2/CO2 at varying leaf temperatures largely prevented the temperature-dependent decrease in quantum yield in t. aestivum. Thus, the decrease in quantum yield with increasing leaf temperature in C3 species may be largely caused by a temperaturedependent change in the solubility ratio of O2/CO2.
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    Rapid differentiation of tracheary elements in cultured explants of Jerusalem artichoke (1977)
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    Planta 135 (1977), S. 207-212 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Cytokinin ; Explants ; Helianthus ; Tuber (explants) ; Xylem differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract the culture of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuber explants on filter paper discs moistened with liquid medium resulted in rapid and consistent xylem differentiation. The number of tracheary elements increased in discrete steps, the first at 48 h with a second at 56–58 h, following partially synchronous mitoses at 20 and 30 h. Factors favouring xylem cell differentiation were optimum levels of both an auxin and a cytokinin, low medium nitrogen concentrations, small volumes of medium, and high culture temperatures. A cell counting method employing Feulgen-stained nuclei and suitable for quantifyings small numbers of immature tracheary elements is described.
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    Distribution and structure of the plasmodesmata in mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells of Zea mays L. (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 136 (1977), S. 77-89 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Apoplast ; Bundle sheath ; Mesophyll ; Plasmodesmata ; Suberin lamella ; Symplast ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In leaf blades of Zea mays L. plasmodesmata between mesophyll cells are aggregated in numerous thickened portions of the walls. The plasmodesmata are unbranched and all are characterized by the presence of electron-dense structures, called sphincters by us, near both ends of the plasmodesmatal canal. The sphincters surround the desmotubule and occlude the cytoplasmic annulus where they occur. Plasmodesmata between mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells are aggregated in primary pit-fields and are constricted by a wide suberin lamella on the sheath-cell side of the wall. Each plasmodesma contains a sphincter on the mesophyll-cell side of the wall. The outer tangential and radial walls of the sheath cells exhibit a continuous suberin lamella. However, on the inner tangential wall only the sites of plasmodesmatal aggregates are consistently suberized. Apparently the movement of photosynthetic intermediates between mesophyll and sheath cells is restricted largely or entirely to the plasmodesmata (symplastic pathway) and transpirational water movement to the cell walls (apoplastic pathway).
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    Rapid auxin- and fusicoccin-enhanced Rb+ uptake and malate synthesis in Avena coleoptile sections (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 35-41 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Avena ; Cell elongation ; Ion uptake ; Malate synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The short-term effects of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) and fusicoccin (FC) on Rb+ uptake and malate accumulation in Avena sativa L. coleoptile sections have been investigated. FC stimulates 86Rb+ uptake within 1 min while auxin-enhanced uptake begins after a 15–20-min lag period. Auxin has little or no effect on 86Rb+ uptake at external pHs of 6.0 or less, but substantial auxin effects can be observed in the range of pH 6.5 to 7.5. Competition studies indicate that the uptake mechanism is specific for Rb+ and K+. After 3 h of auxin treatment the total amount of malate in the coleoptile sections is doubled compared to control sections. FC causes a doubling of malate levels within 60 min of treatment. Auxin-induced malate accumulation exhibits a sensitivity to inhibitors and pH which is similar to that observed for the H+-extrusion and Rb+-uptake responses. Both auxin- and FC-enhanced malate accumulation are stimulated by monovalent cations but this effect is not specific for K+.
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    Effects of fusicoccin on the activity of a key pH-stat enzyme, PEP-carboxylase (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 43-45 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Cell elongation ; Fusicoccin ; Malate synthesis ; PEP carboxylase ; pH stat ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phytotoxin fusicoccin (FC) causes rapid synthesis of malate in coleoptile tissues, presumably via phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase coupled with malate dehydrogenase. The possibility that FC directly affects PEP carboxylase in Avena sativa L. and Zea mays L. coleoptiles was studied and rejected. The activity of this enzyme is unaffected by FC whether FC is added in vitro or a pretreatment to the live material. FC does not change the sensitivity of the enzyme to bicarbonate or malate. The activity of FC, instead, appears to be indirect. The pH sensitivity of PEP carboxylase is such that its activity, and thus the rate of malate synthesis, may be enhanced by an increase in cytoplasmic pH accompanying FC-induced H+ excretion. Since the enzyme is also particularily sensitive to bicarbonate levels, malate synthesis may also be enhanced by FC-induced uptake or generation of CO2.
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    Relationship between stomatal conductance and light intensity in leaves of Zea mays L., derived from experiments using the mesophyll as shade (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 73-77 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abaxial ; Adaxial ; Carbon dioxide ; Light (blue) ; Stomatal conductance ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Attached leaves of Zea mays were illuminated with monochromatic light, with either the upper or the lower epidermis facing the light source. The mesophyll absorbed between 99.5 and 99.6% of the red or blue light used. An inversion of the light direction therefore caused a 200- to 250-fold change in the quantum flux into each epidermis. This variation in quantum flux did not affect stomatal conductance. Stomatal conductance was however correlated with intercellular CO2 concentration, ci, and the relationship between stomatal conductance and ci appeared also to remain the same if changes in ci were brought about by changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration instead of light. A close inspection of the data showed that stomata of the upper (adaxial) epidermis exhibited a small increase in conductance (〈0.1 cm s-1) in response to blue light that was superimposed on the dominating response to ci.
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    Identification and measurement of indoleacetic and abscisic acids in the cambial region of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 133-138 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Auxin ; Cambium ; Picea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) in fractions obtained by diffusion and extraction from bark peelings of Sitka spruce. A procedure is described for the quantitative analysis of IAA and ABA levels in the same extract using the GCMS technique of single-ion current monitoring. This procedure was used to measure the diffusible, free, and bound fractions of IAA and ABA in the cambial region of Sitka spruce throughout one year; the range in concentration for these fractions was 0.06–0.30, 0.46–3.85, and 0.04–0.20 μg/g oven-dry weight, respectively, for IAA, and 0–0.08, 0.03–2.21, and 0.13–0.66 μg/g oven-dry weight, respectively, for ABA. Movement in the cambial region was found to be polar for endogenous IAA and nonpolar for endogenous ABA. Recoveries of [14C]IAA internal standards showed that 73–99.5% of the IAA was lost during purification, and that there could be up to 5-fold differences in recovery between purifications, indicating that IAA loss shold be measured in quantitative analyses.
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    Rapid-growth responses of corn root segments: Effect of auxin on elongation (1977)
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    Planta 135 (1977), S. 1-5 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Cell elongation ; Elongation ; Root growth ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on the elongation rates of 2 mm corn (Zea mays L.) root segments induced by citrate-phosphate buffer (or unbuffered) solutions of pH 4.0 and 7.0 was studied. At pH 7.0, auxin initially reduced the elongation rate in both buffered and unbuffered solutions. Only in buffer at pH 7.0 was auxin at a concentration of 0.1 μM found to promote the elongation rate though briefly. THis promoted rate represented only ca. 20% of the rate achieved with only buffer at pH 4.0. Auxin in pH 4.0 buffered and unbuffered solutions only served to reduce the elongation rates of root segments. Some comparative experiments were done using 2 mm corn coleoptile segments. Auxin (pH 6.8) promoted the elongation rate of coleoptile segments to a level equal or greater than the maximal H ion-induced rate. The two responses of root segments to auxin are compared to auxin action in coleoptile growth.
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    Inhibition of oxygen release by anoxia in a C3-plant (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38). Comparison with C4-plants (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 135 (1977), S. 39-43 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis inhibition ; C3/C3 plants ; Nicotiana ; Oxygen-release ; Photosynthesis ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum var. Wisconsin 38) submitted to anaerobic conditions behave in a manner similar to that of maize, sugarcane, or sorghum leaves (C4-plants); more precisely, a lag time in O2 release is exhibited when the leaves are exposed to light after treatment in the dark under pure nitrogen. Although the conditions for the appearance of this phenomenon in tobacco are somewhat different, the main features are identical to those observed with maize: abolition of the lag time upon immediate exposure to light, release of CO2 under light (illumination burst of CO2), photochemical nature of the reactions involved in the abolition of the lag time, activation of oxygen release by far-red light, and the antagonistic effect of red and far-red light on the lag time. The high CO2 compensation point of tobacco leaves permits the classification of this plant among the C3 group. A comparison of these experimental results with others from the literature suggests than the distinguishing features between C3- and C4-plants are not as sharp as generally thought.
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    Direct pollination of Zea mays ovules in vitro with Z. mays, Z. mexicana and Sorghum bicolor pollen (1978)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 53 (1978), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Direct ovule pollination in vitro ; Embryo and endosperm development in vitro ; Hyperplastic nucellar growth ; In vitro pollination ; Sorghum ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) pollen tubes penetrated and grew in corn (Zea mays) styles. The limited length of the sorghum pollen tubes (3–5 mm) and the absence of stigmatic hairs on the basal (5–10 mm) section of the corn styles prevented effective pollination in vivo and in vitro. Normal fertilisation occurred after in vitro pollination of exposed corn ovules with either corn or teosinte (Zea mexicana) pollen. Six per cent of corn ovules pollinated directly with sorghum pollen responded by rapid, massive growth of nucellar tissue.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273135
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    Autoradiographic studies of 3H-dexamethasone uptake by immunocytochemically characterized cells of the rat pituitary (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 347-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Dexamethasone ; ACTH ; Autoradiography ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 3H-Dexamethasone (10 μg/kg) was injected intravenously in adrenalectomized rats and after survival times of 5, 30, 60, and 180 min its uptake within the pituitary was studied by autoradiography. Radioactivity was concentrated in cell nuclei in the pars nervosa and pars distalis. Within the pars intermedia, only cells of the marginal zone were labeled. In the pars distalis, some cells showed a weak nuclear accumulation of radioactivity as early as 5 min after injection. The tissue radioactivity was nearly maximal at 5 min, and the proportion of radioactivity in nuclei reached a maximum of 60–70% by 30 min. In competition experiments, non-radioactive steroids (1 mg/kg) were injected 5 min before 3H-dexamethasone and sacrifice was 30 min later. Dexamethasone markedly diminished the nuclear accumulation in the pars distalis, but corticosterone and progesterone did not. In the pars nervosa, corticosterone and progesterone competed for nuclear uptake of 3H-dexamethasone, although less effectively than dexamethasone itself. Different cell types in the pars distalis were characterized by treating autoradiograms with an immuno-peroxidase bridge procedure. Cells treated with anti-ACTH 17–39 had the greatest nuclear concentration of radioactivity, and those stained with anti-TSH were least heavily labeled. Cells treated with antisera to GH, PRL, and hCG were moderately labeled.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219770
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    Isolation, characterization and localization of bovine adrenal medullary myosin (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 17-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myosin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Adrenal medulla ; Exocytosis ; Secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Myosin was isolated in high purity from the bovine adrenal medulla by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The purified myosin was analyzed by electrophoresis in gels containing SDS and found to contain a 200,000 molecular weight heavy chain and major light chains of molecular weights 20,000 and 17,000 in a 1∶1∶1 molar ratio. At high ionic strength the myosin had high Ca-ATPase and K-EDTA-ATPase activities and low Mg-ATPase activity. At low ionic strength, the Mg-ATPase was activated to a low level by rabbit muscle actin. The myosin was found to decorate F-actin in the absence, but not the presence of ATP. In low ionic strength solutions, the myosin assembled into characteristic bipolar filaments. The distribution of this myosin in the adrenal medulla and of cross-reacting myosin in several other bovine tissues was determined with the use of antimedullary myosin immunoglobulin G as a specific stain that was detected by direct and indirect immunofluorescence. In the medulla strong staining was seen between the chords of chromaffin cells indicating the presence of a highly muscular vasculature that may perform functions analogous to those of the myoepithelium of exocrine glands. The chromaffin cells showed weak positive staining around the nuclei and in a pattern radiating toward adjacent blood vessels. Cells of the inner zone of the adrenal cortex showed strong staining in the peripheral cytoplasm while cells in the intermediate and outer zones did not stain. In a blood smear, platelets and the cytoplasm of leukocytes stained strongly while erythrocytes did not stain. In striated muscle and the gray and white matter of the cerebrum only the capillaries and larger vessels stained. In the liver the phagocytic cells bordering vascular sinuses stained strongly while the hepatocytes were separated from one another by a 2 micron trilaminar band possibly representing the microfilament web surrounding the bile canaliculi and associated with junctional complexes. The results suggest that myosin is present in several highly differentiated, non-motile tissue cells where it may play a role in secretion or other specialized functions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232821
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    Quantitative dünnschicht-chromatographische Bestimmung von aromatischen Aminen nach der Remissionsmethode (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 381-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Aminen, aromat. ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Remissionsmessung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung von aromatischen Aminen beschrieben. Diese werden dünnschicht-chromatographisch auf Kieselgel 60 F254 Fertigplatten in den Laufmitteln n-Propanol/Methanol/Wasser/Eisessig (65∶15∶15∶20; Vol.) oder n-Butanol/Wasser/Eisessig (66∶17∶17; Vol.) von den Begleitstoffen abgetrennt. Die getrennten Aminflecke werden entweder im Ultraviolett-Bereich oder nach Diazotierung im sichtbaren Bereich mit dem Chromatogramm-Spektralphotometer PMQ II nach der Remissionsmethode gemessen und anhand der auf derselben Platte aufgestellten Eichgerade ausgewertet. Die quantitative Bestimmung wird anhand der beiden Amine 5-Amino-2,4,6-trijod-isophthalsäurebis-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl-N-methylamid) (I) und 2,4,6-Trijod-3-aminobenzoesäure (II) in Röntgenkontrastmittelpräparaten (RKP) demonstriert. Sowohl im UV- als auch im sichtbaren Bereich, läßt sich in 3000 μg RK-Säure (RKS) noch 0,1 μg freies aromatisches Amin, das sind 0,003%, bezogen auf die eingesetzte Menge RKS, mit einer maximalen relativen Standardabweichung von 4% bestimmen. Diese Methode ist spezifischer und empfindlicher als die der Diazotierung in Lösung.
    Notes: Summary The aromatic amines are separated from impurities by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel 60 F254 precoated plates in the mobile solvents n-propanol/methanol/water/glacial acetic acid (65∶15∶15∶20; vol.) or n-butanol/water/glacial acetic acid (66∶17∶17; vol.). The separated amine spots are measured by the remission method by means of the TLC densitometer PMQ II, either in the u.v. region or, after diazotization, in the visible region, and evaluated on the basis of the linear calibration curve set up on the same plate. Quantitative determination is demonstrated by means of the two amines, 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid-bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl-N-methylamide) (I) and 2,4,6-triiodo-3-aminobenzoic acid (II), in radiopaque contrast media (RCM). Both in the u.v. and visible regions, it is still possible to determine 0.1 μg of free aromatic amine in 3000 μg of radiopaque contrast medium acid (RCA), or 0.003% in terms of the amount of RCA used, with a maximum relative standard deviation of 4%. This method is more specific and more sensitive than that of diazotization in solution.
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    Analyse von Desodorantien in kosmetischen Präparaten (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 135-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Desodorantien, Phenolderivaten in Kosmetika ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Phenolische Desodorantien in kosmetischen Präparaten lassen sich durch Umsetzung mit Echtrotsalz Al (Anthrachinondiazonium-chlorid-1) in wäßrig-alkalischer Lösung, Extraktion des gebildeten Azofarbstoffes mit einem organischen Lösungsmittel und anschließender Dünnschicht-Chromatographie schnell identifizieren. In den meisten Fällen ist die Abhängigkeit zwischen der Extinktion der Farbstofflösung und der eingesetzten Menge des betreffenden Desodorants linear, wodurch dann auch quantitative Bestimmungen möglich sind.
    Notes: Summary Phenolic compounds, used as deodorants in cosmetic products can be identified quickly by reaction with anthraquinonediazonium chloride-1 (Echtrotsalz Al) in aqueous alkaline medium, extraction of the azo dye with an organic solvent and separation by thinlayer chromatography. The relation between the absorbance of the coloured solution and the concentration of the deodorant concerned is generally linear; in these cases quantitative determinations are always possible.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00486992
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    Trennung und Nachweis von N-Heterocyclen auf CuSO4-imprägnierten Schichten (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 291 (1978), S. 366-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von N-Heterocycl. Verbindungen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; CuSO4-imprägnierte Schichten, Fluorescenz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch die charakteristischen Fluorescenzfarben und die Fluorescenz-Thermochromie der CuJ-Komplexe lassen sich N-Heterocyclen auf Chromatogrammen meist einwandfrei identifizieren. Eine wesentliche Vereinfachung wird durch die Verwendung CuSO4-imprägnierter Kieselgelschichten erreicht. Die Nachweisempfindlichkeiten insbesondere bei tiefer Temperatur ändern sich im Vergleich zur ursprünglichen Technik kaum.
    Notes: Summary N-Heterocycles can usually be identified with certainty through the characteristic fluorescence colours and fluorescence-thermochromism of the CuI-complexes. The use of CuSO4-impregnated silica gel layers facilitates the procedure considerably, and scarcely reduces the sensitivity of detection, particularly at low temperature.
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    TLC separation of some inorganic ions on p-toluidine impregnated layers (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 415-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Anorgan. Ionen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; mit p-Toluidin imprägnierte Schichten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00481570
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    Localization of thyrotropin (TSH) in the dog pituitary gland (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 399-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Dog ; Pars distalis ; Thyrotropin (TSH) ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the immunoperoxidase technique and antisera to the specific beta (β) subunits of bovine and rat TSH1, selective immunocytochemical staining was localized in a specific cell population in the pars distalis of the dog pituitary gland. These TSH cells were found to be positive to aldehyde fuchsin, alcian blue, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and aniline blue. With the performic acidalcian blue (pH 0.2) -PAS-orange G procedure these cells stained blue-purple, demonstrating FSH/LH cells (blue or turquoise), ACTH/MSH cells (redpurple) and PRL cells (orange-red). The TSH cells were further differentiated from other functional cell types of the pars distalis on the basis of their typical cytological features, intraglandular distribution and by immunocytochemical double staining. In the pars distalis of adult male dogs the TSH cells were mostly shown to be smaller in size and less numerous than in bitches in the anestrous phase of the sexual cycle. Moreover, cytological alterations in the immunoreactive thyrotrophs in the pituitary of male and female dogs generally paralleled the spontaneous changes in thyroid function associated with thyroid atrophy and/or pituitary insufficiency, and thyroid hyperplasia or goiter. In conclusion, because of their specificity and high potency, the antisera to the β-subunits of bovine and rat TSH represent an effective tool for the selective immunocytochemical localization of TSH in the dog pituitary. This allows the study of the morphology and function of TSH cells under different physiological, pathological and experimental conditions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224930
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    Immunocytochemical identification of an LHRH-producing system originating in the preoptic nucleus of the duck (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LHRH-neurosecretion ; Avian hypothalamus ; Vasotocin neurosecretion ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A fluorescent technique applying specific LHRH and vasotocin antisera was used for the immunocytochemical localization of the respective neurosecretory systems in the hypothalamus of gonadectomized, testosteronetreated and/or serotonin injected male domestic ducks. An immunoreactive (IR) LHRH-producing system, with perikarya located in the preoptic nucleus, could be traced through the ventral hypothalamus down to the external layer of the rostral and caudal ME, in close vicinity to the hypophysial portal system. An IR-vasotocin system originating in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei ran through the ventral hypothalamus, but terminated in (i) the external layer of the rostral ME, and (ii) in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220517
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    Immunocytochemical study of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 119-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurophysin ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Sheep ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An antiserum cross-reactive against ovine neurophysins-I-II and -III has been used in conjunction with the immunoperoxidase histochemical procedure to localize the cells of the sheep paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON). In order to describe the topographical distribution of the SON and PVN a study was made on the serial sections cut (a) transversely from rostral to caudal positions and (b) sagittally from lateral to medial positions of the hypothalamus. The cells of the SON, when examined in the transverse aspect, extended approximately 1900 μ caudally and when examined in the sagittal plane were contained within a lateral-medial distance of 4830 μ. In each case the SON cells lay adjacent to the optic chiasm. As sections were cut transversely, the cells of the PVN first appeared in a rostral position defined as 0 μ and close to the ventral lining of the third ventricle. This general ventral and ventro-lateral distribution of cells maintained up to a caudal distance of approximately 840 μ. From positions 1260–2310 μ there was a dramatic dorsal shift of the PVN cells which by this time had also extended laterally. The total rostral-caudal distance occupied by the PVN cells was 3150 μ. That the lateral-medial distance occupied by the PVN was small (1050 μ) was determined on examining the magnocellular nuclei in sagittal section.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220519
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    Immunocytological evidence for oxytocin neurons in the human fetal hypothalamus (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 259-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Human fetus ; Oxytocin ; Neurophysin ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The use of antibodies against oxytocin or neurophysin enabled the detection by immunocytochemistry of oxytocin-neurophysin neurons in the hypothalamus in the human fetus. The perikarya of these neurons are located in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Immunoreactive neurons occur in the median eminence. The neurophysin immunoreactive neurons were more numerous than the oxytocin immunoreactive neurons. The specificity of the immunocytological reaction was controlled. The first oxytocin-neurophysin neurons are seen as early as the 14th week of gestation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222635
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    Distribution, ontogeny and ultrastructure of somatostatin immunoreactive cells in the pancreas and gut (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 185 (1977), S. 465-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin cells ; Pancreas ; Gut ; Immunocytochemistry ; Comparative study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Somatostatin cells are numerous in the pancreas and digestive tract of mammals as well as birds. In the pancreas of chicken, cat and dog they occur in both the exocrine parenchyma and in the islets. In the rat and rabbit, somatostatin cells have a peripheral location in the islets, whereas in the cat, dog and man the cells are usually more randomly distributed. In the stomach of rabbits and pigs, somatostatin cells are more numerous in the oxyntic gland area than in the pyloric gland area, whereas the reverse is true for the cat, dog and man. In the cat, pig and man, somatostatin cells are fairly numerous in the duodenum, whereas in the rat, rabbit and dog they are few in this location. In the remainder of the intestines somatostatin cells are few but regularly observed. Somatostatin cells are numerous in the human fetal pancreas and gut. In the fetal rat, somatostatin cells first appear in the pancreas and duodenum (at about the 16–17th day of gestation) and subsequently in the remainder of the intestine. Somatostatin cells do not appear in the gastric mucosa until after birth. Three weeks after birth, somatostatin cells show the adult frequency of occurrence and pattern of distribution. In the chicken, somatostatin cells are numerous in the proventriculus, absent from the gizzard, abundant in the gizzard-duodenal junction (antrum), infrequent in the duodenum and virtually absent from the remainder of the intestines. No immunoreactive cells can be observed in the thyroid of any species nor in the ultimobranchial gland of the chicken. In the chick embryo, somatostatin cells are first detected in the pancreas and proventriculus (at about the 12th day of incubation). They appear in the remainder of the gut much later, in the duodenum at the 16th day, in the antrum at about the 19th day and still later in the lower small intestine. The ultrastructure of the somatostatin cells was studied in the chicken, rat, cat and man; the cells were identified by the consecutive semithin/ultrathin section technique. The somatostatin cells display the properties of the D cell. There was no difference in granule ultrastructure between somatostatin cells in the gut and the pancreas. The granules, which are the storage site of the peptide, are round, supplied with a tightly fitting membrane and have a moderately electron-dense, fine-granulated core. The mean diameter of the somatostatin granules is smallest in rat (155–170 nm) and largest in the chicken (270–290 nm).
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of calcitonin-containing c-cells in the thyroid glands of different mammals (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 551-558 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: C-cells ; Thyroid gland ; Immunocytochemistry ; Calcitonin antibody ; Mammals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the thyroid glands of the horse, pig, deer, mole, and rat, C-cells could be demonstrated by means of the immunocytochemical PAP-technique using rabbit antisera against human calcitonin. Only in ruminants, the crossreaction between the intracellularly stored antigen and the antibodies used appeared to be incomplete.
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of the hypothalamo-hypophysial vasotocinergic system of Lampetra fluviatilis (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 317-323 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Lamprey ; Vasotocinergic system ; Adenohypophysis ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary With the use of the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique at the light microscopic level, it was shown that the preoptico-hypophysial neurosecretory system of the adult migrating Lampetra fluviatilis is a vasotocinergic system. It does not synthesize vasopressin. The results are entirely consistent with earlier chromatographic and pharmacological indications that it produces little or no oxytocin-like peptide hormone. In the adenohypophysis, immunoreactive neurohypophysial peptidergic fibres are absent.
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    Electron microscopic immunocytochemical demonstration of separate mesotocinergic and vasotocinergic nerve fibres in the pars intermedia of the amphibian hypophysis (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pars intermedia of hypophysis ; Rana temporaria ; Mesotocinergic and vasotocinergic fibres ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary With the use of the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method at the electron microscopic level, it has been shown that the pars intermedia of the hypophysis of Rana temporaria contains a diffuse intercellular network of separate mesotocinergic and vasotocinergic nerve fibres.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219045
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    Morphological equivalent of the bifunctional role of somatostatin (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 211-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin (rat) ; Hypothalamus ; Fibers and perikarya ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the immunoenzyme bridge-technique at the light and electron microscopic levels, somatostatin can be demonstrated in the perikarya of the anterior periventricular nucleus, in the median eminence and in the parvocellular hypothalamic nuclei of the rat. In the latter regions the perikarya are negative, whereas a positive reaction for somatostatin is found in a delicate network of fibers and middle-sized granules of very small axons. In light of these results, the double function of somatostatin — as release inhibiting hormone and as transmitter — is discussed. The positive staining reaction in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis of male and female rats as well as in the subfornical organ, the nucleus dorsalis thalami and the nucleus medialis habenulae in female controls and pregnant rats is not due to somatostatin-containing structures, but partly to substance P and partly to a substance which could not be defined.
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    The origin of the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic fibres of the external region of the median eminence of the rat hypophysis (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 180 (1977), S. 443-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: External region of median eminence (Rat) ; Vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic fibres ; Hypothalamic lesions ; Adrenalectomy ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The origin of the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic nerve fibres of the external region of the rat median eminence was investigated by means of hypothalamic lesions, adrenalectomy and immunocytochemistry. The results obtained in bilaterally adrenalectomized animals with complete, or incomplete, destruction of the suprachiasmatic nuclei showed that, at least, the great majority of the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic nerve fibres of the external region of the rat median eminence do not originate from the suprachiasmatic nuclei. From the observations obtained in bilaterally adrenalectomized animals with total or subtotal destruction of both paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, it appears that the paraventricular nuclei must be the origin of (nearly) all the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic nerve fibres of the external region of the rat median eminence. The results strongly suggest that both types of fibres originate from all parts of the paraventricular nuclei.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220167
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    Immunocytochemical study of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 180 (1977), S. 491-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pig ; Oxytocin ; [8-Lysine]-Vasopressin ; Specific localization ; Immunocytochemistry ; One hormone, One Neurophysin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synthetic oxytocin and [8-arginine]-vasopressin conjugated to bovine thyroglobulin were used to induce specific antibodies in rabbits. The specificity of the anti-oxytocin serum, and the suitability of the anti-[8arginine]-vasopressin serum for the detection of [8-lysine]-vasopressin, was evaluated by immunofluorescent studies of the respective hormones bound to Sepharose 4B particles. Oxytocin and [8-lysine]-vasopressin were specifically localized in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of the pig hypothalamus using the immunoperoxidase staining technique. After an examination of serial transverse and sagittal sections stained for either of the hormones we observed that: 1. In the rostral SON, oxytocin and vasopressin containing neurons were uniformly distributed; 2. In the caudal SON, most of the neurons contained oxytocin, but there were still a few ‘vasopressin’ neurons; 3. In the rostral PVN, the two hormones were evenly spread in neurons close to the third ventricle; 4. In the caudal PVN, the oxytocin and vasopressin containing neurons were differentially distributed, with ‘oxytocin’ neurons adjacent to the third ventricle, and ‘vasopressin’ neurons lateral to these and concentrated in the dorso-caudal PVN. In the cells of the PVN, there was evidence that the distribution of oxytocin and vasopressin is similar to the distribution of porcine neurophysin-II and porcine neurophysin-I respectively. This similarity is consistent with the one hormone — one neurophysin concept in the pig.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220170
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    Immunocytochemical localization of the vasopressinergic and the oxytocinergic neurons in the human hypothalamus (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 184 (1977), S. 15-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human hypothalamus ; Magnocellular neurosecretory nuclei ; Suprachiasmatic nuclei ; Vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The human hypothalamic-neurohypophysial hormone-producing nuclei were investigated with the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) technique at the light microscopic level. The size, shape and location of the supraoptic, paraventricular, accesssory supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei were determined. It was demonstrated in the human hypothalamus, as well as in the hypothalamus of other mammals, that vasopressin and oxytocin are synthesized in separate neurons. In each of the nuclei of the magnocellular neurosecretory system, the distribution, ratios and structural features of the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons were determined. It was shown that the human suprachiasmatic nuclei contain numerous neurophysin-vasopressin-producing neurons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220524
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  • 79
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    Immunohistochemical localization of neurotensin in endocrine cells of the gut (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endocrine cells ; Gut ; Neurotensin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Comparative studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Endocrine cells displaying neurotensin immunoreactivity are found scattered in the jejuno-ileum of all mammals studied, including man. They are rather scarce in rat, guinea pig, rabbit and pig and fairly numerous in cat, dog and man. In most mammals the neurotensin cells predominate on the villi. Only in the dog are they more numerous in the crypts. In the chicken, neurotensin cells occur all along the intestinal tract. They are particularly numerous in the zone that joins the gizzard with the duodenum. The ontogeny of the neurotensin cells in the gut was studied in rats and chickens. In the rat, the cells are first observed in the jejuno-ileum immediately before birth. The adult frequency is reached 4–5 days later. In the chicken, neurotensin cells first appear in the colon in the 18 day old embryo and in the small intestine two days later (i.e. one or two days before hatching). A few days after hatching, the gut has achieved the adult number of neurotensin cells per unit area.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218696
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  • 80
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    Immunohistochemical localization of somatostatin in the human hypothalamus (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 184 (1977), S. 491-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Human hypothalamus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to identify clearly the nervous structures containing somatostatin in the human hypothalamus, an immunohistochemical localization of this neurohormone was performed at light-microscopic level. Using a antiserum specific to somatostatin and the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, we have found somatostatin in neurons with cell bodies in an area in the anterior hypothalamus corresponding to the infundibular nucleus. Somatostatin-containing fibers were also detected in the neurovascular zone of the pituitary stalk, suggesting that somatostatin is released in that region to reach the capillaries in the pituitary portal plexus. A large bundle of somatostatin fibers extending from the anterior part of the paraventricular nucleus up to the posterior portion of the mammillary bodies has also been detected. The role of these fibers still remains to be clarified.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220972
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  • 81
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    Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of thyroglobulin in the thyroid gland of the anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., during its upstream migration (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 187 (1978), S. 473-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid gland ; Immunocytochemistry ; Thyroglobulin ; Petromyzon marinus L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antibodies made against thyroglobulin (TG) were used in an immunocytochemical study for the light and electron microscopic localization of TG in the thyroid gland of the anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, during its upstream migration. TG was found in the follicular lumen and in some colloid droplets within the follicular cells. Except for an immunoreactive product observed in a small portion of the interstitial connective tissue, the location of TG in the lamprey was similar to that in the thyroid of the rat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229611
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  • 82
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    Immunocytochemical study of the neurohypophysial hormone producing system of the lungfish, Protopterus aethiopicus (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 190 (1978), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Dipnoi (Protopterus) ; Neurohypophysial hormones ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) technique at the light microscopic level, it has been shown that, in the dipnoan preoptico-hypophysial neurosecretory system, vasotocin and mesotocin are synthesized in separate neurons. In the preoptic nuclei, the perikarya of these two types of neurosecretory neurons are not located preferentially. The two types of neurosecretory perikarya give rise to separate vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic axons, respectively. The dipnoan median eminence and neural lobe contain separate vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic nerve fibres, the general distribution of which is described. In the pars distalis and the pars intermedia of the hypophysis, neurohypophysial hormone-containing nerve fibres have not been found.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210037
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  • 83
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    Effect of cyproterone acetate, d-norgestrel and progesterone on cells of the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis in the beagle bitch (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 205-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cyproterone acetate ; d-Norgestrel ; Progesterone ; Pars distalis ; adenohypophysis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Dog (Beagle)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of short-term (8 weeks) treatment with different doses of cyproterone acetate (CPA), d-norgestrel (d-N) and progesterone on cells of the pars distalis, as revealed by the immunoperoxidase technique, were studied in cycle-synchronized beagle bitches (first anoestrus). Pituitary glands from non-treated primiparous beagle bitches at the 6th and 9th week of pregnancy were also included. For immunochemical staining specific antisera to the following hormones were used: canine GH, canine PRL, porcine ACTH, bovine TSHβ, bovine LHβ and human FSHβ. Morphological features of high secretory activity in GH cells were evident even after the human oral contraceptive doses of CPA and d-N, and after a dose as low as 0.1 mg/kg/day subcutaneously (s.c.) of progesterone. In contrast, PRL cells did not show any significant treatment-related effects except in those animals which received the highest dose of d-N (0.5 mg/kg/day per os). In this group, as well as in all pregnant bitches, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of PRL cells were found. In the animals treated with the highest doses of CPA (4.0 mg/kg/day per os) and progesterone (42.5 mg/kg/day s.c.) as well as in pregnant bitches, ACTH/MSH and TSH cells showed marked atrophy and regressive changes. Similar morphological signs of depressed secretory activity were also observed in the cells shown to contain FSHβ and/or LHβ as a result of treatment with the highest dose of progesterone and at the 9th week of pregnancy. These structural responses indicate that quantitative and/or qualitative differences may exist between progesterone, the synthetic progesterone derivative CPA and the nortestosterone type progestagen d-N with regard to their effect on pituitary hormone secretion in the beagle bitch.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222420
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  • 84
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    Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies on the cytodifferentiation of duodenal endocrine cells (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 79-102 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Duodenum ; Endocrine cells ; Differentiation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development and cytodifferentiation of endocrine cells that produce the gastrointestinal hormones gastrin, cholecystokinin and secretin have been studied by a combined fluorescence-cytochemical, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural approach. The results show that, during development, several ultrastructurally distinct cell types exhibit COOH-terminal gastrin and cholecystokinin immunoreactivity. Furthermore, some cells simultaneously contain both gastrin- and cholecystokinin-specific antigenic determinants. Studies on the time course of development of gastrin and cholecystokinin cells, together with the above-mentioned data, suggest that gastrin cells may be converted into cholecystokinin cells in development. During this period, gastrin, cholecystokinin and secretin cells store the biogenic monoamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine a feature not displayed by the adult counter-parts of these cells. In the adult duodenum, characteristic enterochromaffin (EC) cells store 5-hydroxytryptamin for which, evidence for a possible hormonal role has been presented. Taken together, our data indicate that the differentiation of duodenal endocrine cells occurs in distinct steps, each involving a restriction in the biosynthetic repertoire of the cell.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209235
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  • 85
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    Distribution, ontogeny and ultrastructure of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells in the pancreas and gut of the chicken (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 377-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Gut ; Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells in the pancreas and gut of chickens were studied by immunocytochemistry. In the pancreas PP cells were numerous and disseminated in the exocrine parenchyma. In this location they were first seen at the 9th day of incubation, i.e. several days after the appearance of glucagon, insulin and somatostatin cells. Very large numbers of these cells occurred from about the 14th day until shortly after hatching when the PP cell frequency was somewhat reduced. At the 17th day of incubation PP cells appeared in the duodenum. Subsequently the number of PP cells in the duodenum increased, and PP cells began to appear also in the jejunum-ileum (19th day) and in the proventriculus and colon (21st day). At hatching and a few days thereafter, PP cells were relatively numerous in the small intestines but much less frequent in the proventriculus and colon. One week after hatching PP cells had disappeared from the colon but remained in the proventriculus and small intestines. Ultrastructurally the PP cell was clearly distinguishable from the insulin, glucagon and somatostatin cells. It was characterized by the presence of spherical cytoplasmic granules which were membrane-bound and moderately electron dense. Areas of firm adhesion between PP cells and acinar cells in the form of desmosomes and possibly also gap junctions were observed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236159
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  • 86
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    Identification by immunofluorescence of prolactin-and somatotropin-producing cells in the pituitary gland of the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum, Shaw) (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 497-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Mexican axolotl ; Prolactin ; Somatotropin ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The indirect immunofluorescence procedure was used to identify prolactin (LTH)-and somatotropin (STH)-producing cells in the pituitary of the Mexican axolotl. Histological staining techniques were employed to corroborate immunocytological results. The LTH cells are large, orange-staining cells (acidophils 1) distributed in the posterior two-thirds of the pars distalis. The STH cells are small, erythrosinophilic elements (acidophils 2) principally concentrated in the dorsal part of the pars distalis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236168
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  • 87
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    Effect of cyproterone acetate on cells of the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis in the Beagle Bitch (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 183 (1977), S. 177-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cyproterone acetate ; Pars distalis ; Adenohypophysis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Dog (Beagle)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of oral administration of 100 mg per kg per day cyproterone acetate (CPA) for four weeks on cells of the pars distalis, as revealed by the immunoperoxidase technique and chemical staining, were studied in the ovariectomized beagle bitch. For immunochemical staining antisera to the following hormones were used: canine GH, canine PRL, porcine ACTH, bovine TSHβ, bovine LHβ and human FSHβ1. The most striking effects of the treatment were an overall increase in the relative proportion of GH cells and a marked morphological indication of high secretory activity in these cells. In contrast, PRL cells were not affected significantly. In all ovariectomized control bitches a marked atrophy of the cells stained for FSHβ (FSH cells) and hypertrophy of the cells shown to contain LHβ(LH cells) were observed. FSH cells became enlarged, while LH cells appeared reduced in size by administration of CPA. In some treated bitches ACTH/MSH cells showed atrophy and regressive changes, whereas TSH cells seemed to become enlarged and were more densely arranged. These structural responses indicate that, in addition to its partial antigonadotropic properties, CPA as a synthetic progesterone derivative may stimulate GH secretion and possibly suppress CRH-ACTH activity in the ovariectomized beagle bitch.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226618
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  • 88
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    Immunocytochemical study of the ontogenesis of the hypothalamic somatostatin-containing neurons in the human fetus (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 183 (1977), S. 319-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Human fetus ; Somatostatin ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical techniques have enabled us to characterize the hypothalamic somatostatin system in the human fetus and to study its ontogenesis. Somatostatin-containing neurons appear as early as the 16th week of fetal life. Their perikarya belong to two distinct cell populations: some of them, of large size, form clusters in the magno-cellular nuclei (S.O.N.-P.V.N.); they seem to be neurophysin-positive. The others, parvo-cellular, lie scattered in ventral periventricular areas; they are neurophysin-negative. Most of the immunoreactive fibers pass through the M.E. and terminate in two distinct territories: on the one hand close to the vessels of the primary portal plexus (these territories being neurophysin-negative) and on the other hand, in the peripheral regions of the neural lobe (these territories being neurophysin-positive). The staining reactions obtained with the anti-somatostatin and anti-neurophysin I.S. suggest the existence of 2 hypothalamic somatostatin systems. The former (neurophysin-negative) which appears to originate from the parvocellular perikarya and which terminates in the M.E., controlling adenohypophyseal cells, the latter (neurophysin-positive) originating from one of the S.O.N. and P.V.N. cell populations appears to terminate in the neural lobe. The existence of the latter system suggested by the results of the present and the preceding studies on other species has yet to be fully established.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220639
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  • 89
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    Localization of gonadotrophic hormones in the dog pituitary gland (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 183 (1977), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Gonadotrophic hormones (FSH, LH) ; Pituitary gland ; Dog (Beagle)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the immunoperoxidase technique and antisera to the specific beta (β) subunits of FSH and LH1, selective immunochemical staining was localized mostly in the same cell type in the pars distalis and pars tuberalis of the dog pituitary gland. However, some cells were consistently shown to react solely with antisera to either LHβ or FSHβ. The cells stained for FSHβ were at least 1.5 times less numerous than those shown to contain LHβ. In the pars distalis of adult male dogs the immunoreactive gonadotrophs varied greatly in their relative proportion and were mostly shown to be much less numerous than in bitches in the anestrus phase of the sexual cycle. These cells were found to be positive to aldehyde fuchsin, alcian blue, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and aniline blue. The performic acid-alcian blue (pH 0.2)-PAS-orange G procedure stained the FSH/LH cells blue or turquoise, demonstrating TSH cells (blue-purple), ACTH/MSH cells (red-purple) and PRL cells (orange-red). The FSH/LH cells were further differentiated from other functional cell types of the pars distalis on the basis of their typical cytological features, intraglandular distribution and by immunochemical double staining. These observations support the concept that the one cell-one hormone theory may not apply to gonadotrophic hormones, although some cells seem to be the source of either FSH or LH.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226617
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  • 90
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    Identification of the LH and TSH-secreting cells in the pituitary gland of the rhesus monkey (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 190 (1978), S. 151-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Rhesus monkey ; Immunocytochemistry ; Luteinizing hormone ; Thyroid stimulating hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pituitary glands from juvenile (pre-pubertal) and adult male and female rhesus monkeys were examined following immunocytochemical staining with antisera to the beta subunits of ovine luteinizing hormone (LHβ) and of human thyroid stimulating hormone (TSHβ). The LHβ antiserum reacts with a cell that is PAS-positive, occurs singly and is randomly distributed throughout the pars distalis. The diameter of these cells is approximately 11.5 μm. They do not seem to vary in number in either juveniles (pre-pubertals) or adults, or in males or females. There appears to be fewer LH cells in the pituitary glands of pregnant and lactating females. In addition to staining cells in the pars distalis, the antiserum also reacts with a population of cells located in the pars tuberalis. The cells that stain with the anti-TSHβ serum are confined primarily to the pars distalis. They are approximately 15.8 μm in diameter and are generally found in groups or clusters located in the anterior and medial regions of the gland. The TSH cells vary in number from one animal to another; however, this variability is unrelated to the age or the sex of the animals. No demonstrable changes occur in the number of TSH cells during pregnancy or lactation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210044
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  • 91
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    Effect of 17β-estradiol on cells stained for FSHβ and/or LHβ in the dog pituitary gland (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 211-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: 17β-estradiol ; Pituitary gland ; Dog (Beagle) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Glycoprotein hormones (FSH, LH, TSH)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of long-term treatment (52 weeks) with high doses of 17β-estradiol (1.28 mg/kg/week intramuscularly) on gonadotrophs was studied in the pituitary gland of the beagle bitch. For immunochemical staining the immunoperoxidase technique and antisera to the specific beta (β) subunits of FSH and LH were employed. For control purposes antisera to the following hormones were also used: bovine TSHβ, canine GH, canine PRL and porcine ACTH1. In the pars distalis and pars tuberalis of control bitches, in addition to the cells which react solely with antisera to either LHβ or FSHβ, most cells were reactive to both antisera. The cells stained for FSHβ were less numerous than those shown to contain LHβ. TSHβ, PRL, GH and ACTH/MSH were localized in distinctly different cell types in the pars distalis of all control animals. In the treated bitches, almost complete regression of cells classically identified as gonadotrophs and stained for LHβ was observed. On the other hand, using the antiserum to FSHβ, selective immunochemical staining was localized in cells fitting the morphological characteristics of TSH cells. All these cells were also stained for TSHβ. However, a few cells were also shown to react solely with the antiserum to TSHβ. These cells, which seem to contain both TSHβ and FSHβ, were further clearly differentiated from PRL, GH and ACTH/MSH cells on the basis of their cytological features, intraglandular distribution and by immunochemical double staining. These observations support the concept that the one cell-one hormone theory may not necessarily apply to the glycoprotein hormones of the dog pituitary gland.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209035
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    Immunocytochemical localisation of prolactin and growth hormone in the ovine pituitary (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 327-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prolactin ; Growth hormone ; Ovine pituitary ; Immunocytochemistry ; Granule size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical staining technique, prolactin and growth hormone cells have been identified and described in the ovine pituitary. The image analysing computer, Quantimet 720, was used to assess accurately the size range of the secretory granules in these cell types. The area size distributions of the prolactin and growth hormone granules are similar. An increased proportion of larger granules was observed in the prolactin cells post-partum. Serial sections stained alternately for prolactin or growth hormone confirmed that the cells contain either prolactin or growth hormone but not both.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220399
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  • 93
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of somatostatin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the domestic mallard (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 183-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin-containing neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Median eminence ; Immunocytochemistry ; Domestic mallard
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the hypothalamus of the adult domestic mallard, small to medium-sized perikarya are stained specifically with rabbit antiserum against cyclic somatostatin (PAP technique of Sternberger). The somatostatin-immunoreactive material is located in neurons different from those containing immunoreactive LHRH, vasotocin or mesotocin. Somatostatin-containing perikarya are observed 1) in a chain-like arrangement extending from the area of the median division of the supraoptic nucleus to the caudal end of the paraventricular nucleus; 2) as single cells in the preoptic region; and 3) as a conspicuous formation in the optic tract division of the supraoptic nucleus. In the rostral portion of the median eminence, somatostatin-immunoreactive axons penetrate into the external zone. Fine accessory fiber bundles project to the neural lobe.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233685
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    Distribution, ontogeny and ultrastructure of the mammalian secretin cell (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 181 (1977), S. 361-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mammalian secretin cell ; Distribution ; Ontogeny ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemically, secretin cells have been demonstrated to occur in the duodenum and jejunum of several mammals. Calculations on the relative frequency of such cells indicate that the bulk of secretin occurs in the jejunum, a fact supporting the view that secretin may be released by physiological stimulants other than hydrochloric acid. Electron microscopical identification of cat and pig secretin cells confirmed their identity with the ultrastructurally defined S cells, and staining experiments revealed that secretin cells were argyrophilic both with the method of Grimelius and with that of Hellerström and Hellman. Secretin cells are detected already in the 17-day old fetal rat duodenum and show a developmental pattern similar to that displayed by the gastrin cells. It is suggested that secretin may play a role in the early regulation of growth of the fetal gastrointestinal tract.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223111
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  • 95
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    Localization of neurophysin in the rat supraoptic nucleus (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 467-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurophysin ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Neurosecretory granules ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Localization of neurophysin in neurons of the supraoptic nucleus was accomplished using an unlabeled-antibody, post-embedding, immunoperoxidase technique. Neurophysin was exclusively associated with neurosecretory granules within cell bodies of supraoptic neurons and their processes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219849
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  • 96
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    β-lipotropin in brain: Localization in hypothalamic neurons by immunoperoxidase technique (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 393-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: β-Lipotropin ; Hypothalamus ; Hypophysial portal capillaries ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary β-Lipotropin (β-LPH) has been localized in hypothalamus and pituitary of sheep and ox by the immunoperoxidase technique. In both species β-LPH was found in perikarya of arcuate neurons as well as in cells of the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary. A large number of immunoreactive axons were found in the arcuate region; some appeared to innervate other neurons and others projected to portal capillaries. Stained fiber segments were also scattered throughout the hypothalamus. The presence of β-LPH in hypothalamic neurons supports the possibility that brain β-LPH may be a precursor for opiate-like or other peptides which may be involved in neuromodulation or neurohormonal activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224929
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  • 97
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    Identification of LSD and ergot alkaloids by thin-layer chromatography (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 283 (1977), S. 32-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von LSD, Ergot-Alkaloiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439765
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Thin-layer chromatography of some ergot alkaloids (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 284 (1977), S. 47-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Ergotalkaloiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464041
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection and determination of dichlorovos (DDVP) in toxicological analysis (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 48-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw., Best. von Dichlorvos in Biolog. Material ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446021
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thin-layer chromatographic separation of some isomeric thiazolylbenzothiazoles (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 255-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Thiazolylbenzothiazolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; isomere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00453575
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