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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (671)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (671)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1976  (671)
Collection
Keywords
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (671)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    Earth observations and photography experiment MA-136 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The primary objectives of the earth observations and photography experiment of the Apollo Soyuz Test Project were to photograph various terrestrial structures and to use the capabilities of man as a trained observer in visually studying earth features and phenomena. Man's special capabilities include the sensitivity of the eye to subtle color variations and the speed with which the eye/brain system can interpret what is seen and select targets for photography. Real time astronaut observations constitute a useful complement to orbital photographs and greatly aid in their interpretation. Targets for mapping and hand held photography were selected on the basis of their value to specialists in the earth sciences including geology, oceanography, desert study, hydrology, meteorology, and environmental science.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo-Soyuz Test Project; 64 p
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  • 2
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    Earth-atmosphere system and surface reflectivities in arid regions from Landsat MSS data (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Previously developed programs for computing atmospheric transmission and scattering of the solar radiation are used to compute the ratios of the earth-atmosphere system (space) directional reflectivities in the nadir direction to the surface Lambertian reflectivity, for the four bands of the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS). These ratios are presented as graphs for two water vapor levels, as a function of the surface reflectivity, for various sun elevation angles. Space directional reflectivities in the vertical direction are reported for selected arid regions in Asia, Africa, and Central America from the spectral radiance levels measured by the Landsat MSS. From these space reflectivities, surface reflectivities are computed applying the pertinent graphs. These surface reflectivities are used to estimate the surface albedo for the entire solar spectrum. The estimated albedos are in the range 0.34-0.52, higher than the values reported by most previous researchers from space measurements, but are consistent with laboratory and in situ measurements.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment; 5; 4, 19; 1976
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  • 3
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    The impact of earth resources exploration from space (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Remote sensing of the earth from satellite systems such as Landsat, Nimbus, and Skylab has demonstrated the potential influence of such observations on a number of major human concerns. These concerns include the management of food, water and fiber resources, the exploration and management of mineral and energy resources, the protection of the environment, the protection of life and property, and improvements in shipping and navigation.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 4
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    Thermographic mosaic of Yellowstone National Park (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: An uncontrolled aerial thermographic mosaic of Yellowstone National Park was assembled from the videotape record of 13 individual thermographs obtained with linescan radiometers. Post mission processing of the videotape record rectified the nadir line to a topographic map base, corrected for v/h variations in adjacent flight lanes, corrected for yaw and pitch distortions, and distortions produced by nonlinearity of the side-wise scan. One of the purposes of the thermographic study was to delineate the areas of thermal emission (hot springs, geysers, etc.) throughout the Park, a study which could have great value in reconnaissance surveys of geothermal areas in remote regions or regions of high relief.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 42; Oct. 197
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  • 5
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    Satellite measurement of mass of Sahara dust in the atmosphere (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Landsat 1 measurements of nadir radiance are used to obtain the mass of particulates in a vertical column of dust from the Sahara Desert. A radiative transfer model, constructed with knowledge of a few values of optical parameters measured from a ship, is developed to account for the measured radiance values. Measurement and model accuracies are discussed. It is found that the mass of particulates with smaller than a 10 micron radius in a vertical column is 1.6 g/sq m.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Applied Optics; 15; Oct. 197
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  • 6
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    Flooding of Monroe County, Michigan - A comparison of three remote sensor data sets (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: During the spring of 1973, three techniques were used to obtain remotely sensed data pertaining to the flooded shoreline of Monroe County, Michigan. Although digitized data from the Earth Resources Technology Satellite were available on magnetic tapes, analysis was based on interpretation methods normally used for aerial photography, since the black and white IR photography and side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) data were available only as images. Using IR photography as the standard, it was found that ERTS-1 Band 7 imagery had a 93% accuracy in detecting areas in the combined category of open water and flooded fields. X(HH) data from SLAR detected that built-up and wet areas were built-up (89 to 100% accuracy), but not that they were wet. It is suggested that these two sensors used in concert from orbital heights could provide information useful to relief organizations in flooded areas. It is considered likely that SLAR data will improve as higher resolution becomes available.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Michigan Academician; 8; Spring 1
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  • 7
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    Don't waste waterweeds (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Experiments carried out at the NASA National Space Technology Laboratories indicate that water hyacinths can absorb organic chemicals, heavy metals, nutrients, and other materials from waste water while producing large quantities of biomass, which can be used to produce a gas containing 60-80% methane. When grown in sewage free of toxic materials, the biomass can be used as a potential source of fertilizer or animal feed supplements. The use of hot water from nuclear power plants to grow water hyacinths during the winter months is particularly attractive, since the hyacinths could act as an added safety filtration system for the removal of radioactive elements.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: New Scientist; 71; Aug. 12
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  • 8
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    Paragenesis and petrogenesis of a corundum-bearing marble at Hunza /Kashmir/ (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Mineralium Deposita; 11; 1976
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  • 9
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    Imaging radar applications to mapping and charting (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper outlines the major actual and potential radar mapping applications, gives an account of the present state of satellite radar imaging, and reviews the radargrammetric work achieved since 1972. Attention is focused on the mapping methods and accuracy regarding single-image radar mapping, stereo radargrammetry, and mapping from blocks of overlapping imagery. It is recommended that more radargrammetric expertise be applied in radar mapping projects so that full advantage may be taken of the metric information potential of imaging radar.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 10
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    Precision processing of earth image data (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Precise corrections of Landsat data are useful for generating land-use maps, detecting various crops and determining their acreage, and detecting changes. The paper discusses computer processing and visualization techniques for Landsat data so that users can get more information from the imagery. The elementary unit of data in each band of each scene is the integrated value of intensity of reflected light detected in the field of view by each sensor. To develop the basic mathematical approach for precision correction of the data, differences between positions of ground control points on the reference map and the observed control points in the scene are used to evaluate the coefficients of cubic time functions of roll, pitch, and yaw, and a linear time function of altitude deviation from normal height above local earth's surface. The resultant equation, termed a mapping function, corrects the warped data image into one that approximates the reference map. Applications are discussed relative to shade prints, extraction of road features, and atlas of cities.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: American Scientist; 64; Sept
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  • 11
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    Compensating for environmental variability in the thermal inertia approach to remote sensing of soil moisture (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A procedure is developed for removing data scatter in the thermal-inertia approach to remote sensing of soil moisture which arises from environmental variability in time and space. It entails the utilization of nearby National Weather Service air temperature measurements to normalize measured diurnal surface temperature variations to what they would have been for a day of standard diurnal air temperature variation, arbitrarily assigned to be 18 C. Tests of the procedure's basic premise on a bare loam soil and a crop of alfalfa indicate it to be conceptually sound. It is possible that the technique could also be useful in other thermal-inertia applications, such as lithographic mapping.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 15; Aug. 197
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  • 12
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    Remote sensing of the surface emissivity at 9 microns over the globe (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The infrared spectral measurements made by the Nimbus 4 infrared interferometer spectrometer (Iris) for a period of about 10 months are used to study the surface emissivity properties over the globe. It is found that the surface emissivity at 9 microns, as measured by Iris with a circular field of view of about 100-km diameter, is significantly less than unity over arid and semiarid areas. The spectral features in the 8-12-micron window observed over these lands reveal emissivity characteristics essentially due to quartz (SiO2). It is found that these emissivity features are significantly weakened by the presence of clay, clay horizons, or pedogenic horizons in the soil. Low emissivity is observed over sandy or sandy loam areas (psamments) with no clay or pedogenic horizons.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; July 20
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  • 13
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    The use of remote sensing imagery for environmental land use and flood hazard mapping (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Flood hazard maps have been constructed for Graham, Yuma, and Yavapai Counties in Arizona using remote sensing techniques. Watershed maps of priority areas were selected on the basis of their interest to the county planning staff and represented areas of imminent or ongoing development and those known to be subject to inundation by storm runoff. Landsat color infrared imagery at scales of 1:1,000,000, 1:500,000, and 1:250,000 was used together with high-altitude aerial photography at scales of 1:120,000 and 1:60,000 to determine drainage patterns and erosional features, soil type, and the extent and type of ground cover. The satellite imagery was used in the form of 70 mm chips for enhancement in a color additive viewer and in all available enlargement modes. Field checking served as the main backup to the interpretations. Areas with high susceptibility to flooding were determined with a high level of confidence from the remotely sensed imagery.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Environmental Sciences; 19; May-June
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  • 14
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    Applications of space technology to developing nations (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The use of imagery from the Landsat spacecraft for the monitoring and management of natural resources in developing countries is discussed. The Landsat imagery can be used to make cartographic maps at scales of 1:250,000 which meet the US National Map Accuracy Standards, providing a means of map updating to correct for river meanders or changing shorelines. The Landsat data can also be used in defining and measuring agricultural areas, identifying pest breeding areas, and monitoring irrigation practices and crop performance. Total volume estimates can be obtained in many cases for surface bodies of water, and subsurface water supplies can be detected from changes in vegetation in some instances.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: COSPAR Information Bulletin; 75, A; Apr. 197
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  • 15
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    Remote profiling of lake ice using an S-band short-pulse radar aboard an all-terrain vehicle (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A short-pulse (one nanosecond) S-band radar system was developed to supplement the information obtained with the aid of the SLAR system of the Great Lakes ice information system. It is the objective of the ice information system to aid in extending the winter navigation season. The SLAR imagery cannot be interpreted directly to obtain information concerning the thickness of the ice. This information is to be provided by a remote ice measuring system utilizing nanosecond radar pulses. A description is given of investigations in which such a system was installed on a C-47 aircraft. In other studies reported an S-band short-pulse radar was mounted on an all-terrain vehicle.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Radio Science; 11; Apr. 197
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  • 16
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    Beaufort Sea ice zones as delineated by microwave imagery (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Microwave and infrared data were obtained from a research aircraft over the Beaufort Sea ice from the shoreline of Harrison Bay northward to a latitude of almost 81 deg N. The data acquired were compared with microwave data obtained on the surface at an approximate position of 75 deg N, 150 deg W. Over this north-south transect of the polar ice canopy it was discovered that the sea ice could be divided into five distinct zones. The shorefast sea ice was found to consist uniformly of first-year sea ice. The second zone was found to be a mixture of first-year sea ice, medium size multiyear floes, and many recently refrozen leads, polynyas, and open water; considerable shearing activity was evident in this zone. The third zone was a mixture of first-year and multiyear sea ice which had a uniform microwave signature. The fourth zone was found to be a mixture of first-year sea ice and medium-to-large size multiyear floes which was similar in composition to the second zone. The fifth zone was almost exclusively multiyear ice extending to the North Pole.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; Feb. 20
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  • 17
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    Ground location of satellite scanner data (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper presents simple and accurate mathematical formulation for determining the ground location of remote sensor data. The techniques used are based on elementary concepts of differential geometry and lead to the development of a relation that gives location as a function of surface ellipticity, satellite position, velocity, attitude, and scanner orientation. The formula lends itself to simply computer coding and will hopefully lead to a standardization of the various techniques which have been developed to solve this problem.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 42; Apr. 197
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  • 18
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    Geothermal flux through palagonitized tephra, Surtsey, Iceland - The Surtsey temperature-data-relay experiment via Landsat-1 (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The net geothermal flux through palagonitized basaltic tephra rims of the Surtur I and Surtur II craters at Surtsey, Iceland, in 1972, is estimated at 780 plus or minus 325 microcal/sq cm/s, indicating a decline since 1969 when a flux of 1500 microcal/sq cm/s was estimated. Heat flux in this range characterizes the postvolcanic environment on Surtsey in which the subaerial polagonitization of basaltic tephra is associated with mass transfer of hydrothermal vapor, either of meteoric or sea-water origin, only a few years after cessation of eruptive activity. The flux estimation is the result of the Surtsey data-relay experiment via Landsat-1 which was carried out in several phases. Temperature data were transmitted for a 38-day period in November and December 1972. A near-surface vertical gradient of 69.4 C/m was obtained, suggesting a mixed mechanism of heat transfer, partitioned between conduction and convection.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: U.S. Geological Survey; vol. 4
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  • 19
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    Exploration for porphyry copper deposits in Pakistan using digital processing of Landsat-1 data (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Rock-type classification by digital-computer processing of Landsat-1 multispectral scanner data has been used to select 23 prospecting targets in the Chagai District, Pakistan, five of which have proved to be large areas of hydrothermally altered porphyry containing pyrite. Empirical maximum and minimum apparent reflectance limits were selected for each multispectral scanner band in each rock type classified, and a relatively unrefined classification table was prepared. Where the values for all four bands fitted within the limits designated for a particular class, a symbol for the presumed rock type was printed by the computer at the appropriate location. Drainage channels, areas of mineralized quartz diorite, areas of pyrite-rich rock, and the approximate limit of propylitic alteration were very well delineated on the computer-generated map of the test area. The classification method was used to evaluate 2,100 sq km in the Mashki Chah region. The results of the experiment show that outcrops of hydrothermally altered and mineralized rock can be identified from Landsat-1 data under favorable conditions.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: U.S. Geological Survey; vol. 4
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  • 20
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    ERTS-1 data applied to strip mining (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Two coal basins within the western region of the Potomac River Basin contain the largest strip-mining operations in western Maryland and West Virginia. The disturbed strip-mine areas were delineated along with the surrounding geological and vegetation features by using ERTS-1 data in both analog and digital form. The two digital systems employed were (1) the ERTS analysis system, a point-by-point digital analysis of spectral signatures based on known spectral values and (2) the LARS automatic data processing system. These two systems aided in efforts to determine the extent and state of strip mining in this region. Aircraft data, ground-verification information, and geological field studies also aided in the application of ERTS-1 imagery to perform an integrated analysis that assessed the adverse effects of strip mining. The results indicated that ERTS can both monitor and map the extent of strip mining to determine immediately the acreage affected and to indicate where future reclamation and revegetation may be necessary.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 42; Feb. 197
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  • 21
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    Remote measurement of water color (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper contains a discussion of the requirements and approaches which can be taken in the development of techniques for the analysis of remote multispectral imagery of natural bodies of water. There are two general approaches which can be used in the analysis of multispectral water color data collected by aircraft or satellite remote sensors. With the theoretical modeling approach, optically important constituents of natural waters are mathematically related to the upwelling radiance spectrum received by the remote sensor. With the empirical approach, the relationships are determined empirically by comparing remote sensing data with surface truth data. There are several levels of mathematical sophistication which can be applied to both approaches. The two approaches are discussed in some detail and it is concluded that the two approaches are closely related and should be pursued simultaneously for maximum utilization of the laboratory and field measurement data which will be needed. A set of minimum surface truth measurement parameters and techniques is suggested.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment; 5; 1, 19; 1976
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  • 22
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    Side-looking radar mosaicking experiment (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A block of 24 overlapping synthetic aperture side-looking radar images flown over a well mapped area of about 90,000 sq km provided an opportunity to evaluate the mapping accuracy achieved in current radar mosaicking projects. The maps of scale 1:24,000 that are available in the imaged area permitted the study of the geometric errors of the radar mosaics and of individual radar strips. An estimate was obtained for the effect of the distribution and density of ground control points and for the accuracy of different mosaicking methods that are currently employed with synthetic aperture radar images. It is shown that a successful radar mosaicking process requires the elimination of image errors of up to several kilometers. These errors are introduced as a result of the limited precision of the inertial aircraft navigation. An example of a radar mapping effort in which the navigation errors could be eliminated is presented. The resulting radar mosaics have residual RMS mapping errors of planimetry of about plus or minus 150 m.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 23
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    Thematic mapper studies: Data quality analysis (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-80715
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  • 24
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    Design specification for color coded spectral plots (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E80-10245 , NASA-CR-160706 , LEC-9924 , JSC-11851
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  • 25
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    Thematic mapper studies band correlation analysis (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Spectral data representative of thematic mapper candidate bands 1 and 3 to 7 were obtained by selecting appropriate combinations of bands from the JSC 24 channel multispectral scanner. Of all the bands assigned, only candidate bands 4 (.74 mu to .80 mu) and 5 (.80 mu to .91 mu) showed consistently high intercorrelation from region to region and time to time. This extremely high correlation persisted when looking at the composite data set in a multitemporal, multilocation domain. The GISS investigations lend positive confirmation to the hypothesis, that TM bands 4 and 5 are redundant.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-80716
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  • 26
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    Final design specification for LARSYS modification/Fisher F-distribution thresholding (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E80-10210 , NASA-CR-160648 , LEC-9963 , JSC-11864
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  • 27
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    As-built design specification for Metro data edit program (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E80-10201 , NASA-CR-160620 , LEC-9888 , JSC-11838
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  • 28
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    Transfer of Interactive Report Extracted Data (TIRED) requirements specification (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E80-10221 , NASA-CR-160611 , LEC-8841-REV-A , JSC-11365-REV-A
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  • 29
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    As-built specification for the ERIM tape conversion to LARSYS 2 program (ECTL2) (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E80-10202 , NASA-CR-160614 , LEC-9857 , JSC-11833
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  • 30
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    PDP 11/45 LACIE phase 11/111 automatic status and tracking system functional design specification (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E80-10222 , NASA-CR-160613 , LEC-9861 , JSC-11835
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  • 31
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    Transfer of Interactive Report Extracted Data (TIRED) requirements specification (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E80-10219 , NASA-CR-160615 , LEC-8841 , JSC-11365
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  • 32
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    A computer analysis of ERTS data of the Lake Gregory area of South Australia with particular emphasis on its role in terrain classification for engineering (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A digital computer and multivariate statistical techniques were used to analyze 4-band multispectral data. A representation of the original data for each of the four bands allows a certain degree of terrain interpretation; however, variations in appearance of sites within and between bands, without additional criteria for deciding which representation should be preferred, create difficulties for classification. Investigation of the video data groups produced by principal components analysis and cluster analysis techniques shows that effective correlations with classifications of terrain produced by conventional methods could be carried out. The analyses also highlighted underlying relationships between the various elements. The approach used allows large areas (185 cm by 185 cm) to be classified into fundamental units within a matter of hours and can be applied to those parts of the Earth where facilities for conventional studies are poor or lacking.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E83-10178 , NASA-CR-169785 , NAS 1.26:169785
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    Image processing system performance prediction and product quality evaluation (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. A new technique for image processing system performance prediction and product quality evaluation was developed. It was entirely objective, quantitative, and general, and should prove useful in system design and quality control. The technique and its application to determination of quality control procedures for the Earth Resources Technology Satellite NASA Data Processing Facility are described.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E78-10062 , NASA-CR-156654 , ZE-5185-M-2
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  • 34
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    Forest land management by satellite: LANDSAT-derived information as input to a forest inventory system (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Analysis of LANDSAT temporal data, specifically the digitally merged winter and summer scenes, provided the best overall classification results. Comparison of temporal classification results with available ground truth reveal a 94% agreement in the delineation of hardwood categories, a 96% agreement for the combined pine category, and a greater than 50% agreement for each individual pine subcategory. For nearly 1000 acres, compared clearcut acreage estimated with LANDSAT digital data differed from company inventory records by only 3%. Through analysis of summer data, pine stands were successfully classified into subcategories based upon the extent of crown closure. Maximum spectral separability of hardwood and pine stands was obtained from the analysis of winter data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E78-10038 , NASA-CR-155259
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  • 35
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    Digital image correlation techniques applied to LANDSAT multispectral imagery (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Automatic image registration and resampling techniques applied to LANDSAT data achieved accuracies, resulting in mean radial displacement errors of less than 0.2 pixel. The process method utilized recursive computational techniques and line-by-line updating on the basis of feedback error signals. Goodness of local feature matching was evaluated through the implementation of a correlation algorithm. An automatic restart allowed the system to derive control point coordinates over a portion of the image and to restart the process, utilizing this new control point information as initial estimates.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E78-10022 , NASA-CR-156647
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  • 36
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    Selective radiant temperature mapping using a layered classifier (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A method of measuring temperatures of selected ground-cover types using remotely sensed multispectral scanner data and a layered classification approach is described. A brief review of radiation theory is presented to show that for the wavelength bands and temperature ranges involved in remote sensing applications, a linear calibration function can be satisfactorily utilized. An example of the application of the layered classifier for temperature mapping of water is shown.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics; GE-14; Apr. 197
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  • 37
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    Soil water content and evaporation determined by thermal parameters obtained from ground-based and remote measurements (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Soil water contents from both smooth and rough bare soil were estimated from remotely sensed surface soil and air temperatures. An inverse relationship between two thermal parameters and gravimetric soil water content was found for Avondale loam when its water content was between air-dry and field capacity. These parameters, daily maximum minus minimum surface soil temperature and daily maximum soil minus air temperature, appear to describe the relationship reasonably well. These two parameters also describe relative soil water evaporation (actual/potential). Surface soil temperatures showed good agreement among three measurement techniques: in situ thermocouples, a ground-based infrared radiation thermometer, and the thermal infrared band of an airborne multispectral scanner.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; Mar. 20
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  • 38
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    Geologic mapping using LANDSAT data (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The feasibility of automated classification for lithologic mapping with LANDSAT digital data was evaluated using three classification algorithms. The two supervised algorithms analyzed, a linear discriminant analysis algorithm and a hybrid algorithm which incorporated the Parallelepiped algorithm and the Bayesian maximum likelihood function, were comparable in terms of accuracy; however, classification was only 50 per cent accurate. The linear discriminant analysis algorithm was three times as efficient as the hybrid approach. The unsupervised classification technique, which incorporated the CLUS algorithm, delineated the major lithologic boundaries and, in general, correctly classified the most prominent geologic units. The unsupervised algorithm was not as efficient nor as accurate as the supervised algorithms. Analysis of spectral data for the lithologic units in the 0.4 to 2.5 microns region indicated that a greater separability of the spectral signatures could be obtained using wavelength bands outside the region sensed by LANDSAT.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 42; Mar. 197
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  • 39
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    The preprocessing of multispectral data. II (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: It is pointed out that a correction of atmospheric effects is an important requirement for a full utilization of the possibilities provided by preprocessing techniques. The most significant characteristics of original and preprocessed data are considered, taking into account the solution of classification problems by means of the preprocessing procedure. Improvements obtainable with different preprocessing techniques are illustrated with the aid of examples involving Landsat data regarding an area in Colorado.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Bildmessung und Luftbildwesen; 44; Mar. 1
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  • 40
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    Regional prospecting for iron ores in Bahariya Oasis-El Faiyum area, Egypt, using LANDSAT-1 satellite images (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. New discoveries of iron deposits were registered as a result of the LANDSAT imagery, and the conditions of the already known iron deposits and occurrences were regionally connected and verified.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E78-10169 , NASA-CR-157287
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  • 41
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    Geology of Kharga-Dakhla Oases area, western desert, Egypt, from LANDSAT-1 satellite images (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E78-10158 , NASA-CR-157276
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  • 42
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    Laboratory requirements for in-situ and remote sensing of suspended material (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Recommendations for laboratory and in-situ measurements required for remote sensing of suspended material are presented. This study investigates the properties of the suspended materials, factors influencing the upwelling radiance, and the various types of remote sensing techniques. Calibration and correlation procedures are given to obtain the accuracy necessary to quantify the suspended materials by remote sensing. In addition, the report presents a survey of the national need for sediment data, the agencies that deal with and require the data of suspended sediment, and a summary of some recent findings of sediment measurements.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-145263 , TR-76-C2
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  • 43
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    Utilization of satellite data for inventorying prairie ponds and lakes (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: ERTS-1 data were used in mapping open surface water features in the glaciated prairies. Emphasis was placed on the recognition of these features based upon water's uniquely low radiance in a single near-infrared waveband. On the basis of these results, thematic maps and statistics relating to open surface water were obtained. In a related effort, the added information content of multiple spectral wavebands was used for discriminating surface water at a level of detail finer than the virtual resolution of the data. The basic theory of this technique and some preliminary results are described.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 42; May 1976
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  • 44
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    Correlation between multispectral photography and near-surface turbidities (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Four-band multispectral photography obtained from an aerial platform at an altitude of about 10,000 feet has been utilized to measure near-surface turbidity at numerous sampling sites in the Ross Barnett Reservoir, Mississippi. Correlation of the photographs with turbidity measurements has been accomplished via an empirical mathematical model which depends upon visual color recognition when the composited photographs are examined on either an I squared S model 600 or a Spectral Data model 65 color-additive viewer. The mathematical model was developed utilizing least-squares, iterative, and standard statistical methods and includes a time-dependent term related to sun angle. This model is consistent with information obtained from two overflights of the target area - July 30, 1973 and October 30, 1973 - and now is being evaluated with regard to information obtained from a third overflight on November 8, 1974.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 42; May 1976
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  • 45
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    Low-cost, aerial photographic inventory of tidal wetlands (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10444 , NASA-CR-148521 , CRS-2-76
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  • 46
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    Remote sensing of coastal pollutants (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10442 , NASA-CR-148519
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  • 47
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    Application of LANDSAT data to agricultural resource problems with emphasis on the North American Great Plains (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10439 , NASA-CR-148516
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  • 48
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    Urban land use monitoring from computer-implemented processing of airborne multispectral data (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Machine processing techniques were applied to multispectral data obtained from airborne scanners at an elevation of 600 meters over central Indianapolis in August, 1972. Computer analysis of these spectral data indicate that roads (two types), roof tops (three types), dense grass (two types), sparse grass (two types), trees, bare soil, and water (two types) can be accurately identified. Using computers, it is possible to determine land uses from analysis of type, size, shape, and spatial associations of earth surface images identified from multispectral data. Land use data developed through machine processing techniques can be programmed to monitor land use changes, simulate land use conditions, and provide impact statistics that are required to analyze stresses placed on spatial systems.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-147789 , LARS-IN-032576
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  • 49
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    Detection and mapping of mineralized areas in the Cortez-Uinta Belt, Utah-Nevada, using computer-enhanced ERTS imagery (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. An approach to obtain spatial precision utilizes large scale black and white ratio images with high geometric precision. These images have a precision of .005 inch across the diagonals. Evaluation of a color ratio composite image of south central Nevada using ratio images recorded at this scale shows that the respective pixels are registered throughout the scene. Thus reconnaissance mapping can be carried out for the entire scene at 1:300,000 scale and then at larger scales by analyzing photographic enlargements of the original color ratio composite image. The advantages to this approach are elimination of repetitive computer processing and considerable flexibility as to specific scales.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10410 , NASA-CR-147793
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  • 50
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    Analysis of field size distributions, LACIE test sites 5029, 5033, and 5039, Anhwei Province, People's Republic of China (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study was made of the field size distributions for LACIE test sites 5029, 5033, and 5039, People's Republic of China. Field lengths and widths were measured from LANDSAT imagery, and field area was statistically modeled. Field size parameters have log-normal or Poisson frequency distributions. These were normalized to the Gaussian distribution and theoretical population curves were made. When compared to fields in other areas of the same country measured in the previous study, field lengths and widths in the three LACIE test sites were 2 to 3 times smaller and areas were smaller by an order of magnitude.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71156 , X-923-76-145
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  • 51
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    Applied Remote Sensing Program (ARSP) (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The activities and accomplishments of the Applied Remote Sensing Program during FY 1975-1976 are reported. The principal objective of the Applied Remote Sensing Program continues to be designed projects having specific decision-making impacts as a principal goal. These projects are carried out in cooperation and collaboration with local, state and federal agencies whose responsibilities lie with planning, zoning and environmental monitoring and/or assessment in the application of remote sensing techniques. The end result of the projects is the use by the involved agencies of remote sensing techniques in problem solving.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-148324 , OALS-BULL-13
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  • 52
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    LANDSAT Non-US standard catalog, 1-31 March 1976 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Non-U.S. Standard Catalog lists Non-U.S. imagery acquired by LANDSAT 1 and LANDSAT 2 which have been processed and input to the data files during the referenced month. Data, such as date acquired, cloud cover and image quality are given for each scene. The microfilm roll and frame on which the scene may be found is also given.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-74140 , GSFC/LN-76/003 , NTISUB/B/139-76/003
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  • 53
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    LANDSAT US standard catalog, 1-31 March 1976 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The U.S. Standard Catalog lists U.S. imagery acquired by LANDSAT 1 and LANDSAT 2 which has been processed and input to the data files during the referenced month. Data, such as date acquired, cloud cover and image quality are given for each scene. The microfilm roll and frame on which the scene may be found is also given.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-74141 , GSFC/LU-76/003 , NTISUB/B/138-76/003
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  • 54
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    Thematic mapping, land use, geological structure and water resources in central Spain (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10416 , NASA-CR-148280 , QR-2
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  • 55
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    Water quality conditions in San Francisco Bay delta (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10408 , NASA-CR-148215 , PR-4
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  • 56
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    Investigation of earth's albedo using Skylab data (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Specific test sites in the White Sands, New Mexico and Lake Michigan areas were chosen because of their stability and known reflectances. Skylab S192 multispectral data and ERIM aircraft multispectral data were collected for these sites and were compared with results of atmospheric radiative transfer calculations in order to determine the aerosol content of the atmosphere. The spectral shape of the Skylab data compared quite favorably with the nearly simultaneous spectral character of the aircraft data. Although there were difficulties in the calibration of the S192 instrument which remain unresolved, interesting mathematical and physical relationships were discovered.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10409 , NASA-CR-147445 , ERIM-102200-20-F
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  • 57
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    Thailand national programme of the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. The study on locating hill tribe villages from LANDSAT imagery was successful and exceeded the initial expectations. Results of the study on land use and forest mapping using Skylab data demonstrated the capability and feasibility of large scale mapping with high accuracy.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10404 , NASA-CR-148217 , G-28080
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  • 58
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    Comparisons of cloud cover evaluated from LANDSAT imagery and meteorological stations across the British Isles (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. This stage of the study has confirmed the initial supposition that LANDSAT data could be analyzed to provide useful data on cloud amount, and that useful light would be thrown thereby on the performance of the ground observer of this aspect of the state of the sky. This study, in comparison with previous studies of a similar nature using data from meteorological satellites, has benefited greatly from the much higher resolution data provided by LANDSAT. This has permitted consideration of not only the overall performance of the surface observer in estimating total cloud cover, but also his performance under different sky conditions.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10403 , NASA-CR-148216 , QR-3
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  • 59
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    Development of remote sensing technology in New Zealand, part 1. Mapping land use and environmental studies in New Zealand, part 2. Indigenous forest assessment, part 3. Seismotectonic, structural, volcanologic and geomorphic study of New Zealand, part 4 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. As part of the tape reformatting process, a simple coded picture output program was developed. This represents Pixel's radiance level by one of a 47 character set on a nonoverprinting line printer. It not only has aided in locating areas for the reformatting process, but has also formed the foundation for a supervised clustering package. This in turn has led to a simplistic but effective thematic mapping package.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10389 , NASA-CR-148203 , REPT-531 , QR-2
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  • 60
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    Survey of users of earth resources remote sensing data (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A user survey was conducted to determine current earth resources survey (ERS) data use/user status and recommendations for strengthening use. Only high-altitude aircraft and satellite (primarily LANDSAT) data were included. Emphasis was placed on the private sector/industrial user. Objectives of the survey included: who is using ERS data, how they are using the data, the relative value of current data use as well as obtaining user views as to possible ways of strengthening future ERS data use. The survey results are documented and should provide relevant decision making information for developing future programs of maximum benefit to all end users of satellite ERS data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-147361
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  • 61
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    An estimate of the influence of sediment concentration and type on remote sensing penetration depth for various coastal waters (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Under the assumptions of collimated light, a homogenous water column, zero molecular scattering, and constant ratio of volume scattering function to scattering coefficient, estimates of the remote sensing depth parameter, Z90, are made for various coastal waters at 540 nm. Calculations indicate that sediment concentration and type have a strong influence on remote sensing depth when concentrations are below 5 mg/theta. Above 5 mg/theta, the absorption coefficient of the sediments becomes large in comparison to that of water, causing Z90 values to be less than 2 m with only small differences between various sediment types.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73906
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  • 62
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    Geomorphic and landform survey of northern Appennini (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10397 , NASA-CR-148184 , QR-3
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  • 63
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    Structural lineaments and mineralization in southeast Missouri (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10400 , NASA-CR-148187
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  • 64
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    Use of LANDSAT imagery for wildlife habitat mapping in northeast and eastcentral Alaska (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. There is strong indication that spatially rare feature classes may be missed in clustering classifications based on 2% random sampling. Therefore, it seems advisable to augment random sampling for cluster analysis with directed sampling of any spatially rare features which are relevant to the analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10394 , NASA-CR-148181 , PR-4
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  • 65
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    Photomapping of the United States (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10385 , NASA-CR-148165
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  • 66
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    Dejection and/or prevention of human diseases through remote sensing (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The use of remote sensors for the detection of probable areas of disease infestation, and possibly as a tool in the control of these diseases, is discussed. Particular attention is given to malaria, encephalitis, and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. The vector ecology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of these diseases are examined. The use of remote sensors to detect the presence of Red Tide is also discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-147751 , QR-3
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  • 67
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    The proper weighting function for retrieving temperatures from satellite measured radiances (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: One class of methods for converting satellite measured radiances into atmospheric temperature profiles, involves a linearization of the radiative transfer equation: delta r = the sum of (W sub i) (delta T sub i) where (i=1...s) and where delta T sub i is the deviation of the temperature in layer i from that of a reference atmosphere, delta R is the difference in the radiance at satellite altitude from the corresponding radiance for the reference atmosphere, and W sub i is the discrete (or vector) form of the T-weighting (i.e., temperature weighting) function W(P), where P is pressure. The top layer of the atmosphere corresponds to i = 1, the bottom layer to i = s - 1, and i = s refers to the surface. Linearization in temperature (or some function of temperature) is at the heart of all linear or matrix methods. The weighting function that should be used is developed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71116 , X-911-76-48
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    A LANDSAT digital image rectification system (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: DIRS is a digital image rectification system for the geometric correction of LANDSAT multispectral scanner digital image data. DIRS removes spatial distortions from the data and brings it into conformance with the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection. Scene data in the form of landmarks are used to drive the geometric correction algorithms. Two dimensional least squares polynominal and spacecraft attitude modeling techniques for geometric mapping are provided. Entire scenes or selected quadrilaterals may be rectified. Resampling through nearest neighbor or cubic convolution at user designated intervals is available. The output products are in the form of digital tape in band interleaved, single band or CCT format in a rotated UTM projection. The system was designed and implemented on large scale IBM 360 computers.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71115 , X-931-76-101
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    LACIE performance predictor final operational capability program description, volume 3 (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The requirements and processing logic for the LACIE Error Model program (LEM) are described. This program is an integral part of the Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE) system. LEM is that portion of the LPP (LACIE Performance Predictor) which simulates the sample segment classification, strata yield estimation, and production aggregation. LEM controls repetitive Monte Carlo trials based on input error distributions to obtain statistical estimates of the wheat area, yield, and production at different levels of aggregation. LEM interfaces with the rest of the LPP through a set of data files.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-147757 , TRW-28234-6029-RU-00-VOL-3
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    LACIE performance predictor FOC users manual (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The LACIE Performance Predictor (LPP) is a computer simulation of the LACIE process for predicting worldwide wheat production. The simulation provides for the introduction of various errors into the system and provides estimates based on these errors, thus allowing the user to determine the impact of selected error sources. The FOC LPP simulates the acquisition of the sample segment data by the LANDSAT Satellite (DAPTS), the classification of the agricultural area within the sample segment (CAMS), the estimation of the wheat yield (YES), and the production estimation and aggregation (CAS). These elements include data acquisition characteristics, environmental conditions, classification algorithms, the LACIE aggregation and data adjustment procedures. The operational structure for simulating these elements consists of the following key programs: (1) LACIE Utility Maintenance Process, (2) System Error Executive, (3) Ephemeris Generator, (4) Access Generator, (5) Acquisition Selector, (6) LACIE Error Model (LEM), and (7) Post Processor.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-147745 , TRW-28234-6025-RU-00
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    LACIE performance predictor final operational capability program description, volume 1 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The program EPHEMS computes the orbital parameters for up to two vehicles orbiting the earth for up to 549 days. The data represents a continuous swath about the earth, producing tables which can be used to determine when and if certain land segments will be covered. The program GRID processes NASA's climatology tape to obtain the weather indices along with associated latitudes and longitudes. The program LUMP takes substrata historical data and sample segment ID, crop window, crop window error and statistical data, checks for valid input parameters and generates the segment ID file, crop window file and the substrata historical file. Finally, the System Error Executive (SEE) Program checks YES error and truth data, CAMS error data, and signature extension data for validity and missing elements. A message is printed for each error found.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-147755 , TRW-28234-6027-RU-00-VOL-1
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  • 72
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    A forestry application simulation of man-machine techniques for analyzing remotely sensed data (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The typical steps in the analysis of remotely sensed data for a forestry applications example are simulated. The example uses numerically-oriented pattern recognition techniques and emphasizes man-machine interaction.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-147663 , LARS-IN-012376 , T-1039/4
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  • 73
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    LACIE performance predictor final operational capability program description, volume 2 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Given the swath table files, the segment set for one country and cloud cover data, the SAGE program determines how many times and under what conditions each segment is accessed by satellites. The program writes a record for each segment on a data file which contains the pertinent acquisition data. The weather data file can also be generated from a NASA supplied tape. The Segment Acquisition Selector Program (SACS) selects data from the segment reference file based upon data input manually and from a crop window file. It writes the extracted data to a data acquisition file and prints two summary reports. The POUT program reads from associated LACIE files and produces printed reports. The major types of reports that can be produced are: (1) Substrate Reference Data Reports, (2) Population Mean, Standard Deviation and Histogram Reports, (3) Histograms of Monte Carlo Statistics Reports, and (4) Frequency of Sample Segment Acquisitions Reports.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-147756 , TRW-28234-6028-RU-00-VOL-2
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  • 74
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    Extracting scene feature vectors through modeling, volume 3 (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The remote estimation of the leaf area index of winter wheat at Finney County, Kansas was studied. The procedure developed consists of three activities: (1) field measurements; (2) model simulations; and (3) response classifications. The first activity is designed to identify model input parameters and develop a model evaluation data set. A stochastic plant canopy reflectance model is employed to simulate reflectance in the LANDSAT bands as a function of leaf area index for two phenological stages. An atmospheric model is used to translate these surface reflectances into simulated satellite radiance. A divergence classifier determines the relative similarity between model derived spectral responses and those of areas with unknown leaf area index. The unknown areas are assigned the index associated with the closest model response. This research demonstrated that the SRVC canopy reflectance model is appropriate for wheat scenes and that broad categories of leaf area index can be inferred from the procedure developed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-147742
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  • 75
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    Lineaments on Skylab photographs: Detection, mapping, and hydrologic significance in central Tennessee (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Lineaments were detected on Skylab photographs by stereo viewing, projection viewing, and composite viewing. Sixty-nine percent more lineaments were found by stereo viewing than by projection, but segments of projection lineaments are longer; total length of lineaments found by these two methods is nearly the same. Most Skylab lineaments consist of topographic depression: stream channel alinements, straight valley walls, elongated swales, and belts where sinkholes are abundant. Most of the remainder are vegetation alinements. Lineaments are most common in dissected areas having a thin soil cover. Results of test drilling show: (1) the median yield of test wells on Skylab lineaments is about six times the median yield of all existing wells; (2) three out of seven wells on Skylab lineaments yield more than 6.3 1/s (110 gal/min): (3) low yields are possible on lineaments as well as in other favorable locations; and (4) the largest well yields can be obtained at well locations of Skylab lineaments that also are favorably located with respect to topography and geologic structure, and are in the vicinity of wells with large yields.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10380 , NASA-CR-144490 , REPT-76-196
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  • 76
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    Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 data for selected hydrologic applications (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10373 , NASA-CR-147966
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  • 77
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    Sea ice studies in the Spitsbergen-Greenland area (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10367 , NASA-CR-147959 , QPR-3
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  • 78
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    Investigation of environmental change pattern in Japan. A study on change of environmental condition of Ise Bay using LANDSAT data (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10366 , NASA-CR-147931
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  • 79
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    Investigation of environmental change pattern in Japan. Classification of shorelines (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10364 , NASA-CR-147930
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  • 80
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    Investigation of environmental change pattern in Japan. Investigation of variations in the prominent oceanic current, Kuroshio (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. From ocean current analysis, it is concluded that the vortex was formed when the stream axis of the Kuroshio was gradually approaching Shiono Misaki. The sea surface temperatures in the area were found to be nearly homogenious having the values of 27.3 to 27.8C. Transparency of the water was better on the east side of Shiono Misaki than on the west side, the values being 20 to 27 m against 13m. Surface salinity distribution had a considerably high value of 33.7% on the east side, decreasing toward the west to become 32%.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10363 , NASA-CR-147957
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  • 81
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    Investigation of environmental change pattern in Japan. Land use classification by spectral pattern analysis; preliminary report (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10362 , NASA-CR-147956
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  • 82
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    Investigation of environmental change pattern in Japan. Investigation of the ecological environment index from observation of the regional vegetation cover and their growing condition (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10361 , NASA-CR-147955
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  • 83
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    The use of LANDSAT DCS and imagery in reservoir management and operation (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following signifcant results. From real time data, an intense storm with temperatures in the mid fifties was seen moving through New England. Approximately $33 million in damages were prevented because of the advance warning, and no damage was incurred in northern Maine as a result.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10359 , NASA-CR-147929
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  • 84
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    Development of a multi-disciplinary ERTS user program in the state of Ohio (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10334 , NASA-CR-147218 , PR-3
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  • 85
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    Microprobe and oxygen fugacity study of armalcolite (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The stability of synthetic armalcolite was determined as a function of oxygen fugacity with particular regard to the oxidation state of iron and titanium. The equilibrium pseudobrookite (armalcolite) composition was measured at 1200 C under various conditions of oxidation typical of the lunar environment. These data, when compared with published descriptions of mare basalts, provide information about the conditions of crystallization of armalcolite-bearing lunar rocks. Some information about the crystal chemistry of armalcolite was obtained from X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analyses of synthetic armalcolite and Zr-armalcolite. Further data were gathered from a comparison of the Mossbauer spectra of a phase pure stoichiometric armalcolite and one containing appreciable amounts of trivalent titanium.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-148134
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  • 86
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    A new computer approach to mixed feature classification for forestry application (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A computer approach for mapping mixed forest features (i.e., types, classes) from computer classification maps is discussed. Mixed features such as mixed softwood/hardwood stands are treated as admixtures of softwood and hardwood areas. Large-area mixed features are identified and small-area features neglected when the nominal size of a mixed feature can be specified. The computer program merges small isolated areas into surrounding areas by the iterative manipulation of the postprocessing algorithm that eliminates small connected sets. For a forestry application, computer-classified LANDSAT multispectral scanner data of the Sam Houston National Forest were used to demonstrate the proposed approach. The technique was successful in cleaning the salt-and-pepper appearance of multiclass classification maps and in mapping admixtures of softwood areas and hardwood areas. However, the computer-mapped mixed areas matched very poorly with the ground truth because of inadequate resolution and inappropriate definition of mixed features.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-147747 , LEC-8061 , JSC-11034
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  • 87
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    Regional investigation of tectonic and igneous geology in Iran, Pakistan and Turkey (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10297 , NASA-CR-146787 , EC/24/M/D10 , QR-1
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  • 88
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    Water quality conditions in the Suisun Bay portion of the San Francisco Bay delta system (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10288 , NASA-CR-146656 , PR-3
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  • 89
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    The use of the LANDSAT Data Collection Systems (DCS) for relaying hydrologic data (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10284 , NASA-CR-146654
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  • 90
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    Detection and mapping of mineralized areas in the Cortez-Uinta Belt, Utah-Nevada, using computer-enhanced ERTS imagery (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Mineralogical differences between hydrothermally altered rocks and most unaltered rocks in south central Nevada cause visible and near infrared (0.45-2.4 micron) spectral reflectance differences which can be used to discriminate broad categories of rocks in multispectral images. The most important mineralogical differences are the increased abundance of goethite, hematite, jarosite, alunite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite in the altered zones. Because of the wavelength positions and widths of the LANDSAT MSS bands, these spectral differences are not apparent in individual or color infrared composite MSS images. The technique developed to enhance these subtle spectral differences combines ratioing of the MSS bands and contrast stretching. Field evaluation of color-ratio composite shows that, after exclusion of alluvial areas, approximately 80% of the green and brown color patterns are related to hydrothermal alteration. The remaining 20% consists mainly of pink hematitic crystallized tuff and tan or red ferruginous shale and siltstone.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10283 , NASA-CR-146653
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  • 91
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    Thematic mapping, land use, geological structure and water resources in central Spain (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10279 , NASA-CR-146649 , QR-1
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  • 92
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    The identification of cloud types in LANDSAT MSS images (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Five general families of clouds were identified: cumulonimbiform, cumuliform, stratiform, stratocumuliform, and cirriform. Four members of this five-fold primary division of clouds were further divided into a number of subgroups. The MSS observed and recorded earth radiation in four different wavebands. Two of these bands (4 and 5) image in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, while the others (6 and 7) image the short wave portion, or just into the infrared. The main differences between the appearances of clouds in the four wavebands are related to the background brightness of land and sea surfaces.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10277 , NASA-CR-146647 , QR-2
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  • 93
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    The use of ERTS/LANDSAT imagery in relation to airborne remote sensing for terrain analysis in Western Queensland, Australia (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. LANDSAT 1 and 2 imagery contrast the geology of the Cloncurry-Dobbyn and the Gregory River-Mt. Isa areas very clearly. Known major structural features and lithological units are clearly displayed while, hitherto unknown lineaments were revealed. Throughout this area, similar rock types produce similar spectral signatures, e.g. quartzites produce light signatures, iron rich rocks produce dark signatures. More geological data are discernible at the 1:50,000 scale than on the 1:250,000 scale. Ore horizons may be identified at the 1:50,000 scale, particularly where they are associated with iron rich rocks. On the level plains north of Cloncurry, distinctive spectral signatures produced by the combined reflectances of plant cover, soils, and geology, distinguish different types of superficial deposits. Existing and former channels of the Cloncurry and Williams Rivers are distinguished at the 1:50,000 scale on both the LANDSAT 1 and 2 imagery. On the Cloncurry Plains, fence lines are discernible on the 1:50,000 LANDSAT 2 imagery.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10276 , NASA-CR-146542
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  • 94
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    Study of mesoscale phenomena, winter monsoon clouds and snow area based on LANDSAT data (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Most longitudinal clouds which appear as continuous linear clouds are composed of small transversal clouds. There are mountain waves of different wavelength in a comparatively narrow area indicating complicated orographical effects on wind and temperature distribution or on both dynamical and static stability condition. There is a particular shape of cirrus cloud suggestive of turbulence in the vicinity of CAT in the upper troposphere near jet stream level and its cold air side. Thin cirrus of overcast condition can be distinguished by MSS; however, extremely thin cirrus of partly cloudy condition cannot be detected even in LANDSAT data. This presents a serious problem in the interpretation of satellite thermal infrared radiation data since they affect the value.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10261 , NASA-CR-146633
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  • 95
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    Earth Resources: A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 7 (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This bibliography lists 492 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between July 1975 and September 1975. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-SP-7041(07)
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  • 96
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    LANDSAT: Non-US standard catalog, 1-29 February 1976 (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Information regarding the availability of LANDSAT imagery processed and input to the data files by the NASA Data Processing Facility is published on a monthly basis. The U.S. Standard Catalog includes imagery covering the continental United States, Alaska and Hawaii. The non-U.S. Standard Catalog identifies all the remaining coverage. Sections 1 and 2 describe the contents and format for the catalogs and the associated microfilm. Section 3 provides a cross-reference defining the beginning and ending dates for LANDSAT cycles. Sections 4 and 5 cover LANDSAT-1 and LANDSAT-2 coverage, respectively.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73048 , GSFC/LN-76/002 , NTISUB/B/139-76/002
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    LANDSAT: US standard catalog, 1-29 February 1976 (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The U.S. Standard Catalog lists U.S. imagery acquired by LANDSAT 1 and LANDSAT 2 which has been processed and input to the data files during the referenced month. Data, such as date acquired, cloud cover and image quality are given for each scene. The microfilm roll and frame on which the scene may be found is also given.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73047 , GSFC/LU-76/002
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  • 98
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    Application of remotely sensed multispectral data to automated analysis of marshland vegetation. Inference to the location of breeding habitats of the salt marsh mosquito (Aedes Sollicitans) (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The techniques used for the automated classification of marshland vegetation and for the color-coded display of remotely acquired data to facilitate the control of mosquito breeding are presented. A multispectral scanner system and its mode of operation are described, and the computer processing techniques are discussed. The procedures for the selection of calibration sites are explained. Three methods for displaying color-coded classification data are presented.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8139 , JSC-S-373
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  • 99
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    LANDSAT: Non-US standard catalog, 1-31 January 1976 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Information regarding the availability of LANDSAT imagery processed and input to the data files by the NASA Data Processing Facility is published on a monthly basis. The U.S. Standard Catalog includes imagery covering the continental United States, Alaska and Hawaii. The Non-U.S. Standard Catalog identifies all the remaining coverage. Sections 1 and 2 describe the contents and format for the catalogs and the associated microfilm. Section 3 provides a cross-reference defining the beginning and ending dates for LANDSAT cycles.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-72991 , GSFC/LN-76/001
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 100
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    LANDSAT: US standard catalog, 1-31 January 1976 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Information regarding the availability of LANDSAT imagery processed and input to the data files by the NASA Data Processing Facility is published on a monthly basis. The U.S. Standard Catalog includes imagery covering the continental United States, Alaska and Hawaii. The Non-U.S. Standard Catalog identifies all the remaining coverage. Section 1 and 2 describe the contents and format for the catalogs and the associated microfilm. Section 3 provides a cross-reference defining the beginning and ending dates for LANDSAT cycles. Sections 4 and 5 cover LANDSAT-1 and LANDSAT-2 coverage, respectively.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-72992 , GSFC/LU-76/001 , NTISUB/B/138-76/001
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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