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  • Elsevier  (165,835)
  • Springer Nature  (42,012)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 2025-2025  (2)
  • 2015-2019  (177,121)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 2015  (177,121)
  • 1976  (36,785)
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  • 1
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    Cluster analysis of downscaled and explicitly simulated North Atlantic tropical cyclone tracks (2015)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-18
    Description: A realistic representation of the North Atlantic tropical cyclone tracks is crucial as it allows, for example, explaining potential changes in U.S. landfalling systems. Here, the authors present a tentative study that examines the ability of recent climate models to represent North Atlantic tropical cyclone tracks. Tracks from two types of climate models are evaluated: explicit tracks are obtained from tropical cyclones simulated in regional or global climate models with moderate to high horizontal resolution (1°–0.25°), and downscaled tracks are obtained using a downscaling technique with large-scale environmental fields from a subset of these models. For both configurations, tracks are objectively separated into four groups using a cluster technique, leading to a zonal and a meridional separation of the tracks. The meridional separation largely captures the separation between deep tropical and subtropical, hybrid or baroclinic cyclones, while the zonal separation segregates Gulf of Mexico and Cape Verde storms. The properties of the tracks’ seasonality, intensity, and power dissipation index in each cluster are documented for both configurations. The authors’ results show that, except for the seasonality, the downscaled tracks better capture the observed characteristics of the clusters. The authors also use three different idealized scenarios to examine the possible future changes of tropical cyclone tracks under 1) warming sea surface temperature, 2) increasing carbon dioxide, and 3) a combination of the two. The response to each scenario is highly variable depending on the simulation considered. Finally, the authors examine the role of each cluster in these future changes and find no preponderant contribution of any single cluster over the others.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1333–1361
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: tropical cyclones ; atlantic basin ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Impact of Orbital Parameters and Greenhouse Gas on the Climate of MIS 7 and MIS 5 Glacial Inceptions (2015)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-22
    Description: This work explores the impact of orbital parameters and greenhouse gas concentrations on the climate of marine isotope stage (MIS) 7 glacial inception and compares it to that of MIS 5. The authors use a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model to simulate the mean climate state of six time slices at 115, 122, 125, 229, 236, and 239 kyr, representative of a climate evolution from interglacial to glacial inception conditions. The simulations are designed to separate the effects of orbital parameters from those of greenhouse gas (GHG). Their results show that, in all the time slices considered, MIS 7 boreal lands mean annual climate is colder than the MIS 5 one. This difference is explained at 70% by the impact of the MIS 7 GHG. While the impact of GHG over Northern Hemisphere is homogeneous, the difference in temperature between MIS 7 and MIS 5 due to orbital parameters differs regionally and is linked with the Arctic Oscillation. The perennial snow cover is larger in all the MIS 7 experiments compared to MIS 5, as a result of MIS 7 orbital parameters, strengthened by GHG. At regional scale, Eurasia exhibits the strongest response to MIS 7 cold climate with a perennial snow area 3 times larger than in MIS 5 experiments. This suggests that MIS 7 glacial inception is more favorable over this area than over North America. Furthermore, at 239 kyr, the perennial snow covers an area equivalent to that of MIS 5 glacial inception (115 kyr). The authors suggest that MIS 7 glacial inception is more extensive than MIS 5 glacial inception over the high latitudes.
    Description: Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research Ministry for Environment, Land and Sea through the project GEMINA
    Description: Published
    Description: 8918-8933
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Arctic Oscillation ; Teleconnections ; Greenhouse gases ; Glaciation ; Paleoclimate ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.05. Paleoclimate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    The deep structure of the Larderello-Travale geothermal field (Italy) from integrated, passive seismic investigations (2015)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: We report the preliminary results from a project (GAPSS-Geothermal Area Passive Seismic Sources), aimed at testing the resolving capabilities of passive exploration methods on a well-known geothermal area, namely the Larderello-Travale Geothermal Field (LTGF). Located in the western part of Tuscany (Italy), LTGF is the most ancient geothermal power field of the world. GAPSS consisted of up to 20 seismic stations deployed over an area of about 50 x 50 Km. During the first 12 months of measurements, we located more than 2000 earthquakes, with a peak rate of up to 40 shocks/day. Preliminary results from analysis of these signals include: (i) analysis of Shear-Wave-Splitting from local earthquake data, from which we determined the areal distribution of the most anisotropic regions; (ii) local-earthquake travel-time tomography for both P- and S-wave velocities; (iii) telesismic receiver function aimed at determining the high-resolution (〈0.5km) S-velocity structure over the 0-20km depth range, and seismic anisotropy using the decomposition of the angular harmonics of the RF data-set; (iv) S-wave velocity profiling through inversion of the dispersive characteristics of Rayleigh waves from earthquakes recorded at regional distances. After presenting results from these different analyses, we eventually discuss their potential application to the characterisation and exploration of the investigated area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 227-234
    Description: 6T. Sismicità indotta e caratterizzazione sismica dei sistemi naturali
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Geothermal field; Local Earthquake Tomography; Shear Wave Splitting; Surface Wave Dispersion; Receiver Functions; Larderello- Travale geothermal field (Italy) ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    First documented deep submarine explosive eruptions at the Marsili Seamount (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): A case of historical volcanism in the Mediterranean Sea (2015)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-14
    Description: The Marsili Seamount (MS) is an about 3200 m high volcanic complex measuring 70 × 30 km with the top at ~500 m b.s.l. MS is interpreted as the ridge of the 2 Ma old Marsili back-arc basin belonging to the Calabrian Arc–Ionian Sea subduction system(Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). Previous studies indicate that theMS activity developed between 1 and 0.1 Ma through effusions of lava flows. Here, new stratigraphic, textural, geochemical, and 14C geochronological data from a 95 cm long gravity core (COR02) recovered at 839 m bsl in theMS central sector are presented. COR02 contains mud and two tephras consisting of 98 to 100 area% of volcanic ash. The thickness of the upper tephra (TEPH01) is 15 cm, and that of the lower tephra (TEPH02) is 60 cm. The tephras have poor to moderate sorting, loose to partly welded levels, and erosive contacts, which imply a short distance source of the pyroclastics. 14C dating on fossils above and below TEPH01 gives an age of 3 ka BP. Calculations of the sedimentation rates from the mud sediments above and between the tephras suggest that a formation of TEPH02 at 5 ka BP MS ashes has a high-K calcalkaline affinity with 53 wt.% b SiO2 b 68 wt.%, and their composition overlaps that of the MS lava flows. The trace element pattern is consistent with fractional crystallization from a common, OIB-like basalt. The source area of ashes is the central sector of MS and not a subaerial volcano of the Campanian and/or Aeolian Quaternary volcanic districts. Submarine, explosive eruptions occurred atMS in historical times: this is the first evidence of explosive volcanic activity at a significant (500–800 m bsl) water depth in the Mediterranean Sea.MS is still active, the monitoring and an evaluation of the different types of hazards are highly recommended.
    Description: Published
    Description: 764-774
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori sperimentali e analitici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Submarine active volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Evidence of thermal-driven processes triggering the 2005–2014 unrest at Campi Flegrei caldera (2015)
    Elsevier | Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: An accelerating process of ground deformation that began 10 years ago is currently affecting the Campi Flegrei caldera. The deformation pattern is here explained with the overlapping of two processes: short time pulses that are caused by injection of magmatic fluids into the hydrothermal system; and a long time process of heating of the rock. The short pulses are highlighted by comparison of the residuals of ground deformation (fitted with an accelerating polynomial function) with the fumarolic CO2/CH4 and He/CH4 ratios (which are good geochemical indicators of the arrival of magmatic gases). The two independent datasets show the same sequence of five peaks, with a delay of ∼200 days of the geochemical signal with respect to the geodetic signal. The heating of the hydrothermal system, which parallels the long-period accelerating curve, is inferred by temperature–pressure gas geoindicators. Referring to a recent interpretation that relates variations in the fumarolic inert gas species to open system magma degassing, we infer that the heating is caused by enrichment in water of the magmatic fluids and by an increment in their flux. Heating of the rock caused by magmatic fluids can be a central factor in triggering unrest at calderas.
    Description: Published
    Description: 58-67
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei Caldera ; hydrothermal system ; ground deformation ; magmatic fluids ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    The North Sea — A shelf sea in the Anthropocene. (2015)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Marine Systems, Elsevier, 141, pp. 18-33
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-16
    Description: Global and regional change clearly affects the structure and functioning of ecosystems in shelf seas. However, complex interactions within the shelf seas hinder the identification and unambiguous attribution of observed changes to drivers. These include variability in the climate system, in ocean dynamics, in biogeochemistry, and in shelf sea resource exploitation in the widest sense by societies. Observational time series are commonly too short, and resolution, integration time, and complexity of models are often insufficient to unravel natural variability from anthropogenic perturbation. The North Sea is a shelf sea of the North Atlantic and is impacted by virtually all global and regional developments. Natural variability (from interannual to multidecadal time scales) as response to forcing in the North Atlantic is overlain by global trends (sea level, temperature, acidification) and alternating phases of direct human impacts and attempts to remedy those. Human intervention started some 1000 years ago (diking and associated loss of wetlands), expanded to near-coastal parts in the industrial revolution of the mid-19th century (river management, waste disposal in rivers), and greatly accelerated in the mid-1950s (eutrophication, pollution, fisheries). The North Sea is now a heavily regulated shelf sea, yet societal goals (good environmental status versus increased uses), demands for benefits and policies diverge increasingly. Likely, the southern North Sea will be re-zoned as riparian countries dedicate increasing sea space for offshore wind energy generation with uncertain consequences for the system's environmental status. We review available observational and model data (predominantly from the southeastern North Sea region) to identify and describe effects of natural variability, of secular changes, and of human impacts on the North Sea ecosystem, and outline developments in the next decades in response to environmental legislation, and in response to increased use of shelf sea space.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Glacial cooling as inferred from marine temperature proxies TEXH86 and UK′37 (2015)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Elsevier, 409, pp. 15-22, ISSN: 0012-821X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-08
    Description: Knowledge of the magnitude of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) cooling is a useful constraint for estimating the climate sensitivity used in projecting future climate change. Proxy comparison, especially that between the alkenone-based UK′37 and the archaeal tetraether-based TEX86, has been increasingly applied in paleoceanographic studies as a measure to better constrain proxy-derived temperature estimates. In this study, we compile and compare published multiproxy (UK′37 and TEXH86) records of glacial cooling measured on the same sediment cores. In spite of the diversity in oceanographic and sedimentation settings spanned by the study sites, we find that the TEXH86-derived mean tropical LGM cooling is approximately twice as strong as that suggested by the UK′37 and MARGO estimates. The extent of proxy discrepancy varies with the application of various regional calibrations, but the mean TEXH86-inferred cooling remains stronger than that inferred from UK′37. To understand the discrepancy between proxies, we examine the seasonal and water column structure of LGM cooling simulated by state-of-the-art climate models. We find that the dissimilar magnitudes of proxy-derived glacial cooling cannot be fully explained by proxies reflecting temperature of different seasons or different water depths, if the recording season and depth are assumed to stay constant through time. A hypothetical shift in recording season and/or depth between the Holocene and the LGM could in theory cause the proxy discrepancy, but this hypothesis cannot be constrained due to a lack of information on lipid production and export in the water column during the LGM. Alternatively, the systematic proxy discrepancy, which persists across diverse oceanographic settings, may imply that the commonly applied proxy calibrations for reconstructing past temperatures are fundamentally biased. As evidenced by the improved consistency between UK′37 and TEXH86-based estimates of LGM cooling after we applied a global subsurface (0–200 m) temperature calibration for TEXH86, it is plausible that the TEXH86 signal originates from deeper in the water column than typically assumed for the proxy calibration.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
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    Gaussian curvature using fundamental forms for binary voxel data (2015)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Graphical Models, Elsevier, 82, pp. 123-136, ISSN: 15240703
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-14
    Description: Local curvature characterizes every point of a surface and measures its deviation from a plane, locally. One application of local curvature measures within the field of image and geometry processing is object segmentation. Here, we present and evaluate a novel algorithm based on the fundamental forms to calculate the curvature on surfaces of objects discretized with respect to a regular three-dimensional grid. Thus, our new algorithm is applicable to voxel data, which are created e.g. from computed tomography (CT). Existing algorithms for binary data used the Gauss map, rather than fundamental forms. For the calculation of the fundamental forms, derivatives of a surface in tangent directions in every point of the surface have to be computed. Since the surfaces exist on grids with restricted resolution, these derivatives have to be discretized. In the presented method, this is realized by projecting the tangent plane onto the discrete object surface. The most important parameter of the proposed algorithm is the size of the chosen window for the calculation of the gradient. The size of this window has to be selected according to object size as well as with respect to distances between objects. In our experiments, an algorithm based on the Gauss map provided inconsistent values for simple test objects, whereas our method provides consistent values. We report quantitative results on various test geometries, compare our method to two algorithms working on gray value data and demonstrate the practical applicability of our novel algorithm to CT-reconstructions of Greenlandic firn.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
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    Projected changes in intense precipitation over Europe at the daily and sub-daily time scales (2015)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-06
    Description: Heavy precipitation is a major hazard over Europe. It is well established that climate model projections indicate a tendency towards more extreme daily rainfall events. It is still uncertain, however, how this changing intensity translates at the sub-daily time scales. The main goal of the present study is to examine possible differences in projected changes in intense precipitation events over Europe at the daily and sub-daily (3-hourly) time scales using a state-of-the-science climate model. The focus will be on one Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP 8.5), considered as illustrative of a high rate of increase in greenhouse gas concentrations over this century. There are statistically significant differences in intense precipitation projections (up to 40%) when comparing the results at the daily and sub-daily time scales. Over north-eastern Europe, projected precipitation intensification at the 3-hour scale is lower than at the daily scale. On the other hand, Spain and the western seaboard exhibit an opposite behaviour, with stronger intensification at the 3-hour scale rather than daily scale. While the mean properties of the precipitation distributions are independent of the analysed frequency, projected precipitation intensification exhibits regional differences. This finding has implications on the extrapolation of impacts of intense precipitation events, given the daily time scale the analyses are usually performed at.
    Description: Published
    Description: 6193–6203
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: rainfall ; extreme events ; heavy precipitation ; snow ; europe ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Large-scale numerical modelling of CO2 injection and containment phases for an Italian near-coast reservoir using PFLOTRAN (2015)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A potential CO2 storage site located offshore the west coast of Italy, has been modelled using PFLOTRAN assuming an injection rate of 1.5 Mtons/year for 20 years. The model predicts a CO2 footprint characterised by a diameter of about 3.5 km and a maximum pressure build up of 38 bars. The solubility trapping has been quantified, predicting a dissolution in brine of 69% and 79% of the total amount of CO2 injected after 1000 and 2000 years respectively. The residual trapping has also been found to play an important role, with 9% and 6% of the injected CO2 being locked into the hosting matrix pores after 1000 and 2000 years respectively. Considering a worst-case scenario for leakages, where zero critical capillarity pressure has been assumed, minor CO2 leakages through the caprock have been identified, caused by the combined effects of the long-term structural trapping and the large and lasting overpressure caused by the CO2 injection in an ideally closed system. Finally, some preliminary work undertaken as part of an ongoing effort to couple a geochemical model to the multi-phase flow simulations reveals i) small changes in mineral volume fraction and porosity during and after the injection (~5% after 1000 years), and ii) a not negligible self-sealing effect due to precipitation of calcite in the lower layer of the caprock. Further investigations and longer physical time runs are needed to confirm this assumption, but also to gain more confidence on the geochemical model built so far and to estimate the mineral trapping potential for this site.
    Description: Published
    Description: 334-343
    Description: 5A. Energia e georisorse
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: CO2 geological storage modelling ; geochemistry ; PFLOTRAN ; PFLOTRAN case study ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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