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  • Articles  (45)
  • Escherichia coli  (45)
  • Springer  (45)
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  • 2020-2022
  • 1995-1999
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  • Articles  (45)
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  • 2020-2022
  • 1995-1999
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 8 (1976), S. 317-328 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Selection ; Continuous Culture ; Non-Functional Protein Synthesis ; Escherichia coli ; Metabolic Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Comparison of growth rates of isogenic strains that synthesize varying levels ofβ-galactosidase during continuous culture on non-inducing medium indicates that synthesis of low levels of non-functional protein has a small but possibly significant effect upon growth rate.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 24 (1987), S. 205-211 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Endosymbiont ; Aphid ; Genome size ; Nucleotide composition ; Cell organelle ; Mycoplasma ; Escherichia coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An intracellular symbiont was isolated from the mycetocyte of the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum, and its genomic DNA was compared with those ofEscherichia coli andMycoplasma capricolum with respect to nucleotide composition and kinetic complexity. Thermal dissociation, CsCl density equilibrium centrifugation, and high-performance liquid chromatography of the nuclease P1 digest all indicated that the G+C content of the endosymbiont DNA is as low as 30%. In this respect, the endosymbiont resembledMycoplasma species. The reassociation kinetics of genomic DNA labeled by nick translation suggested that the endosymbiont genome is 1.4×1010 daltons in size, about 5 and 18 times as large as those ofE. coli andM. capricolum, respectively. The results were confirmed by reassociation of endosymbiont DNA labeled by incubation with [3Hthymidine in Grace's medium. The endosymbiont genome of the aphid was about 500 times larger than those of leafhopper endosymbionts previously analyzed by ultracentrifugation. These characteristic properties of the aphid endosymbiont genome are discussed in connection with the evolution of cell organelles, and with reference to a previous finding that most of the genes of the aphid endosymbiont are not expressed when present intracellularly.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Creatinine deimination enzymes ; Creatinine deiminase ; Cytosine deaminase ; Creatinine degradation ; N-Methylhydantoin ; Creatinine ; Cytosine ; Pseudomonas putida 77 ; Cytosine deaminase induction ; Escherichia coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Creatinine deimination has been newly detected in the following various cytosine deaminase-forming microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aureofaciens, Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Pseudomonas cruciviae. All these microorganisms, except for E. coli, formed cytosine deaminase in a constitutive or repressive way. P. putida 77 and E. coli showed highly increased formation of creatinine deiminase in the presence of creatinine and cytosine. Throughout serial DEAE-Sephacel and Sephacryl S-300 column chromatographies, the cytosine deaminases of these microorganisms, except for that of P. ovalis, were found to hydrolyze both creatinine and cytosine at comparable rates. No concrete evidence was obtained for the presence of any other protein that hydrolyzed creatine and/or cytosine than the cytosine deaminases in the three test microorganisms randomly selected for investigation. Different from P. putida 77, none of the test microorganisms degraded N-methylhydantoin; neither N-methylhydantoin amidohydrolase nor N-carbamoylsarcosine amidohydrolase was formed in the presence of creatinine in these microorganisms. As a result, the wide occurrence of cytosine deaminases in microorganisms was found to be related to the wide distribution of those microorganisms which hydrolyze creatinine to N-methylhydantoin without further degradation.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: F1F0 ATP synthase ; Escherichia coli ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Phylogenetic relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ATP synthase complex of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KF1F0) has been purified and characterized. SDS-gel electrophoresis of the purified F1F0 complexes revealed an identical subunit pattern for E. coli (EF1F0) and K. pneumoniae. Antibodies raised against EF1 complex and purified EF0 subunits recognized the corresponding polypeptides of EF1F0 and KF1F0 in immunoblot analysis. Protease digestion of the individual subunits generated an identical cleavage pattern for subunits α, β, γ, ε, a, and c of both enzymes. Only for subunit δ different cleavage products were obtained. The isolated subunit c of both organisms showed only a slight deviation in the amino acid composition. These data suggest that extensive homologies exist in primary and secondary structure of both ATP synthase complexes reflecting a close phylogenetic relationship between the two enterobacteric tribes.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 110 (1976), S. 279-286 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thallium accumulation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Escherichia coli ; Bacillus megaterium KM ; Thallium toxicity ; Potassium ; Microbial growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thallium sulphate inhibited microbial growth, withBacillus megaterium KM, more sensitive to the metal thanSaccharomyces cerevisiae andEscherichia coli. Inhibition ofB. megaterium KM andS. cerevisiae, but not ofE. coli, was alleviated by increasing the potassium concentration of the medium; inhibition of respiration ofS. cerevisiae, but not ofE. coli, was similarly alleviated. Thallium was rapidly bound, presumably to cell surfaces, byS. cerevisiae andE. coli, and was progressively accumulated by energy-dependent transport systems (probably concerned primarily with potassium uptake) with both organisms. Thallium uptake kinetics suggested more than one transport system operated in yeast, possibly reflecting a multiplicity of potassium transport systems. ApparentK m andK i values for competitive inhibition of thallium uptake by potassium indicatedS. cerevisiae to have a higher affinity for thallium uptake than for potassium, whileE. coli had a transport system with a higher affinity for potassium than for thallium. The likely systems for thallium transport are discussed. A mutant ofE. coli with tenfold decreased sensitivity to thallium was isolated and apparently effected surface binding of thallium in amounts equivalent to the wild type organism, but showed no subsequent uptake and accumulation of the metal from buffer, even though it was able to accumulate potassium to normal intracellular concentrations during growth.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 187-194 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Predator-prey ; Slime moulds ; Ecological enrichment ; Stability ; Dictyostelium discoideum ; Escherichia coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae and Escherichia coli were grown together in chemostat culture damped oscillations in the popullation densities of the organisms occurred followed by a sudden increase in bacterial numbers and a concommitant decrease in the number of amoebae. After the system had come to equilibrium altering the dilution rate resulted in a monotonic change in the experimental variables to new steady state levels. A square wave increase in the concentration of limiting nutrient in the feed medium during the oscillatory phase of culture produced a sinusoidal response indistinguishable from that prior to the perturbation. The results are more complicated than those predicted by simple models of microbial predator-prey dynamics although they correspond most nearly to models which incorporate saturation kinetics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 149 (1987), S. 36-42 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Catabolite repression ; Genetics ; Malate dehydrogenase ; Molecular cloning ; Sequence ; CRP binding site ; Escherichia coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The malate dehydrogenase gene of Escherichia coli, which is susceptible to catabolite and anaerobic repression, has been cloned using plasmic pLC32-38 of Clarke and Carbon (1976). The nucleotide sequence was determined of a 2.47 kbp fragment, containing the mdh structural gene. All information necessary for expression of the mdh structural gene was mapped within a 1.3 kbp SphI-BstEII fragment. Compared with the untransformed wild type, transformations with pUC19 vector, containing this fragment, gave up to 40-fold more malate dehydrogenase activity in both E. coli wild type and mdh mutant recipients. Catabolite repression was not affected in the transformants. A possible CRP binding site in the promotor region of the mdh gene provides evidence for a co-regulation with fumA gene, the structural gene of fumarase, which is also subject to catabolite repression. The structures for transcription initiation and termination were similar to those previously described for E. coli. Amino acid sequence homologies between pro- and eucaryotic malate dehydrogenases are discussed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 95-99 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Anacystis nidulans ; Escherichia coli ; Hybrid ribosomes ; Ribosomes ; Procaryotic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hybrid 70S ribosomes were produced by combining Anacystis nidulans and Escherichia coli 30S and 50S subunits. Both the A. nidulans 30S-E. coli 50S and E. coli 30S- A. nidulans 50S hybrids were functional in synthesizing protein when tested in a standard in vitro amino acid incorporating system. Both 70S hybrids were inhibited by streptomycin but the degree of inhibition was dependent upon the source of the 30S subunit. The ability to form functional 70S ribosomes from subunits of blue-green algae and bacteria is further evidence of the procaryotic nature of blue-greens and of the functional homology of the two protein synthesizing systems.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; Osmoregulation ; Glycine betaine ; Proline betaine ; γ-Butyrobetaine ; Trehalose ; Glutamic acid ; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It has been shown previously that externally added glycine betaine is accumulated in Escherichia coli in response to the external osmotic strength. Here we have shown, by using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and radiochemical methods, that E. coli growing in a glucose-mineral medium of elevated osmotic strength generated with NaCl, had the same capacity to accumulate proline betaine and glycine betaine. Its capacity to accumulate γ-butyrobetaine was, however, 40 to 50% lower. Accordingly, externally added proline betaine and glycine betaine stimulated aerobic growth of osmotically stressed cells equally well, and they were more osmoprotective than γ-butyrobetaine. In cells grown at an osmotic strength of 0.64, 1.01, or 1.47 osmolal, respectively, the molal cytoplasmic concentration of the two former betaines corresponded to 29, 38, or 58% of the external osmotic strength. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that trehalose and glutamic acid were the only species of organic osmolytes accumulated in significant amounts in cells grown under osmotic stress in glucosemineral medium without betaines. Their combined molal concentration in the cytoplasm of cells grown at 1.01 osmolal corresponded to 27% of the external osmotic strength.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 143-146 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: DNA synthesis ; Cell cycle ; Slow growth ; Escherichia coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Escherichia coli B/r/l was synchronized by a novel method and its growth was followed in a minimal salts medium containing glucose, acetate, aspartate or succinate as the sole carbon source. Thymine incorporation experiments showed agreement with the Cooper-Helmstetter model for DNA synthesis, during the division cycle, both in glucose grown culture with a doubling time 57.5 min and in acetate, aspartate and succinate where the doubling time was extended up to 90 min. The ratio C/C+D was identical or close to that predicted by the model. Prolonged growth of the synchronized cultures prior to each experiment was practised in order to ensure their physiological state without causing any considerable deterioration of synchrony.
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