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  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)  (3,786)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (4,307)
  • 1975-1979  (1,921)
  • 1982  (2,090)
  • 1980  (2,217)
  • 1975  (1,921)
Collection
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (4,307)
  • 1975-1979  (1,921)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Misorientation contrast of crystal subgrain boundaries in Berg–Barrett X-ray micrographs (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A stereographic projection method of analysis has been developed for analyzing the misorientation contrast of crystal subgrain boundaries which are observed in Berg–Barrett X-ray micrographs. The boundary appearance is described in terms of the geometry of the boundary with respect to the crystal surface, the angular misorientation of the adjacent subgrains, and the X-ray diffraction conditions. The rotation axis for the misorientation of adjacent subgrains, including the sense of the rotation, and the amount of misorientation is determined from the width and relative contrast of the boundary in various images. Experimental results are described for subgrain boundaries in zinc crystals solidified along different crystallographic growth directions. The Burgers vectors of the dislocations composing the subgrain boundary are indirectly determined by this method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009478
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of strain and lattice parameter in epitaxic layers (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 42-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A means of measuring strain and lattice parameter directly in epitaxic layers by `double-crystal' X-ray diffraction is presented. The method described has three major advantages; that it is achieved by a simple addition to a commercial goniometer; that the area of sample illuminated is defined solely by the collimator; and that single or double-crystal diffraction can be selected, simultaneously if needed, on exactly the same specimen area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009491
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A silicon powder diffraction standard reference material (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 45-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A silicon powder Standard Reference Material, SRM-640, has been prepared for use as a standard in powder diffractometry. Powder diffraction measurements were performed with a tungsten internal standard and a high-angle goniometer. The measured a/λ is 3.525176. With λ(Cu Kα1 peak) taken as 1.5405981 Å, a = 5.430880 (35) Å, uncorrected for refraction. Comparison of a with values obtained with a single-crystal from one of the boules reveals a difference of 3 parts in 105. This difference suggests a subtle systematic error in powder diffractometry or a change in lattice spacing near crystal boundaries. Use of the SRM should permit individual measurements of lattice parameters to be made reproducible to near 1 part in 105 and an absolute accuracy of at least 3 parts in 105.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009508
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The separation of displacement and substitutional disorder scattering: a correction for structure-factor ratio variation (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 111-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The assumptions in the Borie & Sparks [Acta Cryst. (1971). A27, 198–201] procedure for the separation of order- and displacement-dependent components of diffuse X-ray scattering from a binary system AB are examined with the use of the concentration deviation (spin-like) notation. The more limiting assumption, that the structure-factor ratio η = (mAfA + mBfB)/(fA−fB) is constant in reciprocal space, is shown to produce an incomplete separation for normal variations in η. A matrix-inversion method for completing the separation is suggested for those cases in which the approximate equality of the Debye–Waller factors (DWF) of the individual atomic species indicates that some terms of the scattering equation may be neglected. The extension suggested by Ramesh & Ramaseshan [Acta Cryst. (1971). A27, 569–572] that anomalous dispersion induced changes in η could be used to separate the atomic static displacement properties of the various atomic pairs is shown to require a change in η greater than the variation of η across the reciprocal-space volume. Some difficulties of obtaining such a change are pointed out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009740
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positional information in solid-solution models (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The role of positional information in determining the thermodynamics of crystalline solid solutions is considered. It is noted that, with certain exceptions (e.g.b.c.c. Fe–B), such solutions can be classified as being exclusively either substitutional or interstitial with respect to each solute. Calculation of thermodynamic properties of intersitital solutions requires knowledge of the types of sites preferentially occupied by the solute. The problem of determining that occupancy is considered for several binary systems. A cumulant expansion technique, which meets with good success in describing dilute, high-temperature, interstitial solutions, is applied to the case of high-temperature binary substitutional systems of similar metals. The technique is shown to be of limited utility in this application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009776
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scattering of X-rays by correlated defect distributions (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 127-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: It may be essential in certain cases (e.g. non-dilute alloys and dislocations) to take into account the (pair and higher-order) correlations in the defect distribution. To this end the kinematic expression for the total scattered intensity is rewritten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009818
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear local order (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 132-132 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: If the occurrence of one or two-dimensional local order in alloys or in neutron-irradiated materials has been known for many years, the observation by X-ray and neutron scattering of quasi-one-dimensional order due to displacements or correlated motions of atoms along independent chains is more recent. Examples to be discussed are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009843
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Crystallographers (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 75-75 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009612
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Tenth General Assembly and International Congress of Crystallography (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 76-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009624
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Elastic diffuse neutron scattering on Ih ice (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 128-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Structural studies showed that oxygen atoms in Ih ice are well ordered whereas hydrogen atoms are `statistically' distributed on two possible sites on each O–H–O bond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987500982X
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Diffuse scattering studies of defects in irradiated copper (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 185-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The integral Huang diffuse X-ray scattering from crystals containing small dislocation loops can be analyzed to obtain two types of information: (1) the size distribution of the loops and (2) the total number of point defects contained in the loops. This technique has been applied to copper crystals irradiated under a number of conditions of neutron irradiation flux, dose and temperature, for which loops are produced, and to selected annealing studies of these loops, with all X-ray measurements made at room temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010035
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Quantitative interpretation of X-ray line broadening of plastically deformed crystals (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 191-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Explanations for the broadening of X-ray line profiles of plastically deformed crystals in terms of the density and the distribution of the dislocations introduced during deformation are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010060
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  • 13
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    Study of the \def\lambdabar{\ifvmode\noindent\fi{\hbox{$\lambda$}\kern-0.35em\raise0.7ex\hbox{-}\kern0.2em}}\lambdabar" phase in Zr–Nb alloys by Mössbauer and X-ray diffuse scattering (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 140-140 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The ω phase transformation in Zr–Nb alloys has been studied by measuring the X-ray diffuse scattering in the (110) plane and the Mössbauer diffuse scattering along the 〈111〉 direction of separate single crystals with compositions ranging from 8 to 30% Nb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009867
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    The relation between displacive disorder, premartensitic instabilities and the martensitic transformation in β-Cu–Zn alloys (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 141-141 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A simple crystallographic approach in obtaining the final martensitic structure [3R, 1R, 2H) from the initial displacive modes is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009879
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Theory of diffuse scattering from crystals with point defects (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 142-142 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The theory of the diffuse scattering from crystals with small concentrations of point defects and small clusters is reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009909
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Analytic expressions for displacement fields of dislocation loops in anisotropic cubic crystals (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 143-143 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Analytic expressions for the dilation and the stress tensor in reciprocal space are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009910
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  • 17
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    An investigation of the nature of the -X,Z growth sector boundary in synthetic quartz (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 203-203 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The boundary between the −X and Z growth regions in synthetic quartz has been studied using X-ray topography and other techniques and it has been found that the crystal lattice remains coherent at the boundary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010151
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  • 18
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    Electron-diffraction and electron-microscopy methods for the study of ordering in crystals (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 204-204 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The diffraction of electrons is, in principle, a very sensitive probe of the relative atomic positions in ordered or disordered crystals. The full potential of electron diffraction and electron microscopy methods for the study of local atomic arrangements has not been realised because of the difficulties of conducting experiments under sufficiently well defined conditions and because of the complications introduced by the dynamical diffraction processes involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010175
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  • 19
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    Investigation of the strain field of bismuth in lead by diffuse elastic neutron scattering (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 183-183 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The diffuse elastic neutron scattering due to distortion of the Pb host lattice around Bi substitutional atoms has been measured at the HFR in Grenoble and the results discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987501000X
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Measurement of diffuse X-ray scattering between reciprocal-lattice points as a new experimental method in determining interstitial structures (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 175-183 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: For interstitials the scattering cross section between the Bragg reflections is very sensitive to the position of the defect atom and the displacements of the neighbouring lattice atoms. In contrast to this the scattering near the Bragg reflections (Huang scattering) is mainly governed by the displacement field at large distances from the defect and gives information about defect symmetry and strength [Trinkaus, H. (1972). Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 51, 307–319]. For determining structures of point defects a measurement of scattering far from reciprocal-lattice points is therefore the best suited and most direct method. X-ray measurements of point-defect scattering in this region far from reciprocal-lattice points are difficult. With conventional X-ray set-ups it is not possible to separate the defect scattering from the thermal diffuse and Compton background scattering which is up to two orders of magnitude larger in the case of typical defect concentrations of some 10−4. Such measurements, however, become possible if large X-ray sources of high luminous density are used in connexion with multidetector arrangements. As an example an experimental arrangement [Haubold, H.-G. & Schilling, W. (1975). To be published; Haubold, H.-G. (1974). Rep. Kernforschungsanlage Jülich, JUL-1090-FF] is reviewed, in which the scattering cross-section of self-interstitials in aluminium was measured in samples containing an atomic density of interstitials up to 5 × 10−4.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009983
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
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    Pseudopotential calculations of lattice distortions around impurities in simple metals (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 184-184 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Second-order pseudopotential calculations are known to reproduce fairly well the structure and phonon spectra of many simple metals. The validity of the underlying assumption of linear screening for impurities with valences and core radii close to those of the host can be checked a posteriori and by comparing calculated properties with measurements on dilute alloys, and, especially, coherent elastic neutron scattering.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010011
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  • 22
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    Theory of the scattering from crystals containing strongly distorting defect clusters (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 185-185 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Analytical methods to describe the scattering from crystals containing defect clusters with strong displacement fields are reviewed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010047
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  • 23
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    Small-angle scattering in neutron irradiated copper (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 193-194 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Work which has been started at Pelindaba on small-angle scattering in neutron irradiated copper is described.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010084
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  • 24
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    Measurement of relative void surface energies in irradiated metals by small-angle scattering (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 193-193 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Voids formed in neutron irradiated metals are faceted on various crystallographic planes. This faceting has been shown to cause significant anisotropy in the small-angle scattering pattern. It is shown that it is possible to obtain the specific void surface energies from small-angle diffuse scattering data.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010072
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  • 25
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    Studies of lattice defects using weak diffracted beams (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 224-224 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The weak-beam method of electron microscopy provides a means for studying lattice defects with greatly increased resolution compared with normal diffraction contrast techniques.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010321
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  • 26
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    Dilatation thermique du cyclopentadienyl thallium TlC5H5 entre 78 et 295 K (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 386-387 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The thermal expansion of cyclopentadienylthallium, TlC5H5, was determined in the range 78 to 295 K, using X-ray powder diffractometry. Expansion is very anisotropic: α1 = 125 ± 12, α2 = 97 ± 5, α3 = 0 ± 4 (all 10−6 K−1). Directions and ratio of the two greatest expansion coefficients: α1 and α2, are explained by considering the shortest distances Tl+–Tl|+ in this ionic structure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010746
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  • 27
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    Crystal data for some guanidinium salts (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 392-395 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Several guanidinium salts have been studied since, because they contain six hydrogen atoms per unit charge, they are likely to contain multiple hydrogen bonding systems [see e.g. Adams & Small (1974). Acta Cryst. B30, 2191–2193], which are of interest in themselves and are also likely to cause stabilization of the structure. The crystal data of a range of salts were collected and are given. Space group and approximate cell dimensions were obtained from oscillation and Weissenberg photographs. Powder diffraction data [0° to 60° (2&thgr; using Cu Kα)] were indexed and the cell parameters refined using the programs PIRUM of Werner [Program No. 1, World List of Crystallographic Computer Programs (3rd. ed.): J. Appl. Cryst. (1973). 6, 309–346] and CELFIT of Bracher [UKAEA Research Report, AERE-R5412 (1967)].
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010783
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  • 28
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    Crystal data on ortho-substituted benzaldehydes (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 397-397 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Unlike the position with negatively charged substituents, little has been done on benzaldehydes ortho-substituted with positively charged groups. This is more especially true in the field of crystallography where only the X-ray and neutron diffraction study of o-nitrobenzaldehyde has been reported [Coppens & Schmidt, Acta Cryst. (1964). 17, 222–228; Coppens, Acta Cryst. (1964). 17, 573–578]. Preliminary results of a structural investigation on Se- and Te-containing benzaldehydes are presented. The main purpose is to corroborate and to complete the conclusion of recent n.m.r. work on the conformation of these molecules [Baiwir, Llabres, Denoel & Piette, Mol. Phys. (1973). 25, 1–7]. The following compounds have been studied: C6H4.COH.TeCl, C6H4.COH.TeBr, C6H4.COH.TeI, C6H4 COH.SeCl, C6H4.COH.SeBr. The crystal structure of the second (TeBr) has been recently reported [Baiwir Llabres, Dideberg, Dupont & Piette, Acta Cryst. (1974). B30, 139–143] and the structure of the last (SeBr) is presently in the final stage of refinement.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010801
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  • 29
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    Crystallographers (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 402-402 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010837
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    Electronic absorption and internal and external vibrational data of atomic and molecular ions doped in alkali halide crystals by S. C. Jain, A. V. R. Warrier and S. K. Agarwal (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 403-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010862
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    Liquid-structure analysis by energy-scanning X-ray diffraction: mercury (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 405-414 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Quantitative liquid-structure analysis using energy-scanning diffraction rather than the traditional angle-scanning diffraction is introduced. In the experimental method, white radiation and a solid-state detector are employed. This new method is inherently faster and less beset with problems of experimental instability than are angular-scanning methods. However, many differences in analysis are introduced. In particular, measurement of the primary beam spectrum, the nature of the absorption and dispersion corrections, details of the polarization correction, the ranges of the atomic scattering factor and of the incoherent scattering term, and the mating of different scattering regimes all require special consideration. Application of the new instrumental method and the reconstructed analytical procedure to liquid mercury at room temperature has produced a result in agreement with other recent studies.
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    A new small-angle X-ray scattering facility utilizing a rotating anode, pin-hole collimation and a position-sensitive proportional counter (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 421-429 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A new small-angle X-ray scattering facility which utilizes a 6 kW rotating anode, pin-hole collimation, and a position-sensitive proportional counter has been developed. As presently constructed, the minimum scattering vector κ (= 4π sin &thgr;/2) which can be reached with Cu Kα radiation is 5 × 10−3 Å−1. Under these conditions the flux incident on the specimen has been found to be 6 × 105 photons s−1. The system has several advantages compared with traditional long-slit geometries; namely, (i) it can quantitatively measure anisotropic scattering distributions, (ii) it avoids large mathematical corrections of the data for slit-smearing effects, and (iii) it minimizes double Bragg scattering in crystalline materials and multiple diffuse scattering in amorphous or liquid materials. To illustrate the performance of this instrument, the scattering curves obtained from four widely different samples are shown. These are: polyethylene, a neutron-irradiated aluminium single-crystal containing voids, a dilute suspension of Ludox spheres, and duck tendon collagen. Quantitative comparisons of the performance with a Kratky camera and with the neutron small-angle scattering facility in Jülich are given.
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    Accurate lattice constants from multiple reflection measurements. II. Lattice constants of germanium silicon, and diamond (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 457-458 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The lattice constants of a diamond platelet and of large single, undoped, crystals of silicon and germanium have been determined from measurements of multiple diffraction patterns by the method described in Part I [Post (1975). J. Appl. Cryst. 8, 452–456]. The mean values, based on measurements of eight to twelve reflections, and their standard deviations are: diamond a = 3.566986 Å, Aa/a = 2.6 × 10−6; silicon a = 5.430941 Å, Aa/a = 2 × 10−6; germanium a = 5.657820 Å, Δa/a = 1.6 × 10−6.
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    Manganese ion site distribution studies in tourmaline by anomalous X-ray scattering methods (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 469-472 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The Mn3+ site distribution in a manganese-containing tsilaisite tourmaline sample has been determined as 46±3 wt. % in the larger Y octahedral sites and 54± 3 wt. % in the smaller Z octahedral sites. For this, a novel application of anomalous X-ray scattering techniques, in conjunction with the energy dispersive X-ray diffraction procedure, has been used. This method appears to be versatile and applicable to many different elements.
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    Absorption correction for crystals in capillary tubes (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 491-492 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An inexpensive calculation is outlined for determining those reflexions suffering large absorption errors, and for correcting those with smaller errors.
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    A very inexpensive device for collecting X-ray data below the ambient temperature (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 496-496 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    Crystallographers (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 496-497 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    X-ray investigation of copper selenides Cu2−xSe (2.00≥2-x≥1.72) (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 375-379 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The lattice parameters and the linear coefficient of the lattice thermal expansion of f.c.c. β-Cu2−xSe (1.86 ≥ 2−x ≥ 1.72) were determined by means of the Debye–Scherrer X-ray diffraction technique in the temperature range 25–336°C. The concentration and temperature dependence of the coefficient of thermal expansion are discussed. In addition the equilibrium phase diagram of the Cu–Se system in the region of a non-stoichiometric Cu2−xSe compound (2.00 ≥2−x ≥1.72) was redetermined, with special consideration of the homogeneity range of the f.c.c. β-Cu2−xSe, and compared with previously published results.
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    Crystal data for thallium germanium sulphide, Tl2GeS3 (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 391-391 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Crystals of Tl2GeS3 were grown by solidification from melts. The compound is triclinic with lattice parameters a = 8.06, b = 12.70, c = 6.76 Å, α = 96°39′, β = 93°10′, γ = 99°31′. Powder data are given.
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    Programme Fortran pour l'analyse tridimensionnelle des textures sans hypothèse restrictive sur les symétries de l'échantillon (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 589-597 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A computer program has been written in Fortran for the numerical calculation, using generalized spherical harmonics, of the texture of a sample, even when it has no symmetry. Automatically plotted pole figures, corrected and normalized, make it possible to begin to control the results. Reconstituted pole figures are plotted as a function of Cmνl. The calculations, based on the theoretical developments of Bunge [Mathematische Methoden der Texturanalyse. (1969). Berlin: Akademie Verlag] were carried out with different numerical analyses so as to reduce the size of the calculation and the time taken.
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    Determination of structure factors by white X-ray diffraction from a powder sample of GaP (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 578-581 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The white X-ray diffraction method with the use of a powder sample [Laine, Läihteenmäki & Kantola (1972). X-ray Spectrosc. 1, 93–98] was improved by paying special attention to the following four points: (i) the determination of the energy spectrum of incident white X-rays, (ii) the measurement of the energy dependence of the relative absorption coefficient, (iii) the correction for the contribution from thermal diffuse scattering, and (iv) the correction for the anomalous dispersion. The determination of the structure factors of GaP is shown as an example of its applications. The structure factors determined were compared with those obtained by the usual angle dispersive method with monochromated X-rays on the same sample. It is shown that these two sets of structure factors mostly agree within the limit of reproducibility.
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    An analysis of errors in the Fourier coefficients of the α1 line profile (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 612-614 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The errors in the Fourier coefficients of the α1 component obtained by α2 elimination are investigated analytically. The effects of counting statistics, of an incorrect intensity ratio of the α1 and α2 components and of an incorrect doublet separation are calculated. The mean-square error in the Fourier coefficient caused by counting statistics is a periodic function of the harmonic number, while errors in the intensity ratio and in the doublet separation primarily affect the first Fourier coefficients. The results are confirmed by computer simulations and by computations with experimental line profiles. The α2 elimination methods assume a perfect shape identity of the α1 and α2 components, but this assumption is not completely justified. Deviations might be interpreted as local errors in the doublet separation and the intensity ratio.
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    Textures of cold-rolled pure aluminum measured by neutron and X-ray diffraction (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 628-635 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The textures of undirectionally and reversed rolled aluminium sheets were measured using thermal neutrons and Cu and Mo Kα radiation. The samples for the X-ray measurements were prepared in three different ways so that the degree of correspondence between textures as measured with neutrons and X-rays could be investigated. It is shown that agreement can be achieved if the X-rays used penetrate sufficiently into the sample and if a composite type sample is used.
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    Al2SiO5, Al2GeO5 and Cr2GeO5 kyanites: X-ray powder data and infrared absorption spectra (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 329-332 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Kyanite phases Al2SiO5 (I), Al2GeO5 (II) and Cr2GeO5 (III) were synthesized at 20 kb/1000°C (I, II) and at 1 atm/1150°C (III). Powder X-ray patterns for II and III are presented in comparison with that of I. Triclinic lattice constants are a0 = 7.127 (7.253, 7.422), b0 = 7.858 (8.011, 8.244), c0 = 5.570 (5.649, 5.815) Å, α = 89.99 (89.97, 90.58), β = 101.22 (101.23, 101.10), γ = 106.04 (106.05, 106.01)°, and V0 = 293.6 (308.9, 339.9) Å3 for the kyanite phases I (II, III, respectively). Infrared absorption spectra of I (II, III) were measured between 1400 and 200 cm−1. Band shifts produced by the isomorphous substitutions allow tentative band assignments of the Al2SiO5-kyanite spectrum: 1032, 1009, 940 cm−1 ν3 (SiO4); 898 cm−1 ν1 (SiO4); 720, 438 cm−1 ν4, ν2 (SiO4) ?; banes between 674 and 505 cm−1 and at 467 cm−1 are mainly due to octahedral Al–O vibrations.
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    Die Mineralfunde der Schweiz by R. L. Parker (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 343-344 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    Notes and News (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 343-343 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Méthode du faisceau convergent: application à la sélection et à l'étude de cristaux polytypiques (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 352-355 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An attractive use of a convergent-beam camera is described. Its advantages, with respect to classical methods, are pointed out. The short exposure time provided by this device is very useful in the selection and detailed study of polytypic crystals. Some X-ray photographs obtained from a titanium sulphide polytypic crystal are displayed.
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    Méthode d'analyse du profil de bande produite par des feuillets diffractants ayant une forme anisométrique (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 365-371 
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    Notes: Solids characterized by lamellar structure are often made from ribbon or lath-shaped sheets. Such a morphology has been observed in phyllosilicates (hectorite or nontronite, for example) and in carbon fibres. This contribution aims to show that elongated planar sheets can be detected from the profile of the X-ray diffraction bands yielded by the powdered solid. The numerical technique originally developed by Brindley & Méring [Acta Cryst. (1951). 4, 441–447] for isometric layers, has been extended to ribbon or lath-shaped elementary layers. An example of application is given when the sheet is a carbon layer.
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    Etude par diffraction des rayons X sur poudre de la transition ordre–désordre du ferrocène Fe(C5H5)2 (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 380-385 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: About fifty X-ray powder diagrams were recorded in the range 15 to 295 K, by means of a prototype diffractometer and a high-efficiency cryostat, so that a very precise study of the anisotropic structural evolution of ferrocene could be made. The cell parameters and volume have been computed. These parameters present a discontinuity at 164 K; the cell is triclinic below and monoclinic above this temperature. The transition is first order. The principal thermal expansion coefficients have been computed and their evolution, in terms of temperature, has been related to the anisotropic change of the intermolecular contacts in the crystal. Assumptions about the mechanism of transition and about the ferrocene configuration in the ordered phase are expressed.
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    Precession photography: orienting crystals by means of the stereographic projection (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 388-389 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A graphical construction on the Wulff net permits corrections on both arcs and the dial to be determined even if neither of the arcs is parallel to the film and/or the outer arc reading is large. The procedure requires that the orientation errors be multiplied by an arbitrary common factor smaller than ten, while the biggest multiplied error should be less than ten degrees: the corrections are obtained graphically and divided by the factor. Corrections thus obtained are within 10% of their true values.
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    Synthesè et données cristallographiques de trois polymolybdates de thallium I (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 398-400 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Tl2Mo7O22 is monoclinic with space groupe C2/c or Cc and with a = 20,512 (6); b = 5,526 (2); c = 19,460 (6) Å; β = 125,20 (3)°: Z = 4. Tl2Mo4O13 is orthorhombic with space group Pbca and with a = 7,583 (3); b = 15,409 (3); c = 18,798 (3) Å; Z = 8. Tl7Mo2O7 is monoclinic with a = 8,427 (2); b = 5,690 (2); c = 7,935 (2) Å; β = 108,90 (2)°; Z = 2. The indexed powder diagrams are given.
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    Acta Crystallographica and Journals of Applied Crystallography (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 402-402 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Silicon carbide – 1973. (Proceddings of the Third International Conference, Florida, 1973) edited by R. C. Marshall, J. W. Faust Jr and C. E. Ryan (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 403-403 
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    Crystal data and structural relation between Pb6GeO8.Pb11Ge3O17 and PbO (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 307-310 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Transparent yellow-greenish single crystals of Pb6GeO8 were obtained by spontaneous crystallization from a melt with a molar ratio of PbO:GeO2 = 4.7:1. The compound is monoclinic, probable space group P21/a, a = 52.665 (12), b = 15.063 (4), c = 23.949 (6) Å and β = 111.03 (5)°; Dm(293 K) = 8.65 (3), Dx = 8.653 Mg m−3 for Z = 64 formula units. Pb11Ge3O17 was synthesized by sintering high-purity oxides PbO and GeO2 of molar ratio 3.69:1 at 990 K. The compound is also monoclinic, probable space groups C2/c or Cc, a = 25.117 (5), b = 15.440 (2), c = 45.529 (13) Å and β = 103.20 (4)°; Dm(293 K) = 8.55 (2), Dx = 8.560 Mg m−3 for Z = 32.
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    Crystal data for AgGaxIn1−xSe2 and CuGaxIn1−xSe2 (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 311-315 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Series of chalcopyrite-type solid solutions AgGaxIn1−xSe2 and CuGaxIn1−xSe2, 0≤x≤1, have been prepared by direct synthesis from the melt. The space group is I\bar 42d (No. 122), Z = 4. The unit-cell parameters a and c and the ratio c/a change linearly with x. Powder data at 298 K are given for AgGaSe2, AgGa0.80In0.20Se2, AgGa0.70In0.30Se2, AgGa0.40In0.60Se2, AgGa0.20In0.80Se2 and AgInSe2, and for CuGaSe2, CuGa0.60In0.40Se2, CuGa0.30In0.70Se2 and CuInSe2.
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    Commission on Crystallographic Apparatus. Microdensitometer Project report I. Inter-Experimental Agreement (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 318-337 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Longer filament lifetimes for rotating-anode X-ray machines using a beam-deflecting magnet (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 338-339 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: If the length of the focal spot is increased while the width remains constant, X-ray output can be increased without changing the specific loading on the anode.
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    An impurity-doped crystal plate as an X-ray monochromator (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 391-394 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: To increase the integrated reflexion intensity of a monochromating crystal, the strain distributed due to impurity introduction can be utilized and, compared with conventional mechanical processing, can be a more controllable method. From this viewpoint, numerical computations on the dynamical diffraction theory for distorted crystals have been performed for the 220 reflexion of Cu Kα X-rays by Si crystals with several different strain distributions; the one changing linearly with depth from −10−3 at the surface to zero at 28 μm depth gives the maximum integrated intensity within the restriction that the full width of the intensity profile is 100′′. The integrated intensity in this case is 5.3 and 4.5 times as strong as that of a perfect crystal plate for σ and π polarizations respectively. It is more enhanced for shorter wavelengths, e.g. nine times for Mo Kα. In addition, that intensity profiles for distributed strains are cut sharply at both ends is certainly favourable for the purpose of monochromating white X-rays. A preliminary experiment with an intentionally processed sample showed a fourfold intensity increase for a σ-polarized Cu Kα line with a full width of 80′′.
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    Notes and News (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 401-401 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    Appareil de microdéformation à chaud pour topographie aux rayons X. Application à des bicristaux de germanium (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 88-92 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The device described here has been designed to perform microcreep experiments and, simultaneously, to get X-ray topographic images of the sample. Such dynamic experiments are now possible with white synchrotron radiation (LURE-DCI Orsay). The sample material, germanium, is hard to machine; so a simple shape was chosen (rectangular platelet 20 × 5 × 0–2 mm). The grip system is quite simple and the whole assembly is compact enough to be adapted to fit a standard goniometer head. Temperatures as high as 923 K in air and forces up to few tens of Newtons can be reached. The first experiments on Ge bicrystals have shown the device to perform as expected.
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    Assessment of synchrotron electron-beam damage in diamond by optical, cathodoluminescence and X-ray topographic methods (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 78-87 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A polished plate of type Ia natural diamond, containing regions which had been bombarded by electrons of energy between 2.0 and 4.5 GeV to total doses of 1̃024 electrons m−2 in polarized-photon production experiments, was examined, both before and after annealing at 1133 K for 8 h, using birefringence, cathodoluminescence photography and spectroscopy, X-ray topography and a novel method for mapping differences of interplanar spacing; `dilatation topography'. The annealing effected some reduction of overall strain, but it also generated an enhancement of diffraction contrast and cathodoluminescence at certain grown-in defects that the specimen contained. By means of dilatation topographs, interplanar spacings in a region of maximum electron-beam damage were compared with those in least-damaged regions some millimetres away. In the case of (110) planes that had been grazed by the electron beam, the maximum relative expansion, Δd/d, in damaged regions so found was reduced from 1.2 × 10−3 to 0.9 × 10−3 by the annealing. Evidence was obtained that the magnitude of expansion in the region of maximum damage was dependent upon crystallographic direction. Criteria are suggested for selection of diamonds to be used in polarized-photon production experiments.
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    Crystal data for two kinds of molecular alloys between sebacic and dodecanedioic acids (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 93-95 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Cell data for monoclinic sebacic acid COOH(CH2)8COOH, C10H18O4, and dodecanedioic acid COOH(CH2)10COOH, C12 H22O4, are accurately given: (C10) a = 15.064 (6), b = 4.987 (4), c = 10.142 (6) Å, β = 133.14 (5)°; (C12) a = 17.594 (8), b = 4.933 (3), c = 10.174 (5) Å, β = 132.35 (3)°. It is shown that crystallographic data for molecular alloys [C10]x[C12]1 −x are significantly different for those prepared by fusion (m.a.f.) and those by sublimation (m.a.s.). X-ray powder data are given for the two series of solid solutions.
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    Crystal data for hexamethylenetetraselenafulvalene-perfluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 95-96 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The cell constants for the title compound, HMTSFT–CNQ4, (C12F4N4).(C12H12Se4), M.W. 748.21, were determined from a single crystal exposed on a Syntex P{\bar 1} automated diffractometer and then refined from precision powder data with Cr Kα1 (2.28962 Å): a = 21.906 (5), b = 12.918 (3), c = 4.0184 (10) Å and β = 91.658 (10)°; U = 1136.7 Å3, Z = 2, space group C2/m; Dc = 2.186 Mg m−3.
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    A goniometer for the measurement of stresses in single crystals and coarse-grained specimens (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 128-131 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A &psgr;-φ goniometer with two axes of rotation, driven by stepping motors, was designed as an attachment for a horizontal &thgr;/2&thgr; goniometer. By means of this arrangement it is possible to measure strains and compute stresses in single crystals and in separate crystals of a bicrystal or a coarse-grained polycrystalline specimen. The available rotations also make it possible to investigate residual macrostresses and textures in polycrystalline specimens. Results of the test measurements on a tensile specimen of a molybdenum single-crystal are given.
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    The correlation function, intersect distribution and scattering from a cube (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 132-134 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A calculation of γ(r), the correlation function which gives the X-ray scattering of a cubic object of uniform density, is given for the full range of r. A new method, which can be applied to other systems, is used. The function γ(r) and its first derivative are everywhere continuous, but γ′′(r) is discontinuous at r = L and r = L□2 (L = cube edge length). This leads to an intersect distribution of unexpected shape. The scattering intensity as a function of angle is calculated by Fourier inversion of γ(r).
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    Experimental separation of the coherent component of X-ray scattering prior to RDF analysis of non-crystalline polymers (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 135-140 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An experimental method is described which enables the inelastically scattered X-ray component to be removed from diffractometer data prior to radial density function analysis. At each scattering angle an energy spectrum is generated from a Si(Li) detector combined with a multi-channel analyser from which the coherently scattered component is separated. The data obtained from organic polymers has an improved signal/noise ratio at high values of scattering angle, and a commensurate enhancement of resolution of the RDF at low r is demonstrated for the case of PMMA (ICI `Perspex'). The method obviates the need for the complicated correction for multiple scattering.
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    Calcul du Profil des bandes de diffraction produites par des empilements de feuillets de nature différente (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 148-153 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Until now, the calculation of intensities diffracted by layer structures has only been treated in the two extreme cases, namely (i) the layers interfere completely and (ii) the layers do not interfere (turbostratic structures). The present paper develops the mathematical treatment which allows the calculation in the intermediate case, namely when layers are only partially interfering.
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    Circular diffuse scattering from a niobium tungsten bronze, 3Nb2O5.8WO3, studied by 1 MV higher-resolution electron microscopy (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 141-147 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A niobium tungsten bronze crystal with a nominal composition 3 Nb2O5.8WO3 gives circular diffuse scattering in the electron diffraction pattern. The diffuse rings change shape and size when the crystal is reduced at high temperature. The observations are explained by improving the cluster model proposed by De Ridder, Van Tendeloo, Van Dyck & Amelinckx [Phys. Status Solidi A (1977), 41, 555–560]; the present clusters are composed of nine pentagonal-tunnel sites. The 1 MV high-resolution electron microscope images reveal that the clusters have several different atomic arrangements and compositions. The relation between the clusters and the micro-domains, formed in the initial stage of long-range ordering, is clarified.
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    An assessment of the performance of a diffracted-beam monochromator in single-crystal diffractometry (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 163-167 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Analysis of Bragg X-ray intensities collected on a single-crystal diffractometer with a pyrolitic graphite monochromator in the diffracted beam has revealed small systematic errors which are a consequence of the necessarily large illuminated area of monochromator crystal.
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    Small-angle X-ray scattering from solutions of flow-oriented colloidal particles (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 154-162 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The amount of information which can be obtained from a small-angle X-ray experiment can be considerably increased by orienting the solute particles with external forces during the scattering experiment. In this paper it is shown that orientation by flow, for instance through a capillary tube, gives additional information about size, shape, flexibility and rotational diffusion of the particles. The only requirement, in order to obtain flow-oriented samples, is that the solute particles must be relatively large and asymmetric. On the other hand, if the scattering curve is dependent on the flow rate through the capillary, it can immediately be concluded that the solute particles are asymmetric (or they are deformed in the hydrodynamic field). Equations describing the relationship between flow rate, molecular shape and scattered intensity are given, and theoretical intensity patterns for some representative cases are presented. It follows that there is a fundamental difference in scattering patterns for oblate and prolate ellipsoids of revolution. This difference can be used to differentiate between these two cases. Some experimental results obtained using inorganic model colloids are presented.
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    Small-angle scattering. Information content and error analysis (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 168-175 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An analysis of the small-angle scattering problem based on Shannon sampling is presented. It is shown that this approach leads to an accurate assessment of the information contained in a given data set and rigorous estimates of the errors inherent in the parameters derived therefrom.
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    Fundamentals of crystal growth 1 by F. Rosenberger (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 401-402 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    A method of determining cubic parameters suited to the conditions of high- and low-temperature powder diffractometry (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 5-14 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A method of measuring accurate cubic lattice parameters is developed which is suited to the type of conditions encountered in high- and low-temperature powder diffractometry. This is based on the fact that the absolute Bragg angle of each line in an indexed cubic diffraction pattern can be determined from a knowledge of the differences in angles between lines. Accurate zero-angle alignment, therefore, is unnecessary. Furthermore, it is shown that the peak or centroid shift of the line profiles arising from the instrumental and physical aberrations can be determined directly from the measured angular data without assuming a specific angular dependence. In practice the accuracy of the method is of the order of 0.0002 Å for a lattice parameter of approximately 8 Å.
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    Diffraction line profiles and Scherrer constants for materials with cylindrical crystallites (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 20-26 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Calculations of diffraction line profiles and Scherrer constants for crystallites whose external shape has cubic symmetry are extended to crystallites of cylindrical shape. The analysis includes the limiting cases of acicular crystals and disks and, to a reasonable degree of approximation in many cases, to hexagonal prisms. These shapes have applications in size determination for materials which form prismatic crystallites, particularly those which belong to the hexagonal system or have been derived from substances with this symmetry.
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    X-ray line profile analysis of deformed Al (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 35-38 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The Warren–Averbach profile analysis was modified to study the deformed state of Al. The X-ray diffraction effect of dislocations locating on cell boundaries may be treated as `size broadening', while that of dislocations inside cells is `strain broadening', which may be treated with Wilkens's theory. X-ray Debye profile measurement was performed on deformed, recovered and annealed samples of commercial pure Al. Some information concerning the dislocation glide systems and distribution as well as the differences between the deformed and recovered state were given by the Debye profile analysis. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by other authors, which prove the reliability and correctness of the method.
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    An improved EXAFS-function calculation procedure for materials with small interatomic separation (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 39-47 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The extended structure of the Pt L3 X-ray absorption edge for some platinum compounds was measured and Fourier inverted. It is shown that the way in which the contribution of the isolated atom is subtracted from the absorption spectrum may influence the shape of the first peak in the Fourier transform and possibly lead to erroneous structural interpretations concerning the first-neighbour shell of the absorbing atom. These errors are the more important the smaller the separation between the absorbing atom and its nearest neighbours. An improved method of subtraction of the isolated-atom absorption is proposed and checked.
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    An X-ray film powder profile refinement of the crystal structure of Ta5P3 (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 605-607 
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    Notes: The crystal structure of Ta5P3 has been refined from Guinier–Hägg X-ray powder film data [Malmros & Thomas (1977). J. Appl. Cryst. 10, 7–11] using positional parameters from its structural isomorph Nb5P3 as starting values. The space group is orthorhombic Pnma (No. 62), with refined cell parameters a = 25.3210 (4), b = 3.4013 (1), c = 11.4614 (2) Å, V = 987.12 (5) Å3 and Z = 4. Final R = 4.9% [comparable with the R(F) of single-crystal work]. The structure exhibits the triangular prismatic Ta coordination about the P atoms and the dense packing of the Ta atoms, both familiar in many metal-rich phases formed between transition metals and non-metals of type P, As, S and Se.
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    The space group of γ-In2Se3 and γ1-(GaxIn1−x)2Se3: erratum (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 611-611 
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    Notes: In the paper Revised and new crystal data for indium selenides by Popovic, Tonejc, Grzeta-Plenkovic, Celustka & Trojko [J. Appl. Cryst. (1979), 12, 416–420] it was concluded that P6122 or P6522 was the probable space group of the second high-temperature, γ, phase of In2Se3. Also, in the paper Phases, lattice parameters and thermal expansion of (GaxIn1−x)2Se3, 1 ≥ x ≥ 0, between room temperature and melting point by Tonejc, Popovic & Grzeta-Plenkovic [J. Appl. Cryst. (1980), 13, 24– 30] the same space groups were suggested for the phase γ1, existing in the In-rich region. However, the space group in both cases should be P61 or P65. This is in agreement with the work of Likforman, Carré & Hillel [Acta Cryst. (1978), B34, 1 5] who solved the crystal structure of one of the forms of In2Se3, and with the work of Schulte-Kellinghaus & Krämer [Acta Cryst. (1979), B35, 3016 3017] who solved the crystal structure of AlInS3. Likforman, Carré & Hillel [Acta Cryst. (1978), B34, 1 5] call their phase the low-temperature form of In2Se3.
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    Characterization of Brazilian high-ash coals by small-angle X-ray diffraction methods (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 251-254 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Changes in the microporosity of several types of Brazilian high-ash coals have been analyzed by small-angle X-ray scattering as a function of thermal treatment. Pore size, determined using Guinier plots, decreased following thermal treatment of the samples. The modification of porosity induced by thermal treatment was similar for high-ash and low-ash coals, from which it may be inferred that mineral content is not a determining factor in the process of pore formation. Internal surface area for the samples was calculated with SAXS data. A correlation is established between the internal surface area values obtained and the carbon content and heat-treatment temperatures of the samples.
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    Etude des composés à chaînes aliphatiques. I. Synthèse et caractérisation cristallographique des bis(n-alcanoates) de pipérazinium, 2[CxH2x−1O2−].[C4H12N22+] (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 279-281 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Crystal data for the series of piperazinium bis(n-alkanoates) of the type 2[CxH2x − 1O2−] [C4H12N22+] for x = 1 to 16 are presented. Most of these compounds have triclinic unit cells whose dimensions, obtained from single-crystal work, have been used to index their powder diagrams. The a ({\bar a} = 5.718 Å) and b ({\bar b} = 7.481 Å) cell dimensions remain nearly constant while the c dimension and the volume of the unit cell increase linearly with x, the number of carbon atoms in the alkanoate anion. Presumably the aliphatic sequence in the alkanoate anion adopts the fully extended conformation and lies in the bc plane and nearly along the c direction.
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    Thermal expansion of α-HgI2 (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 461-462 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Lattice-constant thermal expansions, Δa/a and Δc/c, have been measured on α-HgI2 single crystals from 293 K up to the red-to-yellow transition temperature. The curves Δa/a(T) and Δc/c(T) are linear. The thermal expansion coefficients are determined: α[100] = (1.0 ± 0.1) × 10−5 K−1 and α[001] = (4.6 ± 0.1) × 10−5 K−1. No evidence of a red-to-orange phase transition could be found.
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  • 82
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    Structural ordering in amorphous TbFe2 and YFe2 (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 452-460 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Total neutron scattering data were collected on sputtered YFe2 at 298 K and TbFe2 at 423 K with a wavelength of 0.7 Å. The TbFe2 data were collected above the magnetic ordering temperature of 383 K. In addition, the elastic neutron scattering of TbFe2 was measured with the use of a pyrolytic graphite analyzer at a wavelength of 1.5 Å, and its total X-ray scattering was measured with Mo radiation and a silicon-lithium drifted detector. Experimental radial distribution functions, with statistical error limits, were calculated. Errors due to an incorrect background, scaling of the data and termination effects were minimized. The scale and shape of the experimental background and the coordination numbers, internuclear distances and disorder parameters, for the first six coordination spheres, have been determined. The contribution of paramagnetic inelastic scattering from TbFe2 to the total neutron scattering is quite appreciable. The shape of the background scattering, which goes through a maximum, is indicative of residual coherence and suggests short-range magnetic ordering where neighboring atom spins are aligned. These effects are not observed in YFe2, nor in the elastic TbFe2 data. The metallic glasses have a structural topology which is quite different from that found in their crystalline analogues. The transition-metal substructure, consisting of corner-sharing tetrahedra, is the only aspect of the crystalline topology preserved in the amorphous phase. The structural parameters suggest a tendency of the rare-earth atoms to cluster, thereby decreasing the number of Fe nearest neighbors relative to the crystalline structure.
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  • 83
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    A new CeO2 form obtained as oxidation product of CeO2+SiO2-doped hot-pressed silicon nitride (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 55-59 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: By using data from the Wallace & Ward [J. Appl. Cryst. (1975), 8, 255–260] cylindrical texture camera integrated with other traditional X-ray powder film techniques for very low and very high diffraction angles, a new high-temperature modification of CeO2 was identified and indexed resulting in a trigonal or hexagonal unit cell with a = 8.36(2) and c = 10.42(2) Å, (axial ratio 1.264) and Z = 16. The new phase is an oxidation product of CeO2-doped hot-pressed silicon nitride. It can be quenched to room temperature under appropriate conditions. Its stability on reheating is strictly related to its interaction with the silicate phase.
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  • 84
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    A simple method for the determination of structure-factor phase relationships and crystal polarity using electron diffraction (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 60-64 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Multiple electron scattering between weak beams has been used as the basis for a simple method to determine the absolute polarity of some non-centrosymmetric crystals. For crystals with the sphalerite structure many orientations have been found in which small departures from centrosymmetry produce large effects on the convergent-beam diffraction patterns (microdiffraction). The effects are reasonably independent of thickness and so can be analyzed qualitatively without the use of computers.
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  • 85
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    A novel method for indexing multiple diffraction peaks (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 570-571 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method is proposed for unambiguously indexing X-ray multiple diffraction patterns obtained with irregularly shaped crystals on a four-circle diffractometer. The method is derived from the orientation matrix together with the operation of crystal rotation. It is shown that this method facilitates the procedures in the experimental method for phase determination.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012606
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  • 86
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    Crystal data for the fluoroalleghanyite series nMn2SiO4MnF2(1,n〈4) (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 574-576 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Unit-cell constants for synthetic fluoroalleghanyite compounds have been determined by the refinement of X-ray powder diffraction data. Manganese norbergite: Pbnm, a = 4.862(2), b = 10.797(3), c = 9.188(2) Å, U = 482.4(4) Å3, Z = 4; alleghanyite: P21/b, a = 4.871(2), b = 10.818(6), c = 8.206(5) Å, α = 108.58(5)°, U = 414.1(7) Å3, Z = 2; manganhumite: Pbnm, a = 4.888 (2), b = 10.712(2), c = 21.749(6), U = 1138.8(5) Å3, Z = 4; sonolite: P21/b, a = 4.889(1), b = 10.668(3), c = 14.239(5), α = 100.83(5)°, U = 731.9(5) Å3, Z = 2. The JCPDS Powder Diffraction File numbers are: for manganese norbergerite 33–1500; for alleghanyite 33–1499; for manganhumite 33–1498; for sonolite 33–1497.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 87
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    A systematic method for aligning double-focusing mirrors (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 577-577 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012643
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  • 88
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    Notes and News (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 577-578 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012667
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  • 89
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    Mössbauer spectroscopy and its chemical applications edited by J. G. Stevens and G. K. Shenoy (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 579-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012680
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  • 90
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    Neutron transmutation doped silicon edited by J. Guldberg (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 579-580 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012709
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  • 91
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    Crystal data for a new family of phases, Li3Mg2XO6:X=Nb, Ta, Sb (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 116-119 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Three members of a new family of phases, Li3Mg2XO6: X = Nb, Ta, Sb, have been prepared by solid-state reaction of MgO and Li3XO4. Unit-cell parameters of Li3Mg2TaO6 determined by electron diffraction and refined by X-ray powder diffraction are a = 8.883(2), b = 5.802(2), c = 17.437(6) Å, with space group Fddd; z = 8. Powder diffraction data of Li3Mg2NbO6 and Li3Mg2SbO6 were indexed by analogy with those of Li3Mg2TaO6 and unit-cell dimensions obtained by least-squares refinement: Li3Mg2NbO6 a = 8.552(2), b = 5.897(1), c = 17.721(5) Å; Li3Mg2SbO6 a = 8.614 (1), b = 5.908(1), c = 17.759(5) Å.
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  • 92
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    Etude cristallographique de la phase de transition M'' dans Al–8%Zn–1%Mg (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 590-593 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The structure of the transition phase M′ in AlZnMg alloys has been studied by Buerger X-ray precession photographs and transmission electron microscopy. The M′ phase, also called η′ or R, has a hexagonal or pseudo-hexagonal cell with a = 4.96, c = 14.03 Å. It is confirmed that M′ precipitates are hexagonal platelets with the following epitaxy: (00.1)M′//(111)Al and |10.0|M′//1{\bar 1}0|Al. It is shown that none of the known models of the unit cell accounts for the observed scattered intensities.
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  • 93
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    Accurate separation of X-ray α1–α2 doublets by the `substitution method' (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 602-604 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An improved `substitution method' for the separation of X-ray diffraction α1−α2 doublets is based on the possibility of refining both the proportionality constant between the α1 and α2 contributions to the line intensity and the doublet separation expressed in terms of the diffraction angle or of a related variable in the reciprocal space. Optimization of these two parameters, with a proper evaluation of the error, clearly shows the statistical nature of the oscillations appearing on the high-angle side of the pure α1 component after correction; their elimination by polynomial smoothing can therefore be performed and a procedure is suggested for achieving this result. A computer program, based on these principles, has been written and tested in many practical cases.
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  • 94
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    Time-of-flight neutron small-angle scattering from a superconducting composite wire (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 611-614 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The precipitation behavior in the Ti–27at.%Nb–6at.%Ta–6at.%Zr alloy aged at 643 K was examined by means of time-of-flight neutron small-angle scattering. When the alloy was aged, fine-scale α precipitates appeared. During the precipitation process, each precipitate grew in size, but the total number of precipitates remained nearly constant up to 1 Ms of ageing. The increase of critical superconducting current density could be connected with increasing size of α precipitates. The specimen for the measurements consisted of a composite containing 3721 filaments in a copper matrix. The use of neutrons was shown to give great advantages for the investigation of precipitation phenomena.
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  • 95
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    Ultra-high-vacuum heating camera for in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray topographic studies: erratum (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 632-632 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The wrong original was used for Fig. 6(b) of Gastaldi, Jourdan, Marzo, Allasia & Jullien [J. Appl. Cryst. (1982), 15, 391–395]. The correct version of Fig. 6(b) is given. In Fig. 6(c) the growth time increases from right to left.
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  • 96
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    Crystal data for high-temperature dicalcium lead propionate, Ca2Pb(CH3CH2COO)6 (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 635-636 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The high-temperature paraelectric phase of dicalcium lead propionate, DCLP, at 363 ± 5 K is tetragonal, with a = 12.574 (6), c = 17.403 (9) Å, V = 2751.4 Å3, Z = 4 and corresponds to the space group P41212 (or P43212). The thermal expansion curve shows the transition somewhere between 328 and 343 K.
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    Crystallographers (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 638-638 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 98
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    Prices of Acta Crystallographica and Journal of Applied Crystallography (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 638-639 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012862
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  • 99
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    Notes and News (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 639-639 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012874
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  • 100
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    Current Crystallographic Books 1970 through 1981 (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 640-676 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012898
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