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  • Chemistry  (12,109)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (886)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (769)
  • Animals
  • 1975-1979  (14,139)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1979  (7,929)
  • 1975  (6,210)
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  • 1975-1979  (14,139)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 35-35 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress Intensity Factors in the Neighbourhood of a Circular Hole and their Influence on Crack Behavior.A photoelastic method was developed to determine the stress intensity factors KI and KII for cracks subjected to mixed-mode loading. The constants in the near field expansion about the crack tip were computed using a non-linear optimization program to give a best fit to the observed isochromatics. Copying the latter onto an equal density film increased their sharpness and, thus, the accuracy of the determination. The method was applied to cracks lying perpendicular to the external stress near a circular hole in a plate under uniaxial tension and the results used to describe the paths of cracks in the neighbourhood of a hole.
    Notes: Es wurden Modellexperimente durchgeführt, um den Einfluß von Inhomogenitäten - wie etwa Poren oder Einschlüsse - auf das Bruchverhalten unter statischer Belastung zu untersuchen. Änderungen der Ausbreitungsrichtung eines Risses, verursacht durch die Wechselwirkung mit einem Kreisloch in einer einachsig belasteten Platte, wurden gemessen. Zum Verständnis der beobachteten Abweichungen wurden die Spannungsfaktoren KI und KII eines Risses in der Nähe eines Kreisloches in einer Platte spannungsoptisch bestimmt. Hierzu wurden die Isochromaten um eine Rißspitze durch Verwendung eines Äquidensitenfilmes photographisch verschärft und die erhaltenen Linien durch ein nicht-lineares Optimierungsprogramm an die Nahfeld-Lösung der Spannungsverteilung um eine Rißspitze angepaßt.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experience with Water Heaters of Stainless Steel.Different stainless steels and their importance in the construction of domestic water heaters. Types of corrosion and their importance in water heating practice. Important aspects for manufacture. Experience gained with stainless steel water heaters.
    Notes: Die verschiedenen nichrtrostenden Stähle und ihre Bedeutung für den Bau von Warmwasserbereitern. Korrosionsarten bei nichtrostenden Stählen und ihre Bedeutung im Zusammenhang mit der Warmwasserbereitung. Wichtige Gesichtspunkte für die Fertigung. Bisherige praktische Erfahrungen mit Warmwasserbereitern aus nichtrostendem Stahl.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 70-72 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 95-108 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Concerning Investigation of Internal Electrodeposition Stress and Residual Internal Stress in Electrodeposited Nickel Coatings by Spiral Contractometer and “Strip Dilatometer” Methods.For assessing the affect of material and plating conditions on internal stress in electrodeposited coatings and its influence on material strength of plated parts it is better knowing internal stress in thin, just deposited layers (while plating process continuous) and also the course of internal stress in the coating (after plating has been finished) instead of investigating an average stress in the coating. In order to get this more substantial information on internal stresses in electrodeposited coatings a deposition model - gradual composition of the coating - and stress calculation methods were developed for Spiral Contractometer and “Strip Dilatometer”. Both methods were applied on measurements in a Watts-Nickel electrolyte.
    Notes: Für die Beurteilung werkstoff- und abscheidungsbedingter Eigenspannungszustände in galvanischen Schichten und ihres Einflusses auf Festigkeitseigenschaften beschichteter Bauteile ist es vorteilhaft, statt der mittleren Schichteigenspannungen erstens kontinuierlich über dem Schichtwachstum die Eigenspannungen dünner Schichtinkremente zu ermitteln und zweitens den Verlauf der - nach beendeter Abscheidung - tatsächlich über der Schichtdicke wirkenden Eigenspannungen zu bestimmen. Um diese differenzierte Aussage über Eigenspannungen in galvanischen Schichten zu erhalten, wurden anhand eines Abscheidungsmodells - schrittweiser Aufbau der Schicht - Rechenverfahren für Messungen mit dem Spiralkontraktometer und dem Streifendehnungsmeßgerät entwickelt und an Nickelschichten aus dem Watts-Bad praktisch erprobt.
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  • 8
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 52-54 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experimental Investigation of the Statistical Size-Effect in Fatigue Tests with Unnotched Specimens.In constant-load-fatigue-tests with unnotched specimens of different lengths, the statistical effect of specimen's size in probability of lifetime to fracture was determined.
    Notes: Im einstufigen Dauerschwingversuch an ungekerbten Proben mit unterschiedlichen Meßlängen konnte der statistische Einfluß der Probengröße auf deren Bruchwahrscheinlichkeit experimentell nachgewiesen werden.
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  • 11
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 58-66 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Manufacture and Properties of Electrolytic Copper Powder.The scope of this paper is a survey of manufacturing of electrolytic copper powders at Norddeutsche Affinerie, Hamburg. A general description of the process is followed by:1. Possibilities of controlled adjustment of electrolytic deposition process.2. Typical data of the as-deposited copper powders.3. Processing to powders exhibiting properties well suited for industrial applications, especially for carbon brushes, friction materials and sintered parts.
    Notes: Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über die Herstellung von Elektrolyt-Kupferpulvern dei der Norddeutschen Affinerie, Hamburg. Im Anschluß an eine allgemeine Verfahrensbeschreibung werden behandelt:1. Möglichkeiten zur gezielten Steuerung des elektrolytischen Abscheideprozesses.2. Kennwerte der primär abgeschiedenen Kupferpulver.3. Aufarbeitung zu Pulvern, die für industrielle Anwendungen-insbesondere Kohlebürsten, Reibwerkstoffe und Sinterteile - geeignete Kennwerte aufweisen.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 153-156 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Quantitative holographic testing of fibre reinforced plastic components of spacecrafts.The quantitative evaluation of holographic interferograms lead to an exact determination of displacements and deformations of arbitrary shaped objects. The measurements can be carried out in the range of about 0 to 100 μm with an accuracy of ± 0,05 μm. The application of this method is reported for the case of spacecraft components under thermal and mechanical load.
    Notes: Die quantitative Auswertung holographischer Interferogramme erlaubt eine exakte Bestimmung von Verschiebungen und Verformungen an beliebig geformten Objekten. Die Messungen im Bereich von ca. 0 bis 100 μm können dabei mit einer Genauigkeit von ± 0,05 μm durchgeführt werden. Es wird über die Anwendung dieses Verfahrens auf einige Bauteile aus der Raumfahrttechnik berichtet, die einer thermischen bzw. mechanischen Last ausgesetzt wurden.
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  • 14
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 176-179 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 15
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 17
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 206-209 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 18
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 181-187 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Clad plates for construction of apparatus.Importance of clad plates on the field of the construction of apparatus for the chemistry and patrol chemistry. Description of a cladding process to bond permanently and integrally ferritic steels and corrosion resistant and heat resistant materials by rolling. Information on available combinations of materials and gauge as well as on indispensable requirements to be met by the quality of the material.Results of tests carried out on the bond. Distribution of the elements between the clad and the base material. Bond properties, corrosion behaviour, toughness values and tensile properties of clad plates, heat treatment, cutting and welding of clad plates. Demonstration of applications.
    Notes: Bedeutung plattierter Grobbleche im Apparatebau für die chemische und petrochemische Industrie. Beschreibung des Verfahrens, mit dem ferritische Stähle und korrosions- bzw. hitzebeständige Werkstoffe sich durch Walzplattieren dauerhaft verbinden lassen. Hinweise auf lieferbare Werkstoffkombinationen und Abmessungen sowie auf notwendige Qualitätsanforderungen.Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen der Verbindungsschicht. Verteilung der Elemente zwischen Auflage- und Grundwerkstoff. Haftfestigkeit, Korrosionsverhalten, Zähigkeits- und Festigkeitseigenschaften des Schichtsystems, Wärmebehandlung, Schneiden und Schweißen plattierter Grobbleche. Anwendungsbeispiele.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 20
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Engineering Plating - A Chance for the Engineer in Future.Electroplating as well as chemical plating will become a more and more applicated procedure to produce special properties of the surface of technical components. Therefore the engineer and the plater have to discuss their problems to find out the best way of protection against the various possible kinds of stressing and to state the necessary rules of construction, materials selection, pretreatment, plating and the following finishing operations. Test methods are to standardize and the properties of the composite substrate/metal layer are to describe and to limit.
    Notes: Die Galvanotechnik hat die Chance, als anerkanntes Fertigungsverfahren verstärkten Eingang in die industrielle Anwendung zu finden, wenn es gelingt, den Ingenieur von ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit zu überzeugen. Dazu gehören die Beschreibung der Eigenschaften von Überzug und galvanisiertem Bauteil, die Standardisierung von Prüfverfahren zur Ermittlung dieser Eigenschaften und die Spezifizierung der Galvanisierverfahren einschließlich der notwendigen Vorbehandlung und der eventuell zu empfehlenden Nachbehandlung zum Zwecke einer Gütesicherung. Eine Ausweitung der Anwendungsgebiete der Galvanotechnik gewinnt mit dem Wachsen der Probleme im Bereich der Werkstoffgewinnung und -erhaltung wie auch durch die Verschärfung der wirtschaftlichen Lage zunehmend an Bedeutung.
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  • 21
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 17-29 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: New Test Methods of Ceramic Materials.The conventional tests of ceramic materials produce strength data which depend on specimen size and testing procedures. That is because of the particular brittle defect structure of these materials. To get material constants one may use statistic relations and data based on fracture mechanics test methods or on energy concept. In this paper the different methods obtaining strength data characterizing the brittle structure are represented with a critical examination of its validity. The trend in the special field is emphasized.
    Notes: Neben einer reproduzierbaren Herstellung des Gefügeaufbaus ist für den Einsatz keramischer Werkstoffe die materialspezifische Beschreibung des Festigkeitsverhaltens von entscheidender Bedeutung. Mit konventionellen Festigkeitsbetrachtungen, die über einen Nennspannungsnachweis laufen, lassen sich wegen der makroskopisch spröden Defektstruktur nur vergleichende Betrachtungen anstellen. Neben einer werkstoffspezifischen Kennzeichnung sollten insbesondere solche Festigkeitsprüfverfahren angewendet werden, welche die Übertragung der im Laborversuch ermittelten Meßdaten auf ein Konstruktionsteil gestatten. Dies läßt sich grundsätzlich über statistische, bruchmechanische oder energetische Betrachtungen bzw. deren gegenseitige Verknüpfung erreichen. Die verschiedenen Methoden werden vorgestellt und einer kritischen Prüfung unterzogen. Die Entwicklungstendenzen auf diesem Gebiet werden aufgezeigt.
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  • 22
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 23
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 24
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 180-180 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 25
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 26
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 27
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 210-214 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 28
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 29
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 30
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 31
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 361-367 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Use of Titanium Castings to Produce a Complex Shaped Intermediate Casing of RB 199.This paper describes the present position on a highly stressed casing and its functions in the RB 199-34 R engine. When the parts of the casing are made from solid forged titanium billets, up to 93% of the material used is machined away. For this reason, the most complicated parts of the casing were procured as castings and welded together by TIG welding. The paper describes the present quality standard of the titanium castings. The tests on the materials and their mechanical properties show that the castings are inferior to the forgings only with respect to their HCF behaviour and their elongation at rupture. Macroscopic flaws are not entirely inevitable but can be detected by X-ray tests. The future prospects for titanium castings are considered favourable.
    Notes: Der Bericht beschreibt die Lage eines hochbeanspruchten Gehäuses und dessen Funktionen im Triebwerk RB 199-34 R. Bei der Herstellung der Einzelteile des Gehäuses aus massiv geschmiedeten Titanblöcken wird bis zu 93% des eingesetzten Materials zerspant. Die kompliziertesten Partien des Gehäuses wurden deshalb als Gußteil bezogen und mittels WIG-Schweißung verbunden. Der Bericht beschreibt den heutigen Qualitätsstand der Titangußteile. Die Ergebnisse der Werkstoff- und Festigkeitsuntersuchungen weisen nur im HCF-Verhalten und der Bruchdehnung Nachteile des Gusses gegenüber dem geschmiedeten Material aus. Makroskopische Fehler sind nicht vollständing vermeidbar, aber durch Röntgenprüfung nachzuweisen. Die künftigen Aussichten des Titangusses werden positiv beurteilt.
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  • 32
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 384-390 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Development of Hot-Forged Sintered Steels with Optimum Yield Point at Higher Temperature, Fatigue and Impact Strength.The material characteristic values of hot-forged sintered steels are reported. Besides the usual properties, (ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation at room temperature). The behaviour of materials at higher temperature is of great importance. Further, fatigue strength and impact strength must be considered. The influence of heat treatment on these properties were investigated and brought to a correlation with the formation of microstructures.The hot forging P/M preform requires a special attention on alloying elements and alloying techniques. Optimum properties results when using completely alloyed powders or mixed powders by employing special master alloys. This and further problems involving alloying techniques and particularly the behaviour of carbon as an alloying element is reported in details. The correlation between mechanical properties and fracture behaviour is discussed.
    Notes: Für die Ermittlung von Werkstoffkenndaten warmgepreßter Sinterstähle spielt neben den üblichen Eigenschaften (Zugfestigkeit, Streckgrenze und Bruchdehnung bei Raumtemperatur) das Verhalten der Werkstoffe bei erhöhten Temperaturen eine wichtige Rolle. Daneben müssen Dauerwechselfestigkeit und Schlagarbeit berücksichtigt werden. Der Einfluß von Wärmebehandlungen auf diese Eigenschaften ist untersucht und in Beziehung zur Gefügeausbildung gebracht worden.Große Bedeutung erlangt beim Warmpressen pulvermetallurgisch erzeugter Vorformen die geeignete Wahl der Legierungselemente und Legierungsträger. Optimale Eigenschaften ergaben sich bei Verwendung von fertiglegierten Pulvern oder gemischtlegierten Pulvern, wobei jedoch spezielle Vorlegierungen als Legierungsträger eingesetzt werden. Diese und weitere Fragen der Legierungsbildung, insbesondere die Rolle des Kohlenstoffs, werden ausführlich erläutert. Der Zusammenhang zwischen mechanischen Eigenschaften und Bruchverhalten wird diskutiert.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 34
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 407-414 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Contribution to the application of the X-ray microprobe within production control and investigation of failures.On the basis of several selected cases the application of the X-ray microprobe within production control and investigation of failures is discussed. The influence of sulphur on nickel as well as that of vitriolic acid on cast iron is demonstrated to show examples of reciprocal actions between metals and environment. The final state of diffusion processes which occur during welding of copper and aluminium as of unsufficiently cleaned low carbon nickel is described. The effects of high temperatures are demonstrated for a X 8 CrNiNb 16 13 header exposed to long time service and of a 14 NiCr 8 pinion being heated and quenchend in a very short period of time. The influence of microchemical composition on the shape of fracture surface of stressed X 2 CrNiMoSi 19 5 3 corrosion test specimens is examined. The identity of the materials of a damaged X 10 CrNiMoTi 18 10 shaft case from a chemical pump and a piece of sintered metal found adjacent to the bearing is demonstrated.
    Notes: Anhand einiger ausgewählter Fälle wird über den Einsatz der Mikrosonde im Rahmen der Schadensforschung und der Betriebsüberwachung berichtet. Als Beispiele für den Nachweis von Wechselwirkungen zwischen Metall und Stoffen aus der Umgebung werden die Schwefelschädigung von Nickel sowie die Oleum-Schädigung von Grauguß vorgestellt. Die Untersuchung des Endzustands von beim Schweißen ablaufenden Diffusionsvorgängen wird an einer Kupfer-Aluminium-Schweißung und an einer nicht einwandfrei durchgeführten Schweißung von LC-Ni99 gezeigt. Die Auswirkungen hoher Temperaturen werden am Beispiel eines langzeitbeanspruchten X 8 CrNiNb 16 13-Heißdampfsammlers sowie eines in örtlich begrenzten Zonen kurzzeiterhitzten und abgeschreckten 14 NiCr 18-Ritzels beschrieben. An zugbeanspruchten X 2 CrNiMoSi 19 5 3-Korrosionsproben wird der Einfluß der mikrochemischen Zusammensetzung auf die Bruchausbildung untersucht, schließlich wird die Übereinstimmung zwischen den Werkstoffen einer zerstörten X 10 CrNiMoTi-Wellenschutzhülse aus einer Chemiepumpe und einem im Lagerungsbereich vorgefundenen gesinterten Metallkörper nachgewiesen.
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 221-225 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 246-250 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 39
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 269-280 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Failure Criteria for Polymers. Part I: Analytical Derivation.The failure criteria known from literature are represented in an uniform frame. Their physical or empirical origin is discussed.In the case of an isotropic material, a general state of stress in an orthogonal system of coordinates will cause the same constraint of material as the transformed state of principal stresses.In the case of an anisotropic material it is necessary to calculate with normal stresses and shear stresses parallel to the principal axis of anisotropy.Besides the description of a constraint of materials by stresses, there is also given the definition of a constraint of isotropic materials by strains.The experimental results of thermoplastic materials, thermosets, and glassfibre-reinforced plastics are compared in a second part with the analytically derived criteria of failure.
    Notes: Teil I: Analytische Herleitung.Die aus der Literatur bekannten Versagenskriterien werden in einem einheitlichen Rahmen dargestellt. Auf ihren physikalisch begründeten oder empirisch gewonnenen Ausgangspunkt wird eingegangen.Liegt ein isotroper Werkstoff vor, so bewirkt ein beliebiger Spannungszustand in einem rechtwinkligen Koordinatensystem dieselbe Werkstoffanstrengung wie derjenige Spannungszustand, der durch Transformation in die Hauptspannungsrichtungen entsteht. Dabei ist es gleichgültig, ob sich die Zugfestigkeit von der Druckfestigkeit unterscheidet. Dies ist bei anisotropen Werkstoffen nicht der Fall. Hier muß man stets mit den Normal- bzw. Schubspannungen parallel zu den Anisotropiehauptachsen rechnen.Neben der Beschreibung der Werkstoffanstrengung durch Spannungen wird auch auf die Definition der Anstrengung bei isotropen Werkstoffen infolge Verformungen eingegangen.In einem zweiten Teil werden experimentelle Ergebnisse an Thermoplasten, Duromeren und glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen mit den analytisch hergeleiteten Versagenskriterien verglichen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 262-268 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of the Abrasive Action of Contaminated Lubricating Oils in Narrow Cross-Section Flow Channels.An apparatus is described with which abrasive wear in narrow cross-section channels in model test-pieces, structural units and products can be studied.In the study of abrasive wear, a distinction is made between wear by contacting structural parts and erosion by suspended particles. Narrow cross-section flow channels in pumps, valves, cocks and sealing slits of all kinds are particularly subject to abrasive wear by contaminated operating liquids.Hard particles (e.g. abraded metal particles or minerals such as quartz and corundum) have a particularly severe abrasive effect.Particle size and its distribution, particle quantity and operating pressure all have considerable influence on wear. A simple quantity, which in practice yields valuable information on wear in narrow cross-section channels, is the ratio of particle diameter to channel width (d/h0). In design, a distinction has to be made between static and dynamic slits. The investigations here described were restricted to static slits of breadth between 100 and 600 μm. Particle sizes of 5, 14, 30 and 50 μm were studied at pressures of 60, 120 and 300 bar.Wear increases with increasing operating pressure and with increasing value of d/h0. Even at d/h0-values of 0,02 and contamination concentrations of 20 mg/l, measurable wear occurs. At d/h0-values of 0,5, static slits begin to block.By means of a graph of wear against d/h0, information on the susceptibility to wear of various widths of static slits over a wide range of operating conditions can be obtained. This gives important indications as to the necessary fineness of filter.
    Notes: Es wird ein Prüfstand beschrieben, mit dem abrasiver Verschleiß in engen Strömungsquerschnitten an Modellproben, Bauteilen und Erzeugnissen untersucht werden kann.Beim abrasiven Verschleiß wird zwischen Gegenkörperfurchung und Teilchenfurchung (Erosion) unterschieden. Anfällig gegen abrasiven Verschleiß durch verschmutzte Betriebsflüssigkeiten sind besonders enge Strömungsquerschnitte in Pumpen, Ventilen, Schiebern sowie Dichtspalten aller Art.Verschleißend wirken besonders harte Teilchen (z. B. metallischer Abrieb oder mineralische Stoffe wie Quarz und Korund).Von wesentlichem Einfluß auf den Verschleiß sind weiter Teilchengröße, Teilchengrößenverteilung, Teilchenmenge und Betriebsdruck. Eine einfache und in der Praxis aussagekräftige Beurteilungsgröße für den Verschleiß in engen Strömungsquerschnitten ist das Verhältnis Teilchendurchmesser zur Spaltweite (d/h0). Konstruktiv unterscheidet man zwischen statischen und dynamischen Spalten. Die Untersuchungen beschränkten sich auf statische Spaltformen mit Spaltweiten zwischen 100 und 600 μm. Untersucht wurden die Teilchengrößen 5, 14, 30 und 50 μm bei Drucken von 60, 120 und 300 bar.Der Verschleiß nimmt mit zunehmendem Betriebsdruck und zunehmendem d/h0 zu. Bereits bei Werten von d/h0 0,02 tritt bei Schmutzkonzentrationen von 20 mg/l empfindlicher Verschleiß auf. Bei d/ho-Werten 0,5 beginnen statische Spalten zu verstopfen.Mit Hilfe eines „Verschleiß-d/ho-Diagramms“ können schnell Aussagen über die Verschleißempfindlichkeit der verschiedensten Spaltweiten statischer Spalte über einen weiten Betriebsbereich und damit wichtige Hinweise auf die notwendige Filterfeinheit gewonnen werden.
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 367-376 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The “Wettingbalance”, a new aid for testing softsoldering fluxes.A new method for the determination of behaviour of materials related to soft solderability, evaluates the forces acting on immersed samples, which are significant for the achieved wetting quality. The influence of various factors such as condition of the samplesurface, flux and solder are sensitively registered and allow their objectiv assessment. Sofar the wettingcurves are mostly interpreted from a qualitative point of view. The presented method, taking the comparative testing of fluxes as an example, describes the quantitative evaluation of the wetting behaviour. In the beginning a summary of the physical background of the process as well as few remarks relatet to the experimental procedure are given.
    Notes: Eine neuartige Methode zur Bestimmung des Werkstoffverhaltens beim Weichlöten benutzt die bei der Benetzung an einer in das Lot eintauchenden Probe angreifenden Kräfte als Maß für die erreichte Benetzungsgüte. Die Einflüsse unterschiedlicher Oberflächenzustände, Flußmittel, Lote, können dabei besonders empfindlich erfaßt und objektiv beurteilt werden. Die erhaltenen Benetzungsdiagramme werden heute meist noch nach qualitativen Gesichtspunkten gedeutet. Das hier am Beispiel der vergleichenden Flußmittelprüfung vorgestellte Auswerteverfahren gestattet eine quantitative Bewertung des Benetzungsverhaltens. Zuvor wird eine zusammenfassende Übersicht über die dem Verfahren zugrunde liegenden physikalischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten gegeben sowie einige Bemerkungen zur Meßtechnik gemacht.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 377-384 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: European Contribution towards Development of Alloying Technique for Manufacturing Sintered Structural Parts.In Europe in the last decade the consumption of iron, steel and non-ferrous metal powders for the production of filters, bearings and structural parts has trippled. This positive development has been largely influenced by the progresses made in the p/m alloying techniques. Among the most important European contributions in this scope belongs the development of the monophasic iron-copper and iron-copper-nicle-alloys. The progressing development and introduction in production of the iron-phosphor alloys is a further important contribution. An important progress is represented by the development of the diffusion-alloyed iron powders with copper, nicle and molybdenum as alloying components. Recent and specially promissing developments are carbon-, manganese- and chromium containing sintered steels in which an oxidising resistent pre-alloy is used as alloying partner which contains the alloying elements in highly concentrated form.
    Notes: Der Verbrauch an Eisen- und Metallpulvern zur Herstellung von Filtern, Gleitlagern und Formteilen hat sich in Europa im letzten Jahrzehnt verdreifacht.Für diese positive Entwicklung waren die Fortschritte in der pulvermetallurgischen Legierungstechnik mitbestimmend. Zu den wichtigsten europäischen Beiträgen auf diesem Gebiet gehören die Entwicklung der einphasigen Eisen-Kupfer- und Eisen-Kupfer-Nickellegierungen. Die Weiterentwicklung und Einführung der Eisen-Phosphor-Legierungen ist ein weiterer wichtiger Beitrag. Einen erheblichen Fortschritt stellt die Entwicklung der anlegierten Eisenpulver mit Kupfer, Nickel und Molybdän als Legierungskomponeten dar.Eine neuere und besonders erfolgversprechende Entwicklung sind Kohlenstoff, Mangan und chromlegierte Sinterstähle, bei denen als Legierungsträger eine schweroxidierbare Vorlegierung gewählt wird, die die Legierungselemente in hochkonzentrierter Form enthält.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 391-396 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Stress-Rupture Testing under Superimposed Steam Corrosion.Extent and Morphology of Stress-Assisted Surface and Bulk Oxidation of Incoloy Alloy 800 Thin Wall Tubing.Continuing long-time stress-rupture testing under biaxial stresses and superimposed steam corrosion of Incoloy Alloy 800 thin wall tubing, the extent and morphology of stress-assisted additional surface and bulk oxidation was evaluated by quantitative metallography. This paper describes the stress-assisted additional corrosion as function of tangential stress or corresponding rupture-life, creep strain, and creep rate. The results are presented and explained on the basis of surface and bulk penetrating oxide morphology.
    Notes: In Fortführung der Zeitstanduntersuchungen bei überlagerter Heißdampf-Korrosion von dünnwandigen Rohrkapseln der Legierung Incoloy 800 (Werkstoff Nr. 1.4876) wurde das Ausmaß und die Erscheinungsform der spannungsbedingt verstärkten Oberflächen- und Gefüge-Oxidation durch eine Methode der quantitativen Metallographie einer besonderen Überprüfung unterworfen.Die Arbeit gibt die gemessene Korrosionssteigerung in Abhängigkeit von Tangentialspannung resp. Standzeit, Kriechdehnung und Kriechgeschwindigkeit wieder. Die Ergebnisse werden auf der Basis des Erscheinungsbildes der korrodierten metallischen Oberfläche und des oxidativ durchdrungenen Gefüges dargestellt und gedeutet.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 434-434 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 276-284 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Testing of Solid-State Bonded Ceramic-to-Metal-JointsCeramic-to-metal joints were manufactured by solid-state bonding in a R. F.-high-vacuum apparatus. The influence of welding temperature, welding time and welding pressure on the bond strength was investigated for an alumina/niobium-combination consisting of a layered composite ceramic-metal foil-ceramic. As a measure of bond quality the fracture resistance KICV was chosen. KICV date were obtained by the use of 4-point bend tests and tensile tests. For comparison, data are presented concerning the fracture resistance KIC of the bulk alumina and the conventional bond strength of the joints. In addition to the Nb/Al2O3-data, KICV factors are determined for other metal/alumina combinations and for a Zr/Si3N4 joint. The present solid-state bonding apparatus was used for the preparation of the specimens. A device for high-temperature bend testing in a high vacuum was constructed. Some data for the high-temperature bond strength of solid-state bonded joints are given.
    Notes: Keramik-Metall-Verbindungen wurden durch Festkörperschweißen in einer HF-HV-Apparatur hergestellt. Der Einfluß der Herstellungsparameter, Schweißtemperatur, Schweißzeit und Schweißdruck auf die Bindefestigkeit wurde für eine Al2O3/Nb-Materialkombination der Schichtanordnung Keramik-Metallfolie-Keramik untersucht. Als Maß für die Bindequalität wurde der Bruchwiderstand der Verbindung KICV gewählt. KICV wurde im Vierpunkt-Biegeversuch und im Zugversuch ermittelt. Zum Vergleich wurden Bruchwiderstandswerte KIC der Ausgangskeramik und konventionelle Haftfestigkeitskennwerte bestimmt. Außer für Nb/Al2O3-Kombinationen werden für andere, mit der vorhandenen Schweißvorrichtung hergestellten Metall/Al2O3-Kombinationen und für eine Zr/Si3N4-Paarung Bindefestigkeitsdaten angegeben. Eine Vorrichtung zur HV-Hochtemperaturbiegeprüfung wurde gebaut. Einige Daten zur Hochtemperatur-Bindefestigkeit festkörpergeschweißter Verbindungen werden mitgeteilt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A72 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A74 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A76 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Structural changes and corrosion behaviour of a ferritic-austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel after short time heat treatments with special consideration of weldingSusceptibility of the ferritic-austenitic steel X 2 CrNiMoN 225 in the solution treated and quenched state to intergranular corrosion and to stress corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion in solutions with chloride ions. Comparison with two austenitic steels (X 5 CrNi 189 and X 3 CrNiMoN 17135). Investigations of the influence of structural changes due to short time isothermal heat treatments and to welding on the mentioned three corrosion types.
    Notes: Verhalten des ferritisch-austenitischen Stahles X 2 CrNiMoN 225 (Werkstoff-Nr. 1.4462) im lösungsgeglühten und abgeschreckten Zustand gegenüber interkristalliner Korrosion (IK) sowie Spannungsrißkorrosion (SpRK) und Lochkorrosion in chloridhaltigen wäßrigen Medien. Vergleich mit den beiden austenitischen Stählen X 5 CrNi 189 (Werkstoff-Nr. 1.4301) und X 3 CrNiMoN 17135 (Werkstoff-Nr. 1.4439). Untersuchungen zum Einfluß der Gefügeänderungen infolge kurzzeitiger isothermer Glühbehandlungen und Schweißungen auf das Verhalten gegenüber den genannten drei Korrosionsarten.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 332-332 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A80 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 349-353 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einige metallurgische Beobachtungen zur Herstellung von diffusionsgeschweißten Übergängen zwischen Zircaloy 2 und EdelstahlEs wird ein Verfahren zur Verschweißung von Zircaloy 2 mit Edelstahl durch Ko-Extrusion vorgeschlagen. So hergestellte Schweißverbindungen wurden an der Nahtstelle zwischen Zircaloy 2 und Edelstahl metallographisch und im Rasterelektronenmikroskop untersucht. Außerdem wurden eine chemische Analyse sowie mit der Elektronen-Mikrosonde durchgeführt.Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen zeigt, daß mit diesem Verfahren eine perfekte Verbindung der beiden Materialien durch mechanische und metallurgische Vorgänge erzielt wird, die besser sein sollte als durch Diffusion bei hohen Temperaturen hergestellte Übergänge.
    Notes: A method of welding stainless steel to Zircaloy 2 by co-extrusion is proposed, and joints of these two metals have been made in this manner. Such a bond was examined at the interface between stainless steel and Zircaloy 2 using metallography, electron microprobe analysis, scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis. It was found that this method of preparation the joints allow for sound connections characterized by the formation of a type of mechanical and metallurgical bond. These joints could be considered better than those obtained by diffusion at high temperatures.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 456-466 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The material selection for tribologically stressed specimen and tools has to be done not only from the view point of economics but also of the consumption of scarce materials and energy.Empirical methods are used for this selection to get a reasonable compromise between surface and bulk functions to satisfy stability and rigidity.By applying system- and stress analysis for the estimation of surface and bulk properties some examples of metallurgical, manufacturing, operational and lubricating aspects to improve the tribological behaviour of components are shown.Using the friction energy for a wear prediction model the calculation of lifetime for dry lubricated roller bearings is possible.
    Notes: Eine funktionsgerechte Werkstoffauswahl für tribologisch beanspruchte Werkzeuge und Bauteile ist nicht nur eine Forderung der Wirtschaftlichkeit, sondern gewinnt auch vor dem Hintergrund der Rohstoff- und Energiesicherung eine zunehmende Bedeutung.Die Werkstoffauswahl tribologisch beanspruchter Werkzeuge und Bauteile wird nach wie vor überwiegend nach empirischen Methoden vorgenommen, wobei häufig Kompromißlösungen zwischen der Oberflächenfunktion und der Grundwerkstoff-Funktion zur Erfüllung der Festigkeits- und Steifigkeitsanforderungen eingegangen werden müssen.Ausgehend von einer methodischen Vorgehensweise einer System-und Beanspruchungsanalyse zur Abschätzung der Oberflächen- und Grundwerkstoffbeanspruchung wurden an verschiedenen Beispielen werkstoffkundliche, fertigungstechnische, konstruktive und schmiertechnische Gesichtspunkte zur Verbesserung des tribologischen Verhaltens von Bauteilpaarungen aufgezeigt.Durch Anwendung eines energetischen Verschleißmodells konnten Berechnungsmöglichkeiten zur Lebensdauerbestimmung feststoffgeschmierter Wälzlager angegeben werden.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Results of Creep Tests With Smooth and Notched Specimens of the Steels 20 CrMoV 13 5 and X20 CrMoWV 121Two hydrogen resistant steels, viz. 20 CrMoV 13 5 W.-Nr. 1.7779) and X20 CrMoWV 12 1 (W.-Nr. 1.4935) used for bolts and nuts as well as for pressurized components were tested with respect to their creep resistance. Using smooth and notched specimens creep data for 450°C 500°C and 550°C were established. Steel 20CrMoV 13 5 was investigated in two quenched and tempered states (225…250 HB, 285…310 HB. The tempering treatments of X20 CrMoWV 12 1 (W.-Nr. 1.4935) lead to hardness levels of 215…226 HB resp. 275… 310 HB.Creep tests at 450°C and 500°C resp. at 500°C and 550°C were undertaken with smooth and notched specimens of 20 CrMoV 13 5-resp. X20 CrMoWV 12 1 -steels. At each temperature two resp. three different hardness levels were investigated which were produced by changing the quenching and tempering procedure. The results prove the X20 CrMoWV 12 1-steel to show high ductility in all three Q + T conditions even after long creep tests. This holds true for the 20 CrMoV 13 5-steel in the soft condition and at a test temperature of 450°C only. The creep strength of both steels is about proportional to the ultimate strength of both steels is about proportional to the ultimate strength at room temperature. With regard to the allowable stresses it could be shown that in each case the creep strength for 100.000 hours divided by a safety factor of 1.5 is smaller than the 1% creep limit for the same time.
    Notes: Mit glatten und gekerbten Proben aus den Stählen 20 CrMoV135 und X20 CrMoWV 12 1 wurden Zeitstandversuche bei 450 und 500°C bzw. bei 500 und 550°C durchgeführt Beide Stähle lagen in verschieden harten Ausgangszuständen vor. Die Ergebnisse weisen für den X20 CrMoWV 12 1-Stahl auch nach langen Laufzeiten in allen drei Ausgangszuständen eine hohe Duktilität nach, während dies für den 20 CrMoV 13 5-Stahl nur im weichen Zustand und nur bei 450°C Prüftemperatur gilt. Die Zeitstandfestigkeit ist proportional der Zugfestigkeit des Ausgangszustandes bei Raumtemperatur. In jedem Fall ist der Wert 2/3 der Zeitstandfestigkeit für 100000 h kleiner als der Wert der 1%-Dehngrenze für 100000 h.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 14-23 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Model Investigation of the Fibre Reinforcement of Ceramic MaterialsA mechanism for fibre reinforcement of high-modulus brittle materials, in particular ceramics, is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. A simple mathematical formalism representing crack extension in a brittle matrix reinforced by ductile fibres is derived, and characteristic property values, adapted to composite structures, are introduced.Alumina with unidirectional reinforcement by thin 80Ni20Cr wires is used as a model material.The mechanism presented allows to reduce the high sensivity of ceramic materials to cracks. It is necessary for the fibres to bridge matrix cracks under load. For this purpose, the fibres must not be bound too tightly to the matrix, and while a high ductility is certainly of value, it is not a necessity. The efficiency of the mechanism depends on -interface energy and friction at the matrix-fibre interface,-deformation and fracture behavior of the fibre material,-radius of the fibres,-volume fraction of the fibres,-critical stress intensity factor of the matrix,-size of the largest crack.Among these, the fibre radius appears to be the most suitable one for variation with the goal of optimizing material quality.
    Notes: Ein Faserverstärkungsmechanismus für spröde, insbesondere keramische Werkstoffe mit hohem Elastizitätsmodul wird theoretisch und experimentell untersucht.Ein einfache mathematischer Formalismus zur Beschreibung des Rißausbreitungsverhaltens in dementsprechend verstärkten Werkstoffen wird angegeben. Verbundwerkstoffspezifische Kenngrößen werden eingeführt.Als Modellwerkstoff für die experimentellen Untersuchungen dient Aluminiumoxid mit eingelagerten Feindrähten aus 80Ni20Cr.Der beschriebene Mechanismus ermöglicht es, die hohe Rißempfindlichkeit keramischer Werkstoffe herabzusetzen. Die Fasern müssen in der Lage sein, belastete Matrixrisse zu überbrücken. Hierzu dürfen sie nicht zu fest an die Matrix gebunden sein. Duktilität der Fasern ist günstig, aber nicht notwendig. Die Wirksamkeit des Mechanismus hängt ab von -der Grenzflächenergie und -reibung zwischen Fasern und Matrix,-dem Verformungs- und Bruchverhalten der Fasern,-dem Faserradius,-dem Volumenbruchteil der Fasern,-dem kritischen Spannungsintensitätsfaktor der Matrix,-den Abmessungen der größten Risse.Zur Werkstoffoptimierung läßt sich unter diesen Größen am leichtesten der Faseradius variieren.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A24 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A28 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A27 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A26 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A29 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A32 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A35 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 119-123 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchung der Spannungsrißkorrosionsanfälligkeit einer Legierung MgAlZn61 in wäßriger Lösung von 3,5% NaCl + 2% K2CrO4 bei Raumtemperatur.
    Notes: Effect of specimen orientation, heat treatment and applied potential on the stress corrosion susceptibility of magnesium AZ61 (Mg-6.3% Al-0.5% Zn-0.20% Mn) alloy in an aqueous 3.5% NaCl + 2% K2CrO4 solution at room temperature was investigated. Stress corrosion times to failure were measured at different values of initial stress intensities using single edge (pre) cracked sheet tensile specimens and a modified tensometer. It was observed that while the specimen orientation has a significant effect on the measured values of stress corrosion threshold stress intensity, KIscc, the effect of varying the quench rate during heat treatment was minimal. Polarization measurements both in stressed and unstressed conditions, failed to reveal any significant effect of the applied stress intensity on the anodic polarization behavior of the alloy. However, measurements made under four different potentiostatic conditions showed a considerable increase in stress corrosion times to failure of the alloy. The results, together with fractographic observations of fractured specimen are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking, in magnesium alloys.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 185-190 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 200-212 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 191-200 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Explosive Welding as a Technique for Cladding of Precious MetalsThe method of explosive welding and the importance of the cladding parameters are described. The “Explosive Weldability Window” is experimentally determined for the material combination AgCu 10/Fe. The behaviour of explosive claddings produced under different conditions during rolling is investigated.Best results are obtained with samples with a wavy interphase, produced under the following cladding parameters: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {10^ \circ \le \beta \le 18^ \circ} \\ {1400 \le {\rm v}_{\rm K} \le 2600{{\rm m} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\rm m} {\rm s}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\rm s}}} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document}It is shown, that in comparison with conventional methods explosive cladding has advantages both in processing and quality.
    Notes: Die Grundlagen des Explosivschweißens werden geschildert und die Bedeutung der Plattierparameter aufgezeigt. Das „Explosive Weldability Window“ wird für die Werkstoffpaarung AgCu 10/Fe experimentell entwickelt.Das Verhalten der bei unterschiedlichen Bedingungen hergestellten Explosivplattierungen beim Auswalzen wird untersucht. Die besten Ergebnisse werden für Verbindungen mit welliger Verbindungsfläche erzielt, die mit den Plattierparametern \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {10^ \circ \le \beta \le 18^ \circ} \\ {1400 \le {\rm v}_{\rm K} \le 2600{{\rm m} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\rm m} {\rm s}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\rm s}}} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} hergestellt werden.Es wird gezeigt, daß gegenüber konventionellen Verfahren das explosive Plattieren verfahrenstechnische und qualitative Vorteile hat.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 213-220 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Sintered Structural Part - Manufacturing, Properties and its Application for Saving Raw Material and Energy in the Engineering Industry.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 220-220 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Process Computer as Measuring Instrument at Arc Welding
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A53 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A56 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 22-26 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Environmental specific trace analysis ; FID/ECD response ratios for PNA's ; PNA identification evidently improved ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The possibility of simultaneous application of an electron capture (ECD) and a flame ionization detector (FID) connected to a glass capillary column for analyzing polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNA) has been investigated. The ECD/FID ratio is determined for 46 PNA compounds. The ratios vary from 0.02 to 117 with relative standard deviations better than 20 percent determined from 10 replicate analyses. The results suggest that the method may be used for obtaining additional evidence in identifying PNA in environmental samples.Impurities and transformation products in the standard were identified by computerized glass capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Quinones and diones are responsible for the high EC-response determined in some trace components in the standard.An application of the method is shown for PNA from particulates in urban atmospheres.
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Thermodynamic properties measured, interaction energy vapour polymers ; Precise Vgº-data measured ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interaction energies (X1) between the polymers polypropylene, poly(vinylidene chloride), sulphonyldiphenyl formaldehyde resin and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and the solvents toluene, ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, ortho, meta, and para-xylene are determined by gas chromatography. As shown in earlier publications, this technique for the determination of X1, can be extended to similar systems of theoretical as well as of practical importance, although the selection of the present systems was primarly made on the fact that these systems are of industrial interest and have not so far been investigated by gas-liquid chromatography. The studies were carried out at two temperatures and the results obtained show a decrease of X1 with an increase of temperature.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Surface deactivation, silylation ; Inertia stable to 350° ; Free acids and bases, simultaneous injection ; On-column injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A deactivation procedure is described based on a published method using hexamethyldisilazane in the gas phase. In addition to unusually high inertia and thermostability, the method produces truly neutral columns which allow simultaneous analysis of moderately strong free acids and bases. The silylated columns show their full potential only with on-column injection. Preliminary experimental directions are given; more elaborate directions will become available after extended optimization work.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 36-38 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-Layer Chromatography, TLC, HPTLC ; Error analysis for quantitation chromatographic and sampling error often largest ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The paper describes the measurement and calculation of the primary statistical errors in the evaluation of TLC or HPTLC using in situ reflectance measurements. The primary errors are the errors of the sample volume spotted onto the plate, errors caused by the chromatographic process itself, the positioning error of the plate with respect to the centre of the light beam and the error in the light measurement. By scanning the same spot, the same track or the same plate under different conditions, the various errors can be determined.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 43-44 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Fatty acid methyl esters structure analysis ; On-line hydrogenation, platinum catalyst precolumn ; 10-8ϕ in complicated natural mixtures ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An injection splitter in front of a glass capillary column was used for the hydrogenation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) mixtures. Hydrogenation followed by gas chromatographic analysis on capillary columns permitted detection and identification in complicated natural mixtures of branched fatty acids, showing minor structural differences, in quantities down to 10-8g.The technique described, apart from its suitability for FAME analysis, shows promise for structure determination studies of other classes of compounds.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 45-47 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chromatography, theory ; Plate number calculation corrected for wide initial peaks ; Direct method of correction factor calculation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 343-350 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Analysis up to C50 in GC/quadrupole MS combination ; No special procedures necessary when using commercially available instruments ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The analysis of low volatile compounds by (GC)2/MS using high-temperature stable glass-capillary columns and a commercially available GC/quadrupole MS instrument is described.It will be shown that no special modifications or procedures are required in analyzing organic compounds exceeding carbon numbers of 50. The application to industrially and naturally occuring high boiling mixtures will be discussed.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 351-356 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Potash soda lead and fused silica as wall material investigated ; Thin-walled fused silica is an ideal material ; Inherently more inert than normal glass ; High flexibility avoids fragility problems ; Application examples (alcohols, mercaptanes, sulfides, phenolsamines, acids) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An investigation was conducted of various glasses, other than soda lime or borosilicate, for use in glass capillary gas chromatography. The work has uncovered some unique chromatographic qualities in the use of potash soda lead and fused silica glasses as materials for making glass capillary columns. The fused silica proved to be an ideal material for capillary column construction, being inherently more inert than glass containing metal oxides. It has been shown that through the use of thin wall capillary tubing of high flexibility many of the mechanical problems associated with glass capillary columns, such as fragility and column straightening, can be avoided.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 405-410 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Stationary phases of polysiloxane-type degrade in acidic solution ; Several salt traces affect stability at high temperature NaCl on Duran-5O: no effect at 260°C ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of polysiloxanes have been shown to be sensitive to acids when dissolved in chloroform.At 26O°C polysiloxanes were found to degrade under the influence of several compounds used or produced during the preparation of glass capillary columns.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 90-90 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Surface roughening by direct deposition of suspension particles ; NaCl used ; High reproducibility when coated with polar phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for roughening the surface of glass capillary columns for subsequent coating with polar stationary phases. A suspension of sodium chloride, obtained by addition of a saturated solution of sodium chloride in methanol to 1,1,1-trichloroethane, is passed through the column at velocities of 1-5 cm/s. During passage of the suspension, particles of sodium chloride deposit spontaneously on the column wall. The amount of sodium chloride deposited on the column wall is a function of the volume of the suspension passed through and of the contact time of the suspension and the column wall. Ultimately the amount of sodium chloride per unit surface area approaches a maximum. Columns covered with this maximum amount of sodium chloride were prepared with high reproducibility and coated with a number of polar stationary phases. Various factors that influence the stability of the suspension and the deposition of sodium chloride are discussed and minimum requirements are given. A theoretical model is proposed for the mechanism of deposition of sodium chloride particles on the glass wall.
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  • 88
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 91-92 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Data evaluation, peak width measurements in GC, LC, TLC ; Peaks are in principle non symmetric, non Gaussian shaped ; Standard deviation and variance cannot be measured directly as usual ; Systematic error easily larger than 50% ; Calculation of correct standard deviation/variance presented ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 89
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 93-94 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chromatography Theory peak shape, mathematical basis of real standard deviation and variances are much larger than “measured” ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 90
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 101-101 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 91
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 92
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 93
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography / electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) / mass spectrometry ; N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide ; Characterization of urinary metabolites of DEET in man ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies of the pharmacology and toxicology of the popular insect repellant, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), have largely been done in animal models using radioactive tracing without the structural elucidation of its metabolites.This paper describes a high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique and reports the results of the preliminary characterization of the metabolites of DEET in the urine of a 30-year-old man who had been exposed to DEET contained in a commercial product. The metabolites were extracted and separated with an OV-101 glass capillary column, 30 m × 0.3 mm, and mass spectrometric elucidations were carried out with both Electron Impact (EI) and Chemical Ionization-Methane (MCI) modes.Oxidation of the benzylic moiety and hydroxylation of the sidechain of DEET molecules appeared to be the predominate routes of metabolism in man. The artifacts were also proposed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 94
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 577-578 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; support and packing production technique and device ; drying, removal of fines, silanization, solution coating, total evaporation ; in one system ; normal transport results in partial mechanical partlkel damage, causing tailing, decomposition on uncoated surfaces ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 95
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 585-585 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High-performance thin-layer chromatography, HPTLC ; Sugar determination by fluorescence ; Detection limit ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 96
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 592-594 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 97
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 133-140 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer Chromatography, TLC/HPTLC ; Quantitation by optical in-situ scanning ; Comparison of conventional and HPTLC techniques ; Peripheral quantitized circular HPTLC superior ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conventional TLC, linear and circular HPTLC are compared by using In-situ reflectance measurements. Chromatographic resolution, time requirement and reproducibility of quantitative scanning of the different TLC methods are investigated by means of three separation problems: benzodiazepines, corticosteroids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.In all three application examples, which were chosen without prejudice, the circular developing mode with subsequent quantitative scanning showed certain advantages over the corresponding linear HPTLC techniques. These were in the case of Benzodiazepines: Better reproducibility of quantitative assessment.Corticosteroids: Better resolution and slightly better quantitative reproducibility.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Chromatography considerably faster.
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  • 98
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 703-711 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 99
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 720-722 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chromatography, theory ; Peak width as a function of retention time and capacity ratio “abt” concept ; Real plate height and theoretical plate height Extra-column contributions to band broadening and “abt” concept ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kaiser's “abt” concept rests on the experimental establishment of a linear relation between band width at half height, b0.5, and capacity ratio, k, according to \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm b}_{{\rm 0}{\rm .5}} = {\rm b}_{\rm o} + {\rm ak} $$\end{document} His column specification quantity, hreal, is dependent on the square of the slope a, obtained from a linear regression analysis based on this relation. It is shown in the present paper that an improvement of the experimental conditions leading to a lower extra-column contribution to band broadening, bex2, introduces a tendency towards a negative curvature in the plot at low k values. The mean slope increases, and an uncritical linear regression would yield an hreal-value which is higher than before and which would be in the opposite direction to the requirements of a reliable column specification. Generally the linear regression analysis has to be moved to higher k regions in cases of curvature, especially as it is also shown that hreal is an estimation of the traditional HETP value, H∞, that would be obtained when k approaches infinity. This theoretically expected relation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm h}_{{\rm real}} = {\rm H}_\infty $$\end{document} is a strong motivation for the use of hreal as a column specification, since the b0.5-value associated with H∞ is expected to be practically independent of bex2.
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  • 100
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 749-750 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed column, glass ; Dichloroacetic acid ; In biological fluids, at 50 ng level ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for the measurement of dichloroacetic acid in plasma or urine has been developed. The method involves extraction of dichloroacetic acid into diethyl ether, evaporation of the etheric phase to a small volume and derivatization with diazomethane. Trichloroacetic acid was used as an internal standard. Concentrations as low as 50 ng/ml can be determined.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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