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  • Springer  (31,828)
  • 2020-2024  (95)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1970-1974  (31,733)
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  • 1
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    Datenschutz als Vermögensrecht (2020)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-24
    Description: In diesem Open-Access-Buch untersucht die Autorin die Fortentwicklung des Datenschutzrechts zu einem Datenhandelsrecht. Sie stellt dar, wie Personendaten bereits heute gehandelt werden können und wo sich Problemfelder insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund von Big Data ergeben. Außerdem veranschaulicht sie bestehende Reformvorschläge, wie z. B. die Einführung eines sogenannten „Dateneigentums“, und misst dies an einer vertieften Analyse des Interessendreiecks beim Datenhandel. Aus der Einordnung in eine Gesamtanalyse lassen sich wichtige Handlungsempfehlungen ableiten.
    Keywords: IT Law, Media Law, Intellectual Property ; Civil Law ; Public Law ; Big Data ; Persönlichkeitsrecht ; Datenverarbeitung ; Datenhandelsrecht ; Immaterialgüterrecht ; Open Access ; Entertainment & media law ; Systems of law: civil codes / civil law ; Private or civil law: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNJ Entertainment & media law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues::LAF Systems of law::LAFD Civil codes / Civil law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LND Constitutional & administrative law
    Language: German
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  • 2
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    Charting Spiritual Care (2020)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This open access volume is the first academic book on the controversial issue of including spiritual care in integrated electronic medical records (EMR). Based on an international study group comprising researchers from Europe (The Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland), the United States, Canada, and Australia, this edited collection provides an overview of different charting practices and experiences in various countries and healthcare contexts. Encompassing case studies and analyses of theological, ethical, legal, healthcare policy, and practical issues, the volume is a groundbreaking reference for future discussion, research, and strategic planning for inter- or multi-faith healthcare chaplains and other spiritual care providers involved in the new field of documenting spiritual care in EMR. Topics explored among the chapters include: Spiritual Care Charting/Documenting/Recording/Assessment Charting Spiritual Care: Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Aspects Palliative Chaplain Spiritual Assessment Progress Notes Charting Spiritual Care: Ethical Perspectives Charting Spiritual Care in Digital Health: Analyses and Perspectives Charting Spiritual Care: The Emerging Role of Chaplaincy Records in Global Health Care is an essential resource for researchers in interprofessional spiritual care and healthcare chaplaincy, healthcare chaplains and other spiritual caregivers (nurses, physicians, psychologists, etc.), practical theologians and health ethicists, and church and denominational representatives.
    Keywords: Health Services Research ; Religion and Health ; Religion and Psychology ; Theory of Medicine/Bioethics ; Health Sciences ; Sociology of Religion ; Psychology of Religion and Spirituality ; healthcare chaplaincy ; spiritual care ; spirituality and health ; professionalization of spiritual care ; integration of spirituality in health care ; electronic medical records (EMR) ; pastoral confidentiality ; models of recording spiritual care ; outcome-oriented chapliancy ; digital health ; health ethics ; religion and health ; interprofessional spiritual care ; legal and theoretical perspectives ; open access ; Health systems & services ; Religious issues & debates ; Psychology ; Religion: general ; Bioethics ; Medicine: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems and services ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAM Religious issues and debates ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAD Bioethics
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Austenitic TRIP/TWIP Steels and Steel-Zirconia Composites (2020)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book presents a collection of the most up-to-date research results in the field of steel development with a focus on pioneering alloy concepts that result in previously unattainable materials properties. Specifically, it gives a detailed overview of the marriage of high-performance steels of the highest strength and form-ability with damage-tolerant zirconia ceramics by innovative manufacturing technologies, thereby yielding a new class of high-performance composite materials. This book describes how new high-alloy stainless TRIP/TWIP steels (TRIP: TRansformation-Induced Plasticity, TWIP: TWinning-induced Plasticity) are combined with zirconium dioxide ceramics in powder metallurgical routes and via melt infiltration to form novel TRIP-matrix composites. This work also provides a timely perspective on new compact and damage-tolerant composite materials, filigree light-weight structures as well as gradient materials, and a close understanding of the mechanisms of the phase transformations. With a detailed application analysis of state-of-the-art methods in spatial and temporal high-resolution structural analysis, in combination with advanced simulation and modelling, this edited volume is ideal for researchers and engineers working in modern steel development, as well as for graduate students of metallurgy and materials science and engineering.
    Keywords: Structural Materials ; Metallic Materials ; Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Materials ; Materials Engineering ; Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics ; Metals and Alloys ; Ceramics ; Steel-Matrix Composite ; Austenitic Stainless Steels ; Powder Metallurgy ; Fracture Toughness ; Mechanical Modeling ; Melt Flow Behavior ; CrMnNi Steels ; Ceramic Casting ; Melt Infiltration ; Open Access ; Materials science ; Structural engineering ; Metals technology / metallurgy ; Industrial chemistry & chemical engineering ; Mathematical modelling ; Maths for engineers ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDP Other manufacturing technologies::TDPM Metals technology / metallurgy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering::TDCQ Ceramic and glass technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics::PBWH Mathematical modelling
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    The Limits of Art (2020)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This open access book is about exploring interesting borderline cases of art. It discusses the cases of gustatory and olfactory artworks (focusing on food), proprioceptive artworks (dance, martial arts, and rock climbing qua proprioceptive experiences), intellectual artworks (philosophical and scientific theories), as well as the vague limits between painting and photography. The book focuses on the author’s research about what counts as art and what does not, as well as on the nature of these limits. Overall, the author defends a very inclusive view, 'extending' the limits of art, and he argues for its virtues. Some of the limits discussed concern our senses (our different perceptual modalities), some concern vagueness and fuzzy boundaries between different types of works of art, some concern the amount of human intention and intervention in the process of creation of an artwork, and some concern the border between art and science. In these various ways, by understanding better such borderline cases, Benovsky suggests that we get a better grip on an understanding of the nature of art.
    Keywords: Analytic Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Fine Arts ; Fine Art ; Proprioceptive art ; Gustatory art ; Olfactory art ; Visual art ; Intellectual art ; Sensory dependence ; Art and Photography ; Art and Philosophy ; Types of art ; Non-visual and non-auditory artworks ; analyzing paintings and photographs ; borderline cases of art ; vague limits between painting and photography ; Open Access ; Analytical philosophy & Logical Positivism ; Philosophy: aesthetics ; Fine arts: art forms ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy::HPCF Western philosophy, from c 1900 -::HPCF5 Analytical philosophy & Logical Positivism ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPN Philosophy: aesthetics ; bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AF Art forms ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800::QDHR9 Analytical philosophy and Logical Positivism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTN Philosophy: aesthetics ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AF The Arts: art forms
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures (2020)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computational Structures, FOSSACS 2020, which took place in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2020, and was held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020. The 31 regular papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 98 submissions. The papers cover topics such as categorical models and logics; language theory, automata, and games; modal, spatial, and temporal logics; type theory and proof theory; concurrency theory and process calculi; rewriting theory; semantics of programming languages; program analysis, correctness, transformation, and verification; logics of programming; software specification and refinement; models of concurrent, reactive, stochastic, distributed, hybrid, and mobile systems; emerging models of computation; logical aspects of computational complexity; models of software security; and logical foundations of data bases.​
    Keywords: Mathematical Logic and Foundations ; Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science ; Programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters ; Programming Techniques ; Logic in AI ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; categorical models and logics ; language theory, automata, and games ; modal, spatial, and temporal logics ; type theory and proof theory ; concurrency theory and process calculi ; rewriting theory ; semantics of programming languages ; program analysis, correctness, transformation, and verification ; logics of programming ; software specification and refinement ; emerging models of computation ; logical aspects of computational complexity ; models of software security ; logical foundations of data bases ; mathematics ; artificial intellegence ; formal logic ; linguistics ; Mathematical foundations ; Mathematical logic ; Discrete mathematics ; Maths for computer scientists ; Programming & scripting languages: general ; Compilers & interpreters ; Computer programming / software engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer networking & communications ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBC Mathematical foundations ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBD Discrete mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMX Programming and scripting languages: general ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Haptics: Science, Technology, Applications (2020)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Human Haptic Sensing and Touch Enabled Computer Applications, EuroHaptics 2020, held in Leiden, The Netherlands, in September 2020. The 60 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 111 submissions. The were organized in topical sections on haptic science, haptic technology, and haptic applications. This year's focus is on accessibility.
    Keywords: User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction ; Robotics ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet) ; Image Processing and Computer Vision ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; Computer Vision ; communication systems ; computer networks ; data communication systems ; display devices ; engineering ; haptic devices ; haptic interfaces ; human engineering ; Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) ; mobile computing ; network protocols ; robotics ; signal processing ; telecommunication networks ; user interfaces ; virtual reality ; wireless telecommunication systems ; User interface design & usability ; Artificial intelligence ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Information retrieval ; Internet searching ; Image processing ; Computer vision ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYT Image processing
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Massive dolomites in the Messinian evaporitic sequence (Sicily, Italy): multi-analytical characterization and implications for the dolomitization processes (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: A combined geochemical, mineralogical, petrographic and geological approach has allowed to constrain the dolomitization process responsible for the formation of massive dolomitic body within the Messinian evaporitic series. We focused our investigations on an example of massive dolomite body, outcropping over the marginal area of the evaporitic basin in the Peloritani Mountains (NE area of Sicily region, Italy). Field observations allowed recognizing several sedimentary structures, such as erosion surfaces, lenses of conglomerates and ripples highlighting a clastic origin. The petrographic study revealed fne-grained and massive structure, scarce porosity, light to pink color and absence of micro-fossils. The chondritenormalized trace element pattern shows a general enrichment in LREE and depletion in HREE. The isotopic signatures of the studied dolomites (δ18O=– 4.38–1.24‰, V-PDB; δ13C=– 1.48–1.94‰, V-PDB) are comparable with those of type-3 “Calcare di Base” which is the common reference to record the Messinian salinity crisis. The positive co-variant relationship between the δ18O and δ13C values suggests a dolomitization process in the seawater/freshwater mixing zone. The occurrence of the studied dolomites in the evaporitic sequence coupled with the results we gained point towards an origin from “early diagenetic” processes. As a consequence, a model explaining the genetic mechanism for the studied dolomitic rocks can be essentially summarized as: (1) the massive dolostones were originally deposited as evaporitic limestones under rather highsalinity conditions; (2) the dolomitization process occurred in the seawater/freshwater mixing zone that provided Mg-rich fuids over uplifted submarine masses.
    Description: Published
    Description: id 29
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Estimating eruptive parameters and related uncertainties for pyroclastic density currents deposits: worked examples from Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-31
    Description: The quantification of the maximum runout, invaded area, volume, and total grain-size distribution (TGSD) of pyroclastic density currents (PDC) is a critically important task because such parameters represent the needed necessary input quantities for physical modeling and hazard assessment of PDCs. In this work, new and well-established methods for the quantification of these parameters are applied to a large stratigraphic dataset of three PDC units from two eruptions of Somma-Vesuvius (the AD 79 Pompeii and the AD 472 Pollena eruptions), representative of a large spectrum of transport and depositional processes. Maximum runout and invaded area are defined on the basis of the available volcanological and topographical constraints. The related uncertainties are evaluated with an expert judgment procedure, which considersed the different sectors of the volcano separately. Quite large uncertainty estimates of dispersal area (20–40%) may have important implications in terms of hazard assessment. The testing of different methods for estimating the volume (and mass) of a PDC deposit suggests that integration, over the invaded area, of thickness (and deposit density) data using the triangulated irregular network method can minimize and localize data extrapolation. Such calculations, however, bear an intrinsic additional uncertainty (at least 10% of the total PDC deposit) related to loss or new formation of fine material during transport (at least 10% of the total PDC deposit). Different interpolation methods for TGSD produce multimodal distributions, likely reflecting the different response of each grain size class to transport and deposition processes. These data, when integrated with information on the related co-ignimbrite deposits, can give a more accurate picture of the pyroclastic mixture feeding the current.
    Description: Published
    Description: Id 65
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Simulation of seismic ground motion fields via object-oriented spatial statistics with an application in Northern Italy (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-21
    Description: This work offers a novel methodological framework to address the problem of generating data-driven earthquake shaking fields at different vibration periods, which are key to support decision making and civil protection planning. We propose to analyse the entire profiles of spectral accelerations and project their information content to unsampled locations in the system, based on the theory of Object Oriented Spatial Statistics. The proposed methodology combines a non-ergodic ground motion model with a fully functional model for the residual term, the latter consisting of (i) the spatially-varying systematic effects due to source, site and path, and (ii) the remaining aleatory error. The proposed methodology allows to generate multiple shaking scenarios conditioned on the data, jointly and consistently for all the vibration periods, overcoming the intrinsic limitations of existing multivariate approaches to the problem. The approach is tested on a vast dataset of ground motion records collected in the study-area of the Po Plain (Northern Italy), for which a region-specific fully non-ergodic GMM was previously calibrated. Our validation tests demonstrate the potentiality of the approach, which is capable to effectively simulate spectral acceleration profiles, while keeping the ability to capture the main physical features of ground motion patterns in the region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1607–1627
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Biological Clocks and!Rhythms in Polar Organisms (2020)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Polar Night Marine Ecology_ Life and Light in the Dead of Night, Advances in Polar Ecology, Switzerland, Springer, pp. 217-240, ISBN: 978-3-030-33208-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Biological clocks are universal to all living organisms on Earth. Their ubiquity is testament to their importance to life: from cells to organs and from the simplest cyanobacteria to plants and primates, they are central to orchestrating life on this planet. Biological clocks are usually set by the day–night cycle, so what happens in polar regions during the Polar Night or Polar Day when there are periods of 24! hours of darkness or light? How would a biological clock function without a timekeeper!cycle? This chapter details evidence that biological clocks are central to structuring daily and seasonal activities in organisms at high latitudes. Importantly, despite a strongly reduced or absent day–night cycle, biological clocks in the Polar Night still appear to be regulated by background illumination. Here we explore evidence for highly cyclic activity, from behaviour patterns to clock gene expression, in copepods, krill and bivalves. The ultimate goal will be to understand the role of endogenous clocks in driving important daily and seasonal life cycle functions and to determine scope for plasticity in a rapidly changing environment.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 11
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    Electronic Resource
    The influence of noninstantaneous mixing on the measurement of fluxes of solute and water across a biological membrane (1970)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 1-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The usual method of tracer analysis for calculating the flow across a biological membrance is based on the assumption that the compartments on either side are well-stirred. Thus, the validity of the rate of flow determination is questionable for cases where the distribution of tracer is not homogeneous. In this study, a mathematical model is developed for the purpose of estimating the effect of slow mixing on the calculation of the flow rate. The model is applied to the measurement of the rate of flow of aqueous humor through the living eye by use of a fluorescent dye as a tracer. A transit time of several minutes for the passage of fluorescein through the posterior chamber and an extended period of nonuniform distribution of fluorescein in the anterior chamber was observed. The effect of slow mixing on the calculated flow rate is compared to rates derived from equations based on the assumption of rapid mixing. Aqueous flow rates determined by the two methods were found to agree to within ≈20%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476789
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    The dispersion of indicator in the cardio-pulmonary system (1970)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 25-43 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a three-parameter model of the mechanism of dispersion of an indicator in the cardio-pulmonary system, based on the postulates that this dispersion can be described by the one-dimensional diffusion equation and that dispersion continues past the sampling site. The model is tested using indicator dilution curves obtained from dogs, and the coefficient of diffusion is thus measured. It is found that this coefficient increases in magnitude non-linearly with increasing blood speed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476790
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    The effect of distension of the left ventricle of the heart on the length of the individual myocardial fibers (1970)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 45-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Based on the ellipsoid model of the left ventricle and the helicoidal course of the left ventricular myocardial fibers, a theory has been developed for calculating the length of the individual myocardial fibers. Numerical solutions of the final equation show that when the left ventricle is distended, the increase in length of the myocardial fibers is not uniform throughout the thickness of the myocardial wall. It was shown that with increasing dimensions of the left ventricle, the distension of the myocardial fibers becomes smaller as one advances from the endocardium to the middle layer of fibers, whereas it increases as one advances from the middle layer to the epicardial layer. The mechanism by which this effect is brought about as well as its physiological implications are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476791
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    The gas washout determination under a symmetry assumption (1970)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 59-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In an open circuit gas washout determination the output of test substance is shown to be of the form ∑ i=0 ∞ A i λ i k on thekth expiration whereA i 〉0,i=1,2,... and 1 〉 λ1 ≥ λ2...≥ 0 provided the transition from inspiration to expiration has certain symmetry properties with the transition from expiration to inspiration. In general, no direct physical interpretation such as volume for theA t ’s or fraction of retained gas on expiration for the λ i is justified.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476792
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  • 15
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    Mathematical biology of automobile driving IV (1970)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 71-78 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies by this author of the mathematical biology of automobile driving have emphasized only the biological aspects, except for such mechanical factors as the size of the car. Otherwise, the ideal case of an inertialess car was considered. In this paper the first step is made toward introducing the effects of the mass of the car and the side-slip of the tires when the direction of driving is even slightly altered and combining these with the previously studied biological aspects. Some tentative comparisons with available data are made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476794
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Relaxation methods for the determination of drug receptor affinities (1970)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 65-69 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract According to the occupation theory of drug receptor interaction, the response is a functionf of the number of receptors occupied by drug molecules. Considerable controversy exists regarding assumptions about this function. Without knowledge of the nature of the function, it is not possible to determine directly the rate constants, and hence the affinity constant, in the reaction between the receptor and an agonist drug. Instead, indirect determinations involving the use of antagonists have been employed, limiting the determination of affinity to those agents for which specific antagonists exist. The present paper discusses a method for the direct determination of affinity of an agonist drug. It is a “relaxation method,” i.e., the equilibrium is perturbed and the kinetics of the restoration process are studied. Assuming only thatf is non-decreasing and approximately linear over a limited domain of concentrations, it is shown that the change in response obeys first order kinetics, permitting a determination of the rate constants from the time course of the restoration process.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476793
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  • 17
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    A remark on the course of development of organismic sets (1970)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 79-81 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The basic postulate la, which governs the development of organismic sets, introduced previously (Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics,31, 159–198, 1969), is generalized so as to contain also the rates of changes of the number and variety of differentQ-relations which determine an organismic set. It is thus brought closer to the Lagrangian principle in physics. It is pointed out that the postulate also provides a criterion of stability of an organismic set.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476795
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    In-vivo estimations of the nonlinear pressure-volume relationship of the aorta and instantaneous left ventricular volume (1970)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 155-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A method is presented in this paper for the in-vivo estimation of the nonlinear pressure-volume relationship of the human aorta. The method is based on nonlinear elastic reservoir theory and utilizes clinical data that can be obtained with a high degree of accuracy, namely stroke volume, end diastolic ventricular volume and aortic pressure trace data. The computational procedure is described and then carried out for six cardiac patients. A method for the estimation of instantaneous left ventricular volume during the ejection period based on the considered nonlinear elastic reservoir theory is also presented. The method is applied for the six cardiac patients cited and the results compared with those obtained for the same subjects by a method of estimation based on linear elastic reservoir theory described in a previous paper by the author (1969).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476882
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  • 19
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    The application of the minimal energy hypothesis to a casson fluid (1970)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 249-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Deakin (1967b) suggested that flow of blood might obey a law of minimal energy dissipation. The present paper presents a simpler derivation of Deakin’s equations pointing out several previously unrecognized features. It is shown that these equations are unlikely to be applicable. In particular, the solution obtained by Deakin and Jones (1968) does not yield a true minimum for energy dissipation. The solution for which energy dissipation is actually minimized is shown to possess features which render it unlikely to apply to a real flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476889
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  • 20
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    Some remarks on the Kedem-Katchalsky equations for non-electrolytes (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 237-247 
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    Notes: Abstract The Kedem-Katchalsky equation for the flow of a non-electrolyte through a homogeneous membrane is shown to be a first order expansion of an exact integral of the Spiegler-Bearman-Kirkwood frictional equations under the assumption that the partial frictional coefficients, ζ ij , are concentration independent. The equations are solved in terms of volume flow; there are no water-to-volume flow correction terms for the permeability, ω, or the reflection coefficient, σ. The precision of the expansion depends upon the magnitude of the water flow. The frictional coefficientsf sm andf sw are given as functions of the experimentally determined parameters ω and σ; the frictions, are shown to be independent ofL p .
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    On the average cellular volume in synchronized cell populations (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 459-473 
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    Notes: Abstract As was done by Sinclair and Ross (1969(, we consider a cellular population that consists initially (at time zero) ofN 0 newborn cells, all with the same volumev o. It is assumed that the occurrence of cell division is determined only by a cell’s age, and not by its volume. The frequency function of interdivision times, τ, is denoted byf(τ). If cell death is negligible, the expected number of cells,N(t), will increase according to the laws of a simple age-dependent branching process. The expression forN(t) is obtained as a sum over all generations; thevth term of this sum, in turn, is a multiple convolution integral, reflecting the life history ofvth generation cells (i.e., the lengths of thev successive interdivision periods plus the age of the cell at timet). Assuming that cell volume is a given function of cell age, e.g., linear or exponential, and that cellular volume is exactly halved at each division, it is possible to calculate the volume of a cell with a given life history, and thus the average cellular volume of the whole population as a function of time. If at time zero the volumes differ from cell to cell, the final equation must be modified by averaging over initial volumes. In the case of linear volume increase with age, a very simple asymptotic expression is found for the average cellular volume ast→∞. The case of exponential volume increase with age also leads to a simple asymptotic formula, but the resulting volume distribution is unstable. The mean cellular volume at birth and the second moment of the volume distribution can be calculated in a similar manner.
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    Dynamic analysis, with feedback characterization, of hybrid human musculoskeletal frameworks by the linegraph-flowgraph procedure (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 499-520 
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    Notes: Abstract The dynamic response of human musculo-skeletal framework is treated by (i) idealization of the musculo-skeletal framework as hybrid structural networks possessing feedback characteristics and then (ii) employing linegraph-flowgraph procedures for the feedback characterization of the hybrid structural networks. Topological procedures are used in which a “tree” of a network furnishes the skeleton upon which the “linkage” (muscle representing) members provide interaction. Feedback characterization (representing the sensitivity of the skeletal members to the tensile forces) is defined, between the internal “linkage” and “tree” members, by means of the flowgraph. Mikusinski operational calculus is used to facilitate representation of inertia effects by dynamic feedback characterization, with inclusion of initial conditions.
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    Organismic supercategores: II. On multistable systems (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 539-561 
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    Notes: Abstract The representation of biological systems in terms of organismic supercategories, introduced in previous papers (Bull. Math. Biophysics,30, 625–636;31, 59–70) is further discussed. To state more clearly this representation some new definitions are introduced. Also, some necessary changes in axiomatics are made. The conclusion is reached that any organismic supercategory has at least one superpushout, and this expresses the fact that biological systems are multistable. This way a connection between some results of Rashevsky’s theory of organismic sets and our results becomes obvious.
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    On the mass distribution model for microbial cell populations (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 521-537 
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    Notes: Abstract The full implications of a statistical model for growth of a microbial cell population using cell mass as the index of physiological state have been examined by solving the partial differential integral equations resulting from the model. Calculations reveal that a lag phase is predicted during the initial stages of batch growth although no specific cellular mechanism for the phenomenon of lag had been incorporated into the model. The model predicts several situations of batch and continuous growth in which the population density and biomass concentration show opposing trends due to significant variation in the cell mass distribution with time.
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    Traitement des informations chez les etres vivants: Systemes a services par essais successifs (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 83-148 
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    Notes: Abstract Information treatment, especially in a natural medium, may be done by a random system: given an input, possible solutions are randomly selected and successively tested until the right one is found and then emitted. This paper is a mathematical study of this type of system and its use as a model of some natural (biological) systems. The theoretical development is illustrated by several examples of possible applications to biological cases. We study, under different assumptions, the distribution of the number of trials needed to treat the input, the distribution of the time for this treatment, and the distribution of the average amount of information treated in a trial or in a unit of time. We consider the case of error, and study some optimal conditions of operation and the occurrence of memory influencing the treatment of an input according to previously processed inputs.
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    Energy of nerve impulse (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 151-153 
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    Comments concerning P. C. Voukydis’ “Physiological significance of the geometrical shape of the left ventricle: Course and curvature of the individual myocardial fibers” (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 149-149 
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    Mathematical biology of automobile driving: V (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 173-178 
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    Notes: Abstract The role of some inertial properties of the car, studied previously only for the case when the stimulus for the corrective turn is the perception of the angle between the direction of the car and the direction of a straight lane (Bull. Math. Biophysics,32, 71–78, 1970), is generalized to include such stimuli as the nearness to the edge of the lane and the anticipatory effect for a corrective turn, as well as the combination of all three stimuli. Conditions for stability of driving are deduced and discussed. They now depend on both biological parameters and such parameters as the position of the center of gravity of the car, its mass, and the side slip of the tires.
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    Definition d’une distance entre deux mobiles se deplacant de facon aleatoire sur une droite (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 179-195 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pour le biologiste, la notion dedistance entre deux ou plusieurs éléments d’un ensemble est très utile car elle sert à mesurer laproximité, laparenté, laressemblance qui existe entre ces éléments ou parties selon le caractère auquel on s’intéresse (position géographique, situation chronologique, aptitudes, phénotypes, composition chimique etc...).
    Notes: Abstract Adistance between two mobiles performing a random walk in one dimension is defined. At a given time this distance is directly related to theprobability of encounter for the mobiles. This definition is used when the motion of the mobiles is a Wiener-Levy process, first in the case of an unrestricted random walk, then if a reflecting or absorbing barrier is introduced.
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    Effects of anisotropy and nonhomogeneity on left ventricular stresses in the intact heart (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 197-213 
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    Notes: Abstract The qualitative effects of anisotropy and nonhomogeneity are considered in the evaluation of left ventricular stresses in the intact heart. Maximum stresses and their location are significantly dependent on the nonhomogeneity factors and to a lesser degree on anisotropy of the ventricular wall material. If the circumferential elastic modulus is assumed to vary in a parabolic manner through the wall thickness, maximum stresses occur within the endocardial layers, a result in qualitative agreement with experimental studies.
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    A correction for the effect of the dead space in pulmonary gas washout tests (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 215-218 
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    Notes: Abstract Under the assumption that there is complete mixing in the dead space a series of equations are given which give the values for a washout test of the functional component of the pulmonary bellows (without a dead space) in terms of the washout values of the bellows with a dead space.
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    Respiration of tissue as a medium of heterogeneous permeability (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 219-235 
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    Notes: Abstract Expressions are derived for the overall oxygen consumption and the O2 penetration depth into a tissue section in terms of the basic parameters, of the system under steady-state conditions. The approach differs from many previous analyses in so far as the oxygen molecules are regarded as reaching their sites of chemical assimilation by diffusion through extracellular fluid followed by bulk diffusion into irregular cells of significantly lower permeability. This “two-phase” model would seem to be compatible with the major experimental features of steady-state respiration, and gives a ratio of cellular to extracellular diffusion coefficients of the same low order as that found for inert gases under transient conditions. The greater oxygen penetration predicted by this model is discussed in relation to the survival of ischemic tissue and is shown to be consistent with data for myocardial infarction.
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    Analytical solutions for the specific activities of a traced substance within the component parts of a simulated kidney-ureter system (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 263-278 
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    Notes: Abstract Two models for a kidney-ureter system are considered: one model of one vessel in which a traced substance, undergoing exchange between the vessel and an external compartment, is emptying into the ureter; the second model of two approximately parallel, identical vessels in which a traced substance, undergoing exchange between each vessel and an external compartment, is emptying into the ureter. A single impulsive input of label into a vessel is assumed. For mathematical simplicity, the major conditions imposed on each system are: (1) rapid mixing transverse to a vessel axis and no mixing longitudinal to a vessel axis within the plasma; (2) small variation of the specific activity within the plasma in the longitudinal direction to a vessel axis; (3) constant flow rate of urine into the ureter and (4) constant exchange coefficients, tubule flow velocity and traced substance concentrations within individual compartments.
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    The motion of the left ventricle—III (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 279-291 
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    Notes: Abstract We use the concept of a layered wall, where each separate layer is to be homogeneous, isotropic, and incompressible, to derive stress-strain relations for the middle layer muscle ring at the transverse midsection of the left ventricle; a convenient method of formulation is that based on the elastic potential function. The hoop or circumferential stress in all three layers is found using dimensional and mechanical parameters derived earlier. The various parameters are expressed as Fourier series so that their behavior over a complete ventricular cycle is known analytically. The cases of simple elongation and what we termcurvilinear simple elongation are considered for the middle layer muscle ring strain, and the resulting stress-strain relations are derived. The results are compared with an incompressible rubber-like material known as a Mooney material.
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    Transient thermal behavior in biological systems (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 303-314 
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    Notes: Abstract The Peaceman-Rachford finite difference method is applied to cylindrically symmetric, transient heat conduction problems in biological media. Inhomogeneous media and internal sources which vary in both space and time are permitted. Boundary conditions are satisfied without sacrificing high local resolution by means of an exponentially stretched grid. Computation time on a Philco 2000/210 computer is approximately 5 msec per grid point per time step.
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    International Symposium on Mathematical Biology (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 601-601 
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    Physiological significance of the geometrical shape of the left ventricle: Course and curvature of the individual myocardial fibers (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 599-600 
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    A concentric layer model for estimating the energy expenditure of the left ventricle (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. 581-598 
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    Notes: Abstract The energy cost of the left ventricle is quantitatively analyzed on the basis of the following assumptions: (1) The left ventricle is assumed to be an isotropic, homogeneous elastic, thick, spherical shell. (2) The ventricular wall is made up of a finite number of thin concentric shells. (3) The energetics of the left ventricle is in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics. An expression for the work done during ventricular contraction is derived according to the definition of physical work. The energy liberation during isovolumic contraction is formulated parallel to the concepts of heat production in skeletal muscle during isometric contraction. This expression gives the total work done per stroke in terms of mean systolic pressure, end diastolic volume, stroke volume and wall thickness during diastolic phase.
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    Ernesto Trucco (1970)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 32 (1970), S. i 
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    Die Distributivität in der Intervallarithmetik (1970)
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    Computing 5 (1970), S. 6-16 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This paper deals with a characterization of special cases when the distributive law is satisfied in interval arithmetic, a question first formulated byMoore [1]. To find a solution, the basic problem is subdivided into eight cases; in three of them distributivity ever holds, while in other three cases the law is failing. The conditions concerning the remaining cases are combined to a general characterization.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit behandelt die vonMoore [1] aufgeworfene Frage nach einer Charakterisierung der Sonderfälle, für die das distributive Gesetz in der Intervallarithmetik Gültigkeit hat. Das Ausgangsproblem wird in acht Fälle unterteilt, die einzeln behandelt werden; in dreien gilt das Gesetz immer, in weiteren dreien versagt es. Die Bedingungen, die sich für die beiden restlichen Fälle angeben lassen, werden zu einer allgemeinen Charakterisierung zusammengefaßt.
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    Über einen Automaten mit Pufferspeicherung (1970)
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    Computing 5 (1970), S. 57-70 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A class of automata with tape has been defined and considered as recognition devices. Our automaton can use its working tape only as a buffer, i. e. in a “first-in-first-out” manner. Some modifications of the general model are considered, especially the deterministic, real-time version. The position in theChomsky hierarchy of the class of languages accepted by such automata and some operations with these languages have been investigated. Some results on decidability questions are cited.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Automat mit Speicherband eingeführt und in seiner Eigenschaft als erkennender Automat untersucht. Er kann sein Arbeitsband nur als Puffer benutzen, d. h. was zuerst eingelesen wird, wird auch zuerst wieder ausgelesen. Es werden verschiedene Modifikationen des Grundmodells, insbesondere aber die deterministische, in Realzeit arbeitende Version betrachtet, sowohl hinsichtlich der Lage der durch den Automatentyp definierten Sprachklasse in derChomsky-Hierarchie, als auch das Verhalten dieser Sprachen gegenüber gewissen Operationen. Einige Resultate über Entscheidbarkeitsfragen werden zitiert.
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    Buchbesprechungen (1970)
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    Computing 5 (1970), S. 89-96 
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    Zur Einschließung der Eigenwerte vollstetiger positiver Operatoren in separablen Hilbert-Räumen (1970)
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    Computing 5 (1970), S. 17-26 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In the first part of this paper a method is given, which permits enclosing the first eigenvalue of positive completely continuous Operators in a separableHilbert space. The interval of enclosing, constructed by the orthogonal-invariants does not need arbitrary initial elements but needs knowledge of variety of the first eigenvalue. For numerical computation of the variety a method is proposed which supposes knowledge of estimation of the quotient of the first and second eigenvalue. The problem of enclosing higher order eigenvalues is treated in the second part of this paper.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit soll ein Verfahren angegeben werden, das es gestattet, den ersten Eigenwert eines positiven, vollstetigen Operators in einem separablenHilbert-Raum einzuschließen. Das mit Hilfe der Orthogonalinvarianten konstruierte Einschließungsintervall bedarf keinerlei willkürlicher Anfangselemente, benötigt aber die Kenntnis der Vielfachheit des ersten Eigenwertes. Zur numerischen Berechnung der Vielfachheit wird ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen, das die Kenntnis einer Abschätzung des Quotienten aus dem ersten und zweiten Eigenwert voraussetzt. Die Einschließung der höheren Eigenwerte wird im zweiten Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit behandelt.
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    Algorithmus 12 Ein ableitungsfreies Verfahren zur Lösung endlich-dimensionaler nichtlinearer Gleichungssysteme (1970)
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    Computing 5 (1970), S. 82-88 
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    Zur Einschließung der Eigenwerte vollstetiger positiver Operatoren in separablen Hilbert-Räumen (1970)
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    Computing 5 (1970), S. 119-127 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The construction of intervals of enclosing for higher order eigenvalues of positiveHilbert-Schmidt operators in a separableHilbert space is reduced to the problem of the interval of enclosing for the first order eigenvalue of a positiveHilbert-Schmidt operator.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Konstruktion von Einschließungsintervallen für die höheren Eigenwerte positiverHilbert-Schmidtscher Operatoren in separablenHilberträumen wird auf die Aufgabe zurückgeführt, ein Einschließungsintervall für den ersten Eigenwert eines positivenHilbert-Schmidtschen Operators anzugeben.
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    Klassische Runge-Kutta-Formeln fünfter und siebenter Ordnung mit Schrittweiten-Kontrolle (1970)
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    Computing 5 (1970), S. 184-184 
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    Zur Mehrdeutigkeit bei der Approximation in der L p -Norm mit Hilfe rationaler Funktionen (1970)
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    Computing 5 (1970), S. 349-355 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In 1967Cheney andGoldstein presented a paper on mean square approximation by generalized rational functions. The problem of uniqueness of the best approximation remained unsolved. In this paper it is shown, that there may be several different rational functions which are bestL p -approximation (1≤p〈∞) of a given function.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer Arbeit vonCheney undGoldstein aus dem Jahre 1967 wurden die Probleme untersucht, die sich im Zusammenhang mit der rationalen Approximation einer gegebenen stetigen Funktion in derL 2-Norm stellen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll unter anderem die vonCheney undGoldstein offengelassene Frage der Eindeutigkeit der besten rationalen Approximation untersucht werden.
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    Die Frequenzkennlinien (1970)
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    Computing 5 (1970), S. 394-394 
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    Domains of uncertainty for perturbed operator equations (1970)
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    Computing 5 (1970), S. 312-323 
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    V. Internationaler Kongreß über Anwendungen der Mathematik in den Ingenieurwissenschaften in Weimar (V. IKM) (1970)
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    Computing 5 (1970), S. 332-332 
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    Ableitungsfreie Verfahren ohne Auflösung linearer Gleichungen (1970)
    Springer
    Computing 5 (1970), S. 71-81 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Iteration methods are given for the solution of nonlinear equations in normed spaces requiring functionvalues and first-order divided differences. The latter may be replaced by derivations. The linear equations of each iteration step are solved only approximatively but this does not diminish the order of convergence.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Lösung von nichtlinearen Gleichungen in normierten Räumen werden Iterationsverfahren angegeben, die Funktionswerte und Steigungen erster Ordnung benutzen. Es ist möglich, die Steigungen durch Ableitungen zu ersetzen. Die linearen Gleichungen, die in jedem Iterationsschritt auftreten, werden nur näherungsweise gelöst. Dabei ist es wichtig, daß hierdurch keine Verringerung der Konvergenzgeschwindigkeit eintritt.
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    Mechanisierung von Dreieckskonstruktionen (1970)
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    Computing 5 (1970), S. 128-135 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The intelligent behavior of a highschool student, who constructs triangles from three given pieces shows that he generates auxiliary points of a tree-like structure by means of geometric loci. The formalization of this leads to a system of points, geometric loci and rules. In each case the mechine is able to decide whether and how the triangle can be contructed and this leads to the decision-procedure we called the „Dreiecksalgorithmus”.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Analysiert man das Verhalten eines intelligenten Schülers bei der Konstruktion eines Dreiecks aus drei gegebenen Stücken, so erkennt man, daß er mittels geometrischer Örter Hilfspunkte eines baumartigen Gebildes erzeugt. Eine Formalisierung dessen führt auf Listen von Punkten, geometrischen Örtern und auf ein Regelsystem. Die Maschine kann damit in jedem Fall entscheiden, ob und wie das Dreieck aus den gegebenen Stücken konstruierbar ist, und das ist das Entscheidungsverfahren, das wir „Dreiecksalgorithmus” genannt haben.
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    Topological invariants of matrices (1970)
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    Computing 6 (1970), S. 97-103 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur Definition und Charakterisierung der Zusammenhangs- und Repetitionsstruktur von Matrizen vorgeschlagen.—Im Anschluß an die Definition des “Vokabulars” der einzelnen Zeilen (Spalten) werden die numerischen Invarianten (Betti-Zahlen) eines simplizialen Komplexes bestimmt, der als der sogenannte “Nerv” des Systems der Zeilen-(Spalten-)Vokabulare erhalten wird. Die Berechnung erfolgt über die Inzidenzmatrizen des Nervs. Einige Hinweise auf Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und ein elementares Beispiel beschließen die Note.
    Notes: Summary A method is proposed for characterising the connectivity- and repetitivity-structure of matrices. After defining the “vocabularies” of the single rows (columns) we calculate the numerical invariants (Betti-numbers) of a simplicial complex, the “nerve” of the system of vocabularies, via incidencematrices.
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    Über eine Klasse komplexer Intervallgleichungssysteme mit iterationsfähiger Gestalt (1970)
    Springer
    Computing 6 (1970), S. 104-106 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In two previous papers [3] and [4] were deduced some statements for certain interval equations over the real number field concerning the existence and uniqueness of the solution and the convergence of iteration methods for the evaluation of the solution. This paper shows, how these statements and their proofs can be extended to analogous interval equations over the complex number field.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In früheren Arbeiten [3] und [4] wurden für gewisse Intervallgleichungssysteme über dem Körper der reellen Zahlen Kriterien für die Existenz und Eindeutigkeit einer Lösung sowie die Konvergenz von Iterationsverfahren zur Bestimmung der Lösung bewiesen. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, wie diese Kriterien und ihre Beweise zu verallgemeinern sind, damit sie auch für entsprechende Intervallgleichungssysteme über den komplexen Zahlen gelten.
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    Ein kontinuierliches Modell für Kraftfahrzeugströmungen (1970)
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    Computing 6 (1970), S. 107-120 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Mathematical description of traffic flow has been tried repeatedly. Two types of theories are to be distinguished: Discrete traffic flow theories start from a system of differential equations for functionsx n (t) describing the routes of single cars. Continuous flow models require solution of a partial differential equation for the velocityv (x, t) and determination of trajectoriesx (t; c) of the velocity field thus obtained. In this paper these integrations for general initial and boundary conditions of a continuous flow model are performed. Treatment of a special case is added, yielding a flexible graphic method for solution of traffic flow problems. As an example of application, a frequently occurring traffic situation is analysed with this theory.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Beschreibung des Kraftfahrzeugverkehrs in mathematischer Form ist mehrfach versucht worden. Es lassen sich zwei Typen von Ansätzen unterscheiden: Die diskreten Fahrzeugfolgetheorien gehen von einem Differentialgleichungssystem für die Bahnkurvenx n (t) der einzelnen Fahrzeuge aus. Die kontinuierlichen Strömungsmodelle verlangen die Lösung einer partiellen Differentialgleichung für die Strömungsgeschwindigkeitv (x, t) sowie die Ermittlung der Trajektorienx (t; c) im so entstandenen Geschwindigkeitsfeld, die als Bahnkurven der Fahrzeuge interpretiert werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden für ein kontinuierliches Modell die genannten Integrationen bei allgeneinen Anfangs- und Randbedingungen geschlossen durchgeführt. Daran schließt sich die Behandlung eines Spezialfalles an, aus dem sich ein flexibles graphisches Verfahren zur Lösung von Kraftfahrzeugströmungsproblemen gewinnen läßt. Als Beispiel einer Anwendung wird ein im Verkehr häufig auftretender Effekt mit Hilfe dieser Theorie graphisch untersucht.
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    Investigation of a certain stray process applied to the optimum synthesis problems (1970)
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    Computing 6 (1970), S. 139-160 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein neues Stichprobenverfahren vorgeschlagen, das zur Untersuchung von zulässigen Gebieten in der Optimalsynthese dient. Die Methode ist gekennzeichnet durch einen größeren Wirkungsgrad der Stichproben und bevorzugt die Grenze und ihrer Nachbarschaft gegenüber dem Inneren des zulässigen Gebietes. Der Algorithmus des Irren-Prozesses und die Untersuchungsresultate werden beschrieben. Die Anwendung wird durch Beispiele illustriert. Die Resultate bei der Anwendung verschiedener Methoden werden verglichen. Die verwendeten Rechenautomaten waren GIER und ZAM-2 Computer.
    Notes: Summary A new method is proposed for the random checking of the region of admissible solutions of synthesis problems by means of digital computers. This method is characterized by increasing efficiency of random checking and by preference of the boundary and its neighbourhood to the interior of the region. The algorithm of the stray process is described. The paper contains also the test results of the influence of various parameters on the process. The application of the method is illustrated by examples. The results obtained by different methods are confronted. The computers used were the GIER and ZAM-2 computers.
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    Über die aus monoton zerlegbaren Operatoren gebildeten Iterationsverfahren (1970)
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    Computing 6 (1970), S. 161-172 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary By means of monoton decomposable operators,Collatz, Albrecht andSchröder have considered a variety of iterative methods, by which they get inclusion sets for the solution of system of simultaneous linear or nonlinear equations for example. It is shown, that these methods are special cases of basic iterative methods for equations with interval coefficients. In the concluding part of this paper a general convergence theorem in aRieszian-space is given.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Vor allem vonCollatz, Schröder undAlbrecht wurden mit Hilfe des Begriffes des monotonen Operators verschiedene Iterationsverfahren betrachtet, welche Einschließungsmengen zum Beispiel für die Lösung eines linearen oder nichtlinearen Gleichungssystems liefern. Im folgenden wird der Zusammenhang zwischen diesen Verfahren und der Intervallrechnung hergestellt. Es zeigt sich, daß diese Verfahren als Spezialfälle in den auf Intervallbasis gebildeten Iterationsverfahren enthalten sind. Im abschließenden Teil der Arbeit wird ein allgemeiner Konvergenzsatz in einemRieszschen Raum angegeben.
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    A finite difference method for analyzing the compression of poro-viscoelastic media (1970)
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    Computing 6 (1970), S. 342-348 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Zunehmen der Kompression von wassergesättigten, porösen Medien läßt sich aus der Kontinuitätsgleichung, demDarcyschen Gesetz und einer passenden Druck-Ausdehnungsbeziehung herleiten. Theorien einer sekundären Verdichtung nehmen an, daß die tatsächliche Druck-Ausdehnungsbeziehung zeitabhängig ist. Eine Form dieser Charakterisierungsart ist ein System von linearen, viscoelastischen Modellen. Das ausgewählte Model besteht aus einem elastischen Element in Serie mit einer beliebigen Anzahl vonKelvin-Einheiten. Formuliert wird dieses System als Differential-Integral-Gleichung. Es wird ein endliches Differenzenschema entwickelt, in dem die beherrschende gewöhnliche Differential-Integralgleichung in ein Gleichungssystem übergeführt wird, das aus WärmeleitungsundEuler-Gleichungen besteht. Ein Stabilitätstheorem wird bewiesen.
    Notes: Summary The progress of compression of a water saturated porous medium is derivable from the equation of continuity,Darcy's law, and an appropriate effective stressdilation relationship. Theories of secondary consolidation assume that the effective stress-dilatation relationship is time-dependent. One form of this type of characterization is a system of linear viscoelastic models. The system chosen consists of an elastic element in series with an arbitrary number ofKelvin units. The formulation of this system is a differential-integral equation. The integral portions of the equation are a series of convolution integrals. A finite difference scheme is developed in which the single governing differential-integral equation is broken up into a system of equations of the heat conduction andEuler types. A stability theorem is proved.
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    Sur une propriété de transfert concernant les boules de Rn (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 1-5 
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    Modules over commutative Banach algebras (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 6-14 
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    Über Treffanzahlen in Figurengittern (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 21-29 
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    Über Wahrscheinlichkeiten räumlicher Bündelungserscheinungen (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 30-40 
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    Anwendung der Störungstheorie auf den Vertauschungssatz der Liereihen (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 15-20 
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    Nullstellen bei Lösungen komplexer linearer Differentialgleichungen 2. Ordnung (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 41-49 
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    Algebraische Gleichungen über universalen Algebren (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 50-55 
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    Über Unterbäume eines Baumes (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 56-62 
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    Zur Linearisierung analytischer Differentialgleichungssysteme in der Nähe einer Gleichgewichtslage (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 63-69 
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    Trennung und Zusammenhang (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 70-87 
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    Der Vierscheitelsatz in Relativ- und Minkowski-Geometrie (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 97-107 
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    Buchbesprechungen (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 88-96 
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    Ein metrischer Satz in der Theorie der C-Gleichverteilung (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 108-118 
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    Die Doppeltangenten und Haupttangenten des Torus (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 119-137 
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    Fields of planar bodies tangent to spheres (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 145-149 
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    On the convergence parameter of infinite non-negative matrices (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 138-144 
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    Über den Satz von Borel-Rényi in der Theorie der Cantorschen Reihen (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 150-153 
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    On divisor problems in connection with squarefree numbers (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 154-165 
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    Über Typen des orbitalen Stabilitätsverhaltens (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 172-178 
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    Zur simultanen homogenen diophantischen Approximation III (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 166-171 
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    Zu einem Banachraum analytischer Funktionen von H. Hornich (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 179-182 
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    Buchbesprechungen (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 183-192 
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    Über die Durchschnitte von translationsgleichen Polyedern (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 223-238 
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    Ein analytisches Modell der projektiven Liniengeometrie (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 193-210 
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    Über Polynome und Polynomfunktionen auf Verbänden (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 239-243 
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    Stability properties of(r(t)u′)′+a(t) f(u) g(u′)=0 (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 211-222 
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    Eine Verallgemeinerung des Differenzenkörpers (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 258-272 
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    Untersuchung über die Schrittanzahl des euklidischen Algorithmus bei Anwendung auf echte Brüche (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 244-257 
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    Eine Bemerkung zu einem Ergebnis von N. G. de Bruijn (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 273-276 
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    Buchbesprechungen (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 277-288 
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    On approximate identities in abstract, measure spaces (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 289-301 
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    Remark on the graphs with a central symmetry (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 302-307 
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    On Dini derivatives and on a property of denjoy (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 323-329 
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    Über windschiefe Böschungsflächen und Konoide im Großen (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 308-322 
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    Idempotency of circuit-induced exchange operators (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 330-335 
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    Funktionen über lokal endlichen Halbordnungen I (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 336-347 
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    On minimal vanishing algebras (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 348-350 
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    Verallgemeinerung der Sätze von Borsuk-Ulam und Lusternik-Schnirelmann-Borsuk auf nichtantipodische Punktepaare (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 351-370 
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    Buchbesprechungen (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 371-384 
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    A note on Saalschützian double series (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 385-388 
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    Functions of bounded convexity on rectifiable arcs (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 389-397 
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    Errata to “Summability domains of matrix methods” (1970)
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 74 (1970), S. 398-398 
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