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  • Nature Publishing Group  (8,399)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 1980-1984  (4,688)
  • 1965-1969  (5,741)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1925-1929
  • 1982  (4,688)
  • 1969  (5,741)
Collection
Publisher
Years
  • 1980-1984  (4,688)
  • 1965-1969  (5,741)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An X-ray method for the determination of domain size from the tails of diffraction profiles (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 72-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The paper describes a method for obtaining consistent estimates of domain size from an evaluation of coefficients derived from curves fitted to the tails of diffraction profiles. An estimate of the mean domain size is computed directly from the intensity data and this is equivalent to the value derived from the slope of the variance-range function. For many applications this provides a convenient alternative to the method described by Langford & Wilson (Crystallography and Crystal Perfection. London: Academic Press, 1963) but does not replace it. An advantage of the present method is its simplicity and consequent reduction in computing time. It is easier to apply if a computer is not available and is applicable in cases where one or other of the profile tails overlaps that of a neighbouring line. The results obtained by this method are comparable in accuracy to those given by existing techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188986900656X
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specimen surface preparation errors in quantitative electron-probe microanalysis (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 18-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The usual method of specimen preparation for electron-probe microanalysis can introduce errors of up to about ±3% in the estimates of the amount of an element present. It is believed that these errors are caused by the formation of `flowed' layers on the surfaces of polished samples. Two methods of reducing the errors are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188986900642X
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The crystal structure of arsenic at 4.2, 78 and 299°K (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 30-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The lattice constants and the atomic position parameter, z, of a high purity, low strain, single-crystal of arsenic have been determined. Low extinction reflections of filtered Mo Kα and Ag Kα radiation were used for the determination of z. The Bond precision technique with Mo Kα radiation was used for the determination of the unit-cell dimensions a and c. Average values for a and c in Å, and for z are: 4.2°K z = 0.22764 a = 3.7597 c = 10.4412; 78°K z = 0.22754 a = 3.7595 c = 10.4573; 299±3°K z = 0.22707 a = 3.7598 c = 10.5475. The estimated standard deviation of z is ±0.00004 at 4.2°K, ±0.00002 at 78°K and ±0.00005 at 299°K. The precision of a is estimated to be ±0–0001 Å and that for c to be ±0.0002 Å. The results for As are compared with those reported earlier for Sb and Bi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006443
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Growth of crystals, Volumes 5A, 5B, 6A and 6B edited by N. N. Sheftal' (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 146-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006790
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Strain induced phase transformations in lead monoxide (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 156-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The strain induced phase transformations produced in lead monoxide powders by ball milling at temperatures ranging from −196 to 200°C have been studied by X-ray diffraction methods. It has been found that either of the two polymorphs, litharge and massicot, was partially converted to the other at all the temperatures investigated, and that, whichever polymorph was the starting material, the end product, after a sufficiently long time, was a mixture of the two polymorphs, both highly strained. The percentage of each phase present was found to be dependent on the temperature of deformation. The results have been interpreted by consideration of the production of the microstrain energy required to overcome the energy barrier to the transformation, and of the shear generated in the mill on the pressure-temperature phase diagram. It is considered that shear stresses can affect the nature of the pressure-temperature phase diagram, in a manner theoretically postulated by Kumazawa. The commercial importance of the results has been briefly outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006856
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    The significance of texture parameters in phase analysis by X-ray diffraction (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 176-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The theory of the direct comparison X-ray method of phase analysis is extended to correct for preferred orientation effects. Texture parameters are defined to assess the type and intensity of preferred orientation using data from diffractometer patterns. The analysis is illustrated with results obtained on three austenitic stainless steels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006881
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Structure Reports for 1958. Vol. 22 edited by W. B. Pearson (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 192-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006959
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Synergy of line profile analysis and selected area topography by the X-ray divergent beam method (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 200-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method is presented which combines the analysis of X-ray absorption profiles and selected area X-ray topographs. The method is based on X-ray divergent beam patterns obtained in transmission. The absorption profiles are obtained by unfolding the spectral distribution from the profiles of the deficiency conics, whereas the selected area topographs derive from the corresponding diffraction conics. The synergy of the two techniques makes the method particularly useful for the elucidation of anisotropic effects and inhomogeneities of defect structures. An example is given for the room temperature deformation of beryllium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006984
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  • 9
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    Développements d'une technique de topographie en réflexion des rayons X (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 223-230 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An X-ray reflexion topography camera has been designed to study structural defects near the surface of monocrystalline semiconductors. Large surfaces can be covered by means of successive fixed exposures. A surface of 30 mm x 10 mm for example can be studied in less than ten minutes on nuclear emulsions. The conditions for the observations of dislocations in gallium arsenide have been examined: the choice of reflecting planes is limited by the depth of penetration of X-rays, so that the effective crystal thickness must be of the order of the width of a dislocation image (2-5 microns). Studies to which these observations can be applied are numerous: structural defects induced by diffusion, lattice strains, orientation of dislocations near the surface, structural evolution of silicon during integrated circuits elaboration, structure of cleavage surfaces, lapping and polishing defects, structural defects of epitaxic layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869007011
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  • 10
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    La Fatigue des Métaux by R. Cazaud (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 234-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869007060
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  • 11
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    Igneous rocks and the depths of the earth by R. A. Daly (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 236-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869007114
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Plastic deformation in tungsten carbide (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 249-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The practical importance of tungsten monocarbide prompted an investigation into its wear mechanism. Initial studies on ball-milled tungsten carbide powders revealed considerable plastic deformation, coupled with a reduction in crystallite size. Deformation stacking faults, involving slip on the basal plane, were observed. The work was extended to sintered blocks, tool tips and single crystals. Studies on the worn surfaces of these revealed plastic deformation that extended to a depth of a few microns below the surface. The plastic deformation is an important factor in the wear of tungsten carbide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869007151
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  • 13
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    A method for determination of the rhombohedral angle of SbSn (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 295-297 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method is suggested which allows several independent determinations of the rhombohedral angle using data from a single diffraction pattern. This is applied to the intermetallic compound SbSn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869007230
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  • 14
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    Tests of a Hankel transform method of determining electron densities of long cylinders from small-angle X-ray scattering data (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 297-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The Hankel transform method proposed by Fedorov & Aleshin (1966; Vysokomol. Soed. 8, 1506; English translation, 1967: Polymer Science USSR 8, 1657) for calculating the electron density of long cylindrical particles with circular cross section is tested with theoretical intensity functions for which the density can be found both by an exact calculation and by numerical integration. (In this method, the density is assumed to depend only on the distance from the cylinder axis.) The tests show how the degree of resolution obtained in the density curve is related to the largest scattering angle at which data are available. For the step function density corresponding to a cylinder with uniform electron density, the requirements are more severe than for continuously decreasing density functions. The possibility of obtaining useful results with the available scattering data from two biological macromolecules is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869007242
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  • 15
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    Errors in the bond method of lattice parameter determinations – further considerations (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 247-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A previously given analysis of the beam and specimen tilt errors in the Bond single-crystal method of lattice parameter determinations is extended to give a simple generalized treatment. This shows that the error passes through a maximum in accordance with an empirical observation by other workers. Crystal alignment procedures are examined in the light of the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188986900714X
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  • 16
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    Cathode ray tube display of automatically recorded pole figure data (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 259-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A storage oscilloscope has been attached to the IBM 1800 computer that is used for pole-figure data acquisition. It allows fast plotting of pole figures by modulation of the cathode ray beam according to the pole density as it scans the stereographic projection along a spiral path. The time needed to plot the pole figure is reduced by a factor of eight as compared with a mechanical plotter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869007187
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  • 17
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    Axial thermal expansion of ZrO2 and HfO2 in the range room temperature to 1400°C (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 281-288 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The axial thermal expansion of monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO2 and of monoclinic HfO2 was studied over the temperature range from room temperature to 1400 °C. The linear thermal expansion coefficients were calculated. Thermal expansion along (x 106 per °C) a = 10.31 monoclinic ZrO2, 11.60 tetragonal ZrO2, 9.34 monoclinic HfO2; b = 1.35 monoclinic ZrO2, – tetragonal ZrO2, 2.98 monoclinic HfO2; c = 14.68 monoclinic ZrO2, 16.08 tetragonal ZrO2, 13.10 monoclinic HfO2. Some aspects of the present study, such as anisotropy of thermal expansion and a pretransformation vibrational anomaly, are discussed briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869007217
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  • 18
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    A method of determining cubic parameters suited to the conditions of high- and low-temperature powder diffractometry (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 5-14 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method of measuring accurate cubic lattice parameters is developed which is suited to the type of conditions encountered in high- and low-temperature powder diffractometry. This is based on the fact that the absolute Bragg angle of each line in an indexed cubic diffraction pattern can be determined from a knowledge of the differences in angles between lines. Accurate zero-angle alignment, therefore, is unnecessary. Furthermore, it is shown that the peak or centroid shift of the line profiles arising from the instrumental and physical aberrations can be determined directly from the measured angular data without assuming a specific angular dependence. In practice the accuracy of the method is of the order of 0.0002 Å for a lattice parameter of approximately 8 Å.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882011273
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  • 19
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    Diffraction line profiles and Scherrer constants for materials with cylindrical crystallites (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 20-26 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Calculations of diffraction line profiles and Scherrer constants for crystallites whose external shape has cubic symmetry are extended to crystallites of cylindrical shape. The analysis includes the limiting cases of acicular crystals and disks and, to a reasonable degree of approximation in many cases, to hexagonal prisms. These shapes have applications in size determination for materials which form prismatic crystallites, particularly those which belong to the hexagonal system or have been derived from substances with this symmetry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882011297
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  • 20
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    X-ray line profile analysis of deformed Al (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 35-38 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The Warren–Averbach profile analysis was modified to study the deformed state of Al. The X-ray diffraction effect of dislocations locating on cell boundaries may be treated as `size broadening', while that of dislocations inside cells is `strain broadening', which may be treated with Wilkens's theory. X-ray Debye profile measurement was performed on deformed, recovered and annealed samples of commercial pure Al. Some information concerning the dislocation glide systems and distribution as well as the differences between the deformed and recovered state were given by the Debye profile analysis. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by other authors, which prove the reliability and correctness of the method.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882011315
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  • 21
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    An improved EXAFS-function calculation procedure for materials with small interatomic separation (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 39-47 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The extended structure of the Pt L3 X-ray absorption edge for some platinum compounds was measured and Fourier inverted. It is shown that the way in which the contribution of the isolated atom is subtracted from the absorption spectrum may influence the shape of the first peak in the Fourier transform and possibly lead to erroneous structural interpretations concerning the first-neighbour shell of the absorbing atom. These errors are the more important the smaller the separation between the absorbing atom and its nearest neighbours. An improved method of subtraction of the isolated-atom absorption is proposed and checked.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882011327
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  • 22
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    Characterization of Brazilian high-ash coals by small-angle X-ray diffraction methods (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 251-254 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Changes in the microporosity of several types of Brazilian high-ash coals have been analyzed by small-angle X-ray scattering as a function of thermal treatment. Pore size, determined using Guinier plots, decreased following thermal treatment of the samples. The modification of porosity induced by thermal treatment was similar for high-ash and low-ash coals, from which it may be inferred that mineral content is not a determining factor in the process of pore formation. Internal surface area for the samples was calculated with SAXS data. A correlation is established between the internal surface area values obtained and the carbon content and heat-treatment temperatures of the samples.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882011947
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  • 23
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    Etude des composés à chaînes aliphatiques. I. Synthèse et caractérisation cristallographique des bis(n-alcanoates) de pipérazinium, 2[CxH2x−1O2−].[C4H12N22+] (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 279-281 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Crystal data for the series of piperazinium bis(n-alkanoates) of the type 2[CxH2x − 1O2−] [C4H12N22+] for x = 1 to 16 are presented. Most of these compounds have triclinic unit cells whose dimensions, obtained from single-crystal work, have been used to index their powder diagrams. The a ({\bar a} = 5.718 Å) and b ({\bar b} = 7.481 Å) cell dimensions remain nearly constant while the c dimension and the volume of the unit cell increase linearly with x, the number of carbon atoms in the alkanoate anion. Presumably the aliphatic sequence in the alkanoate anion adopts the fully extended conformation and lies in the bc plane and nearly along the c direction.
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  • 24
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    Thermal expansion of α-HgI2 (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 461-462 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Lattice-constant thermal expansions, Δa/a and Δc/c, have been measured on α-HgI2 single crystals from 293 K up to the red-to-yellow transition temperature. The curves Δa/a(T) and Δc/c(T) are linear. The thermal expansion coefficients are determined: α[100] = (1.0 ± 0.1) × 10−5 K−1 and α[001] = (4.6 ± 0.1) × 10−5 K−1. No evidence of a red-to-orange phase transition could be found.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012369
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  • 25
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    Structural ordering in amorphous TbFe2 and YFe2 (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 452-460 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Total neutron scattering data were collected on sputtered YFe2 at 298 K and TbFe2 at 423 K with a wavelength of 0.7 Å. The TbFe2 data were collected above the magnetic ordering temperature of 383 K. In addition, the elastic neutron scattering of TbFe2 was measured with the use of a pyrolytic graphite analyzer at a wavelength of 1.5 Å, and its total X-ray scattering was measured with Mo radiation and a silicon-lithium drifted detector. Experimental radial distribution functions, with statistical error limits, were calculated. Errors due to an incorrect background, scaling of the data and termination effects were minimized. The scale and shape of the experimental background and the coordination numbers, internuclear distances and disorder parameters, for the first six coordination spheres, have been determined. The contribution of paramagnetic inelastic scattering from TbFe2 to the total neutron scattering is quite appreciable. The shape of the background scattering, which goes through a maximum, is indicative of residual coherence and suggests short-range magnetic ordering where neighboring atom spins are aligned. These effects are not observed in YFe2, nor in the elastic TbFe2 data. The metallic glasses have a structural topology which is quite different from that found in their crystalline analogues. The transition-metal substructure, consisting of corner-sharing tetrahedra, is the only aspect of the crystalline topology preserved in the amorphous phase. The structural parameters suggest a tendency of the rare-earth atoms to cluster, thereby decreasing the number of Fe nearest neighbors relative to the crystalline structure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012357
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  • 26
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    A new CeO2 form obtained as oxidation product of CeO2+SiO2-doped hot-pressed silicon nitride (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 55-59 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: By using data from the Wallace & Ward [J. Appl. Cryst. (1975), 8, 255–260] cylindrical texture camera integrated with other traditional X-ray powder film techniques for very low and very high diffraction angles, a new high-temperature modification of CeO2 was identified and indexed resulting in a trigonal or hexagonal unit cell with a = 8.36(2) and c = 10.42(2) Å, (axial ratio 1.264) and Z = 16. The new phase is an oxidation product of CeO2-doped hot-pressed silicon nitride. It can be quenched to room temperature under appropriate conditions. Its stability on reheating is strictly related to its interaction with the silicate phase.
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    A simple method for the determination of structure-factor phase relationships and crystal polarity using electron diffraction (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 60-64 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Multiple electron scattering between weak beams has been used as the basis for a simple method to determine the absolute polarity of some non-centrosymmetric crystals. For crystals with the sphalerite structure many orientations have been found in which small departures from centrosymmetry produce large effects on the convergent-beam diffraction patterns (microdiffraction). The effects are reasonably independent of thickness and so can be analyzed qualitatively without the use of computers.
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    A novel method for indexing multiple diffraction peaks (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 570-571 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A method is proposed for unambiguously indexing X-ray multiple diffraction patterns obtained with irregularly shaped crystals on a four-circle diffractometer. The method is derived from the orientation matrix together with the operation of crystal rotation. It is shown that this method facilitates the procedures in the experimental method for phase determination.
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    Crystal data for the fluoroalleghanyite series nMn2SiO4MnF2(1,n〈4) (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 574-576 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Unit-cell constants for synthetic fluoroalleghanyite compounds have been determined by the refinement of X-ray powder diffraction data. Manganese norbergite: Pbnm, a = 4.862(2), b = 10.797(3), c = 9.188(2) Å, U = 482.4(4) Å3, Z = 4; alleghanyite: P21/b, a = 4.871(2), b = 10.818(6), c = 8.206(5) Å, α = 108.58(5)°, U = 414.1(7) Å3, Z = 2; manganhumite: Pbnm, a = 4.888 (2), b = 10.712(2), c = 21.749(6), U = 1138.8(5) Å3, Z = 4; sonolite: P21/b, a = 4.889(1), b = 10.668(3), c = 14.239(5), α = 100.83(5)°, U = 731.9(5) Å3, Z = 2. The JCPDS Powder Diffraction File numbers are: for manganese norbergerite 33–1500; for alleghanyite 33–1499; for manganhumite 33–1498; for sonolite 33–1497.
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    A systematic method for aligning double-focusing mirrors (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 577-577 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    Notes and News (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 577-578 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Mössbauer spectroscopy and its chemical applications edited by J. G. Stevens and G. K. Shenoy (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 579-579 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Neutron transmutation doped silicon edited by J. Guldberg (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 579-580 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Crystal data for a new family of phases, Li3Mg2XO6:X=Nb, Ta, Sb (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 116-119 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Three members of a new family of phases, Li3Mg2XO6: X = Nb, Ta, Sb, have been prepared by solid-state reaction of MgO and Li3XO4. Unit-cell parameters of Li3Mg2TaO6 determined by electron diffraction and refined by X-ray powder diffraction are a = 8.883(2), b = 5.802(2), c = 17.437(6) Å, with space group Fddd; z = 8. Powder diffraction data of Li3Mg2NbO6 and Li3Mg2SbO6 were indexed by analogy with those of Li3Mg2TaO6 and unit-cell dimensions obtained by least-squares refinement: Li3Mg2NbO6 a = 8.552(2), b = 5.897(1), c = 17.721(5) Å; Li3Mg2SbO6 a = 8.614 (1), b = 5.908(1), c = 17.759(5) Å.
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    Etude cristallographique de la phase de transition M'' dans Al–8%Zn–1%Mg (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 590-593 
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    Notes: The structure of the transition phase M′ in AlZnMg alloys has been studied by Buerger X-ray precession photographs and transmission electron microscopy. The M′ phase, also called η′ or R, has a hexagonal or pseudo-hexagonal cell with a = 4.96, c = 14.03 Å. It is confirmed that M′ precipitates are hexagonal platelets with the following epitaxy: (00.1)M′//(111)Al and |10.0|M′//1{\bar 1}0|Al. It is shown that none of the known models of the unit cell accounts for the observed scattered intensities.
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    Accurate separation of X-ray α1–α2 doublets by the `substitution method' (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 602-604 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: An improved `substitution method' for the separation of X-ray diffraction α1−α2 doublets is based on the possibility of refining both the proportionality constant between the α1 and α2 contributions to the line intensity and the doublet separation expressed in terms of the diffraction angle or of a related variable in the reciprocal space. Optimization of these two parameters, with a proper evaluation of the error, clearly shows the statistical nature of the oscillations appearing on the high-angle side of the pure α1 component after correction; their elimination by polynomial smoothing can therefore be performed and a procedure is suggested for achieving this result. A computer program, based on these principles, has been written and tested in many practical cases.
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    Time-of-flight neutron small-angle scattering from a superconducting composite wire (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 611-614 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The precipitation behavior in the Ti–27at.%Nb–6at.%Ta–6at.%Zr alloy aged at 643 K was examined by means of time-of-flight neutron small-angle scattering. When the alloy was aged, fine-scale α precipitates appeared. During the precipitation process, each precipitate grew in size, but the total number of precipitates remained nearly constant up to 1 Ms of ageing. The increase of critical superconducting current density could be connected with increasing size of α precipitates. The specimen for the measurements consisted of a composite containing 3721 filaments in a copper matrix. The use of neutrons was shown to give great advantages for the investigation of precipitation phenomena.
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    Ultra-high-vacuum heating camera for in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray topographic studies: erratum (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 632-632 
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    Notes: The wrong original was used for Fig. 6(b) of Gastaldi, Jourdan, Marzo, Allasia & Jullien [J. Appl. Cryst. (1982), 15, 391–395]. The correct version of Fig. 6(b) is given. In Fig. 6(c) the growth time increases from right to left.
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    Crystal data for high-temperature dicalcium lead propionate, Ca2Pb(CH3CH2COO)6 (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 635-636 
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    Notes: The high-temperature paraelectric phase of dicalcium lead propionate, DCLP, at 363 ± 5 K is tetragonal, with a = 12.574 (6), c = 17.403 (9) Å, V = 2751.4 Å3, Z = 4 and corresponds to the space group P41212 (or P43212). The thermal expansion curve shows the transition somewhere between 328 and 343 K.
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    Crystallographers (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 638-638 
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    Prices of Acta Crystallographica and Journal of Applied Crystallography (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 638-639 
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    Notes and News (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 639-639 
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    Current Crystallographic Books 1970 through 1981 (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 640-676 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Examination of errors in the determination of phase boundary thickness by small-angle X-ray scattering (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 182-189 
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    Notes: The method of determining the thickness of a diffuse phase boundary with density profile governed by equilibrium conditions is proposed. It follows the well known procedure of analyzing the deviations from Porod's law. Errors in the obtained boundary thickness, owing to the statistical scatter in the intensity data and to the difficulty of separating the effect of density fluctuations within the phases, are examined. For this purpose, scattering curves are synthesized on the basis of a well defined model structure with known boundary thicknesses. These synthesized curves, when analyzed according to the proposed method, yield the correct boundary thickness under favorable conditions, but are also shown to lead to very erroneous results in some cases.
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    Experimental and computed HREM images of the structure and defects in gadolinium silicate (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 211-215 
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    Notes: Monoclinic Gd2SiO5 has been investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) at 100 kV. Structure images are observed in the [100] and [001] projections and calculations of the image contrast using the multislice approximation are carried out to interpret the observations. For thin samples the image fit is improved by Fourier filtering of the observed images. For thicker samples the fit is found to be very sensitive to small tilt deviations of the zone axis to the electron beam. For defects observed in a fast-cooled specimen, a model in which Gd atoms replace Si atoms in segments along the (100) plane is proposed and tested by contrast calculations. These defects may be one of the reasons for deviations from stoichiometry as frequently observed in rare-earth silicates.
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    A low-temperature X-ray Weissenberg goniometer with closed-cycle cooling to about 28 K (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 241-244 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A low-temperature camera for single-crystal X-ray investigation between 28 and 350 K has been developed for a modified Weissenberg goniometer. Cooling is provided by a double-stage cryorefrigerator which is firmly attached to the low-temperature camera. Stranded copper cables ensure a flexible heat transfer between crystal and cold finger allowing a crystal rotation of 180°. Compared to the usual Weissenberg technique almost no further limitation is given on the accessible angular range of the scattered radiation.
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    Crystal powder data of MoGa5(CuS2)0.0556 (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 248-248 
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    Notes: The X-ray powder data have been obtained for a new phase MoGa5(CuS2)0.0556. The powder patterns were indexed on the basis of a tetragonal body-centred unit cell with the lattice constants a = 12.872, c = 5.284 Å, c/a = 0.410, dm = 6.825(8), dx = 6.869 Mg m−3, Z = 8.
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    Commission on Journals. Chemical Formulae and Nomenclature (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 249-249 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Molecular Structures and Dimensions (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 250-250 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    The derivation of the axes of the conventional unit cell from the dimensions of the Buerger-reduced cell (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 255-259 
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    Notes: The identification of twofold axes is straightforward if the cell is based on three of the shortest lattice translations. The distribution of twofold axes in space fixes the lattice symmetry and most conventional cell edges. A program based on this approach has been written. It works for the seven cases with minimum branching of the algorithm.
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    On `spike' diffuse reflections in electron diffraction patterns of diamonds (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 266-274 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The commonest natural diamonds (classification type Ia) contain platelet defects on {100}, usually with mean diameters in the 20 to 100 nm range, which generate disorder diffuse X-ray reflections in the form of (100) spikes through reciprocal-lattice points. Corresponding spikes in electron diffraction patterns of diamonds, recorded with 100 and 120 kV electrons, have been investigated. It has been established that (100) spikes appear most strongly in electron diffraction patterns of diamonds very rich in platelets, and are absent in the case of platelet-free diamonds (types IIa and IIb). Spikes from diamonds containing relatively large platelets are sharper than those from diamonds containing very small platelets. Multiple scattering of electrons prevents measurement of the dependence of spike intensity upon diffraction order as can be done in the X-ray case. Some experiments with spike electron reflections have been performed that are impossible in the X-ray case. It has been shown that when the crystal volume sampled by the electron beam contains only one platelet, then the spike distribution reduces to a pattern containing only spikes normal to the platelet concerned. Also, dark-field weak-beam microscopy has been applied, by selecting one spike only in the diffraction pattern, to identify orientations of small platelets through the imaging of only those platelets normal to the spike selected.
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    Study of adsorption on powders by surface differential diffraction measurements. Argon on Co3O4 (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 301-307 
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    Notes: The amplitude and phase of a wave scattered by an adsorbed layer can be deduced from the modifications of the Bragg peak of the powder by adsorption. The treatment of experimental data involves the interpretation of a function of the extra intensity detected and has the advantages of an integrated intensity method. Powders containing crystallites limited by several types of faces can be studied. The Co3O4 sample studied is limited only by (110) and (111) faces of respective areas 11 and 27 m2 g−1. The (111) planes terminating crystallites contain oxygen covering a layer of cobalt in octahedral sites. Other possible terminating layers are ruled out for (111) planes. The structures of the bidimensional layers of argon on (110) and (111) planes are determined.
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    The variance as a measure of line broadening: corrections for truncation, curvature and instrumental effects (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 315-322 
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    Notes: A correction for the unavoidable truncation of line profiles and an improved correction for the inherent curvature of the variance–range function are discussed. An analytical procedure for making the corrections is proposed and applied to theoretical and practical small-crystallite line profiles. An alternative procedure for obtaining the integrated intensity, and hence the integral breadth, and the variance (Fourier) apparent size is also presented.
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    Information content and retrieval in solution scattering studies. I. Degrees of freedom and data reduction (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 289-300 
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    Notes: As a consequence of several technological developments, the speed and sensitivity of solution X-ray (and neutron) scattering studies have recently risen by factors which may be as large as 105; formal problems – like assessing the information content of the data and retrieving that information in structural terms – have thus become of immediate practical interest. The general problem of the information content of scattering experiments is discussed; its mathematical expression is derived, which depends on both the experimental data (observed values and estimated accuracy) and the a priori stochastic assumptions on the structure of the sample. The practical application of these notions to solution scattering studies involves several steps, three of which – choice of the degrees of freedom, data reduction and error analysis – are dealt with in this work. The first step is to specify the minimal number of independent parameters necessary and sufficient to describe the whole of the scattering properties of the system. Whenever the solute particles are of finite dimensions the entire scattering curve is defined by its values at a one-dimensional lattice; if, moreover, the asymptotic trend of the scattering curves is known, then the degrees of freedom are the ideal intensities at a finite number of points plus a small number of parameters describing the asymptotic trend. It is also possible to include among the degrees of freedom a few subsidiary parameters like the normalization factors. The next step is, starting from a composite set of data, to determine the most probable numerical value of each degree of freedom and to evaluate its range of uncertainty. This is discussed within the framework of variable-contrast studies, assuming that the invariant-volume hypothesis is fulfilled. An algorithm is formulated which treats all the experimental observations and determines simultaneously all the degrees of freedom and the error matrix. The algorithm also allows one to introduce additional linear constraints on the degrees of freedom. As an example, the algorithm is applied to solution X-ray scattering data recorded with a low-density serum lipoprotein. The determination of the maximal chord of the particle – an important parameter in the informational analysis – turns out to be rather tricky.
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    Macromolecular crystallography with synchrotron radiation: photographic data collection and polarization correction (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 330-337 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The design and operation of a focusing camera for high-resolution macromolecular crystallography with synchrotron radiation (SR) are described. The performance of this service-oriented instrument is evaluated on the basis of five years of use. Standard procedures for data collection, data processing and data reduction have been modified to take unusual features of the SR source into account; the effect of polarization is thoroughly discussed.
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    Oscillation camera data processing: reflecting range and prediction of partiality. I. Conventional X-ray sources (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 338-351 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Expressions are developed for reflecting range from various models, and the practical application of these in terms of reflection prediction and calculation of partiality is discussed here for conventional sources. Synchrotron sources utilizing focusing monochromator systems, where the wavelength of the radiation incident at the sample is correlated with the angular direction of that radiation, are dealt with elsewhere. Even for conventional sources spectral dispersion is shown to be an important factor, particularly in the case of high-resolution data. The various published methods are discussed and expressions are derived from first principles showing that all are inherently equivalent, differing only when approximations are used, and revealing a missing factor of two in the treatments of Rossmann [J. Appl. Cryst. (1979), 12, 225–238] and Rossmann, Leslie, Abdel-Meguid & Tsukihara [J. Appl. Cryst. (1979), 12, 570–581]. Particular emphasis is placed on the method which uses a spherical reciprocal-lattice volume element whose dimensions are designed to reproduce the expected or observed reflecting ranges, showing that for all practical purposes the effects of beam cross-fire, mosaic spread and spectral dispersion can be adequately simulated by such a volume. The equations for reflecting range are of particular interest in the electronic stationary-picture method and in the use of electronic area detectors.
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    The Rietveld method in neutron and X-ray powder diffraction (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 361-374 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: In the Rietveld method of analysing powder diffraction data, the crystal structure is refined by fitting the entire profile of the diffraction pattern to a calculated profile. There is no intermediate step of extracting structure factors. The method was applied first to diffraction patterns recorded with neutrons at a fixed wavelength. It has now been used successfully for the treatment of results from the four categories of experimental technique, with neutrons or X-rays as the primary radiation and with the scattered intensity measured at a fixed wavelength or at a fixed scattering angle. In this article we discuss the application of the Rietveld method to each of these techniques.
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    Non-centrosymmetry tests for potassium feldspars: an application of the second-harmonic generator technique (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 540-541 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Second-harmonic generator tests for non-centrosymmetry have been applied to five monoclinic potassium feldspars. Four samples yielded null results; one specimen displayed a positive test for non-centrosymmetry.
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    Aggregation of clay particles as indicated by indirect transforms of small-angle scattering data (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 564-566 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Clays prepared by sedimentation from aqueous suspension were shown to contain aggregates much larger than individual clay particles. Small-angle X-ray scattering data were obtained with an automated Bonse–Hart instrument. The distance distribution functions for the clay aggregates were obtained using the Glatter indirect Fourier transform method. The distance distribution function extended to over 200000 Å, and the average radius of gyration was over 50000 Å in the most extreme cases.
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    Interpretation of small-angle scattering curves proportional to a negative power of the scattering vector (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 567-569 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The intensity of the small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering from a polydisperse system of randomly oriented independently scattering particles is shown to be proportional to h−α for all values of the scattering vector h when the distribution of particle dimensions is proportional to r−(2d + 1 − α), where h = 4πλ−1 sin(θ/2);θ is the scattering angle; λ is the wavelength; r is the maximum dimension of a particle; and d is the number of dimensions of the particles. The value of α lies in the interval 0 〈 α 〈 ω, where ω = 4, 2, and 1 for d = 3, 2, and 1 respectively. This relationship between the scattered intensity and the particle-dimension distribution does not depend on the shape of the particles in the polydisperse system, provided that the particle-shape distribution is independent of the distribution of particle dimensions.
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    A method to increase protein-crystal lifetime during X-ray exposure (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 571-573 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A simple method is described for increasing the lifetimes for several crystals of proteins and viruses during collection of high-resolution X-ray diffraction data on film. Crystals are mounted in a capillary filled with mother liquor, with cotton lint fibers nested against them to prevent movement. Some results and limitations of the method are discussed.
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    Diffraction for materials scientists by J. M. Schulz (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 578-578 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    Chemical vapor deposition 1960-1980, a bibliography edited by D. T. Hawkins (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 579-579 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Japan Annual Reviews in Electronics, Computers and Telecommunications (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 580-580 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Determination of notch-tip plasticity by X-ray diffraction and comparison to continuum mechanics analysis (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 594-601 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Dislocation-free silicon crystals of ({\bar 2 \bar 1 \bar 1}) orientation with a hyperbolic notch, subjected to tensile deformation at 1073 K, were used as model material for the analysis of the induced plastic zone. The results obtained by X-ray topography and X-ray rocking-curve measurements were compared to theoretical calculations and predictions based on continuum mechanics. Good agreement between experiment and theory was obtained regarding the shape of the plastic zone, the contribution of the active slip systems to the size of the plastic zone and the direction of the maximum plastic strain trajectory in the zone. Discrepancies between experiment and theory regarding the symmetry relation of the plastic zone lobes and the dislocation density near the notch tip were attributed to the interactions and resulting work-hardening. These aspects were not taken into account in calculations of continuum mechanics.
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    An approach to the isotypical and solid solution problems in multiphase X-ray analysis (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 605-610 
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    Notes: In two previous papers, algorithms designed for searching, matching and identifying phases in qualitative X-ray powder analysis were reported [Schreiner, Surdukowski & Jenkins (1982). J. Appl. Cryst. 15, 513–523, 524–530]. This paper extends the searching technique to unknowns containing isotypical phases and solid solutions. Methods are described for distinguishing among isotypical compounds in qualitative analyses, and for permitting the retrieval of phases in a data base that differ from measured patterns by a uniform Δd/d scale factor.
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    The approximation of asymmetric neutron powder diffraction peaks by sums of Gaussians (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 615-620 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Neutron powder diffractometers operating with large vertical counter acceptance angles produce diffraction patterns in which the peaks are shifted and broadened, and may become distinctly asymmetric. It is shown that a sum of Gaussians generally provides a good approximation to these peaks. The sum of Gaussians has been included as an optional description of the profile within an existing profile refinement program. In this application, the sum incorporates a single asymmetry parameter which can be estimated from the diffractometer geometry or determined in the refinement. It is recommended that, in describing asymmetric peaks, the sum of Gaussians be used in place of the simple Gaussian multiplied by Rietveld's semi-empirical asymmetry factor.
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    The sulphate ion in aqueous solution: an X-ray diffraction study of a ZnSO4 solution (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 621-625 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Two distinct X-ray diffraction studies of 2̃ mol dm−3 ZnSO4 solutions were carried out in order to assess the possibility of studying the state of the sulfate ion in water and to verify whether and how structural information depends on possible differences in experimental data. It is shown that the X-ray diffraction method is unable to provide results capable of unambiguous modelling of the SO2−4 coordination; even the complete omission of sulfate-water interactions does not lead to unsatisfactory synthetic structure functions. This conclusion does not seem to be affected by differences in the experimental data; however, some characteristics of the `best' models can be affected by differences in experimental data that are within the limits of experimental uncertainties.
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    A coordinate X-ray diffractometer based on a two-dimensional proportional chamber and a two-circle goniometer (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 626-631 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A coordinate X-ray diffractometer based on a flat two-coordinate multiwire proportional chamber 350 × 350 × 10 mm and information readout from cathode printed-circuit delay lines is described. The diffractometer is used to study macromolecular single crystals. The chamber is placed on a two-circle goniometer at distances of 300, 500 and 750 mm from the crystal. The diffractometer operates on-line with an SM-2 computer. A diffraction picture is collected in a 64 K 16-bit word computer core memory with the maximum count rate of 250000 events s−1. The detection quantum efficiency of Cu Kα radiation is about 70%. The number of spatial resolution elements of a diffraction picture is ̃50000, the resolution time ̃0.5 μs. The general case of inclined geometry is used. The diffraction picture is collected during quasi-continuous scanning. Control of the diffractometer, data collection and pre-computing X,Z are performed at the same time. The diffractometer makes it possible to study single crystals having unit cells up to 250 Å at a resolution of 3.5 Å and to 84 Å at a resolution of 1.5 Å.
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    New crystal data of some solid transition-metal complexes (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 632-635 
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    Notes: X-ray powder data have been recorded for the 32 complexes: CuL2X2 [L = 2-(2-pyridyl)acetamide (aapH), N-(2-pyridyl)benzamide (bapH), N,N′-diacetyl-2,6-diaminopyridine (daapH), N,N′-dibenzoyl-2,6-diaminopyridine (dbapH); X = Cl, Br]; ML2X2(M = Ni, Co; L = aapH, bapH, daapH, dbapH; X = Cl, Br, I). These data indicate that, in all cases: (a) complexes ML2X2(M = Ni, Co; X = Cl, Br, I) are isomorphous; (b) complexes CuL2X2(X = Cl, Br) are isomorphous; (c) the Cu complexes are not isomorphous with the Ni and Co analogues (a difference ascribed to the Jahn–Teller effect); and (d) the three points (a)–(c) above are consistent with the available spectral and magnetic data.
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    Simple stereoscopic representation of protein active sites using van der Waals potential contour levels (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 636-637 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: To allow a convenient three-dimensional visualization of protein features and particularly of binding sites van der Waals contour levels are produced on large-scale stereopairs (about 0.3 to 1.0 cm Å-1). A chain of Fortran programs has been written and give screen or paper graphic outputs. The large-scale stereopairs can be easily viewed with only two ordinary mirrors.
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    Crystals: growth, properties and applications. Vol. 5. Silicon edited by J. Grabmaier (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 639-639 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    High-resolution time-of-flight powder diffractometer at the ZING-P'' pulsed neutron source (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 27-34 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A high-resolution time-of-flight powder diffractometer has been operated at Argonne's ZING-P′ pulsed neutron source for over 2½ years. The diffractometer achieves Δd/d≤ 3 × 10−3 over a broad range of plane spacings. Even though the flux at the sample position is comparatively low due to the 18.37 m incident flight path, count rates competitive with typical two-axis diffractometers are achieved because of large detector areas. A Rietveld refinement of data for a standard Al2O3 sample gives results as good as or better than those obtained with the best two-axis diffractometers.
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    Polycrystal scattering topography (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 48-54 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The concept of X-ray diffraction topography, which has been ordinarily applied to single crystals, has been extended to the observation of polycrystals and amorphous materials. This new method utilizes X-rays scattered elastically or inelastically from a specimen to observe polycrystals, and is called polycrystal scattering topography (PST). The principle and some PST techniques are described. The discussion is further extended to the potentiality of PST and an experimental method with synchrotron radiation. In order to demonstrate the capability of this method, several techniques of PST have been applied to metallurgical problems. It has been found that the PST provides a helpful tool in studying polycrystals in which neither X-ray radiography nor X-ray diffraction topography would be helpful.
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    Two-dimensional antiphase structure of Au4Mg studied by high-voltage–high-resolution electron microscopy (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 65-71 
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    Notes: A new structure model of Au4Mg is proposed for the long-period superstructure which exists in the Au–Mg alloys with 16–22 at.% Mg at 570–470 K and gives electron diffraction patterns of the two-dimensional antiphase structure of Cu3Pd-type (2d–Cu3Pd), with the aid of high-resolution structure images taken with the 1000 kV electron microscope. The superlattice has monoclinic symmetry with the space group P21/m (No. 11), and the lattice parameters are A = 5a, B = b, C = 4c and β = 90°, where a(= b) and c(∼a) are those of the fundamental face-centred cell. The structure can be described as the two-dimensional antiphase structure having the first- and second-kind boundaries parallel to (001) and (100), respectively, and the domain size of 2.5a × b × 2c. Nearest-neighbour Mg atom pairs are not formed across the second-kind boundaries in this structure, in contrast with the ideal 2d-Cu3Pd-type structure.
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    A multi-channel solid-state detector (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 89-93 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A five-channel solid-state detector of Si(Li) type has been made together with the necessary data-collecting system. Its characteristics and a preliminary application on the intensity measurements and on the anomalous scattering near the Ga K edge of GaP as a function of X-ray energy are described.
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    Equipping a three-circle single-crystal diffractometer with an Si(Li) solid-state detector and a low-temperature cryostat (80 K) to measure X-ray diffuse intensity (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 94-97 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A diffractometer specifically built for X-ray diffuse intensity measurements is described. The design for a low-temperature cryostat allowing measurements between 80 and 300 K with the sample under vacuum, the use of an Si(Li) solid-state detector, the design of the alignment procedure and the automation are presented.
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    Crystal data for lanthanum chromate(V) (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 102-103 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Abstract LaCrO4 crystallizes in the monoclinic monazite-type structure, space group P21/n; lattice parameters and powder diffraction data are reported.
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    Crystal data for the decavanadates of pyridine, 2-ethlpyridine and 3-ethylpyridine (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 104-105 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Indexed powder patterns of three monoclinic compounds of general formula (BH)3H3V10O28.xH2O, where x = 0.5–1 and B = pyridine (J1), 2-ethylpyridine (J5) and 3-ethylpyridine (J6) are given. The lattice parameters of the unit cells with two molecules are: J1, (C5H5NH)3H3V10O28.0.5H2O, a = 18.567 (1), b = 10.428 (1), c = 11.876 (1) Å, β = 94.67 (1)°; J5, (C7H9NH)3H3V10O28.0.5H2O, a = 8.314 (2), b = 12.094 (3), c = 22.415 (5) Å, β = 93.13 (3)°; J6, (C7H9NH)3H3V10O28.1.0H2O, a = 6.872 (1), b = 11.886 (2), c = 22.643 (4) Å, β = 91.31 (2)°.
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    Crystal data for deacetylpaniculine (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 112-114 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The title compound is a natural alkaloid that crystallizes in the monoclinic system (possible space groups: P21 and P21/m). The lattice constants are a = 14.228(3), b = 15.966(5), c = 14.509(4) Å and β = 97.04(2)°. Indexed powder data are given.
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    Crystal data for the monohydrated uranyl bis(dihydrogen phosphate), UO2(H2PO4)2.H2O, and uranyl bis(dihydrogen arsenate), UO2(H2AsO4)2.H2O (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 119-120 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Guinier patterns of UO2(H2PO4)2.H2O and UO2(H2AsO4)2.H2O have been indexed. They both have space group Cc or C2/c. The cell constants are, for the phosphorous compound: a = 12.892(2), b = 8.745(2) and c = 8.906(2) Å, β = 123.94(2)°, U = 833.0(2) Å3, Dm = 3.48(1), Dc = 3.842 Mg m−3, Z = 4; for the arsenic compound: a = 13.156(2), b = 8.853(1) and c = 9.046(2) Å, β = 124.54(2)°, U = 867.9(2) Å3, Dc = 4.361 Mg m−3, Z = 4. Indexed powder data are given.
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    A generalized library program for texture calculations with even and odd coefficients (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 122-125 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A previously published library program [Wagner, Esling & Baro (1977). Texture Cryst. Solids, 2, 225–241] allowed the creation and storage of the set of numerical values necessary for three-dimensional texture analysis, with the even ranks in the spherical harmonics expansion. To take into account the recent developments in texture analysis, a more general version of this program is proposed, including, besides the calculation for even ranks, its extension to the odd ones. In addition, the formulae and the general analytical expressions, valid whatever the rank l, are given for the set of the calculated constants and functions.
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    A quick and simple method for orienting cubic single crystals from Laue back-reflection photographs (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 137-137 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882011601
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    Division of Acta Crystallographica (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 139-139 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882011637
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    Determination of the correlation function directly from slit-smeared small-angle X-ray scattering curves (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 143-147 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A simple technique has been developed for calculating the correlation function directly from small-angle X-ray scattering curves obtained with an `infinitely long' primary beam profile. The method is based on expanding the correlation function in a series of zero-order Bessel functions of the first kind, where the coefficients of the series are proportional to the intensities of the measured curve. The correlation function thus is represented by an analytical expression and can be calculated easily.
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    The Cambridge Crystallography Subroutine Library (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 167-173 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The Cambridge Crystallography Subroutine Library (CCSL) is a versatile set of subroutines which will have many different applications for non-standard crystallography. At present it is used extensively at the Institut Laue–Langevin for interpreting all polarized neutron measurements, proceeding from the raw flipping-ratio measurements to the final production of spin-density maps. It is also used to analyse simple magnetic and more complicated nuclear structures, and for more general crystallographic applications such as arranging lists of reflections into groups of symmetry equivalents. It finds applications in the analysis of neutron powder diffraction patterns, as well as in more recent developments for the analysis of X-ray powder diffraction photographs.
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  • 87
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    Lattice modulation in the hexagonal-type antiphase domain structure of Au–33at.%Cd alloy (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 174-181 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The crystal structure of an ordered Au–33at.%Cd alloy has been reinvestigated by X-ray diffraction. Least-squares refinement using single-crystal intensity data collected by photographic methods has shown that mixed occupation by the two kinds of atoms preferentially occurs in the atomic sites located near the boundaries of the hexagonal antiphase domains, confirming the results obtained by electron diffraction [Hirabayashi, Yamaguchi, Hiraga, Ino, Sato & Toth (1970). d. Phys. Chem. Solids, 31, 77–94]. The refinement has also shown that many of the atoms are periodically displaced from the normal positions of the fundamental h.c.p. lattice. The physical significance of the occupancy and displacement modulations is discussed. The latter bears a resemblance to the motion of cations in the transition-metal dichalcogenides and the direction of the displacements in the alloy can be explained if charge-density waves synchronizing with the occupancy waves are assumed to exist.
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    A structural study of amorphous Fe4.7Co70.3Si15B10 (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 206-210 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: X-ray diffraction data obtained by scattering Mo Kα radiation from Fe4.7Co70.3Si15B10 in an as-received and an annealed state are analysed to show that the average number of nearest neighbours in the alloy is 12.5±0.4 atoms, in both states. The alloy does not appear to contain clusters and the effect of the annealing process used is to reduce density fluctuations by a factor of about 0.7.
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    Crystal cooling for protein crystallography with synchrotron radiation (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 227-231 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A new crystal cooling device for protein data collection with a rotation camera at temperatures between 323 and 100 K is described. It includes a flow cell for solvent exchange at low temperatures. The crystal is mounted in a double chamber with thin Mylar walls. The temperature is controlled to better than 0.5 K by N2 or He gas flowing through the inner chamber. Since cooling is isotropic, temperature gradients near the sample are avoided. Dry gas circulating through the outer chamber prevents the windows from icing. The system has been routinely used for synchrotron radiation data collection at the instrument X ll at DORIS. The scope of applications in low-temperature protein crystallography with synchrotron radiation is discussed.
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    An X-ray camera for single-crystal studies at high temperatures under controlled atmosphere (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 236-240 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A vacuum heating camera has been developed for extremely low background X-ray film work between room temperature and 2000 K. It can be used with modified conventional Weissenberg goniometers and with a specially designed focusing goniometer. The temperature control is maintained by a Pt/Pt–10% Rh thermocouple, a three-term proportional, integral and derivative (PID) controller and a programmable power supply. The accuracy in the absolute temperature setting is 10 K, the stability better than 1 K and the maximum thermal gradient over the crystal 7 K mm−1 at 1330 K. A small oxygen pressure can be applied, depending on the temperature, to control oxidation or reduction reactions of the sample.
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    Crystallographers (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 248-249 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188988201187X
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    Commission on Journals. Decisions taken at meetings in Ottawa, August 1981 (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 249-250 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    Structure Reports (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 250-250 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882011923
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    Studies of the cation atom distribution in ZnCrxFe2−xO4 spinels using the channeling effect in electron-induced X-ray emission (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 260-265 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The channeling effect in electron-induced X-ray emission has proved useful as a method to get immediate information about the cation atom distribution between octahedral and tetrahedral positions in the recently synthesized spinels: ZnCr0.4Fe1.6O4, ZnCrFeO4 and ZnCr1.6Fe0.4O4. It is concluded that the Zn atoms are in tetrahedral positions and the Cr atoms in octahedral positions. The Fe atoms also have a strong octahedral site preference, but the analysis indicates that 5̃% of them are in tetrahedral positions.
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    Absolute lattice parameter measurements of epitaxial layers (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 275-278 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method for obtaining the absolute lattice parameters of layered structures to an accuracy of a few units in 106 is described. A second motorized axis, for a reference crystal, is mounted onto a commercially available single-axis goniometer, so that double-crystal rocking curves can be combined with single-crystal lattice parameter measurements. The rocking curves and lattice parameter measurements are obtained from the same high-angle Bragg reflection, which results in this high degree of accuracy.
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    Study of the ordered structures of the Au–Mn system by high voltage–high-resolution electron microscopy. III. Two-dimensional antiphase structure of Au3Mn type (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 282-288 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: High-resolution structure images of the 23.5 and 24 at.% Mn alloys annealed at 573 K were studied by 1 MV electron microscopy. It was shown that the 24 at.% Mn alloy consists of two-dimensional antiphase structure (2d-APS) of Au3Mn with the boundaries parallel to the (100) and (010) planes. The average domain sizes were measured as M1 = 1.04 and M2 = 2.41, and an orthorhombic structure model with M1 = 1 and M2 = 2.5 was proposed for the ideal structure of the 2d-Au3Mn. From the 23.5 at.% Mn alloy, the structures corresponding to the intermediate state between the 2d-Au3Mn and the 2d-APS(I), which consists of lozenge- and parallelogram-shaped domains and exists in the alloys with 21–23 at.% Mn, were observed. It was concluded that the statistical order of appearance of the stable ordered phases with increasing Mn content in the composition range of 20–24 at.% Mn is Au4Mn → Au22Mn6 → Au31Mn9 → 2d-APS(I) → 2d-Au3Mn (so called Watanabe structure).
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    Ethyl trans-7-benzyloxy-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-isoquinolinecarboxylate (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 38 (1982), S. 669-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567740882003744
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    Structure of p-nitroaniline hydrochloride (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 38 (1982), S. 671-673 
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    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567740882003756
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    Structure of 2,4-dinitroaniline (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 38 (1982), S. 674-675 
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    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Octafluorocyclooctatetraene at 238 K (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 38 (1982), S. 678-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567740882003781
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