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  • Gas chromatography  (57)
  • Springer  (57)
  • 1985-1989  (57)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1965-1969
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
  • 2016
  • 1987  (36)
  • 1985  (21)
  • 1971
  • 1964
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1985-1989  (57)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1965-1969
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoterpene hydrocarbon contents of the resin from seeds of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) (1987)
    Springer
    Trees 1 (1987), S. 94-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Monoterpenes ; Abies alba Mill ; Resin ; Seeds ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Using gas-chromatographic methods, the variability of the contents of monoterpene hydrocarbons (α-pinene, β-pinene, Δ3carene and limonene) in the resin of silver fir seeds (Abies alba Mill.) was studied. Resin cavities were characterized according to their position on the seed surface. It was estabilished that the terpene content of the resin of cavities localized on the abaxialadaxial surfaces of the seed differs significantly, creating a gradient of resin composition around the circumference of the seed. The differences between various resin cavities of single seeds were greater than the differences between different seeds of a single cone and between seeds of various cones on a single tree. An accurate definition of the resin cavity location on the seeds appears to be a fundamental condition for the collection of a sample representing the resin composition of individual trees. Resin biosynthesis in the course of organogenesis and the control of terpene contents in the resin of various locations on the seed and the cone are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203577
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective sampling and capillary gas chromatography in the analysis of essential oils (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 818-824 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Selective sampling ; On-line fractionation ; Essential oil analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The paper describes the possibilities of on-line selective sampling as an on-line fraction technique for the analysis of essential oils. Selective sampling is a micro-separation method, on-line with on-column injection, carried out directly in the syringe body by means of a selective elution of the sample through a fraction cartridge. The paper reports a method of both preparing and standardizing silica gel cartridges, and illustrates through some examples the results of some elution series of solvents on different essential oils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311406
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advances in the determination of volatile organic solvents and other organic pollutants by gas chromatography with thermal desorption sampling and injection (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 856-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Organic pollutants determination ; Gas chromatography ; Thermal desorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The problem of the separation of 34 volatile organic chlorinated compounds is solved by using three different GC columns selected according to the needs of the particular separation required. The effect of water vapor contained as moisture in the trapped air on the retention of some characteristic compounds is studied. The influence of dead volumes on trap injection is also studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311413
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of retention indices in temperature-programmed gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 888-892 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Calculation of temperature programmed ; Retention indices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A new method is presented for the calculation of the retention indices under linear temperature programming with or without an initial isothermal period. The data calculated by the method are in good agreement with the isothermal retention indices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261466
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of C1−C22 fatty acids and C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids esterified in aqueous solutions as the n-propyl esters (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 925-928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Propyl esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The direct esterification and gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic carboxylic acids as n-propyl esters is described. Derivatization is performed in aqueous solution with n-propanol in the presence of sulfuric acid. The n-propyl esters of benzoic, phthalic, trimellitic and pyromellitic acids permit their gas chromatographic separation from each other and from fatty acids and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. At mode ratios of [H2O]/[n-PrOH]≤0.03 the water present does not interfere with the esterification reaction. At mole ratios above 0.03 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for binding the water, at mole ratios of [Na2SO4anh.]/[H2O]=0.51–1.52 and of [H2SO4]/[Na2SO4anh.]=0.43–1.28, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261472
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New stationary phase polarity parameters considering the electric intermolecular interactions in gas chromatographic column (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 195-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Structure-retention relationships ; Polarity parameters ; Retention index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The possibility of evaluation of the parameters representing the dispersive solute-solvent interactions is presented. BN and Bs values can be used to describe the liquid phase polarity and to predict the retention indices of alcohols when the model polyxyethylene glycol dialkyl ethers and their sulphur analogs are used as stationary phases. The possibility of the first ionization potentials estimation is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311479
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of the net retention volumes in gas chromatography using porous polymers coated with different stationary phases (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 481-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Prediction of retention volume ; Porous polymers coated with liquid phases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A new expression which permits the prediction of the net retention volumes in gas chromatography with column packings of coated porous polymers is reported. The porous polymers Chromosorb 101 and Chromosorb 102 were used as supports and squalane, Ethofat and Carbowax 20M as stationary phases at three different column temperatures of 80°C, 100°C and 150°C. Several organic compounds of various polarity were used as test compounds and the net retention volumes, VNtheor, have been calculated according to this new expression. The VNtheor values were compared with the experimental net retention volumes, VNexp, and it was found that the difference between these two values is dependent on the type of compound and column packing. Nevertheless, the elution order could be predicted in most cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02309415
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new type of two-dimensional packed+capillary column GC system. III. Instrumentation (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 499-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed+capillary GC switching system ; Precolumn construction, oven and connector
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The constractional details of precolumns, its oven and connector have been given with two types of multiflow control modules. Two types of phases made in China, a silanized pellicular beads and a non silanized pellicular silica beads, with an optimum particle size of 20μm to 30μm were packed in the precolumn 20mm in length with the column efficiency of 4620 plates/meter at column temperature of 49°C. A 25m×0.22mm i.d. capillary column coated with bonded methylsilicone phase from Chrompack connected with the precolumn (250°C) has an efficiency of 5376 plates/meter for n-octane. But it decreased to 3149 plates/meter by decreasing the precolumn temperature to 130°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02309418
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of some properties of immobilized polyethylene glycol type stationary phases modified with an acid (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 553-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Immobilized Carbowax-type stationary phases ; Free fatty acids analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Capillary columns coated with acid-modified poly-(ethylene glycol)-type immobilized stationary phases have been studied. The thermostability and chromatographic behaviour of the columns and the stability of the coated films after washing with different solvents were investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324862
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of solvents of abuse using gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry after headspace sampling (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 626-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fourier transform IR detection ; Headspace sampling ; Solvents of abuse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After experimental intoxication of rats, gas chromatography — Fourier transform infrared spectrometry with headspace sampling (HS/GC/FT-IR) was used to identify solvents of abuse in biological material (blood, liver, lungs and brain). Limits of detection were measured for acetone, 2-butanone, ether, toluene and trichlorethylene with standard solutions. All the solvents have been identified in the organs of the intoxicated rats. For blood samples a salting-out effect was obtained with potassium carbonate. HS/GC/FT-IR allowed the identification of metabolites of acetone (isopropanol) and of 2-butanone (2-butanol) in blood and organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311489
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The chromatographic behaviour of cycloolefins on stationary phases of different polarity. Prediction of their retention indices and boiling points (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Physico-chemical properties ; Retention indices ; Cycloolefins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The retention indices of mono and polycycloolefins with endo or exo double bonds, on squalane or polypropylenglycol 425 are related to their physico-chemical properties such as boiling point, molar volume, molar refraction, and refractive index. Equations have been empirically obtained, from which accurate retention indices of these compounds can be predicted. Unknown boiling points of some of these compounds can also be calculated from their lineal relation with the retention index on squalane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310415
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of solute polarity on the performance of porapak type porous polymers (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 839-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stationary phases ; Porous polymer beads ; Polarity ; Adsorbents ; Breakthrough volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The breakthrough volume of ådsorbent traps made with porous polymer beads Porapak N, P. Q, R, S was evaluated by analysis of polarity reference substances proposed by Rohrschneider (ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, nitrometane, benzene, pyridine) by McReynolds (butanol, methyl propyl ketone) and of the first term of some homologous series: alcohols, aldehides, carboxilic acids, nitrocompounds, iodoalkanes and nitriles. Adjusted retention times of the compounds were measured at 200°C and correlated with the physical properties and with polarity class according to Ewell. Trapping efficiency of the various Porapak types was evaluated and the theoretical breakthrough volumes at 25°C was calculated for the used test substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311410
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selectivity optimization for the capillary gas chromatographic analysis of bacterial cellular fatty acids (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 850-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Bacterial cellular fatty acids ; Stationary phase selectivity ; Solid phase preseparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The importance of selectivity in the capillary gas chromatographic analysis of the cellular fatty acids of micro-organisms is underestimated. The analysis on apolar silicone phases can lead to erratic elucidation of the fatty acid structure. Qualitative errors have been detected in commercially available standards on which computer matching identification techniques are based. Using highly polar capillary columns of the cyanopropyl silicone type, the errors could be elucidated. The exact identification of the hydrolysis products of bacteria is a must for chemotaxonomic studies applying chromatographic techniques. The fatty acid methyl ester profiles can also contain other chemical components which are very important taxonomic markers. Fatty aldehydes, for example, are main components in someClostridium species. Fractionation techniques are described for selective enrichment of fatty aldehydes and hydroxy fatty acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311412
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of thermodynamic equilibria by chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 215-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Thermodynamic equilibria ; Solution and adsorption thermodynamics ; Gas adsorption isotherms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After a brief recall of the chromatographic principles, the different applications of gas chromatographic measurements of thermodynamic equilibria were reviewed. Gas and liquid chromatographies are now well known and elegant methods for measuring the physicochemical properties and phase equilibrium thermodynamic constants. Although fundamentally a dynamical method and mostly known as a powerful separation technique, chromatography can be schematized by a sucession of equilbria of a chemical species partitioning between a mobile phase and a fixed liquid or solid stationary phase. It can be operated in either infinite dilution or finite concentration conditions and permits to collect a large number of data for calculating molecular interactions for solutes which are either rare or available at the trace level. Gas chromatography permits the measurement of gas adsorption isotherm, gas-liquid equilibria, molecular diffusion and interaction virials. The modelization of successive partition equuilibria occuring in the chromatographic column leads to rather simple expression of differential enthalpy, entropy, free energy of adsorption or solution, variation of heat capacity, complexation constant, second virial coefficients, gas-solid and gasliquid isotherm and also binary or ternary equilibria. The possibilities of High Performance-Liquid Chromatography to investigate adsorption from solutions and chemical equilibria are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311484
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trace analysis of volatile polar organics by direct aqueous injection gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Aqueous samples ; Direct injection ; Traces of ketones and halogenated hydrocarbons ; Environmental analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Procedures for the quantitative analysis of industrial effluents which involve concentration by solvent extraction or the purge-and-trap method are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to error. Direct aqueous injection gas chromatography using an electron-capture detector for the analysis of volatile halocarbons at the ppb level is in routine use in many laboratories. We now discuss the development of a similar protocol for the analysis of volatile polar organics such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and tretrahydrofuran using a flame-ionization detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311779
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid and sensitive gas chromatographic method for detection of barbital and pentobarbital in blood using flash-heater methylation and nitrogen-specific detection (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 269-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Nitrogen-specific detector ; Flash methylation ; Barbital and pentobarbital ; Blood analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A sensitive and simplified method is described for the determination of barbital (B) and pentobarbital (PB) in blood using gas chromatography with a nitrogen-specific flame ionization detector. After a simple one-step extraction, B and PB were reconstituted in trimethylanilinium hydroxide and introduced directly into the gas chromatograph. Lower limits of detection was 0.14 μg/ml for B and PB in either water or blood solutions. The recoveries for B from water and blood were 90 and 88%, respectively; for PB they were essentially complete. The average between-run and within-run coefficients of variation for B from water and blood were lower than 7.8%, whereas those of PB were lower than 3.0%. The scale and sensitivity of detection for B and PB were found to be suitable for use in pharmacokinetic studies in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311778
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GC investigation of olefins with chemically bonded gamma-mercaptopropylsilane-copper(II) complexes (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 423-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Complexation ; Mercaptosilane chemically bonded phase ; Transition metal complexes ; Olefinic π-complexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A column packing containing thiol groups chemically bonded to the silica surface was synthesized. The thiol functional groups were used as ligands capable of forming stable complexes with Cu(II). The prepared material was characterized by gas chromatography using unsaturated linear and branched hydrocarbons as well as cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The occurrence of specific metal—olefin interactions resulting from the formation of π-complexes during the chromatographic process was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311818
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of backflushing and peak-cutting technique in gas chromatographic trace analysis (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 566-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Backflushing, peak-cutting technique ; Trace analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A backflusing, peak-cutting method was developed for the analysis of trace components present in the tail of a major component peak. Using a helium-ionization detector, the minimum detectable concentration (MDC) was: oxygen in hydrogen, 0.5ppm; nitrogen in oxygen or argon, 1ppm; and methane and carbon monoxide in nitrogen, 1ppm. The corresponding MDC values for the conventional single-column method were 7.2ppm, 8.3ppm, and 14 and 5ppm, respectively. Equations used to predict the retention time are given. The accuracy of the predicted retention time is about two percent compared to experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324865
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of the thermondynamic values of alkylthiazoles from the Kovats retention indices on the basis of the non-linear additivity principle (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 595-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Alkylthiazoles ; Energy contributions of the alkyl groups ; Retention indices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Retention indices and their energy equivalents were determined for ten alkylthiazoles analysed on the stationary phases Apiezon L, Triton X-305 and Carbowax 1000. It was found that the energy contributions of identical alkyl groups to the partial molar free energy of sorption of a molecule are not equivalent. Smaller energy contribututions are due to the α-position of alkyl groups with respect to the heteroatoms in the thiazole ring (α-effect). This effect was most pronounced for 2-alkylthiazoles. Higher sorption energies were found for dimethylthiazoles with two methylgroups in a vicinal position. The retention indices were predicted for ten other di- and tri-substituted methyl, ethyl and propyl thiazoles on the basis of the so-called α- and ortho-effects. The predicted values are in good agreement with the experimentally determined values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324871
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  • 20
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    Identification of the components of aldoses in a tautomeric equilibrium mixture as their trimethylsilyl ethers by capillary gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Carbohydrate TMS-ethers ; Tautomeric equilibrium mixtures of aldoses ; MS and NMR identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Equilibrium tautomers of aldopentoses (arabinose, ribose, xylose and lyxose) and aldohexones (allose, altrose, gulose, idose and talose) have been analyzed as their trimethyl-silyl ethers by capillary GC. Pentoses were separated on SE-54 and hexoses on OV-225. The four components of the tautomer equilibrium mixture have been identified using GC/MS and NMR data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310417
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How to count strong adsorption sites by gas chromatography? (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 722-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Adsorbents for gas chromatography ; Strong adsorption sites ; Heterogeneity of silica surface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple gas chromatographic method is presented for the determination of the quantity of the strongest adsorption sites on an adsorbent's surface. The method consists of the blockage of the sites with quasi-irreversibly adsorbed, known amount of a strongly interacting compound and subsequent measuring of the retention of a hydrocarbon during the presence of the blocking compound in the column. Heterogeneity of chromatographic grade silicas is investigated with this method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312663
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  • 22
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    Esterification of aliphatic hydroxy acids to n-propyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 760-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Propyl esters of aliphatic hydroxy acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Aliphatic hydroxy acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of different amounts of sulfuric acid. Esterification of lactic, tartronic, malic and citric acids in water/n-propanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.03 and 2.15 can be utilized for the determination of these acids by gas chromatography. Water does not interfere at water/n-propanol mole ratios below 0.03. For mole ratios above 0.03 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for the binding of water. The mole ratio range was 0.24–2.13 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.16–1.28 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312669
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  • 23
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    Determination of the concentration of silanol groups by a chemical reaction with methyllithium and GC measurements of evolved methane (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 767-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Bonded silica ; Residual silanol groups
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Silanol groups of chromatographic material surfaces were determined by chemical reaction with methyl-lithium. Evolved methane was measured by a gas chromatographic method using a column packed with molecular sieves. This chromatographic technique leads to very reproducible results, particularly for the control of the hydroxylation of a silica gel and for the analysis of residual groups at the surface of bonded silica.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312671
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  • 24
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    Electronic Resource
    Capillary columns in series for the gas chromatographic analysis of essential oils (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 790-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns in series ; Variable polarity columns ; Essential oils analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary By connecting capillary columns of different polarity in series and by changing the temperature program gradient, a system of variable polarity is obtained. The working conditions can be adjusted to optimize separations of complex mixtures. Application to the analysis of essential oils of: lavender, thyme, lemon petit grain, bergamot, and tangerine, are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311401
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  • 25
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    Lipids of contemporary stillingia oil (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 240-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stillingia oil ; Quantitative lipid analysis ; Chinese tallow,Sapium sebiferum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Contemporary stillingia oil from China is qualitatively similar to the oil described earlier, but it exhibits significant quantitative differences reflecting a degree of autoxidation of the unsaturated fatty acids either before or after crushing of the seeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311771
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    Investigation of interactions between chloroderivatives of alkanes and alkenes and chemically bonded transition metal complexes by gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 261-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Chemically bonded phases ; Specific interactions ; Chloroderivatives of alkanes and alkenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Interactions of Cu(II) complexes chemically bonded to the surface of silica with chloro-derivatives of alkanes and alkenes were investigated. It was found that chlorine as a substituent exerts a considerable influence on the retention of the individual chloro-derivatives. In the case of chloroalkenes this influence is negative while in the case of chloroalkanes it is positive. The magnitude of the observed effect depends on the number of substituents and on the way of their distribution within the molecule.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311776
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    A polar macroporous sorbent for gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 286-288 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Macroporous copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl ; methacrylate ; Graft polymers ; Polar sorbent for gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gas chromatographic behaviour of crosslinked macroporous 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate grafted with 2-methyloxazoline was investigated and the range of applicability of the copolymer was assessed. Retention index values were measured on this copolymer and compared with those obtained on the terpolymer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-ethylene dimethacrylate-acrylonitrile. Rohrschneider constants and efficiency data for selected sorbates are given. The use of this type of polymer in the separation of various types of compounds is documented by various examples.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311781
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    Gas chromatographic retention indices for C6 alkanols on OV-101 and Carbowax 20M capillary columns (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 50-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention indices ; C6 alkanols ; OV-101 ; Carbowax 20M
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Gas chromatographic retention indices for 16 C6 alkanols measured on capillary columns coated with OV-101 methylsilicone and Carbowax 20M propylethyleneglycol liquid phases at 80° and 90°C were determined. The respective standard deviation values were 0.5 and 0.8 i.u. The correlation between the retention indices measured on non-polar and polar stationary phases and the boiling points of the alkanols was studied.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310419
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    Analysis of anesthetic gas mixtures of halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen by gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 53-54 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Dual-column system ; Thermal conductivity detector ; Anesthetic gas mixtures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple dual-column system with a thermal conductivity detector is described, that can be used for the quantitative analysis of anesthetic gas mixtures of halothane (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), nitrous oxide and oxygen. The separation was performed on a Carbopack (SP 1000) column and a Porapak Q column arranged in series across the detector.
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    Chromatographic determination of lactulose (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 132-136 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Column liquid chromatography ; Thin-layer chromatography ; Analysis of lactulose in carbohydrate mixtures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Lactulose is a disaccharide with important implications in medicine, nutrition and dairy technology. It has to be determined usually as a minor component in complex matrices containing many other sugars. This paper describes the different chromatographic techniques (planar, liquid and gas chromatography) which have been proposed for the separation and quantification of lactulose in mixtures with other carbohydrates; the advantages of each technique are compared and some features where more research is necessary are outlined.
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    Immobilization of silicone stationary phases on supports using ozone (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 169-170 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed column ; Immobilized silicone stationary phases ; Ozonization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Immobilization of silicone stationary phases, OV-1701 vinyl and OV-225 vinyl, on Chromosorb W-AW support was achieved in a simple procedure using ozone as an initiator. A column efficiency of 2400 theoretical plates/meter was obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311474
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    The allyl bonded stationary phase. II. Conversions to new phases for gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 3-6 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Allyl bonded phases ; Addition Reactions ; Synthesis of new bonded phases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The presence of the double bond on the allyl moiety has been utilized as a site for addition reactions which could produce new stationary phases. Bromination and hydrobromination reactions have been employed to prove the feasibility of making modifications to the allyl bonded phase. Both retention volumes and thermodynamic parameters for the solutes studied change upon conversion to one of the brominated phases. Sample size studies are consistent with a bonded phase adsorption mechanism. FTIR spectra also confirm the modifications which have occurred on the allyl bonded material.
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    Gas chromatographic analysis of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids esterified in aqueous solutions as n-propyl esters (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 265-268 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Dicarboxylic acid analysis ; n-Propyl esters of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids ; Esterification in aqueous solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfuric acid. Esterification in water/n-propanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.03 and 2.21 can be utilized for the quantitative determination of dicarboxylic acids by gas chromatography. The presence of water does not interfere at water/n-propanol mole ratios below 0.45. For mole ratios above 0.45 anhydrous sodium sulfate has been used for binding the water. The mole ratio range tested was 0.12–0.99 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.16–2.55 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
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    A new type of two-dimensional packed + capillary column GC system. I. Theory (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 487-491 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed+capillary GC switching system ; Column efficiency utilization ratio ; New packed precolumn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary To match the need of high efficiency capillary column (plate number N2, Plate height H2 and carrier gas linear velocity U2), a new high efficiency packed column (N1, H1 and U1) at high carrier gas velocity with small capacity factor has been developed in the light of theoretical discussion of factors effecting the column efficiency utilization ratio.
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    A new type of two-dimensional packed + capillary column GC system. II. System and applications (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 492-498 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed+capillary GC switching system ; Accurate system quantitation ; Analysis of complex samples or dilute solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A packed column containing immobilized SE-54 liquid phase on pellicular silica beads ZIPAX and having a high efficiency and high mass transfer rate has been successfully used in a two-dimensional packed+capillary column system without a cold trap. The application of this system is demonstrated by the analysis of C6-C8 aromatic hydrocarbons and lowboiling hydrocarbons present in natural oils, and of highboiling components present in low concentrations in a low-boiling solvent.
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    Analysis of the metal-catalyzed decomposition of γ- and δ-haloesters by GC/FT-IR (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 547-552 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; FT-IR detection ; γ- and δ-Haloesters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The decomposition of γ- and δ-haloesters has previously been observed to take place within a commercial GC/FT-IR light-pipe system. Using a home-built light-pipe interface, an analysis of this same class of compounds was conducted from which the source of the decomposition was determined to be a brass fitting central to the commercial system's assembly. It is proposed that the reaction is due to a weakening of the carbon-halogen bond by metal interaction thereby allowing lactonization to occur.
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    Spectroscopy and the classification of liquid stationary phases in gas-liquid chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 293-302 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stationary liquid, choice of ; Physico-chemical data
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A table of data for acidity, basicity, polarity and London potential for stationary phases is given. These provide guidance in choosing a stationary phase for a given task from the 26 substances listed. The indices are calculated from infra-red shifts of 1-chlorobutane and the visible wavelength shifts of l2 when they are dissolved in the stationary phases, from NMR estimates of acidity and basicity and from relative retention data. They replace the less reliable data of Burns and Hawkes. Methods of determining the indices are suggested that require only a gas chromatograph and can be applied by technicians with no specialized understanding of solution parameters. An attempt to add electron donoracceptor indices to the table was unsuccessful. A further table is given of the slopes of the log plots d(logt′)/dC for use in extrapolating from one homologue to another on these stationary phases.
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    A new adsorbent for trace level organic contaminants (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 343-346 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thermosorb ; Tenax GC ; Environmental Analysis ; Trace Organics ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A preliminary study has been carried out to evaluate a new adsorbent, Thermosorb, for trace level organic contaminants. For this purpose, a comparison was made with a well-characterized adsorbent, Tenax GC, using a prepared aqueous solution of trace organic components. In addition, a comparison was made of chromatograms of air contaminants obtained using both of these adsorbents, under equivalent conditions. The results clearly indicated the potential of this thermally stable, inorganic adsorbent for many trace organic substances of environmental interest.
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    Characterization of the flame photometric detector in the sulphur mode (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 371-375 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Flame photometric detector ; Sulphur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The effect of experimental conditions such as gas flow rates, detector and column temperatures on sulphur response are discussed. It is concluded that the response of the flame photometric detector is affected by the O/H ratio and the total gas flow. Column temperature has an important influence upon S2 emission. It is shown that the sulphur response of the FPD is dependent on the compound containing the sulphur.
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    The dependence of the properties of liquid crystals on the film thickness and surface quality of capillary columns (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 601-608 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid crystal ; Capillary columns ; Retention data ; Stationary phase film thickness ; Column surface quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Glass capillary columns were prepared from non-deactivated and deactivated glass and coated with (2-methyl-4-[trans-4-n-propyl-cyclohexylcarbonyloxy]-benzoic acid-[4-n-heptyloxy-phenylester]) as the liqud phase, in different film thicknesses. The columns were tested using substances of different structures and polarities. It was verified that the capacity factors, retention indices and selectivity significantly depend on the thickness of the liquid crystalline stationary phase film and the quality of the tube, particularly in the case of columns with thin films. Trasition temperatures (melting and clearing point) of the liquid crystal are also dependent on these two factors.
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    Esterification of amino acids to n-butyl and isobutyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 652-656 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Amino acids have been esterified with n-butanol and isobutanol in the presence of perchloric acid. It has been established that in the concentration range of [H2O]/[n-BuOH]=0.10–0.40 esterification can be utilized for the determination of alanine, glycine, valine, leucine, proline, methionine, aspartic acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine and cystine. In the case of [H2O]/[i-BuOH] =0.05–0.20 the esterification yield decreases from 100% to 70%, in proportion to the water content.
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    A GC-system for the analysis of residual geothermal gases (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 681-682 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Geothermal gases ; Molecular sieves ; Low temperature separations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gases evolved from geothermal fields, after condensation of H2O, CO2, H2S and NH3 in caustic solution, contain He, H2, Ar, O2, N2, CH4 and higher hydrocarbons. The analysis for the major components in these residual gas mixtures can be achieved by use of two simple gas chromatographs in parallel, and using 5Å molecular sieve. The separation of He and H2 to baseline is achieved by using low temperatures (30°C) coupled with a relatively long column; and the difficult separation of Ar and O2 is achieved by use of a cryogenically cooled column. The use of switching valves to backflush and bypass columns ensures that a minimum time for analysis can be achieved whilst retaining baseline separations of the He/H2 and Ar/O2 pairs.
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    Formation of derivatives of chlorophenoxy acids and some other herbicides (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 685-688 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fuming sulphuric acid-ethanol esterification ; Ethyl and methyl esters of herbicides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A fuming sulphuric acid-ethanol esterification method has been applied to chlorophenoxy acids and some other herbicides. This method is compared with esterification by iodoethane and diazomethane. The chlorophenoxy acids studied were: 2,4-D, dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop and 2,4,5-T. Other herbicides studied were: benazolin, bentazone, bromophenoxime, bromoxynil, chlorthal, dicamba, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, dinoseb, ethephon, fluroxypyr, glyphosate, haloxyfop, ioxynil, picloram, 2,3,6-TBA and triclopyr. Fuming sulphuric acid-ethanol esterification can be successfully applied to chlorophenoxy acids, benazolin, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, dinoseb, fluroxypyr, haloxyfop, picloram and triclopyr. The reproductibility of the method is ±5%.
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    Application of the chromatographic step profile method for determination of water film pressure and surface free energy of quartz (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 724-728 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Step profile method ; Adsorption isotherm ; Water film pressure ; Surface free energy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Investigation of water adsorption by the step profile method (Glueckauf method) was carried out with the help of a modified gas chromatography equipped with thermal-conductivity detector. On the basis of the adsorption isotherm obtained, the water film pressure and the polar component of the surface free energy of quartz were calculated. The calculated value of the polar component of the surface free energy of quartz agrees with analogous values obtained by other methods.
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    An improved energy generator for the study of reactions of thermal-energy electrons with organic compounds (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 149-154 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Electron-capture ; Thermal-energy electrons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The products resulting from the reaction between thermal energy electrons and organic compounds have been investigated to further our knowledge of the mode of action of the electron-capture detector. Thermal energy electrons were generated by maintaining a corona discharge between a stainless steel cathode and a silver/silver chloride anode. The effects of electrode geometry, gas composition, gas flow rate, and the physical properties of the test substances were investigated. The design of the reactor was modified to minimize losses of unchanged substrate. Reaction products of benzaldehyde, tolualdehydes, chlorobenzaldehydes, and dichlorobenzenes were identified by combined gas chromatography — mass spectrometry.
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    Wide-bore capillary columns for gas chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 195-196 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Wide-bore capillaries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    A new derivative for improved GLC separation of mannose, galactose and glucose (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 403-406 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Separation of sugars ; Oxime formation ; Silylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The procedure involving oxime formation followed by silylation for the analysis of standard hexoses by GC resulted in unseparated peaks for D-glucose, D-mannose and D-galactose. This procedure was therefore modified to obtain clear separation of hexoses. STOX (hydroxylamine containing phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside as the internal standard) was mixed with trimethylsilylimidazol or hexamethyldisilazane, and then added to a standard sugar mixture containing D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. The mixture was analyzed by gas chromatography with OV-17/OV-22 as the stationary phase, resulting in three distinct peaks.
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    Esterification of aliphatic hydroxy acids to n-butyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 421-424 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of aliphatic hydroxy acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Aliphatic hydroxy acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfuric acid. Esterification of lactic, tartronic malic and citric acids in water/n-butanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.02 and 2.53 can be utilized for the determination of these aliphatic hydroxy acids by gas chromatography. Water does not interfere at water/n-butanol mole ratios below 0.02. For mole ratios above 0.02 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for the binding of water. The mole ratio range was 0.25–2.53 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.32–1.27 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
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    Gas chromatographic analysis of the thermal and photochemical reaction products in diethyl ether solutions of nitrogen oxides (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 466-470 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Diethyl ether ; Photo-induced reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary When dissolved in diethyl ether, nitrogen dioxide reacts with the solvent, slowly at room temperature, more rapidly on heating of UV irradiation. A complex mixture of products is formed in which further changes are observed after prolonged storge: these are less pronounced if the unreacted nitrogen oxides are removed. A gas chromatographic method was applied for the identification of the majority of products. Irradiation does not change significantly the qualitative and quantitative composition of the reaction products. The reaction is thus the so-called photo-induced process [ΔG〈0]. Preliminary suggestions are made concerning the reaction mechanism.
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    Chromatography in fluidized beds (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 538-542 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fluidized beds ; Industrial chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Chromatography is carried out under the conditions of fluidization, in long, straight tubes under organized and non-organized conditions. Under non-organized conditions the column is filled only with a sorbent. In organized conditions, either metal coils are added into the column or a segmented column is utilized with metal grids. The results obtained are compared to those obtained under fixed-bed conditions when the column is completely filled with the sorbent. Organized fluidized beds provide a significant decrease in longitudinal bandspreading.
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    Quantitative determination of polyalcohols in wine and vinegar by gas chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 197-200 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Polyalcohol quantification ; Wine ; Vinegar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic method is described for the analysis of arabitol, mannitol, sorbitol and inositol in wine. The method is evaluated for repeatability using perseitol as internal standard. Perseitol can be added to wine before or after passing the wine through the ion-exchange column without showing significant differences in the polyalcohol content. The method is also applied to the analysis of vinegar from different substrates (wine cider and rice).
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    Modification of supports with liquid phases by thermal treatment in a closed system (1985)
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    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 228-230 
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    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Modified diatomaceous supports
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Diatomaceous earth type supports are modified with a liquid phase, by high-temperature thermal treatment in a closed system. It is shown that the retention characteristics of the support changes by this treatment. The main advantage of this method, as compared with modification in a flow-through system is that liquid phase evaporation and possibility of oxydation during the process can be avoided. This ensures a better uniformity of the modified support.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259692
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  • 53
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    Modification of silica with mixtures of hexamethylcyclotrisilazane and hexamethyldisilazane (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 308-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Silica surface modification ; Hexamethylcyclotrisilazane ; Hexamethyldisilazane ; Support materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary For chromatographic purposes the use of mixtures instead of individual silylating agents can produce better deactivated surface than those shown by silicas modified by hexamethylcyclotrisilazane or hexamethyldisilazane separately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310388
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Air-sampling of three tertiary amines (triethylamine, dimethylisopropylamine, dimethylethylamine) (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; H2SO4-coated silica gel ; Air pollution (foundries) ; Tertiary amines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After a brief review of the main publications dealing with air-sampling and analysis of aliphatic amines, the authors propose and investigate two sampling methods (bubbling through a sulfuric acid solution, trapping on sulfuric acid-treated silica-gel) for three tertiary aliphatic amines commonly encountered in foundries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260478
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    The use of p-n-butyl oxybenzoic acid as liquid-crystalline sorbent in gas chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 41-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid crystals ; Substituted benzenes and selectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The retention mechanisms of polymethylbenzenes and n-alkylbenzenes on the inert solid support Chromaton (spec-surface area: 1m2/g) and the adsorbent-support Silochrom (C-80 (80 m2/g) coated with p-n-butyl oxybenzoic acid have been investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260485
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  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between thermodynamic characteristics and isothermal retention indices (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 623-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Thermodynamic characteristics ; Retention index calculation ; Temperature dependency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Thermodynamic characteristics determined from retention data measured under isothermal conditions were used for the calculation of retention indices of a number of model compound. The minimum retention index difference required for the identification of two adijacent compounds as well the temperature dependency of retention index are discussed. The possibility of alculating thermodynamic characteristics from retention indices published in the literature was also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263223
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    Identification of non-branched alkenylcycloalkanes with a terminal double bond from retention index increments (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 83-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary column ; Retention indices ; Alkylcyclopentane and Alkenylcyclopentane ; Alkylcyclohexane and Alkenylcyclohexane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Reaction products of the pyrolysis of n-dodecylpentane and n-hexylcyclohexane had been separated and identified on a glass capillary column coated with Polydimethylsiloxane OV-1. The identification of the components in the pyrolysis products and of the corresponding hydrogenated samples was performed from structure retention correlations, especially retention index increments (1CH2), homomorphy values (HOV-1) and the temperature coefficients of retention indices (δI/δT). Hence the presence of homologous 1-alkenes and of monoalkenylcycloalkanes could be confirmed. Based on the addition principle of index increments the determination of the side chain structure of alkenylcycloalkanes (straight chain) and the position of the double bond was ascertained. The calculation of the retention indices of these compounds was performed with high accuracy (deviation 〈1 index unit). Retention indices of 10 1-alkenes, 11 monoalkenyl-cyclopentanes, 11 monoalkylcyclopentanes, 5 monoalkenylcyclohexanes and 5 monoalkylcyclohexanes were determined on the liquid phase Polydimethylsiloxane OV-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280602
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