ALBERT

Description: The cores and dredges described in this report were taken on the TETHYS Expedition from June 1960 until July 1960 by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography from the R/V Spencer F. Baird. A total of 124 cores and dredges were recovered and are available at Scripps for sampling and study.

Description: During the period May to August 1960, an Air Force scientific field party conducted earth science studies and tested a raised sand terrace, located about 224 km south of Station Nord, Northeast Greenland. The operation staged from Thule Air Force Base was climaxed by successful test Iandings on the terrace by C-119 and C-130 aircraft. Significant data were obtained from related investigations on a typical arctic lake, ice-free soils, meteorology, engineering geology, geomorphology, and electrical resistivity of soils.

Description: Im Sommer des Jahres 1953, 1954 und 1956 wurden mit dem von dem Ministerium f\xc3\xbcr Wasserbauverwaltung zur Verf\xc3\xbcgung gestellten Forschungsschiff \xe2\x80\x9eOns Genoegen\xe2\x80\x9c, insgesamt 8 Wochen hydrographische, chemische und biologische Untersuchungen gemacht auf dem Wasser und auf dem Land.\nVon der Nehrungsinsel Rottumeroog bis Papenburg an der Ems wurden 352 Bodenproben und etwa 160 Wasserproben gesammelt. Weiter wurden viele hydrographische Messungen durchgef\xc3\xbchrt.

Description: The family is taken in a broad, artificial sense, but exclusive of the Boletaceae and \xe2\x80\x98Meruliaceae\xe2\x80\x99 sensu lato. Of the generic names treated 229 are considered validly published, 37 not validly published, and 6 are excluded. Of each name details are given on various nomenclatorial aspects such as valid publication, typification, homonymy, status (legitimacy). The new combinations Flaviporus brownei (Humb. per Pers.) Donk and Xerotinus afer (Fr.) Donk are proposed. Attention is drawn to brief remarks made in connection with Elmerina cladophora (Berk.) Bres., Polyporus scabrosus Pers., Chaetoporus tenuis P. Karst., Polyporus medulla-panis (Jacq.) per Fr.; to the synonymy listed of Merulius alveolaris DC. and Hexagonia mori Pollini; to the valid publication of the names Fomes (Fr.) Fr., Postia Fr., and Schizopora Velen.; and to the typification of the names Antrodia P. Karst., Lignosus (Lloyd) ex Torrend, Melanopus Pat., Merisma (Fr.) Gill. and its synisonyms, Phellinus Qu\xc3\xa9l., Ungulina Pat.

Description: Descriptions et figures de Lepiota cortinarius J. Lange et de deux esp\xc3\xa8ces nouvelles de la section Micaceae du genre Lepiota.

Description: Galerina uncialis, originally described as a species growing on mossy trunks, but found to be growing in abundance on terrestrial mosses, is redescribed and compared with other annulate species of Galerina of the open country. Pholiota pumila sensu F. H. M\xc3\xb6ller is redescribed as Galerina moelleri nov. spec., and Galera pumila f. oreina J. Favre reduced to the synonymy of Galerina moelleri. Pholiota pumila var. subferruginea M\xc3\xb6ller & Lange is regarded as a nomen dubium. Attention is drawn to the fact that Galerina unicolor (Vahl ex Sommerf.) Sing. in its original sense is a terrestrial species. The new combination Galerina praticola is proposed, and the microscopical description of the species supplemented.

Description: The enumeration of about 760 species and 140 varieties and forms of marine algae growing along the eastern coasts of the tropical and subtropical parts of America, and belonging to the Phacophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Chrysophyceae, and Rhodophyceae, is preceded by an historical review of collecting and knowledge of those algae. One new family, Wurdemanniaceae, eight new species of the genera Caulerpa, Dictyota, Dictyopteris, Padina (by Thivy), Cryptonemia and Ceramium, and four new varieties belonging to the genera Dictyota, Galaxaura, Rhodymenia, and Herposiphonia, have been described. Several formae are only marked as such, but not given a name. A number of new combinations are found all through the systematical part of the book. Though this book contains a great quantity of information about the marine algae from the coasts of Bermuda and North Carolina up to that of southern Brazil, the author does not claim monographic completeness. Doubtful records remain for further investigation.\nA short chapter on geographical distribution is included, as well as an extensive one on the habitats of the algae, illustrated by 14 photographs from Bermuda and Jamaica. The last mentioned chapter contains an elaborate description of the algal vegetation in all its variations in the territory dealt with. Moreover, it gives many practical indications for effective ecological studies. At the end an explanation of the \xe2\x80\x9cSargasso Sea\xe2\x80\x9d is found.

Description: The new species Sclerographium magnum Boedijn is described.

Description: Thaxterogaster dombeyi, T. brevisporus. and Weraroa spadicea are described as new species. Weraroa subgen. Neuquenia subgen. nov. is described.

Description: This paper deals with a number of specific and subspecific names omitted from the previous series, \xe2\x80\x9cThe stipitate Hydnums of the Netherlands\xe2\x80\x9d. The new combination Bankera mollis (P. Karst.) Maas G. is proposed, and Phellodon carnosus and Bankera carnosa are reduced to its synonymy.

Description: Trees, erect or scandent shrubs; stems sometimes producing rootlets ( Euonymus spp.), rarely buttressed at the base (e.g. Bhesa) or with aerophores (Lophopetalum multinervium), sometimes thorny (Maytenus spp.) ; sometimes with elastic or resinous threads in the leaves, inflorescences, floral parts, fruits, or branchlets, showing on fractures. Leaves simple, alternate, spiral, decussate or opposite, sometimes fascicled on short branchlets, penninerved, sometimes black-dotted beneath, rarely so on both surfaces, often crenate, more rarely entire. Stipules small, simple or laciniate, caducous, or none. Inflorescences axillary and/or terminal, sometimes extra-axillary, or ramiferous, cymose, thyrsoid, paniculate, racemose, fasciculate, sometimes 1-flowered, usually bracteate. Flowers generally small, actinomorphic, bisexual or unisexual, in the latter case the plants usually dioecious or sometimes polygamous. Calyx 4- or 5-lobed, lobes imbricate, rarely valvate, usually persistent. Petals 4 or 5, imbricate, contorted, rarely valvate, caducous, sometimes persistent, rarely slightly connate at the base and sometimes also united with the staminal ring below the connate filament bases (i.e. the so-called \xe2\x80\x98disk\xe2\x80\x99 in Microtropis), upper surface usually smooth, sometimes Partly covered with cristate, lamellate, fimbriate, or fleshy papilla-like appendages (e.g. Lophopetalum). Stamens (2-) 3, 4, or 5, rarely 8-10 (extra-Mal. gen. Forsellesia), alternate with the petals (except in Forsellesia), filaments inserted on or within the disk, on its margin or slightly below it, or on a basal ring (Microtropis), caducous or persistent; anthers mostly 2-celled, very rarely 1-celled (extra-Mal. spp.), usually ovoid, ellipsoid, or subglobose, rarely reniform, sometimes divergent, longitudinally, laterally, or very rarely apically (extra-Mal. spp.) dehiscent, introrse or extrorse, basifixed, dorsifixed, or dorso-basifixed. Disk various, often Present and conspicuous, fleshy or membranous, patelliform or cupular, or flat, entire, dentate, angular, or lobed; extrastaminal to intrastaminal, sometimes adnate to the torus or partially free at the margin, usually annular and continuous, rarely discontinuous and lobed, or even forming staminiferous pockets (extra-Mal. genera Cheiloclinium and Apodostigma), rarely obscure ( Microtropis), dually smooth, rarely covered with papilla-like or fleshy subulate processes). Ovary partly or entirely immersed in the disk, sometimes concealed within it or adnate to it, or free from it, usually glabrous, sometimes with a tuft of hairs at the top (Bhesa), rarely puberulous (extra-Mal. spp.), or covered with papillalike or fleshy subulate processes at the base (Euonymus spp.), (l-)2-5-celled or rarely many-celled (Siphonodon), mostly completely, very rarely incompletely felled; usually ending in a style, or very rarely hollow at the top (Siphonodon; style distinct, short, or obscure, or lacking (Brassiantha, Siphonodon and extra- Mal. genus), simple, rarely almost divided to the base (Bhesa), terminal, rarely lateral in fruit (Pleurostylia); stigma(s) simple, or lobed. Ovules mostly 2 in each cell, sometimes 1, or 3-18, anatropous, inserted at the inner angle, erect and inserted at the base or slightly higher, or pendulous, collateral, superposed or in 2 series. Fruit capsular, loculicidal or with 3 divergent separate or laterally connate \xe2\x80\x98follicles\xe2\x80\x99, or drupaceous, dehiscent, and sometimes leaving a columella, or indehiscent, smooth, sometimes echinate. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged; aril present or none, when present usually partly or entirely enveloping the seed or cushion-like situated at the base of it; usually orange or orange-red, rarely white; albumen present or 0; embryo erect; cotyledons flat, foliaceous.\nDistribution. The family Celastraceae (including Hippocrateaceae) comprises c. 90 genera and over 1000 spp., distributed in both hemispheres except the arctic regions, predominantly occurring in the tropics and subtropics.

Description: Descriptions et figures d\xe2\x80\x99une esp\xc3\xa8ce nouvelle et d\xe2\x80\x99une esp\xc3\xa8ce peu connue. Le bin\xc3\xb4me Agaricus arenophilus Huijsm. nom. nov. est propos\xc3\xa9 pour Psalliota arenicola Wakef. & Pears.

Description: Annuals, perennials, more rarely shrubs, small trees, or vines, mostly laticiferous, sometimes with subterranean tubers. Leaves exstipular, simple, entire or toothed to incised (rarely pinnatifid), spirally arranged or alternate, rarely opposite. Flowers often blue, violet, red, or white, frequently protrandrous (rarely dioecious), axillary or terminal, solitary or in mostly bracteate, racemose inflorescences (rarely cymes), bisexual (rarely unisexual or dioecious), isomerous, mostly 5-merous, regular or symmetric. Pedicels mostly with 2 bracteoles. Calyx segments mostly free, often persistent, valvate. Petals connate to various degree, sometimes almost free (exceptionally free), valvate in bud; in strongly zygomorphous flowers the corolla bilabiate dorsally slit and the lobes often very unequal, the lower lip often with 2 convexities near the base. Stamens adnate to the corolla or free from it, mutually mostly partly connate (either the filaments or part of them and the anthers or only the latter); filaments often widened at the base; anthers introrse, in zygomorphic flowers often unequal, often 2 or more with apical setae, further glabrous haired. Disk epigynous, mostly free. Ovary inferior or partly so (rarely superior), 2-5-celled. Style 1, often with hairs below the 2-5 stigmatic lobes. Ovules ~, mostly on axile placentas (exceptionally parietal in incompletely celled ovaries). Fruit capsular or a berry, or berry-like, mostly dehiscing at the apex with valves, or circumsciss. Seeds ~; embryo straight; albuminous.\nDistribution. Rather large family, with a worldwide distribution, with approximately 60-70 genera and roughly between 1000 and 1500 spp., the largest ones, Lobelia and Campanula, counting several hundreds of species. In Malaysia the family is sparsely represented although with one endemic genus, Phyllocharis, in New Guinea, and a subendemic one, Pentaphragma.

Description: The area dealt with in this publication requires definition. In order to avoid misunderstanding, its individual components are listed as follows (see Table 1): Bahamas \xe2\x80\x94 Bimini\xe2\x80\x99s, Cat Key, New Providence Lesser Antilles, with the following groups: Virgin Islands \xe2\x80\x94 St. Thomas, St. John, St. Croix Windward Group \xe2\x80\x94 Anguilla and Dog Island, St. Martin and Tintamarre, St.-Barth\xc3\xa9lemy (= St. Barts) and La Fourche, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Christopher (= St. Kitts) and Nevis, Barbuda, Antigua, Grenada Trinidad and Tobago Leeward Group \xe2\x80\x94 Los Testigos, Los Frailes, Margarita with Coche and Cubagua, Los Hermanos, Blanquilla, Tortuga, Orchila, Los Roques, Bonaire, and Klein Bonaire, Klein Cura\xc3\xa7ao, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, Aruba South American mainland \xe2\x80\x94 Colombia (La Goajira) and Venezuela (Paraguan\xc3\xa1, Dto. Federal, state of Sucre) With very few exceptions, to be mentioned later, the material upon which this publication is based was gathered by Dr. P. Wagenaar Hummelinck, and I should like to take this opportunity to thank him publicly for the privilege of being allowed to study that portion of his collected material with which I am familiar.

Description: The present paper is based upon the lace bugs, Family Tingidae, collected by the junior author in the West Indies, on the islands of Aruba, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, Bonaire, St. Martin, Saba, and St. Eustatius. This collection of several tingids comprises 17 species, including the five new forms described below. The larval stages of most of these species will be dealt with by the junior author in a separate contribution to the present series.\nDictyla parmata, from Aruba, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, and Bonaire; Dictyla alia, n. sp., from Aruba, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, and Bonaire; Teleonemia validicornis, from Cura\xc3\xa7ao; Teleonemia scrupulosa, from Aruba, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, Klein Bonaire, and Bonaire; Teleonemia syssita, n. sp., from St. Eustatius, Saba, and St. Martin; Teleonemia sacchari, from St. Eustatius, Saba, and St. Martin; Acanthocheila thaumana, n. sp., from St. Eustatius, and St. Martin; Leptopharsa ruris, from St. Martin; Vatiga illudens, from St. Eustatius; Phymacysta tumida, from Aruba, Bonaire, and St. Eustatius; Gargaphia nigrinervis, from Aruba, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, and Bonaire; Corythaica carinata, from Aruba, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, St. Eustatius, Saba, and St. Martin; Corythaica cyathicollis, from Aruba, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, St. Eustatius, Saba, and St. Martin; Corythucha gossypii, from Aruba, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, Bonaire, St. Eustatius, Saba, and St. Martin; Corythucha morrilli, from Aruba, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, Bonaire, and St. Eustatius; Corythucha championi, n. sp., from Cura\xc3\xa7ao; Corythucha agalma, n. sp., from Saba.

Description: The several Dipsocoridae reported from the Caribbean islands include three species of Cryptostemma: smithi McAtee & Malloch, 1925 (Grenada), uhleri McAtee & Malloch, 1925 (St. Vincent), and pratti Usinger, 1945 (Puerto Rico). In the present paper an additional Caribbean Cryptostemma is described, cobbeni sp. n. (Bonaire).\nI am grateful to Ir. R. H. COBBEN, of the Landbouwhogeschool at Wageningen, for the opportunity of investigating the interesting material collected by him.

Description: The following Tardigrada were collected from a few Antillean localities which were studied by Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK in 1930 and 1936. One discovery on floating Sargassum north of the Azores was added. It may be expected that much richer material will result from more thorough microscopic examination of the many samples still awaiting further study.\nStyraconyx sargassi ..... on floating Sargassum, north of the AZORES. Echiniscoides sigismundi . . in salt-water ponds, BONAIRE. Macrobiotus rubens . . . . in a shallow cave, Isla de Conejo, Los TESTIGOS, Ven. Macrobiotus spec. on a hill top, Morro Grande, Los TESTIGOS, Ven. Macrobiotus spec. .....on a hill top, CURA\xc3\x87AO. Milnesium tardigradum . . . at a brackish-water spring, CURA\xc3\x87AO.

Description: A very fine preserved specimen of Rhipidocrinus spec. cf. R. perloricatus W. E. Schmidt, 1905 is described in detail. Special attention in text and figures is drawn to the armstructure. Arms proved to be composed of a monoserial main arm-trunk with biserial ramules placed in alternating order. The first ramules are fixed directly to the dorsal cup and placed regularly at the interradial sides of the radius.\nThe base of Rhipidocrinus is somewhat variably composed i. e. the radials may be in contact with the infrabasal plates. The author believes that this proves Ubaghs correct in regarding zygodiplobathrids and eudiplobathrids as variants of one and the same type of diplobathrid basal organisation.

Description: In seinen Katalogen der Sammlungen des Leidener Museums f\xc3\xbchrt Jentink (1887, p. 81; 1892, p. 95) zwei Sch\xc3\xa4del und ein aufgestelltes Exemplar von Felis leo Linnaeus an, welche aus der Kap-Kolonie stammen. Leider sind die genauen Fundorte, die Fangdaten und die Sammler unbekannt, ebenso der Weg, auf dem diese St\xc3\xbccke in das Leidener \xe2\x80\x9eCabinet d\'Anatomie" (welches das Material dem Leidener Museum \xc3\xbcbermittelt hat) gekommen sind.\nDas von Jentink angef\xc3\xbchrte Datum 1860 bedeutet keineswegs, dass die Tiere in diesem Jahre erlegt worden sind. Es ist m\xc3\xb6glich, dass diese St\xc3\xbccke im Jahre 1860 in das Museum gekommen sind. Die allgemeine Ortsangabe \xe2\x80\x9eKapKolonie" macht jedoch diese St\xc3\xbccke wertvoll, da in den Museen nur sehr wenige Kapl\xc3\xb6wen vorhanden sind. Soweit uns bekannt, werden im British Museum (Natural History) zu London und im Pariser Museum je ein aufgestellter Kapl\xc3\xb6we aufbewahrt (s. Tafel IX und X). Im Museum and Snake Park, Port Elizabeth, S\xc3\xbcd-Afrika, ist ein Sch\xc3\xa4del vorhanden, der j\xc3\xbcngst von Lundholm (1952) untersucht worden ist. Wir meinen darum, dass es sich lohnt, die Leidener Exemplare des Kapl\xc3\xb6wen n\xc3\xa4her zu untersuchen und mit den Angaben in der Literatur \xc3\xbcber diese Form von Panthera leo zu vergleichen.\nF\xc3\xbcr Ausk\xc3\xbcnfte, Bilder und die Erteilung von Abdruckerlaubnis sprechen wir den folgenden Herren unseren Dank aus: Ch. T. Astley Maberly (Duiwelskloof, Transvaal), J. Berlioz (Paris), H. Bohlken (Kiel), L. J. Dobroruka (Prag), Ch. O. Handley Jr. (Washington), J. E. Hill (London), J.\nMeester (Pretoria), F. Petter (Paris), J.-J. Petter (Paris) und dem Direktor des Museums und Snake Park, Port Elizabeth, S\xc3\xbcd-Afrika.\nDer Kapl\xc3\xb6we wurde als erste der afrikanischen L\xc3\xb6wen-Formen ausgerottet

Description: Abrus is a small natural genus of the family Papilionaceae, containing four species, well distinguished by the presence of 9 connate stamens. As a genus it was first described by Adanson in 1763 who based it on Glycine abrus L.. In fruit this species is easily distinguished by its conspicuously red and black coloured seeds, which are used in various ways, e.g. as beads in rosaries and necklaces, for making poison and medicine.\nThe flowers of the species in Abrus do not show any character leading to specific segregation. Characters of the pod and inflorescence are more useful. One, imperfectly known, species is recorded only from Madagascar and another is confined to tropical Africa. The other two species have a circumtropical distribution, one of these, A. fruticulosus, is widely variable in habit, in the shape of the leaves, and in the indumentum. It is not advisable to segregate the different forms of this species, which were formerly described as distinct species (such as A. schimperi, A. mollis, A. cantoniensis, etc.), as infraspecific taxa, e.g. as varieties, or as name-bearing forms.

Description: A few years ago, an interesting collection of fresh-water fishes from Trinidad was presented to the Leiden Museum by Mr. J. S. KENNY, fish culturist of the Trinidad Department of Agriculture. For this gift we are also greatly indebted to Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK of the Zoological Laboratory at Utrecht, who kindly acted as intermediary. Most specimens were collected by Mr. J. L. PRICE, a few by Mr. W. A. KING-WEBSTER or by Mr. KENNY himself; a few more were added by Dr. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK. All examples had already been identified and, evidently, represent part of the material assembled during a survey of the fresh-water fishes of the island, reported upon by PRICE (1955) in a valuable though rather scarce publication.\nDuring the usual examination preceding addition to our collections, a procedure which was expected to be merely a matter of routine, questions arose concerning the identifications of various samples. Some of these will be discussed in the annotated list of species in the present paper.

Description: The data concerning the heteropterous fauna of the Netherlands Antilles from which the following series of contributions has been compiled are chiefly the result of an entomological study trip lasting from September 1956 until July 1957. The investigations were carried out under the auspices of, and sponsored by, the Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen (Foundation for Scientific Research in Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles), with financial assistance from the Government of the Netherlands Antilles.\nI wish to express my appreciation to the Foundation for making it possible for me to undertake this mission.

Description: The results are given of field work undertaken in the central Pyrenean axial zone on low-grade metamorphic, highly folded Palaeozoic rocks.\nAbsence of determinable fossils is chiefly due to severe tectonisation, but occasionally also of non-deposition. Dating is entirely based on the presence of Silurian developed in a very persistent black shale facies.\nThe sandstones and shales of the Cambro-Ordovician show conglomerate horizons at different levels and a thickly developed limestone in the north and east.\nThe Silurian ampelitic slates are characterised by their high content of organic matter. Their rusty appearance in the field resulted from oxidation of the abundant pyrite.\nThe Devonian is developed in limestones and slates, but in the central part of the area sedimentation differs from the northern and southern parts of the axial zone; sandy deposits constitute the upper part of the Devonian sequence. Characteristic sedimentary structures together with the grading of part of the fine grained sandy deposits are considered evidence for residimentation by turbidity currents. Current directions measured from cross-laminations and convolutions indicate eastward directed transport of sediment.\nContinuing emergence in the west during Carboniferous times resulted in erosion of part of the Devonian sequence, followed by rapid sedimentation of greywackes in a paralic environment.\nRemnants of Triassic and late Miocene deposits are preserved north of the Maladeta granodiorite, probably as result of longitudinal faulting.\nCleavage-type folding took place during the Hercynian orogeny. A marked disharmony in folding between Devonian and Cambro-Ordovician resulted from the plastic properties of the carbonaceous Silurian slates. Late Hercynian faults, mostly longitudinal, are in some proved instances reactivated during following orogenies.\nObservations on cleavage characteristics points to close relationship with and dependence on the lithology.\nLineations measured from intersection of bedding and cleavage run roughly parallel to fold axis and plunge.\nKnicked cleavage, resulting from delatation, originated at the end of a late Hercynian uplift.\nThe dykes of the eastern part of the mapped area show coarse fracture cleavage, which developed after the normal cleavage. Some structural features are associated with the intrusion of large granitic masses.\nRemnants of pre-glacial planation surfaces, presumably of post late-Miocene (Pliocene?) origin, were identified at three different levels.\nKarst phenomena are frequent in the metamorphic Cambro-Ordovician and Devonian limestones. The large sink-holes are situated on or above the main planation surface, springs related to these sink-holes are found near the present river levels.\nA geological map is provided showing lithostratigraphic subdivisions and five cross-sections.

Description: The uppermost 32 metres of a 2436 metre core principally of lake sediments, Pleistocene and Holocene in age from the Sabana de Bogot\xc3\xa1 were analysed for its pollen content, at intervals of 10\xe2\x80\x9415 cm. About seventy species, genera of families could be recognized, many of them for the first time. The rest of the core is being analysed and the results will be published later. The Sabana de Bogot\xc3\xa1 lies at an altitude of approximately 2500 metres above sea level, 4\xc2\xbd\xc2\xb0\xe2\x80\x945\xc2\xb0 North of the equator, and 74\xc2\xb0\xe2\x80\x9474\xc2\xbd\xc2\xb0 West of Greenwich.\nFrom the diagram it may be deduced that glacial and interglacial periods affected the tropics equally as Europe and North America. It also shows that the glacial periods were at the same time pluvials, and the interglacials interpluvials.\nCurves for the real fluctuations of the tree-line, changes of annual precipitation and changes of temperature have been calculated (fig. 5). Temperatures during the high-glacial phases of the W\xc3\xbcrm glacial were \xc2\xb1 8\xc2\xb0 C lower than today, the altitude of the tree-line was some 1300 metres less than now and the snow-line showed an even greater difference (fig. 5).\nRadiocarbon dates prove that the parts of the section considered to be respectively Holocene and later W\xc3\xbcrm-glacial really correspond to those ages. Moreover the temperature curve for the upper Pleistocene of the Sabana de Bogot\xc3\xa1 corresponds surprisingly well with that published by Emiliani for surface ocean water and by Gross for Europe (fig. 6).\nWith this knowledge it seemed fully justified to correlate also the older phases with the glacials and interglacials of Europe and North America, using principally the alpine nomenclature. The lowest part of the diagram seems to correspond to the end of Hiss I (= Drenthe stadial), followed by the Riss I\xe2\x80\x94II interstadial, and the Riss II (= Warthe stadial). Then follows the Riss-W\xc3\xbcrm interglacial, the W\xc3\xbcrm-glacial (subdivided by two long interstadials, together called Interpleniglacial), and the Holocene.\nThe more important conclusions of the present study are summarized in paragraph 12.

Description: THE ICE AGE IN EUROPE especially in the Netherlands In the entrance hall a map (fig. 4) shows the largest extent of the glaciation in Europe. A model of a glacier suggests how the stones and hills shown on the photographs were transported or modelled by the ice. A stone and a buffalo\xe2\x80\x99s skull have even been found deep in the soil where Amsterdam now stands. An enormous bear tells us of the animals that once braved the cold.\nIn the first room (left of entrance hall) the tropical or subtropical life, before the Ice Age, is shown. Of the four glacial periods distinguished by the palaeontologists the first did not influence our climate. We see the animals then living here: the largest known elephant, Archidiscodon meridionalis, (fig. 2, shoulder 5 m. high), rhino, tapir, hippo, sabletoothtiger (fig. 3), hyaena, antelopes, porcupine, beavers, deer and a monkey. Many of their remains are disclosed by the water from the bottom of the Zeeland Sea-arms, others are found in the clay-pits at Tegelen, known for their pottery clay ever since Roman times. Both are sedimentations of the rivers of the first interglacial period. The plant remains are shown in a pollen diagram: the cork epidermis of the pollen is preserved in the layers deposited at a certain time (a picture shows some pollen grains highly enlarged). The diagram covering a depth of about 5 m shows the changing climate: willow (wilg) and birch (berk) belong to colder times, oak (eik) and hazel (hazelaar) point to a milder climate.\nThe room to the right of the hall shows the animals that survived here during the cold period. The last glacial period (fig. 4) saw reindeer, musk-ox, glutton, mammoth (fig. 5), woolly rhino, giant deer, bear. Many of them have been pictured by the human inhabitants in their caves, as the reproductions on the exhibition show. The wisent (fig. 6) survived, as probably did the Przewalski horses, and others (boar, elk, deer).\nThe next room shows the animals that inhabited our regions after the Ice age: as said some adapted themselves to the milder climate, others retired to the north or to the mountains in the wake of the retiring ice (fig. 7 shows how e.g. the habitat of the ring ouzel is thus cut into pieces). In some cases the habitat of a species had been divided by the ice, one part of the population finding a refuge in the east, another in the west. When the ice retired again, both followed it and the two parts met again. Often the two populations had by then developed into two different forms, subspecies or even species (fig. 8). Finally some human remains are shown: skulls of Neanderthal man and Cro-Magnon man as well as a modern atavism. The alternation in the climates is also shown in the shell remains, larger species during the warmer interglacial periods, smaller ones or none at all during the glacial periods.

Description: During recent research on a small number of freshwater sharks from Lake Jamoer, Netherlands New Guinea, I was struck by the fact that the consulted literature clearly showed a deplorable lack of agreement in the choice of a generic name for the species belonging to the genus Carcharhinus Blainville, sensu Bigelow & Schroeder (1948, p. 320), even among recent authors.\nThough by far the majority of contemporary authors now seem to have accepted Carcharhinus, a decreasing number still uses either Galeolamna Owen or Eulamia Gill, or occasionally even Carcharias Cuvier.\nIn the restricted list of literature given at the end of the present paper, eleven of the post-1900 authors finally used Carcharhinus (or Carcharinus), only two used Galeolamna (Whitley, 1939 et seq.; Fowler, 1956), while of the three using Eulamia two subsequently accepted Carcharhinus (Munro, 1956; Smith, 1951 et seq.) and the third recently preferred Galeolamna (Fowler, 1956). Only two authors still used the apparently erroneous name Carcharias (Rendahl, 1922; Blegvad, 1944). A more comprehensive list of literature would have illustrated even much better the preference given by modern authors to Carcharhinus Blainville.\nAs the authoritative monograph on Atlantic sharks by Bigelow & Schroeder (I.e.) will obviously be used for a considerable time as standard for nomenclatorial purposes, it is unfortunate that I am not able to agree with some of the arguments or conclusions these authors put forth in support of Carcharhinus Blainville. As will be discussed in more detail further on, I fear that a strict application of the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature must lead to the acceptance of the rarely used name Galeolamna Owen.\nEmphasizing once more the fact that most authors now use the name Car-

Description: This study includes the entire genus Palaquium since in the 35 years after the publication of the work of H. J. Lam on the Sapotaceae much new material has come to our disposal to broaden the knowledge of the genus.\nThe results of the study could not have been obtained without the assistance of the Directors of the following herbaria who put their material available on loan: Berkeley (U.S.A.), Berlin, Brisbane, Bogor, Florence, Cambridge (U. S. A.), Geneva, Kepong, Kew, Kuching, Lae, Leiden, London, Melbourne, Oxford, Paris, Sandakan, Stockholm, Sydney and Washington, to whom I express my most sincere thanks.

Description: The moss collections made by L. J. Brass in connection with the 5th, Archbold Expedition to New Guinea to New Guinea in 1956 to the islands off the eastern tip of Papua comprise 166 numbers representing 87 species as outlined in the following list. Three species are described as new and 22 preceeded by an asterisk are recorded for the first time from New Guinea. A noteworthy feature of the collection is that more than 80 % of the species collected are known to occur in the adjacent regions of Indonesia, Borneo and the Philippines indicating that the sources of this relatively lowland, insular flora are principally from the west.\nThe collectors\xe2\x80\x99 numbers are printed in italics.

Description: A study of the several fresh and brackish-water springs on Cura\xc3\xa7ao, carried out by Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK, revealed (a) the common occurrence on that island of Dugesia festai (Borelli 1898), a species which until then had only been known from the South American mainland (nearest find: Ecuador!), and (b) a hitherto undescribed species of Bothromesostoma, which is probably more abundant than the single discovery of it in small rain-puddles suggests. No Turbellaria were collected in the few springs which were sampled on Bonaire and Aruba.

Description: The material of Saldidae covered in this paper comprises: Pentacora signoreti, from St. Martin; Pentacora sphacelata, from Aruba, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, Klein Cura\xc3\xa7ao, Bonaire, and St. Martin; Saldula \xe2\x80\x9cpalustris\xe2\x80\x9d, from St. Martin; Saldula dentulata, from Cura\xc3\xa7ao, and Bonaire; Micracanthia humilis, from Cura\xc3\xa7ao, St. Eustatius, and St. Martin; Micracanthia drakei, n. sp., from Aruba, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, and Bonaire; Micracanthia husseyi, from St. Martin.

Description: Together with other invertebrates which he had collected, Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK sent to me \xe2\x80\x94 unwittingly \xe2\x80\x94 some polychaetes material preserved in alcohol and formalin which was not included in the material studied by ELISE WESENBERG-LUND (1958) in the eighth volume of these \xe2\x80\x98Studies\xe2\x80\x99.\nThe five samples contain 6 complete worms and about 30 fragments, some with heads or tails. The material is taxonomically uniform and belongs to

Description: W\xc3\xa4hrend \xc3\xbcber die Gastropoden des malakozoologisch so interessanten Ochridsees schon viele Ver\xc3\xb6ffentlichungen erschienen sind, wurde bisher \xc3\xbcber die Sphaeriidae dieses Wasserbeckens wenig publiziert. Gambetta (1930) beschrieb eine im s\xc3\xbcdlichen, albanischen Teil des Sees gefundene Art, Pisidium parenzani. Aus Beschreibung und Abbildungen zeigt sich deutlich, dass es sich hier nicht um ein Pisidium, sondern um ein Sphaerium handelt. Jaeckel, Klemm & Meise (1957) erw\xc3\xa4hnen in ihrer Zusammenfassung der Land- und S\xc3\xbcsswassermollusken der n\xc3\xb6rdlichen Balkanhalbinsel ausser der genannten Art auch Pisidium casertanum (Poli) und Pisidium subtruncatum Malm aus dem Ochridsee. Sonstige Arten werden in der Literatur nicht erw\xc3\xa4hnt. Um zu versuchen, diese L\xc3\xbccke in unserer Kenntnis auszuf\xc3\xbcllen, gebe ich unten eine \xc3\x9cbersicht des Materials, das mir von einigen Seiten zur Bearbeitung anvertraut wurde.\nDie von mir untersuchten Proben umfassen insgesammt ungef\xc3\xa4hr 1100 Exemplare. Hiervon sind 20% Doppelklappen, der Rest einzelne Klappen. Der gr\xc3\xb6sste Teil der Pisidien (ungef\xc3\xa4hr 200 Doppelklappen und 740 einzelne Klappen) stammt aus der Sammlung des Herrn Aemilian Edlauer, Weidling bei Wien (Fundorte 1a bis 1f, und 2), leider ohne n\xc3\xa4here Fundortangaben oder oekologische Daten. Aus dieser Sammlung kommen auch die Proben 5, 6, 7, 8 und 9 her, welche mir von Herrn Professor Dr S. Jaeckel, Berlin, zur Bearbeitung zugesandt wurden. Das Material der Fundorte 3, 4, 10 und 11 wurde 1954 von einigen Studenten der Amsterdamer Universit\xc3\xa4t gesammelt. \xc3\x9cber die w\xc3\xa4hrend dieser Reise erbeuteten Gastropoden und Bivalven, mit Ausnahme der Pisidien, hat Frau W. S. S. van der Feen-van Benthem Jutting schon berichtet (v. Benthem Jutting, 1957). Vollst\xc3\xa4ndig ist meine \xc3\x9cbersicht zweifellos nicht. Erstens weil das vorhandene Material ausschliesslich aus der littoralen Zone stammt; aus dem Sublittoral und dem Profundal dieses bis 286 Meter tiefen Sees ist nichts bekannt. Zweitens, weil die Mehrzahl der Proben in der Gegend von Ochrid gesammelt wurde; aus der Mitte und dem S\xc3\xbcden des Wasserbeckens stehen keine Proben zur Verf\xc3\xbcgung. Und drittens, weil die Proben lebend gesammelter Pisidien zu klein sind um einen Einblick in die Variabilit\xc3\xa4t und die relative Frequenz der verschiedenen Arten bekommen zu konnen.

Description: On December 7, 1953, while collecting animals along the south coast of Biak Island (Netherlands New Guinea), in the neighbourhood of the Base of the Royal Netherlands Navy 1), I was surprised in seeing red Trombidiid mites creeping on stones in the intertidal zone. These stones, which fall dry at low tide, were overgrown with green Cladophora socialis and several species of red algae 2). I became interested in the fauna of the littoral, especially in the possible presence of other Acari, and I spent several mornings in observing the animal life on the stones.\nThe Trombidiid mites later appeared to belong to a Platytrombidium species, closely related to the species described by Michener (1946) as Microtrombidium littorale from mangrove forests along the Pacific coast of Panama. It will be dealt with by Dr. Womersley of the S. Australian Museum, who studies also the Mesostigmata and the Acaridiae mentioned below.\nIn order to collect other Acari, I took a large sample of algae on December 10, 1953 and put it in a modified Tullgren apparatus. Within two days I had a large collection of small animals: Collembola, Amphipoda, young Grapsoid crabs, Isopoda, Polychaeta, larvae of Insects, and a considerable amount of mites that, according to Womersley (in litt.), belong to two species of Mesostigmata and one species of Hyadesia. Among the material I found only one specimen of an Oribatid mite.\nAfter my return it soon became clear that the Oribatid specimen represented a very interesting new species for which it were necessary to create a new family. Due to the absence of immature stages it was, however, difficult to get a definite idea about the systematic position.

Description: During a study of the Eriocaulaceae of New Guinea it became necessary to study the species in the whole of the Malaysian area. In the extra-New Guinean material studied a few new taxa appeared to be present which are described below.

Description: My first acquaintance with the genus Blumea was made in December of 1949. On one of my taxonomy field trips then, and many more subsequently, I encountered these weedy, yellow-flowered composites. Perhaps what most helped to attract my attention was their relative abundance and their characteristic pungent odour that was hard to miss. My attempts to identify these plants brought me down quite consistently to the genus Blumea; in most cases, I could proceed no farther than that with any degree of certainty. The specimens would either be quite close to species \xe2\x80\x9cx\xe2\x80\x9d or belong in the same general group as species \xe2\x80\x9cy\xe2\x80\x9d. On making inquiries then, I learned that the genus was extremely variable, not at all \xe2\x80\x9cwellbehaved\xe2\x80\x9d, and troublesome to key. My interest in these plants soon followed.\nThis interest did not transpose itself into any serious work on the group until December of 1955. Meanwhile, bibliographic research had more and more convinced me of the need for a taxonomic revision of the group. As early as 1882, Hooker had recognised the inadequacy of the characters theretofore used and even those used by him to separate the species. His remarks following the generic diagnosis in the Flora of British India (Vol. 3: 260) will only serve to emphasize this point: \xe2\x80\x9cThere is no more unsatisfactory genus than this; it is distinguished from Laggera only by the tailed anthercells, and this is not a very constant character, the anthers of some states of B. virens having no tails whilst forms of Laggera have them; Kurz, indeed, suggests (with much probability) that some Laggeras are sexual forms of Blumeas. The divisions of the genus here proposed are most unsatisfactory, and I fear that the specific diagnoses are not much better. The glabrous or pubescent receptacle is very difficult to see; the size of the heads is tolerably constant; the form and number of the involucral bracts are difficult to describe; the very minute achenes are tolerably uniform; the foliage is sportive to an extraordinary degree, as is the pubescence; gland hairs are common to most species, but the amount varies with the dryness of the locality. I have not been able to follow Clarke\xe2\x80\x99s disposition of the species at all closely, but they want a careful study in situ and under cultivation\xe2\x80\x9d.

Description: A collection of 79 specimens of Notostraca from the islands of Bonaire, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, and Aruba was kindly handed over to me for examination by Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK, Utrecht, to whom my thanks are due for giving me this opportunity of seeing some interesting material.\nAll the specimens concerned belong to Triops longicaudatus (LeConte) \xe2\x80\x94 usually known as Apus longicaudatus LeConte \xe2\x80\x94 which is the only species of its genus yet found in America.

Description: The material of Anthicidae covered in this paper was taken by Prof. H. J. MAC GILLAVRY in 1930 and 1933, when being a studentmember of two geological excursions under the leadership of the late Prof. L. M. R. RUTTEN. It comprises ten species, three of which are new to science, viz.\nFormicillia gracillipes, from VENEZUELA (Zulia) and CUBA; Leptaleus albicinctus, from VENEZUELA (Zulia, Trujillo, T\xc3\xa1chira); Anthicus judithi, n.sp., from VENEZUELA (Zulia) and CUBA; Anthicus laterotuberculatus, n.sp., from ARUBA, CURA\xc3\x87AO, BONAIRE; Anthicus macgillavryi, n.sp., from CUBA; Anthicus punctipennis, from COLOMBIA (Santander del Norte); Anthicus aequinoctialis, from VENEZUELA (Zulia); Anthicus teapensis, from VENEZUELA (Zulia, T\xc3\xa1chira); Anthicus vicinus, from COLOMBIA (Santander del Norte) and CUBA; Anthicus isthmicus, from VENEZUELA (Trujillo).

Description: In his paper on the mammals of the islands of Aruba, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, and Bonaire (situated off the north coast of Venezuela), WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK (1940 a, p. 69) mentioned a juvenile specimen of a cricetine rodent which was identified by Mr. M. A. C. HINTON and Mr. R. W. HAYMAN as probably belonging to the genus Hesperomys. In his zoogeographical remarks on the mammalian fauna of the islands, WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK (1940 b, p. 111) noted: \xe2\x80\x9cIt is doubtful what significance may be attached to the occurrence of the small Cricetine Hesperomys? (launcha aff.) on Aruba, since this genus is southern in range, none being found in northern South America\xe2\x80\x9d. This statement is, indeed, in accordance with the statement by ELLERMAN (1941, p. 446), who mentioned that Hesperomys occurs in Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, S.E. Brazil, and central and northern Argentina (see also GYLDENSTOLPE, 1932, p. 72\xe2\x80\x9476). Unfortunately the above-mentioned juvenile specimen, which was collected at Vader Piet, near Fontein, Aruba, on February 9, 1937, must be considered lost, since it could not be found either in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History), London, or in the Zoological Museum, Amsterdam, or in the Leiden Museum. However, a re-examination of all rodents collected in the Netherlands West Indian Islands from 1930 to the present day by Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK and others shows that, in these islands, a cricetine rodent does actually occur, which, in my opinion, is more closely allied to the genus Baiomys than to Hesperomys. The characters of this rodent differ to such an extent from the described forms of the genus Baiomys, which ranges from Texas and Arizona through Mexico to west-central Nicaragua, that it is described here as a new species.

Description: The present paper is based upon a small collection of water striders of the family Hebridae, collected by the junior author while conducting a field survey of the Hemiptera of Cura\xc3\xa7ao and the other Netherlands Antillean islands in the Caribbean Sea. It is striking that the hebrids mentioned here were found only on the three islands of the Leeward Group, off the coast of Venezuela, i.e. Aruba, Cura\xc3\xa7ao and Bonaire. On the very small islands of St. Martin, St. Eustatius and Saba, situated about 900 km farther to the northeast, not a single hebrid has been met with, in spite of the fact that suitable habitats were examined very carefully for their occurrence.\nThe collection comprises four species of hebrids, divided between two genera: Merragata hebroides, from Aruba, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, and Bonaire; Hebrus concinnus, from Cura\xc3\xa7ao; Hebrus consolidus, from Cura\xc3\xa7ao; Hebrus elimatus, nov., from Aruba, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, and Bonaire.

Description: Mr. H. R. VAN HEEKEREN and Mr. C. J. DU RY, of the Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde at Leiden, entrusted me with the identification of some animal remains collected from Indian sites on Aruba by Professor J. P. B. DE JOSSELIN DE JONG in 1923. These remains relate for the most part to marine turtles (Chelonia mydas L. and Caretta caretta (L.)), indistinguishable from the recent forms today living in the Caribbean Sea, but they do include also a small number of bones of mammals. These comprise a few items which are of sufficient interest to make it worth while placing the specimens on record. Five species of mammals are represented, three of which do not belong to the extant fauna of Aruba. The annotated list is given below. Details on the localities of Santa Cruz and Savaneta are to be found in Mr. VAN HEEKEREN\xe2\x80\x99S recent account on the non-ceramic artifacts (VAN HEEKEREN, 1960).

Description: A sequence of more than 4000 m of marine sediments, mainly unfossiliferous and apparently without any unconformities, range in age from probable Cambrian to pre-Hercynian Carboniferous. The lower formations are of neritic facies and there is no indication of a Pyrenean basin before the Devonian, the deposits of which are much thicker in the centre of the present axial zone than on the margins.\nA relatively thin band of black shales of Silurian age acted as a tectonic lubricant and thus its presence resulted in a marked disharmony between the infra- and supra-structures. The infra-structure is very complicated and consists of multiple composite anticlinoria and synclinoria in which the tectonic shortening is mainly accounted for by the smallest fold unit \xe2\x80\x94 the tightly isoclinal micro-folding. Fold axes and b-lineations of this cleavage microfolding plunge consistently in the same direction over sharply delimited areas of up to hundreds of square km. In the supra-structure the microfolding plays a much smaller role than in the infra-structure; the folding is less composite and high-amplitude folds of some 1000 times larger dimensions provide a real shortening of about 40\xe2\x80\x9450 %. A thinning of roughly 20 % of the Devonian sediments by compression has been calculated from fracture phenomena in thin slate intercalations in limestone beds. This thinning thus gives an apparent shortening which is greater than is actually the case.\nThe northern boundary of the main dome of Lower Palaeozoic is formed by a steep flexured zone with a throw of at least 2 km. Adjacent to this flexure on the northern side is a zone of steep isoclinally folded Upper Palaeozoic rocks cut by an E\xe2\x80\x94W branch of the North-Pyrenean fault system, resulting in a tilting of both blocks towards the north. The main dome is flanked to the south by a deep Upper Palaeozoic syncline of which the southern flank in the Monseny area passes into recumbent folds directed towards the south.\nAfter the main folding arching caused a fanning out of the originally vertical structure elements. Genetically related to this fanning is a late fracture cleavage (knick-zones) which displaces the syn-tectonic cleavage in such a way as to indicate a dilatation in a N\xe2\x80\x94S direction.\nA subsequent, yet pre-Triassic vertical jointing, visible on aerial photographs, shows a complicated picture with many strike maxima of poor regional consistency. These major lineaments greatly influence the drainage.\nImportant remnants of pre-glacial denudation surfaces have been preserved and lie at 2400\xe2\x80\x942600 m and 1850\xe2\x80\x942350 m altitude. The lower altitudes of these ranges are found towards the west of the area. The snow line of the last glaciation \xe2\x80\x94 derived from the lowest level of nivation cirque excavation \xe2\x80\x94 lay at 1500\xe2\x80\x941600 m in the north rising to 2100\xe2\x80\x942200 m in the south.\nA purely petrographical description is given of granodiorite batholiths, dykes, sills and basic rock intrusions. The talc of Fonta probably originated from dolomite by metasomatic addition of large quantities of hydrothermal quartz which penetrated from the granodiorite intrusion along a fault plane. The galena and sphalerite occurrences of Carbau\xc3\xa8re are also connected with a fault.

Description: In the earlier days the cataloguing and labeling of type specimens was rather careless, mostly with no mention that they were types. What we now term \xe2\x80\x99holotypes\xe2\x80\x99 were previously referred to merely as \xe2\x80\x99types\xe2\x80\x99, and both \xe2\x80\x99syntypes\xe2\x80\x99 and \xe2\x80\x99paratypes\xe2\x80\x99 were called \xe2\x80\x99cotypes\xe2\x80\x99. Several of the original types were obscured in the files by writing them off as synonyms of other (earlier) species names, changing not only the generic, but even the specific names. Exchange of type material was extremely informal and often no record was made of the transfers.\nI have started to compile a catalogue of the type material in the museum in 1952, shortly after I was put in charge of the fish collections. Demands for loan of paratypes urged me, however, to complete the cataloguing of some particular groups in advance of the intended catalogue, resulting in the present list of the order Mugiliformes.

Description: INTRODUCTION\nThe fossil specimens of rhinoceroses recovered at the "Elandsfontein" site, Hopefield, Cape Province, belong to the two living species of Africa, viz., Ceratotherium simum (Burchell) and Diceros bicornis (L.) (Singer, 1954). Both are widely distributed in the African Pleistocene (see Hopwood and Hollyfield, 1954), and their distinguishing dental characters have been described by Cooke (1950). The purpose of the present publication is to place the Hopefield material on record.\nThe general age of the Hopefield fauna is considered to be early Upper Pleistocene, but it is probable that part of the fauna dates from the late Middle Pleistocene (Singer, 1957). In the material recorded below Ceratotherium is about four times less abundantly represented than is Diceros. The fact that the black rhinoceros was more common at the site than was the white species is in harmony with Hopwood\'s dictum: "Throughout the Lower and Middle Pleistocene the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) was common all over Africa, whereas the black species (Diceros bicornis) was rare: from the Upper Pleistocene onward the position was reversed" (Hopwood, 1954).\nThe Hopefield specimens, originally housed in the Anatomy Department, University of Cape Town, have now been transferred to the South African Museum, Cape Town. The specimens\' numbers refer to the Hopefield collection catalogue.\nOrder PERISSODACTYLA Owen Family RHINOCEROTIDAE Owen Genus CERATOTHERIUM Gray Ceratotherium simum (Burchell) subsp.

Description: The description of Stylaster stellulatus Stewart was based on a specimen obtained at Tahiti, the coral was stated to be extremely rare, and only found at one small island in the neighbourhood. The description contains all the peculiarities for a specific definition of the coral, the salient points of this description are here mentioned, partly in Stewart\'s own words (1878, pp. 41-43). "The corallum is of a bright rose colour, especially in the younger branches, the older parts being often more pale. The branches are usually quite cylindrical, though occasionally flattened at their tips; the general appearance being much like that of S. sanguineus, but it has a bluer rose tint, and is at once distinguished by the minute size of its calicles (1/67 of an inch) which are usually uniformly and densely scattered over the branches, a few of which only show them to be more abundant at the contiguous edges". Each cyclosystem consists "of a central cup-shaped calyx, ... having an opening in its floor from which a large tube passes towards the interior of the corallum: running throughout the whole length of the tube is a minutely spined style-like columella whose point may be seen in the centre of the hole at the bottom of the calyx". The cyclosystems have from ten to fourteen dactylotomes. In the description of the cyclosystems Stewart remarks that their outer border is often raised around them so as to resemble the theca of an ordinary coral. "The edge of this false theca is sometimes more raised on the proximal side (nearest fixed end of corallum), at other times on opposite sides corresponding with the plane of the branches, but is absent or slightly developed on the larger branches where the axis of the group of zooids is at a right angle to the surface". The dactylostyles are described as "small,

Description: subsp. demaculatus Fruhst.\nGlasbinden sehr breit, bei den \xe2\x99\x82 mit deutlich, bei den \xe2\x99\x80 mit schw\xc3\xa4cher ausgepr\xc3\xa4gten lunulae; Zellflecke mittelgross. \xe2\x99\x82 ohne oder mit gerade angedeutetem Costalfleck, meist intactem Hinterfl\xc3\xbcgel. \xe2\x99\x80 mit in der Regel gut ausgepr\xc3\xa4gtem Costalband, sehr kr\xc3\xa4ftigem Medianauge, das mit der Hinterrandsschw\xc3\xa4rze verbunden ist, ohne oder mit kleinem Costalaugenfleck, mit starkem, zweizelligem Analband, zuweilen siegeli-Fleck. \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x80 29-34 mm. subsp. bohemien Bryk Sehr \xc3\xa4hnlich der vorher behandelten Unterart. Glasbinden etwas k\xc3\xbcrzer; lunulae auch bei den \xe2\x99\x80 besser entwickelt. Zellflecke kleiner. \xe2\x99\x80 im Hinterfl\xc3\xbcgel schw\xc3\xa4cher gezeichnet. \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x80 28-33 mm. subsp. litavia Bryk Eine in Gr\xc3\xb6sse und Zeichnung sehr variable Unterart, \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x80 23-36 mm.\nGlasbinden in der Regel so breit wie bei subsp. demaculatus Fruhst., mit ungleich stark entwickelten lunulae, die bei der f. kammeli Hirschke zu einer breiten Grundsubstanzbinde zusammenfliessen, die sonst nur einige kleinasiatische mnemosyne Unterarten aufweisen. Zellflecke von extrem klein bis pastos. \xe2\x99\x82 h\xc3\xa4ufig v\xc3\xb6llig intact, also ohne Subcostalfleck, Augenflecke, Analband, aber diese ebenso oft stark ausgepr\xc3\xa4gt zeigend, mit allen Zeichnungsstadien zwischen diesen extremen Entwicklungsrichtungen. Die \xe2\x99\x80 selten invers, meist mit breitem Subcostalband \xc3\xbcber M2, kr\xc3\xa4ftigen Ozellen, breitem, zweizelligem Analband, mit h\xc3\xa4ufig auftretendem taeniata-Zustand. subsp. compositus Bryk & Eisner Kleiner als subsp. litavia Bryk, mit nicht so weissem Fl\xc3\xbcgelfond. \xe2\x99\x82 denen dieser Unterart sehr \xc3\xa4hnlich, aber mit dunkleren Glasbinden des Vorder-

Description: Im Sommer der Jahren 1953, 1954 und 1956 wurden mit einem, durch das Ministerium f\xc3\xbcr Wasserbauverwaltung zur Verf\xc3\xbcgung gestellten Forschungsschiff insgesamt etwa 8 Wochen hydrographische, chemische und biologische Untersuchungen auf dem Land und im Wasser vorgenommen.\nUnter anderm wurden 352 Bodenproben gesammelt in der Ems bis Leer, in den Prielen und auf den Platen (siehe \xc3\x9cbersichtskarte hinten im Buch und Profile).

Description: Die Untersuchung des Ems-Estuarium mit dem Dollart und dem anschlie\xc3\x9fenden Wattgebiet wurde u.a. vorgenommen, um durch das Sammeln von \xc3\xb6kologischer Kenntnisse, die pal\xc3\xa4o-\xc3\xb6kologischen Verh\xc3\xa4ltnisse derartiger Regionen aus fr\xc3\xbcheren Epochen der Erdgeschichte besser kennen zu lernen. Deshalb haben diese Schlu\xc3\x9ffolgerungen \xc3\xbcber die \xc3\xb6kologischen Verh\xc3\xa4ltnisse einen etwas anderen Akzent, als wenn sie von einem Biologen stammten.\nDie \xc3\x96kologie der Diatomaceae, Mollusca, Ostracoda, Amphipoda, Copepoda, Foraminifera und noch einiger anderer wirbelloser Tiere wurde einer n\xc3\xa4heren Untersuchung unterzogen. Absichtlich war die Aufmerksamkeit auf die Mikrofauna und -flora gerichtet, weil wir besonders unsere mikropal\xc3\xa4ontologische Kenntnis vertiefen wollten.

Description: Im \xc3\xb6kologischen Teil unserer Abhandlung \xc3\xbcber Holoz\xc3\xa4n-Ostracoden der Niederlande ist eine \xc3\x9cbersicht von den uns bis jetzt bekannten Tatsachen, die die \xc3\x96kologie von Ostracoden des Nordseegebietes betreffen, gegeben (Schrifttum 4, T. III).\nDa auf diesem Gebiet noch sehr wenig Arbeit geleistet wurde, ist diese \xc3\x9cbersicht recht fragmentarisch. So mangelt es uns an Daten \xc3\xbcber die Zusammenstellung der Ostracodenbiocoenosen im polyhalinen Wasser, deren Kenntnis von gro\xc3\x9fem Belang ist im Verband mit den faunistischen Ver\xc3\xa4nderungen welche beim \xc3\x9cbergang vom Brackwasser nach dem marinen auftreten. Ganz allgemein kann gesagt werden, da\xc3\x9f eine Untersuchung von einer Serie Proben, die genommen wurden in einem Gebiet, wo nacheinanderfolgend s\xc3\xbc\xc3\x9fwasser, brack- und rein marine Bereiche vorkommen, eine wesentliche Vervollst\xc3\xa4ndigung unserer heutigen Kenntnis \xc3\xbcber die \xc3\x96kologie der Ostracoden Nordwesteuropas darstellen k\xc3\xb6nnte.

Description: Das untersuchte Wassergebiet liegt in der gem\xc3\xa4\xc3\x9figten Klimazone Westeuropas. Das Wetter ist gekennzeichnet durch seine gro\xc3\x9fe Ver\xc3\xa4nderlichkeit, die durch die atlantischen Tiefdruckgebiete, welche vielmals mit der vorherrschenden s\xc3\xbcdwestlichen und westlichen Luftstr\xc3\xb6mung die Zone durchwandern, verursacht wird.\nNachstehend geben wir einige Daten \xc3\xbcber das Klima der beiden Stationen Borkum und Emden.

Description: Ein Gebiet wie der Dollartraum, der aus Sand- und Schlickplaten besteht, die bei Flut \xc3\xbcbersp\xc3\xbclt werden, bei Ebbe gr\xc3\xb6\xc3\x9ftenteils blo\xc3\x9fgelegt werden und dann durch tiefe oder untiefe Wasserrinnen und Priele voneinander getrennt sind, bildet f\xc3\xbcr die Diatomeen einen au\xc3\x9fergew\xc3\xb6hnlichen Lebenskreis. Wechselweise von Salzwasser \xc3\xbcberschwemmt oder austrocknend in einer prallen Sonne, manchmal auch mit salzarmen Regenwasser duchtr\xc3\xa4nkt und gro\xc3\x9fen Temperaturschwankungen ausgesetzt, ist es nur bestimmten, zu spezifischen Assoziationen vereinigten Arten m\xc3\xb6glich, sich in einer derartigen Umgebung zu behaupten. Auf diesen Umstand haben schon BROCKMANN (1935) und HUSTEDT (1939) hingewiesen.\nEs zeigt sich, da\xc3\x9f in gleichwertigen Biotopen diese eurytopen, euryhalinen und eurythermen Assoziationen nicht nur in Holland, sondern u.a. auch in Deutschland, England und Schottland vorkommen. Innerhalb des Biotops entstehen kleinere, jedoch gleichfalls spezifische Artengruppierungen von Diatomeen, auf wenig n\xc3\xa4hrstoffreichem Sandboden aber manchmal andere als auf einem Schlickboden, der viel organische Stoffe enth\xc3\xa4lt.

Description: Im Nachfolgenden berichten wir \xc3\xbcber einige wirbellose Tiergruppen, welche in den Jahren 1953\xe2\x80\x941956 in den Bodenproben gefunden worden sind. Fr\xc3\xa4ulein A. P. C. DE VOS war mit der Bearbeitung im Jahre 1954 angefangen, aber schon bald zeigte sich die Arbeit zu umfangreich und wurde Dr. J. H. STOCK ein Teil der Bearbeitung \xc3\xbcbertragen. Erstgenannte Frl. DE VOS hat sich namentlich mit der Bestimmung der Polychaeta, Ostracoda, Cladocera, Harpacticoida und Calanoida besch\xc3\xa4ftigt, w\xc3\xa4hrend letztgenannter Dr. STOCK die \xc3\xbcbrigen Crustacea und \xc3\xbcbrigen Evertebraten, wie Coelenterata, Bryozoa, Echinodermata, u.s.w. vorgenommen hat. Au\xc3\x9ferdem haben Frl. DE VOS in 1954, und Dr. STOCK in 1956 im Dollart-Ems-Estuarium au\xc3\x9fer den regul\xc3\xa4ren Serienmustern erg\xc3\xa4nzende Sammlungen gemacht. Dabei wurde speziell auf die Mikrofauna geachtet.\nLeider hat der unzeitige Tod von Fr\xc3\xa4ulein DE VOS es f\xc3\xbcr sie unm\xc3\xb6glich gemacht selber diese Arbeit zu vollenden. Die \xc3\xb6kologische Auswertung ihrer Daten ist ausschlie\xc3\x9flich von Dr. STOCK versorgt worden, und dann noch nur teilweise durchgef\xc3\xbchrt. Samtliche Polychaeta warten noch auf eine \xc3\xb6kologische Durcharbeitung.

Description: Die Molluskenfauna des Dollart-Ems-Gebietes, besonders des eigentlichen Dollart-Gebietes, ist artenarm. Eine Anreicherung der Molluskenfauna in der \xe2\x80\x9eOude Westereems\xe2\x80\x9c deutet auf \xc3\xb6rtliche Vermischung mit Eemfossilien hin. Im allgemeinen ist Hydrobia st\xc3\xa4rker vertreten an den R\xc3\xa4ndern der Priele. Sie hat ihr maximales Auftreten im h\xc3\xb6chstgelegenen Teil des Watts. Die Besiedelung der Platen besteht haupts\xc3\xa4chlich aus Macoma balthica (Linn\xc3\xa9), Mya arenaria (Linn\xc3\xa9), und in bedeutend geringerem Masse Scrobicularia plana (Da Costa).\nAbgesehen von zwei \xc3\xb6rtlichen Ausnahmen wurden in den Prielen nur tote Exemplare vorgefunden. Eine dieser Ausnahmen w\xc3\xa4re vielleicht durch anfangende seitliche Erosion des Prieles zu erkl\xc3\xa4ren. \xc3\x9cbrigens weist das nur sehr \xc3\xb6rtliche Vorkommen von Eemfossilien, sowie die Verbreitung der Hydrobia-Formen, auf einen im allgemeinen geringen Transport im ganzen Dollart-Ems-Gebiet hin.\nDie Mollusken sind aufbewahrt im Zoologischen Museum in Amsterdam.

Description: Annual or perennial herbs (in Malesia) or shrubs with simple and capitateglandular hairs. Leaves opposite or alternate, petioled, usually stipulate: blade dentate and/or lobed, dissected or even compound (very rarely entire but not so in Malesia). Flowers bisexual, regular or irregular, protandrous, solitary and terminal or arranged in terminal cymes which appear to be axillary due to sympodial growth. Sepals 5 (rarely 4 and not so in Malesia), persistent. Petals equal in number to sepals (rarely absent), free. Stamens as many as petals or twice as many (rarely three times as many but not in Malesia), free or connate, some frequently staminodal, hypogynous. Ovary usually 5-locular with 1-2 \xc2\xb1 superposed pendulous ovules in each cell. Fruit a schizocarp (sometimes a capsule but not so in Malesia) splitting into 5 one-seeded mericarps each bearing part (an awn) of the elongated style (rostrum). Seeds with or without endosperm.\nDistribution. Genera 11 and c. 600 spp., centred in southern Africa but very widespread in temperate parts of the world, in the tropics mainly at higher altitudes, in Malesia exclusively so.

Description: Annual or perennial herbs, erect, ascending or prostrate, less than 1\xc2\xbd m high. Leaves spirally arranged or alternate (often various in one plant), or opposite, often in a basal rosette, exstipular, simple, sometimes lobed, penninerved. Inflorescences racemose, terminal (sometimes axillary) racemes or umbels, or flowers in whorls, or solitary axillary. Bracts small or leafy. No bracteoles. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic (rarely zygomorphic), isomerous, in Mal. always 5-merous, often dimorphous in sexual organs. Calyx dentate or cleft, persistent, sometimes leafy, rarely coloured ( Glaux). Corolla connate, shallowly to deeply cleft (free in Pelletiera), in bud often quincuncial or contorted, variously coloured (absent in Glaux). Stamens inserted on the corolla, epipetalous, rarely alternating With staminodes or their vestiges; anthers dorsifixed or versatile, sometimes basifixed; cells opening with apical pores or latrorse, filaments free or connate. Disk absent. Ovary superior (in Samolus semi-inferior), 1-celled with ~ ovules on a free central placenta; style simple. Capsule mostly 5-valved (valves epi- or alternisepalous) or 10-valved, sometimes irregularly bursting, or circumsciss. Seeds mostly ~, often angular, small; embryo straight, endosperm present; integuments 2.\nDistribution. Genera 21 with approximately 900 spp., all over the world, but mainly developed in the temperate and cold regions of the northern hemisphere; in the tropics mostly on the mountains. The largest genera, Primula (incl. Androsace) with c. 500 spp. and Lysimachia with c. 150 spp. are almost confined to the northern hemisphere and centre in the Sino-Himalayan region. In Malaysia and Melanesia Primula extends across the equator and finds its southernmost stations in the Old World. Lysimachia and Anagallis have a worldwide area. It is remarkable that the almost cosmopolitan species Samolus valerandi L., which occurs in the surrounding continents of Asia and Australia and is widely distributed in the Pacific (New Caledonia, Loyalty Is., Norfolk I., Chatham, Auckland Is., Kermadec, New Zealand, and Easter I.), has never been found in Malaysia.

Description: As was done in the preceding volumes, it seemed useful to correct some errors which have crept into the text of volumes 4, 5 & 6 as well as to add some additional data, new records, and new species or other taxa which came to our knowledge and are worth recording.\nAdditions of the Amaranthaceae I owe to Dr. R. C. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK f. and Mr. J. F. VELDKAMP, of the Alismataceae and Hydrocharitaceae to Dr. C. DEN HARTOG, of the Celastraceae and Thymelaeaceae p.p. to Dr. DING HOU, of the Malpighiaceae to Dr. M. JACOBS, of the Burseraceae p.p. to Dr. C. KALKMAN, of the Caprifoliaceae to Dr. J. H. KERN, of the Burseraceae p.p., Connaraceae, Dichapetalaceae, Goodeniaceae and Loganiaceae to Dr. P. W. LEENHOUTS, of the Gnetaceae to Dr. F. MARKGRAF, of the Simaroubaceae to Mr. H. P. NOOTEBOOM, of the Convolvulaceae to Dr. S. J. VAN OOSTSTROOM, of the Thymelaeaceae p.p. to Mr. H. K. AIRY SHAW, of the Ericaceae and Flacourtiaceae to Dr. H. SLEUMER.

Description: Mycena misera (Fr.) sensu A. H. Smith est rebaptis\xc3\xa9 et trait\xc3\xa9 en esp\xc3\xa8ce nouvelle sous le nom nouveau M. miserior Huijsm. Descriptions et figures de M. miserior et de M. pseudo-picta (J. Lange) K\xc3\xbchn., suivies de discussions.

Description: Until now only three species of the genus Baeturia have been recorded from New Guinea, viz., B. bicolorata Distant, B. viridicata Distant, and B. nana Jacobi. As I had the opportunity to study a fairly large collection of this group from different sources, collected in New Guinea, it appeared to me that this country lodges quite a number of Baeturia species, of which the present paper gives a the first account. I am sure, however, that a large number of species is not yet known to me, the more so as I left a number of species, of which my material was not sufficient, still undescribed.\nAs concerns the genus Baeturia itself, it seems not improbable that in future we are to divide it into two or more genera. As in my opinion, this only is to be done when treating of the group as a whole, and not in a paper dealing only with a geographic area, I must renounce from this now. For convenience, however, I can point to the structural differences in the frontal part of the vertex, which allow us to group the species into four sections, which, however, are not in all cases clearly separated.\nIn the first series of species the front is distinctly swollen, medially furrowed beneath, carinate in the middle and bicarinate in the upper part. The frontal part of the vertex thus is distinctly triangularly protruding, hardly broader than long, like in Muda Distant, but the structure of the male as well as of the female genitalia is very different, which brings the species into Baeturia.\nBaeturia nasuta nov. spec. Figs. 1-2.\nColour reddish ochraceous, more or less speckled with brown. In the male the sides of the abdomen are of a lighter tinge, but the 3d-8th segments show dark brown patches laterally, and a medial dorsal line is usually darkened. Ocelli

Description: P. stubbendorfi M\xc3\xa9n.\nDie vikariierende Parnassius-Art, die P. mnemosyne L. vom Altai nach Osten zu abl\xc3\xb6st. P. stubbendorfi M\xc3\xa9n. kann in grossen Z\xc3\xbcgen dahin karakterisiert werden, dass sie die am sch\xc3\xbcttersten beschuppte, zeichnungs\xc3\xa4rmste Parnassius-species ist; Binden, Augenflecke zur\xc3\xbcckgebildet; Prachtfarbe tritt nicht auf. Dagegen ist die Hinterrandsschw\xc3\xa4rze in der Regel gut entwickelt.\nI. Sibirische und Amur Gruppe.\nP. stubbendorfi stubbendorfi M\xc3\xa9n.\nEine kleine, \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x80 26-30 mm, sexuell stark digryphe Unterart. \xe2\x99\x82 meist fast zeichnungslos; nur der Endzellfleck als Schw\xc3\xa4rzung der Zellrippe erhalten, zuweilen der Mittelzellfleck punktf\xc3\xb6rmig angedeutet. Marginale des Vorderfl\xc3\xbcgels schmal und kurz, durch Weissbeschuppung verdr\xc3\xa4ngt; ebenso wie die Submarginale, die selten deutlich ausgebildet ist; im letzteren Falle sind 5-6 lunulae als breite Keile sichtbar. Hinterrandsschw\xc3\xa4rze erreicht die Analzone oder auch den Fl\xc3\xbcgelrand, dringt vorn ein wenig in die Zelle; Adernenden im Hinterfl\xc3\xbcgel internerval etwas verglast. \xe2\x99\x80 tritt in zwei Formen auf; einer hellen, die sich von den \xe2\x99\x82 durch eine breite Submarginale bis Cu2, einen st\xc3\xa4rkeren Endzellfleck, Andeutung des Subcostalbands im Vorderfl\xc3\xbcgel und Reduktion der Hinterrandsschw\xc3\xa4rze unterschieidet. Bei der h\xc3\xa4ufiger auftretenden dunklen Form ist der Vorderfl\xc3\xbcgel stark schwarz \xc3\xbcberpudert bis v\xc3\xb6llig melahyalin verglast, die Glasbinden verschmelzen, Subcostalband breit bis M3, h\xc3\xa4ufig mit der Submarginale zusammenfliessend, l\xc3\xa4nglicher Mittelzellfleck, der oft die untere Discoidale erreicht, angedeuteter bis gut ausgepr\xc3\xa4gter Hinterrandsfleck; im gleichfalls, vor allem l\xc3\xa4ngs der Adern,

Description: Bazziana is a richly developed genus of Hepaticae, as compared to other hepatics represented by large and conspicuous plants of a creeping habit, with ineubous leaves and dichotomously branched shoots, which adhere to the substratum by many flagelliform branches, which are provided with reduced leaves and arise from the axils of underleaves.\nAfter the author had collected material of some 20 species in West Java, he attempted to get some knowledge of the whole genus as it occurs in Java, and of the differences from the Bazzania flora of other islands in the Malaysian region. This study is presented here as a preliminary one, and as a forerunner to a fuller treatment of the genus for the whole Malaysian region. Some species are still only known from scanty type collections and their status is rather uncertain. A detailed study of the sexual branches, the perianths and involucra is not attempted here, because the available material is still very incomplete in this respect.

Description: A small number of fishes from the Netherlands Antilles has been collected and recently presented to the Leiden Museum by Dr. J. S. Zaneveld, Head of the Biology Department, College of William and Mary, Norfolk, Va., formerly Director of the Caraibisch Marien Biologisch Instituut, Cura\xc3\xa7ao; and Dr. L. B. Holthuis, Curator of Carcinology at the Leiden Museum.\nWhile most specimens proved to belong to known Caribbean Syngnathidae, one very remarkable specimen appeared to belong to an undescribed species.\nSyngnathidae Syngnathus dunckeri Metzelaar Syngnathus dunckeri Metzelaar, 1919, p. 28, fig. 9 (Plaja Grandi, Cura\xc3\xa7ao; lake of Bonaire; harbour of St. Eustatius; St. Martin); \xe2\x80\x94, Longley & Hildebrand, 1941, pp. 56, 59 (Long Key; inside Bird Key reef); \xe2\x80\x94, Herald, 1942, p. 132 (Bermuda; Bahamas; Cuba; Haiti; Santa Lucia; St. Kitts; Antigua; Virgin Islands; Grenadines; Puerto Rico; Cura\xc3\xa7ao; Dry Tortugas; off Cape Hatteras). 1 ex., in Piscadera Baai, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, 5 January 1957, coll. Dr. L. B. Holthuis, reg. no. RMNH 23228.\nAccording to the information provided by Dr. Holthuis, this specimen was caught at a depth of about two meters, between Zostera. It has 16 + 33 rings; D about 24; on o + 7 rings.\nOf the present species we hitherto possessed in our collections only a single specimen from Klein Bonaire, coll. Dr. P. Wagenaar Hummelinck, 13 September 1948, reg. no. RMNH 18740, not previously recorded.\nSyngnathus rousseau Kaup Syngnathus rousseau Kaup, 1856, p. 40 (Martinique); \xe2\x80\x94, Longley &

Description: 1. Fimbristylis savannicola Kern, spec. nov. \xe2\x80\x94 Sect. Fuscae Ohwi. \xe2\x80\x94 Fig. 1.\nHerba perennis, rhizomate lignoso brevissimo vaginis brunneis parce dissolutis circumdato. Culmi caespitosi, erecti, graciles sed firmuli, compressi, sulcati, dense puncticulati, glabri laevesque vel praesertim basin versus pilis albis patentibus antrorsisve pubescentes, 20\xe2\x80\x9440 cm alti, 2/3\xe2\x80\x94 1 mm crassi, ad basin incrassatam foliati. Folia erecta, rigida, setacea, canaliculato-conduplicata, apice abrupte acuminata, supra minute cellulosoreticulata, subtus costata, cinereo-viridia, pilis albis antrorsis dense pubescentia, \xc2\xbd\xe2\x80\x941 mm lata, laminis intus ad basin serie pilorum alborum a vagina separatis; vaginae striatae, cinnamomeae, antice membranaceae. Anthela subsimplex, densa, 1\xe2\x80\x942\xc2\xbd cm longa, 1\xe2\x80\x942 cm lata. Bracteae involucrales 3\xe2\x80\x945, setaceae, pubescentes, ima foliis consimilis, erecta, basi dilatata, inflorescentiam superans, 2\xe2\x80\x947 cm longa, ceterae multo breviores. Radii anthelae 3\xe2\x80\x946, breves, applanati, glabri vel pubescentes, denique patentes vel arcuato-reflexi, usque ad 1\xc2\xbd cm longi. Spiculae in apice radiorum (1\xe2\x80\x94)2\xe2\x80\x946, dense aggregate, lanceolatae, valde compressae, acutiusculae, 2\xe2\x80\x944-florae, 4\xe2\x80\x945 mm longae, c. 2 mm latae. Rhachilla late alata. Glumae distiche dispositae, tenuiter membranaceae, erectae, ovatae, acuminatae, acutae, muticae, nervo medio prominente acute carinatae, fuscae, lateribus dilutioribus dense glanduloso-puncticulatis, 4\xe2\x80\x944\xc2\xbd mm longae, c. 2\xc2\xbd, mm latae, inferiores 2 vacuae, minores, mucronulatae. Stamina 3, antheris linearibus, c. 2 mm longis, connectivo in appendicem brevem rubram laevem producto. Stylus tenuis, triquetrus, ad basin pyramidatoincrassatus, glaber, 3\xe2\x80\x943\xc2\xbd mm longus, stigmatibus 3 quam stylus brevioribus. Nux obovata, obtuse trigona, leviter tricostata, breviter stipitata, vix umbonulata, dense verruculosa, primo albida, denique straminea, c. 1 mm longa, 2/3 mm lata, cellulis extimis fere isodiametricis indistincte puncticulata.

Description: Descriptions are given of the tribe Lepidagathideae, that had already been proposed in an earlier paper, and of an entirely new tribe related to the latter, the Borneacantheae. The last-named tribe comprises so far but a single genus, Borneacanthus, based on B. grandifolius; it further includes B. angustifolius, B. paniculatus, B. stenothyrsus, B. parvus and B. mesargyreus (Hall. f.) Brem. (Strobilanthes mesargyreus Hall. f. = Filetia mesargyrea Brem.), and is confined to Borneo. Another new genus, Cosmianthemum, a near ally of Pseuderanthemum, seems to have an even narrower geographical distribution, for it has been found so far only in the western part of Borneo. It is based on C. magnifolium, and comprises in addition C. latifolium, C. angustifolium, C. obtusifolium, C. longibracteatum, C. brookeae, C. punctulatum and C. subglabrum. To the species of these two genera keys are provided. Further are described Hemigraphis sarawacensis, Lepidagathis marginata, Filetia brookeae, F. lanceolata, Hallieracantha peranthera and Peristrophe monosemaeophora. The area of Hallieracantha is extended to Siam by the inclusion of H. graphocaula (Imlay) Brem. ( Justicia graphocaula Imlay). On account of the presence of two different kinds of pollen in this genus, it is suggested that it may not be an altogether natural unit. The leaves of the two new species of Filetia proved to contain inulin, but this substance, whose occurrence in the Acanthaceae was so far unknown, is not present in all the representatives of this genus.

Description: Physarum mennegae nov. spec. maxime ut Ph. penetrale Martin, sed sporangiis subglobosis, non distincte elongatis, stipite luteolo, non rubro, concretionibus calcareis albis, non luteis, capillitio minus denso et non persistente, sporis majoribus ab eo recedens; typus: 945 in collectione auctoris, lectus a Dr. A. M. W. Mennega in Guiana Batavorum Centrali.\nSporangia gregaria, stipitata, e hypothallo orbiculari parvo orientia, altitudine 1 mm non excedentia. Hypothallus decolor, translucens. Stipes sporangio fere aequilongus vel eo paulo longior, fragilis, pallide luteolus, translucens, lucem orientem versus visus luteus, interdum paulo in sporangii cavitatem productus. Sporangium subglobosum, circ. 0.5 mm diam., brunneum; peridium sine concretionibus calcareis, tenue, translucens, cum lucem orientem versus visum est decolor, irregulariter dehiscens; capillitium laxius, e filamentis gracilibus, hyalinis, in reticulum connectis compositum; filamenta nodis calcareis albis, nunc globosis, nunc ramificatis instructa. Sporae subglobosae, 7-8 \xc2\xb5 diam., per saturam saturate brunneae, lucem orientem versus visae pallide violaceo-brunneae, minutissime verruculosae, verruculis per greges conjunctis. Plasmodium ignotum.

Description: An account is given of a scientific expedition to the Emma Range in Dutch Guiana. The expedition left on 10 July 1959 from Paramaribo, and after five days reached the base camp on the Toekoemoetoe creek, a tributary of the upper Saramacca River. From here the expedition proceeded by foot to the Emma Range. The main camp was situated at the foot of the range, at a height of 325 m. Two subsidary camps were set up at the north and south of the range respectively. On the 28th October the expedition returned to Paramaribo.

Description: Carex divisa Huds. In juni 1960 werd door D.T.E. van der Ploeg op een zandplaat in de noordelijke Makkumerwaard een vegetatie van deze nog niet eerder in ons land gevonden soort aangetroffen. Wij kopen in een volgend nummer hierop terug te komen.\nVallisneria spiralis L. Deze werd door P. Leentvaar aangetroffen te Maastricht, in het kanaal Maastricht-Luik. Ook hierover hopen wij later nadere bijzonderheden te kunnen geven.

Description: Op een excursie in begin mei 1957 naar de Baanakkers, een natuurmonumentje bij Jisp in de Zaanstreek, dat o.a. bekendheid geniet als groeiplaats van Empetrum nigrum en Corydalis claviculata, vond ik in het berkenbosje aldaar een bloeiend exemplaar van Sambucus racemosa. De vraag, hoe deze struik in zo\xe2\x80\x99n bosje op drassige veengrond terecht was gekomen, werd opgelost door de aanwezige vogeluitwerpselen en de rijke opslag van Sambucus nigra. Het bleek, dat het berkenbosje een geliefkoosde slaapplaats voor spreeuwen is in dit bosarme plassengebied en het is wel zeker, dat deze vogels de natuurlijke verspreiders zijn van de beide Sambucus-soorten, zoals ook M.T. Jansen al heeft geconstateerd in zuidoostelijk Utrecht.\nEr rest nog de vraag waar de spreeuwen de bessen van S. racemosa genuttigd hebben alvorens de zaden op de Baanakkers te deponeren. Omdat de struik nog wel eens aangeplant wordt in parken of tuinen is de verspreiding van hieruit wel het meest waarschijnlijk.

Description: In 1885 publiceerde J.D. Kobus een Flora van Wageningen en omgeving. Hij vermeldt hierin het voorkomen van Sambucus racemosa L. op de Wageningse Berg met het bijschrift; \xe2\x80\x9eaangeplant?\xe2\x80\x9d Of de soort aan de zuidelijke Veluwerand oorspronkelijk voorkomt is thans minder dan toentertijd uit te maken; ze is er nu zeker plaatselijk niet zeldzaam.\nOok in het Zuidoosten van de provincie Utrecht wordt ze op tal van plaatsen aangetroffen. Zo groeit ze in groot aantal op en om de Grebbeberg, evenzo op en nabij het landgoed Remmerstein tussen Rhenen en Veenendaal. fan kunnen we de plant nog verspreid aantrffen te Eist (Utr.) en in de omgeving van Amerongen. Een wat ongewone en daardoor interessante vindplaats ligt in de gemeente Veenendaal. Hier vindt men in het laagste deel van het Griftgebied het natuurreservaat De Ho. open water met rietland er om heen. Als afsluiting heeft men na de laatste oorlog enkele el zenbosjes aangeplant. In deze elzenbosjes zijn verscheidene houtige gewassen spontaan verschenen: Ribes sylvestre, Ribes nigrum, Rubus, Sambucus nigra en ook Sambucus racemosa. He kiemplanten van Sambucus racemosa gaan veelal te gronde door te vochtig en schaduwrijk milieu, maar op enkele meer geschikte plaatsen hebben zich struiken weten te handhaven. Het rietland van De Hel is sinds jaar en dag een slaapplaats voor spreeuwen, die zich hier uit wijde ontrek verzamelen, waarschijnlijk uit een gebied met een straal van wel 15 km. Deze spreeuwen zijn stellig grotendeels oorzaak van het optreden van bovengenoende soorten.

Description: De goed kenbare palustria-soort Taraxacum frisicum van Soest blijkt in Friesland lang niet zo zeldzaam te zijn als wij tot voor kort meenden te moeten veronderstellen. Oorspronkelijk was deze paardebloem alleen bekend van een stukje blauwgrasland in Tusken Lytsen bij Akkerwoude en uit de moerasgebieden van Eernewoude, waar de soort zeer rijk groeit. Het blijkt echter dat T. frisicum waarschijnlijk Wel overal in Friesland te vinden is waar zich nog boezemland (b\xc3\xbbtl\xc3\xa2n) bevindt en dan Wel daar waar zich op het veen een laagje knipklei heeft afgezet.\nWaar nagenoeg geen klei op het veen ligt, wordt T. frisicum vervangen door T. nordstedtii. We vonden T. frisicum nog in een klein restantje aan de Wielen onder Giekerk, aan da Eeltjemeer (topogr. k. Aaltjemeer) onder Roodkerk, in massa op de boezemlanden rond het Sneker Meer, tussen IJlst en Sneek, ten Zuiden van IJlst, tussen Heeg en Oudega en ten noorden van Oudega. Overal in blauwgraslandjes, die buitendijks liggen en elk jaar overstroomd raken. Zodra deze jaarlijkse overstroming uitvalt schijnt de soort zich niet meer te kunnen handhaven. Waarschijnlijk is T. frisicum in de merenstreek (behalve in het uiterste zuidwesten) nog op veel meer plaatsen te vinden. De veronderstelling dat T. frisicum vroeger in Friesland zeer algemeen is geweest lijkt gewettigd, daar immers nagenoeg de gehele Lage Midden van Friesland boezemland was.

Description: Op 11 juni 1960 deelde Joop Kortselius te Woerden mij mede de \xe2\x80\x9erode zegge\xe2\x80\x9d gevonden te hebben. De determinatie werd bevestigd door de heer Th.J. Reichgelt.\nVolgens de Flora Neerlandica (1, 3, 1954, p. 127) komt Carex x boenninghausiana, een bastaard tussen C. paniculata en C. remota, met de stamouders voor in drassige loofbossen op humeuze, voedselrijke klei-, leem- en zandgrond, bij voorkeur in brongebieden (drassig eiken-haagbeukenbos, essen- en elzenbroekbos) en ook in grienden. Als vindplaatsen worden genoemd: aan het Hoendiep tussen Oostwolde en Hoogkerk, Nutter bij Ootmarsum, Beekhuizen, Berg en Dal bij Nijmegen, Dordrecht, Sleeuwijk (N.Br.) en Piasmolen. In het onderhavige geval werd de vondst gedaan in de gemeente Zegveld (ten noorden van Woerden), in een essenbosje aan de voet van de Zegveldse kade bij het natuurreservaat de Kamerikse Nessen. In de oostelijke helft van dit essenbosje werden twee pollen aangetroffen met in de onmiddelijke omgeving verscheidene pollen van Carex remota. De humeus-kleiige bodem is ter plaatse zwak drassig. In de westelijke helft van het bosje bevond zich \xc3\xa9\xc3\xa9n pol Carex paniculata, een soort, die in de verdere omgeving veel voorkomt.

Description: Eet artikel van Th.J. Reichgelt over de verspreiding van Juncus inflexus L. in Nederland (Corr.bl. no.16) was voor ons aanleiding het Friese verspreidingsgebied van deze plant nog eens nader te bekijken.\nDe oudste vermelding van de soort voor Friesland vinden wij in de Flora Frisica van J.J. Bruinsma (1840): in de Menalduraer-mieden, H(inxt).

Description: Teneinde de plantengroei van de Amsterdamse grachtmuren te kunnen vergelijken met muurbegroeiingen in andere steden, hebben wij in 1954 o.a. ook de vegetatie van de Utrechtse grachtmuren bekeken. Dit gebeurde tijdens twee middagen; op 25 juli warden enkele grachten vanaf de straatzijde ge\xc3\xafnventariseerd en op 19 september hebben we de muren vanuit een kano bestudeerd.\nBij een vergelijking van de Utrechtse muurvegetatie met die van Amsterdam viel het ons op, dat enkele plantensoorten, die in Utrecht (en elders) zeer algemeen op muren voorkomen in Amsterdam heel weinig te vinden zijn. Dit zijn o.a.

Description: In aansluiting op het eerste deeltje van Twente-natuurhistorisch, dat het landschap, de geologie en de vroegste geschiedenis van dit gebied behandelt, is thans een tweede deeltje verschenen over de bodem en de bossen. Het boekje is verdeeld in een drietal hoofdstukken, getiteld: 1. De bodem van Twente, zijn ontstaan en zijn betekenis voor landschap en plantengroei; 2. de plantengroei in de Twentse bossen en 3. de geschiedenis van het Twentse bos. Het laatste werd geschreven door Dr. Van Zeist, de beide andere door Ir. Kop. Het eerste hoofdstuk geeft na een korte inleiding een overzicht over de geologische geschiedenis, verdeeld in de tertiaire afzettingen, het ijstijdvak en het holoceen, verder een beschouwing over de bodem als plantengroeiplaats waarbij achtereenvolgens worden behandeld het samenspel der standplaatsfactoren en het water en de voedingsstoffen; het wordt afgesloten met een globale beschrijving van het Twentse landschap, waarbij ook het grondgebruik ter sprake komt. Het hoofdstuk over de plantengroei in de Twentse bossen bevat o.a. een bespreking van de diverse bostypen. De geschiedenis van het Twentse bos wordt als gewoonlijk voor een belangrijk deel op pollendiagrammen gebaseerd, waarvan er twee zijn afgeheeld.\nEen samenvatting in het Duits, een literatuurlijst en een boskaart van Twente besluiten de aflevering, die ook wat de illustraties betreft weer een prettige indruk maakt.

Description: Op 1 juni 1959 werd deze zeldzame soort door mij, in gezelschap van H.W. de Vroomen, ontdekt in het Tonckensbos hij Westervelde (gem. Norg), dat nog pas kort eigendom is van de Vereniging tot Behoud van Natuurmonumenten in Nederland. Het betreft hier een oud grovedennenbos met een rijke natuurlijke verjonging van houtsoorten als eik, lijsterbes, hulst, zachte berk, beuk en fijnspar, en een rijke natuurlijke bodembegroeiing, waarin de zeldzame dennenorchis (Goodyera repens) veelvuldig wordt aangetroffen. Van dit bos is het voorkomen van Dryopteris linnaeana en een aantal zeldzame bramensoorten bekend.\nOp 15 juni 1959 werd door Dr. V. Westhoff, Dr. J.J. Barkman en ondergetekende onderstaande vegetatie-opname gemaakt van de nieuwe vindplaats van Listera cordata: Oppervlakte 9 x 13 m. In de proefvlakte zelf staan geen oude grove dennen, wel ovenal rondom, terwijl de kronen de proefvlakte gedeeltelijk bedekken.

Description: If under the following book titles it is said \xe2\x80\x9dAdd\xe2\x80\x9d it means that the new data are an addition to the \xe2\x80\x9dDates of Publication\xe2\x80\x9d by Stearn and van Steenis-Kruseman in Fl. Mal. I, 4 (1954) clxiii-ccxix, or to later information published in this Bulletin, parts 11-14, 1955-1959.\nI am indebted to Prof. Dr H. Merxm\xc3\xbcller and his collaborators at Munich for data found in the \xe2\x80\x9dAllgemeine Bibliographie\xe2\x80\x9d (Leipzig, vols 1-14, 1856-1869). Dr F.A. Stafleu was so kind to draw our attention to a French publication on the works of Lamarck and gave us permission to extract it here.

Description: Mr G.H. Addison, Curator of the Singapore Botanic Garden, repatriated end 1959.\nMr P. Ashton, Forest Botanist, Brunei, will return to England after expiry of his contract early 1950. He obtained a grant for some years to work out his data on various items, Dipterocarps and other trees, of Borneo, as a research student with the \xe2\x80\x9dOld Schools\xe2\x80\x9d, Cambridge, England.

Description: Shrubs, trees, or lianas, rarely undershrubs or herbs, with a very strongly developed and layered, fibrous, tough bast (\xe2\x80\x9cSeidenbast\xe2\x80\x9d, silky fibres). Leaves opposite or decussate, spiral or alternate, very rarely some ternate, simple, entire, exstipulate, articulated at the base, glandular-punctate in Gonystyloideae. Inflorescences terminal, axillary or extra-axillary, or on internodes, sometimes on brachyblasts, simple or rarely branched, sessile or peduncled, racemose, umbelliform, spicate, capitate, or fascicled, obviously basically racemose; flowers rarely solitary, sometimes cauliflorous and condensed into glomerules, bracteate (bracts sometimes forming an involucre) or ebracteate. Flowers bisexual (rarely unisexual by abortion and polygamodioecious or dioecious in extra-Mal. spp.), homomorphic, rarely heteromorphic, regular, tubular, campanulate or infundibuliform, tube very short in Gonystyloideae, or with almost free sepals in extra-Mal. spp., mostly caducous, some circumsciss in the lower part, or persistent (sometimes enveloping the ripe fruit in extra-Mal. spp.), sometimes slit lengthwise in fruit, 4-5(-6)-lobed, the lobes imbricate (rarely valvate in some extra-Mal. spp.), equal or rarely the interior 2 slightly smaller, erect or reflexed. Corolla absent or represented by free or united petaloid appendages, isomerous and alternating with the calyx lobes, or double in number and arranged in pairs opposite the calyx lobes, rarely more (Gonystylus), fleshy or membranous, filamentous or oblong, entire or lobed, rarely united into a ring, inserted at the throat of floral tube or slightly lower, sometimes behind the stamens, or absent. Stamens 2 only, or 4-~, in Malaysia (except in some Gonystyloideae) mostly diplostemonous, in two or in one series, if in two series then at two different levels, the upper ones opposite the calyx lobes and the lower ones alternate with them, sessile or filamentous; filaments filiform or slightly flattened, entirely or partly adnate to the floral tube; anthers 2-celled, basi- or dorsifixed, obtuse or apiculate, introrse, hippocrepiform (Gonystyloideae), or extrorse (extra-Mal. spp.), dehiscing length-Wise, usually free, sometimes the lower 1/3\xe2\x80\x941/2 adnate to the tube (Aquilaria cumingiana) Disk hypogynous, membranous or subcarnose, annular, cupular, obed, free and scale-like, or none. Ovary superior, 1-2-celled, 3-5(-8)-celled in Gonystyloideae and extra-Mal. spp., sessile or shortly stalked; style filiform, caducous, sometimes very short or obscure, terminal or excentric, in Gonystyloideae sometimes accompanied by \xe2\x80\x98parastyles\xe2\x80\x99 at the base; stigma capitate, subglobose, oblong, subclavate or pyramidal, entire and smooth, or slightly emarginate, sometimes papillose. Ovules solitary in each cell, with axial or parietal placentation, pendulous from near the top, sometimes partly or entirely and laterally adnate to the placenta, the micropyle towards the top and outward. Fruit a drupe or drupaceous, a berry, or a capsule, either apically or laterally emerging from the floral tube, 1- or 2(-3)-seeded, or 3-5(-8)-seeded in Gonystyloideae and extra-Mal. spp.; pericarp membranous, pulpy, coriaceous, or fibrous. Seeds with a caruncle-like or tail-like appendage, usually with an aril in Gonystyloideae, the seed usually hanging out by one end on a thin, string-like funicle in Aquilarioideae; testa usually crustaceous, black, often with rather irregular ridges, glabrous or short-hairy in some spp. of Aquilarioideae; albuminous or exalbuminous. Embryo straight; cotyledons plano-convex; radicle short, superior.\nDistribution. About 50 genera with about 500 species, chiefly developed in south and tropical Africa and Australia; it is almost cosmopolitan.

Description: This smallish family, containing five genera\xc2\xb9, is almost confined to the northern hemisphere in both the Old and New World, overstepping the equator only in Ecuador and Peru in S. America and in Malaysia, where it is found southward to Java and New Guinea.\nAmong the genera Huertea is confined to Peru and the West Indies (Cuba, Haiti). Tapiscia and Euscaphis are East Asian. Staphylea is widely distributed in the subtropical and temperate zone on the northern hemisphere. Turpinia is subtropical and tropical, it is the only genus represented in Malaysia. It is remarkable that the distributional areas of the latter two genera seem to exclude one another save for a slight overlapping in SE. Asia.

Description: Trees or shrubs, very rarely herbs or fleshy saprophytes. Leaves spiral, sometimes opposite or pseudowhorled, simple, entire, crenate or serrate, mostly evergreen and \xc2\xb1 coriaceous (Malesia), exstipulate (stipule-like perulae of axillary buds occur in Diplycosia and Vaccinium p.p.). Flowers bisexual (rarely functionally unisexual; or the plant dioecious in extra-Mal.), characteristically regular, (4-)5 (rarely 6-7)-merous. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, entirely covered by perulae in bud, mostly in racemes, these sometimes arranged to panicles or condensed to umbels, or reduced to few-flowered fascicles, or even to a solitary flower. Sepals (reduced in Monotropastrum and Wirtgenia) very rarely free, generally connate below to a calyx tube, the latter free or \xc2\xb1 adnate to the ovary, persistent, whether or not accrescent in fruit, lobes imbricate or open in bud. Corolla campanulate to funnel-shaped, urceolate or cylindric, sometimes slightly zygomorphous, caducous, lobed to various degree, lobes imbricate (sometimes \xc2\xb1 contorted), rarely valvate in bud. Stamens usually 10 (rarely 5, 8, or up to 20), obdiplostemonous, rarely haplostemonous, inserted at the outer margin of the disk between its lobes, or slightly attached to the base of the corolla; filaments free (Malesia); anthers dorsifixed to almost basifixed, the 2 cells (thecae) not rarely extending into free or connate tubules, these muticous or sometimes (bi)aristate distally by the prolonged back-wall, opening by terminal or introrse, very rarely extrorse pores or slits, not rarely with projecting dorsal appendages or spurs; pollen in tetrads, simple in Monotropoideae. Gynoecium syncarpous, 5- or pseudo-10-, rarely 2-4- or 6-7-celled. Disk hypogynous or epigynous, often fleshy and nectariferous, entire or mostly 5-10-lobed. Ovary 1, superior, half-inferior or inferior, generally with as many cells as carpels; placentation central, with 1 or 2 lamellas per cell, each bearing mostly numerous, rarely 1, anatropous or obliquely amphitropous, 1-tegumented ovulus. Style 1; stigma obtuse, capitate or peltate, whether or not 5-7-lobed. Fruit a 5(-7)-valved, septicidal or (sometimes lately or irregularly) loculicidal capsule, which may be \xc2\xb1 included by the accrescent, \xc2\xb1 fleshy calyx, or a rather dry to fleshy berry (Malesia). Seeds usually numerous, small, whether or not winged or tailed at one or both ends; testa thin, often reticulate; embryo cylindric, small, with copious endosperm.\nDistribution. About 125 genera with approximately 3500 spp., predominantly woody, all over the world.

Description: Trees, shrubs, herbs, or armed climbers; roots not rarely tuberous. Indument consisting of simple hairs. Leaves simple, exstipulate, opposite or rarely in whorls or pseudowhorls, sometimes unequal in one pair. Inflorescence cymose, often thyrsoid, corymbose or umbellate terminal or axillary, sometimes cauliflorous. Bracts and bracteoles present, sometimes very small, not rarely early caducous. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual or unisexual by reduction; pedicelled, with 1-3 bracteoles sometimes coloured, or sustained by an involucre. Perianth tubular, campanulate, funnel-shaped, or urceolate, sometimes articulated with the pedicel; the basal part persistent, enclosing the receptacle, tubular, club- or funnel-shaped, often accrescent; the apical, mostly circumscissile caducous part plicate or valvate in bud, with (4\xe2\x80\x94)5\xe2\x80\x9410 lobes, green or coloured. Stamens 1-40, rarely more, in 1-2 whorls, connate at the base, free from the perianth; anthers 2-locular, latrorse, basifixed. Ovary (sub)sessile, superior, 1-celled, with one erect, anatropous ovule. Style terminal, stigma capitate or fimbriate- to shortly lobed. Basal persistent part of the perianth accrescent in fruit and enveloping the fruit, the whole being known as anthocarp; anthocarp indehiscent, smooth, or with viscid ribs and glands, sometimes the glands accrescent into prickles; pericarp thin. Seed 1; embryo straight or folded; endosperm mealy or reduced to a gelatinous rest.\nDistribution. About 26 genera with 300 spp. in the New World, particularly in South America, with poor representations of mostly widespread (native or introduced) species in the warm parts of the Old World. Although the family is predominantly tropical, its area reaches to 38\xc2\xb0 SL in New Zealand and to 45\xc2\xb0 SL in Argentina. In Malesia there are 19 spp. in 4 genera, of which only Pisonia is undoubtedly native.

Description: Wij ontvingen van de Ned. Jeugdbond voor Natuurstudie een gestencild verslag van een botanische inventarisatie van de grachtwalmuren in Amsterdam, die werd uitgevoerd door het plantensociologiekader van de N.J.N., distr. Amsterdam.\nDit verslag begint met een bespreking van de functie van de grachten vroeger en nu, waarop een uiteenzetting over de bouw van de grachtmuren volgt. Het hoofdstuk Begroeiing bevat een overzicht van de wijzen waarop zaden en sporen de grachtkanten kunnen bereiken (wind, grachtwater, vogels, regenvwater) en voorts een opsomming van de milieufactoren, die van invloed kunnen zijn op de samenstelling van de begroeiing (bodem-, relief & klimaat-, biotische factoren enz.). Ook wordt aandacht besteed aan het event. bestaan van opeenvolgende stadia van ontwikkeling in de vegetatie. Uit floristisch oogpunt zijn vooral de uitvoerige inventarislijsten van deze hebben betrekking zowel op de bakstenen als op de bazalten grachtmuren en omvatten zowel de hogere planten als de lagere. Speciale hoofdstukken geven voorts gedetailleerde gegevens over het voorkomen van korstmossen, mossen en paddestoelen. Tenslotte is ook nog een tabel van plantensociologische opnamen aanwezig en een overzicht waarbij opnamen van de muurbegroeiing in 1942 en 1952 worden vergeleken. Een literatuurlijst besluit het verslag. Het verslag is verkrijgbaar bij de Bondsuitgever van de N.J.N., Van Woustraat Amsterdam- Zuid. Prijs f. 1 .-

Description: Quercus x rosacea Bechst. in de Kempen. Op 9 augustus 1959 vonden J.G. Sloff en ondergetekende in de \xe2\x80\x9cduinen\xe2\x80\x9d ten Z. van het Grote Meer, gemeente Huijbergen, een rijk met vruchten beladen eik, die op het eerste gezicht gedetermineerd werd als Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., maar bij nader onderzoek de bastaard met Q. robur L. bleek te zijn. Inderdaad bevatten alle vruchten wel een goed ontwikkeld endosperm, maar geen spoor van een kiem, terwijl alle overige kenmerken intermediaire waarden vertoonden.\nWaar Q. x rosacea aanwezig is, moet ook Q. petraea groeien of althans gegroeid hebben. Misschien staat deze vondst wel in verband met vroegere vermeldingen van Q. petraea in de buurt van Bergen-op-Zoom. E\xc3\xa9n ding staat wel vasts in de westelijke helft van de Kempen is Q. petraea wel altijd een zeldzame klant geweest. Vgl. ook wat over een en ander medegedeeld wordt in Nrs 4 en 5 van het Correspondentieblad.

Description: Op de noordoever van de Lek in de gemeente Tuil en \xe2\x80\x99t Waal, ter hoogte van de aanlegplaats van de Culemborgse gierpont, waar de oplopende Veerweg hij de uitspanning \xe2\x80\x9eLandlust\xe2\x80\x9d haar hoogste punt bereikt, werden op 15.7.1960 een twintigtal exemplaren van Chenopodium bonus-henricus aangetroffen. Leze voor ons land buiten Zuid-Limburg zeldzame soort (Heukels-Van Ooststroom, 1956) stond hier over een lengte van 50 meter verspreid in de bermvegetatie, en wel het meest aan de oostzijde van de weg. Le floristische samenstelling van de bermvegetatie was als volgt: Lolium perenne, Bromus mollis, Poa annua, Agrostis tennis, Polygonum aviculare, Matricaria raatricarioides, Achillea millefolium en Capsella bursa-pastonis. De twee eerstgenoemde soorten zijn in vegetatiekundig opzicht vertegenwoordigers van het kruipertjes-onderverhond (Hordeion-murini), een zwak stikstofminnend gezelschap op vastgetreden grond, langs wegranden en op overhoeken in de nabijheid van menselijke nederzettingen (Westhoff c.s., 1946). Chenopodium bonus-henricus zelf wordt vermeld van een plantengemeenschap van dit onderverbond, die sterk stikstofminnend is en optreedt op of in de nabijheid van mesthopen bij boerderijen. Volgens genoemde auteur komt deze gemeenschap door het gehele land verspreid voor, doch zij is het rijkst ontwikkeld op de zwaardere gronden, vooral in het Fluviatiele district en in Zuid-Limburg. Op de onderhavige standplaats in het Fluviatiele district konden evenwel geen andere vertegenwoordigers van de plantengemeenschap worden opgemerkt.\nVolgens de Prodromus Florae Batavae (I, 3, 1904, p.1452) werd in 1834 door Dr. J. Wttewaal, de Brave hendrik in de aangrenzende gemeente Houten en Schalkwijk gevonden.

Description: In Correspondentieblad no.13 werd door Krusoman en Westhoff de verrassende vondst gemeld van Poa chaixii Vill., Luzula luzuloides (Lamk.) Dandy & Wilmott en L. sylvatica (Huds.) Gaud. op het landgoed Groot Haesebroek te Wassenaar. In Correspondentieblad no.14 vermeldt Londo het voorkomen van Luzula luzuloides, samen met Festuca heterophylla Lamk. en enige merkwaardige Hieracium-soorten van de omgeving van de Midden Duin- en Daalseweg te Bloemendaal, en van Poa chaixii samen met Festuca heterophylla en weer enige Hieracium-soorten van het landgoed Elswout te Overveen. Het viel mij op, dat in Duitse, Engelse en Skandinavische flora\xe2\x80\x99s van bijna alle genoemde soorten gezegd wordt, dat zij in N.W.-Duitsland, in Skandinavi\xc3\xab en in Groot-Brittanni\xc3\xab niet inheems zijn, maar vooral in parken en hij buitenplaatsen met graszaad ingevoerd. Dit graszaad werd vooral in het midden van de vorige eeuw in Z.-Duitsland verzameld. Door vrouwen en kinderen werden aan wegen bosranden de zaden van grasachtige planten bijeengebracht. Het is te begrijpen, dat hierbij niet alleen grassen, maar ook Luzula\xe2\x80\x99s verzameld werden en dat bovendien allerlei andere zaden in dit mengsel terechtkwamen. Dit zaadmengsel werd in grote hoeveelheden als \xe2\x80\x9eWaldgras\xe2\x80\x9d of \xe2\x80\x9eSchattengras\xe2\x80\x9d naar het buitenland uitgevoerd, waar het gebruikt werd om de ondergroei in bossen en parken te \xe2\x80\x9everbeteren\xe2\x80\x9d. Hoewel mij geen gegevens over import van deze zaden in Nederland bekend zijn, is de overeenkomst van de bovengenoemde reeks soorten met de in het buitenland als ge\xc3\xafmporteerd met dit zaadmengsel opgegeven planten zo opvallend, dat ik er niet aan twijfel, dat ook in ons land van dit zaadmengsel op vrij grote schaal is gebruik gemaakt. Ik ontleen deze gegevens aan Hylander, die in Symbolae Botanicae Upsaliensis 7, 1943, onder de titel \xe2\x80\x9eDie Grassameneink\xc3\xb6mmlinge schwedischer Parke\xe2\x80\x9d een zeer uitgebreide studie publiceerde van de vele soorten, die in Skandinavi\xc3\xab met vooral uit Duitsland en Frankrijk afkomstige graszaadmengsels ingevoerd en ten dele ingeburgerd zijn. Dit alles werd voor mij aanleiding om de in Nederland bekende vindplaatsen van bovengenoemde soorten nauwkeurig na te gaan, wat tot het volgende resultaat leidde.

Description: D.T.E. van der Ploeg, De floristiek van Oostelijk Friesland. Wetensch. Meded. no 36, febr. 1960, uitg. Kon. Ned. Natuurhist. Ver., 40 pag., ge\xc3\xafll., f. 2,75 (voor leden van de K.N.N.V. en It Fryske Gea f. 2,25).\nWeer is \xc3\xa9\xc3\xa9n van da keurig verzorgde Wetenschappelijke Mededelingen van de K.N.N.V. verschenen. Zij bevat een bespreking van de floristiek van de oostelijke delft van Friesland, waarbij vooral aandacht wordt besteed aan de zandgronden, de \xe2\x80\x9eW\xc3\xa2lden\xe2\x80\x9d, hoewel ook de overige delen van het gebied worden behandeld.

Description: In. no. 15 van dit blad vermeldde ir. E. Stapelveld een vondst van Listera cordata in Drente, nl. in het Tonckenshos bij Westervelde (gem. Norg). Dit is na Vledder de tweede zekere vondst in ons land buiten de Waddeneilanden.\nInteressant is het voorkomen, op dezelfde plek, van nog enige boreaal-montane soorten, nl. de mossen Dicranum majus, D. rugosum (undulatum) en Plagiothecium undulatum.

Description: Reeds lang is bekend, dat na het tot stand komen van de afsluitdijk en de verzoeting van het IJselmeer de flora van het Oudemirdumer Klif sterk is veranderd, Voor zover mij hekends zijn deze veranderingen echter nimmer vastgelegd.\nIn de laatste jaren heb ik dan ook de flora van het klif vergeleken met wat Koopmans en Koopmans-Forstmann hierover in 1931 publiceerden in het Ned. Kruidkundig Archief. Bij deze vergelijking vond ik inderdaad vrij grote verschillen.

Description: Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop. bij Leewarden. Als aanvulling op de korte mededeling van Johs. Kemp over het voorkomen van Myrrhis odorata langs de spoorlijn tij Koopmans\xe2\x80\x99 Meelfabrieken te Leeuwarden (Corr.bl 14) nog de volgende opmerking.\nDeze vindplaats is niet nieuw. Reeds in 1923 maakte ir. Schweers de heer en mevrouw Koopmans-Forstmann opmerkzaam op het voorkomen van deze plant op precies dezelfde Plaats. Enkele jaren later verzamelde J.P. Wiersma de plant er eveneens (herb. Fries Natuurhist, Museum). Nog in 1957 kon ik mij overtuigen dat Myrrhis odorata vrij veel en in forse exemplaren op de bekende vindplaats voorkwam.

Description: Verslag van de excursie van de Commissie voor het Floristisch Onderzoek van Nederland uit de Kon. Ned. Botanische Vereniging.\nDe excursie werd gehouden van 11 tot 16 juli, met verblijfplaats Oostburg.

Description: Mr J. Sinclair reported that during 1959 several smaller collections were made in Pahang, Johore, Kelantan, and Perak.

Description: In 1834 Royle (Ill. Him. Bot. p. 136) indicated very briefly, but sufficiently, as was not infrequently done in those early days, the characters of a new genus, already recognized but not validly published by Wallich, named Cardiopteris. Under this name it was taken up and fully described and pictured by Blume (Rumphia part 29, Dec. 1842-April 1843, p. 206) who based a new family on it, Cardiopteridaceae.\nHasskarl described the same plant independently as the type of a new genus for his Cat. Hort. Bog. (1844) 235, naming it Peripterygium. In a precursor to that Catalogue he published this name in advance (in Tijd. Natuurl. Geschied. & Phys. 10, 2nd instalment, March 1843, 142). The date March 1843 is cited by Hasskarl himself, cf. Flora 27 (1844) 583.

Description: Anonymus: Cumulative Index of authors of articles published in the \xe2\x80\x9dBulletin\xe2\x80\x9d series of the Botanic Gardens, Bogor. Special Issue of Reinwardtia, Aug. 1959, 37 pp. A handy index alphabetically arranged by authors of papers published in the three series of the Bulletins.\nAnonymus: Index Kewensis, Suppl. 12 (1951-1955), 157 pp., April 1959.

Description: The frontispiece selected for this number is a photograph made during a visit by Leyden botanists to the nestor of Malaysian botany, Dr C.A. Backer, at Heemstede, who celebrated his 85th birthday, September 18, 1959. Though now almost confined to his room and his eyesight unfortunately no longer sufficient to dissect plants under the microscope, he is still busy as a bee pursuing literary subjects of study, connected with the use of Latin in botany, of which he has an almost unrivalled knowledge. It is a blessing to him that his mind is as sharp and clever and his memory as good as before. During visits of his juniors he cannot leave out teaching, in which Latin is the main theme, especially the proper pronunciation of plant names; we always wonder what the Romans would have thought in hearing our ignorance of their language. When the photograph was taken by Dr Ding Hou he was just cracking one of his jokes, of the usual sharp kind. We are happy to have him still with us, humbly remembering the very large amount of exemplary and critical work he performed on the Javanese flora from which we daily profit.\nThe main activities of the Flora Malesiana since the last Bulletin were concerned with the printing and preparation of two instalments, viz the first of the fern series by Dr Holttum, which was published in December 1959, and the first of volume 6 of the Phanerogams, which was nearly ready for the press at that date.

Description: Endlicher, S.: Genera plantarum. 1836-40. Index. -----: Ibid. Suppl. 1842. Index.\nIndex nominum genericorum. Card index I.A.P.T. In course of preparation.

Description: Within the Helobieae there has been a great deal of controversial opinion about the evaluation of the genera belonging to the Potamogetonaceae, among which Najas finds by almost unanimous opinion its closest relatives. Generally Najas has been accepted to represent a separate monotypic family on account of the basal ovule and the structure of the anther (with a thin, tight, 2-lipped envelope and apically escaping pollen). The closest allied genus among Potamogetonaceae seems to be Zannichellia, which is by HUTCHINSON (1934) accepted as a separate family, Zannichelliaceae, put together with Najadaceae in his order Najadales.\nWithin the Helobieae some authors accept the structure of Najadaceae as primitive, notably CAMPBELL (1897) and RENDLE (1930), but others find it a derived, advanced state within the order, cf. HUTCHINSON (1934) and LAWRENCE (1951).

Description: Trees, shrubs, woody climbers, or herbs. Hairs simple, stellate, or glandularcapitate; colleters often present in the axils of the leaves, stipules, and sepals (among Mal. genera absent in Buddleja only). Leaves nearly always opposite, entire or nearly so, penninerved, rarely 3-7-plinerved (Strychnos) or curvinerved (Mitrasacme); ; stipules interpetiolar (in many genera reduced to a stipular line) in some genera moreover intrapetiolar. Flowers in cymose to thyrsiform (rarely racemose or spicate) inflorescences or solitary, 5-(rarely 4-, in Anthocleista up to 16-)merous, nearly always bisexual, actinomorphic (in some genera slightly zygomorphic). Disk sometimes present (not in Mal. spp.). Sepals united or free. Corolla gamopetalous, very rare with a corona. Stamens isomerous in Mal. spp. in 2 extra-Mal. genera less), alternating, inserted on the corolla tube (with one exception in Buddleja), , included or exserted; anthers basifixed or sometimes slightly (in the Spigelieae), , slightly to deeply bifid at base, lengthwise dehiscent. Ovary superior (in Polypremum, Cynoctonum, and Mitrasacme p.p. semi-inferior), (1-)2(-4)-celled, placentas axile (parietal if 1-celled), often peltate; ovules l-~ per cell, amphitropous or anatropous; style usually one. Fruit always superior, capsular, baccate, or drupaceous. Seeds 1-~, with copious endosperm; embryo minute straight, cotyledons small.\nDistribution. About 28 genera with some 600 spp., almost confined to the tropics of both eastern and Western hemispheres, a few genera extending to the warm-temperate regions, mainly towards the south. In Malaysia 11 genera with 80 spp.

Description: As a phylogenist, I have often experienced that a relatively small number of scientifically working botanists realize the importance \xe2\x80\x94 or even the existence \xe2\x80\x94 of the factor time. It is true that many of them never come across that factor; for a man who through his microscope analyses the structure of a tissue, or a man who with the most delicate methods investigates the composition of organic compounds in a vacuole, the factor time is quite insignificant, as long as they keep analysing and do not ask where things come from (which they usually don\xe2\x80\x99t).\nHowever, the changes which time may entail in the material investigated, are practically always interpretable in terms of reversibility or periodicity. They seldom or never evoke thoughts of a farther past than a few hours, days, or years. I have sometimes felt astonished, moreover, that even morphologists who study the ontogeny of organs to the minutest details consciously or unconsciously stop at what they cannot observe with their senses, directly or by the mediation of their instruments; the step from ontogenist to phylogenist seems to be a very wide one.

Description: The present study includes the whole genus Madhuca and is not restricted to those of the Malaysian area only. The results of this study could not have been obtained without the kind help of the Directors of the herbaria of Berkeley (U.S.A.), Berlin, Bogor, Florence, Jamaica Plain (U.S.A.), Kepong, Kew, Lae, Leiden, London, Manokwari, Paris, Singapore, Utrecht and Washington to whom I express my most sincere thanks.\nThe abbreviations of the names of herbaria are those proposed in the Index Herbariorum by Lanjouw and Stafleu. The herbarium of the Forest Department in Manokwari, is still indicated by Holl, the original abbreviation.

Description: Through the kind assistance of Prof. Dr D. K. Zerov large photographs were obtained of type specimens of two dozen Verbenaceae which have been described by Turczaninow and are preserved in his Herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Science of the Ukrainian S.S.R. at Kiew. These have been studied by Dr Moldenke and have been deposited in his files. He discarded one of them as it did not seem verbenaceous, viz Vitex lanceolata Turcz. (Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 36, 1863, ii, p. 224).\nThe provenance of the specimen on the label reads \xe2\x80\x9cGoring coll. Japon: Java\xe2\x80\x9d \xe2\x80\x94 No. 90.

Description: In the previous volume of this periodical the present author reported on the occurrence of Hypericum canadense L. in the Netherlands, together with that in a similar locality in Ireland and in a more deviating locality in France, discovered by WEBB and by BOUCHARD respectively.\nDr. C. SIMON of Basel, Switzerland, was so kind to send dried material of two collections from the French locality, collected by him on August 17th, 1958, and August 20th, 1959 (Haute Sa\xc3\xb4ne, at the beach of a lake in the region of the Etang d\xe2\x80\x99Arfin, near La Mer, alt. 540 m). This material, however, appeared to belong to another species, though related to H. canadense, namely, Hypericum majus (A. Gray) Britt. Dr. Simon himself arrived already at the same conclusion, which, according to his letter, was confirmed moreover by Dr. MERXMUELLER who reported, in 1956, the finding of the latter species in Germany, in a locality where it had been introduced by U.S. military units during world war II. It is remarkable in this connection that BOUCHARD in his discussion of the possibilities of introduction into France mentioned the stay in the area in question of U.S. army units during world war I.