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1

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Circadian photoreception in the retinally degenerate mouse (rd/rd) (1991)

Foster, R. G. ; Provencio, I. ; Hudson, D. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of comparative physiology 169 (1991), S. 39-50

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ISSN: 1432-1351

Keywords: Photoreception ; Retinally degenerate ; Mouse ; Circadian ; Rods ; Cones ; 11-cis retinaldehyde ; Immunocytochemistry ; HPLC

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary We have examined the effects of light on circadian locomotor rhythms in retinally degenerate mice (C57BL/6J mice homozygous for the rd allele: rd/rd). The sensitivity of circadian photoreception in these mice was determined by varying the irradiance of a 15 min light pulse (515 nm) given at circadian time 16 and meauring the magnitude of the phase shift of the locomotor rhythm. Experiments were performed on animals 80 days of age. Despite the loss of visual photoreceptors in the rd/rd retina, animals showed circadian responses to light that were indistinguishable from mice with normal retinas (rd/+ and +/+). While no photoreceptor outersegments were identified in the retina of rd/rd animals (80–100 days of age), we did identify a small number of perikarya that were immunoreactive for cone opsins, and even fewer cells that contained rod opsin. Using HPLC, we demonstrated the presence and photoisomerization of the rhodopsin chromophore 11-cis retinaldehyde. The rd/rd retinas contained about 2% of 11-cis retinaldehyde found in +/+ retinas. We have yet to determine whether the opsin immunoreactive perikarya or some other unidentified cell type mediate circadian light detection in the rd/rd retina.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198171

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2

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Peptidergic motoneurons in the buccal ganglia of Aplysia californica Immunocytochemical, morphological, and physiological characterizations (1991)

Church, Paul J. ; Cohen, Kevin P. ; Scott, Marsha L. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of comparative physiology 168 (1991), S. 323-336

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ISSN: 1432-1351

Keywords: Aplysia ; Motoneurons ; Immunocytochemistry ; Small cardioactive peptides ; Facilitation ; Depression ; Buccal ; Feeding

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary We used physiological recordings, intracellular dye injections and immunocytochemistry to further identify and characterize neurons in the buccal ganglia of Aplysia calif ornica expressing Small Cardioactive Peptide-like immunoreactivity (SCP-LI). Neurons were identified based upon soma size and position, input from premotor cells B4 and B5, axonal projections, muscle innervation patterns, and neuromuscular synaptic properties. SCP-LI was observed in several large ventral neurons including B6, B7, B9, B10, and B11, groups of s1 and s2 cluster cells, at least one cell located at a branch point of buccal nerve n2, and the previously characterized neurons B1, B2 and B15. B6, B7, B9, B10 and B11 are motoneurons to intrinsic muscles of the buccal mass, each displaying a unique innervation pattern and neuromuscular plasticity. Combined, these motoneurons innervate all major intrinsic buccal muscles (I1/I3, I2, I4, I5, I6). Correspondingly, SCP-LI processes were observed on all of these muscles. Innervation of multiple nonhomologous buccal muscles by individual motoneurons having extremely plastic neuromuscular synapses, represents a unique form of neuromuscular organization which is prevalent in this system. Our results show numerous SCPergic buccal motoneurons with widespread ganglionic processes and buccal muscle innervation, and support extensive use of SCPs in the control of feeding musculature.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198352

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3

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Cellular localization of somatolactin in the pars intermedia of some teleost fishes (1991)

Rand-Weaver, Mariann ; Baker, Bridget J. ; Kawauchi, Hiroshi

Springer

Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 207-215

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Somatolactin (SL) ; Pituitary gland, pars intermedia ; PAS-positive cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Gadus morhua, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Poecillia latipinna (Teleostei)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary We report here on the cellular localization in the fish pituitary of somatolactin (SL), a putative new pituitary hormone related to growth hormone and prolactin, which has been recently identified in the piscine pituitary gland. Immunocytochemical staining, using anti-cod SL serum, revealed that in the cod pituitary gland, SL is produced by cells in the intermediate lobe, bordering the neural tissue. These cells, staining weakly with periodic-acid-Schiff (PAS), are distinct from the melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) cells which, as in all teleosts, are PAS-negative. SL-immunoreactivity was observed in the same location in all other teleost species examined: flounder, rainbow trout, killifish, molly, catfish and eel. In most fish the SL-immunoreactive cells are either strongly or weakly PAS-positive but in rainbow trout are chromophobic, indicating that the SL protein can probably exist in glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms. Thus, in demonstrating the cellular localization of SL, this study provides the first identification of the enigmatic, second cell-type of the fish pars intermedia.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318762

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4

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Qualitative and quantitative comparison of the distribution of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilament epitopes within central and peripheral axons of adult hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) (1991)

Sloan, Kathryn E. ; Stevenson, James A. ; Bigbee, John W.

Springer

Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 265-270

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Neurofilaments ; Phosphorylation ; Axon ; Immunocytochemistry ; Golden syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary The distribution of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated neurofilament epitopes was determined immunocytochemically in adjacent 2 μm-thick sections of sciatic nerve, ventral root and spinal cord. Staining was scored as either intense, moderate or absent and the proportion of labeled axons was calculated for each category. Nearly all sciatic nerve and ventral root axons were immunoreactive with both antibodies against phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilaments and there were no significant differences in the number of intensely- or moderately-labeled axons. Within the spinal cord however, while the majority of large caliber axons was stained with both antibodies, there was a significant number of small caliber axons which stained only with antibodies against phosphorylated neurofilaments. These results show that phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated neurofilaments are extensively codistributed in CNS and PNS axons, and that in the CNS, staining intensity for non-phosphorylated epitopes is less in the smaller axons.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318768

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5

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The serotoninergic system in the brain of the Japanese quail (1991)

Cozzi, B. ; Viglietti-Panzica, C. ; Aste, N. ; [et al.]

Springer

Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 271-284

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Serotonin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Avian brain ; Hypothalamus ; Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica (Aves)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary The presence and topographical localization of the serotoninergic system in the brain of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) have been studied by means of peroxidase-anti-peroxidase immunocytochemistry. The perimeter, diameter, area, and shape factor of immunoreactive cells have been recorded and analyzed morphometrically for intra- and interspecies comparison. The data reported here confirm and extend results previously obtained in the brain of other avian species. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons of the quail are mainly located in the hypothalamic paraventricular organ and adjacent areas, and in the brainstem where they form three separate groups. The first of these groups consists of small-sized neurons located in the ventro-rostral mesencephalon. The second group is composed of medium-sized neurons located in the dorsal mesencephalo-pontine region. The third group is also formed by medium-sized neurons, and is located ventrally in the ponto-medullary region. In the quail brain, serotoninergic neurons are not restricted to nuclei located in the vicinity of the midsagittal plane, but show some lateralization, especially in the brainstem. The organization of the different groups of immunoreactive neurons based on this topographical distribution and morphometric analysis has been compared with descriptions of the serotoninergic system in other birds. Serotonin-immunoreactive nerve fibers are widely distributed throughout the brain, but appear to be particularly abundant in regions involved in the control of reproductive activities, such as the septal region, the medial preoptic nucleus, the nucleus intercollicularis, and the external zone of the median eminence. The data reported here have allowed the drawing of a map of serotoninimmunoreactive structure.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318769

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6

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Immunocytochemical mapping of neuronal pathways from brain to corpora cardiaca/corpora allata in the cockroach Diploptera punctata with antisera against Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (1991)

Duve, Hanne ; Thorpe, Alan ; Tobe, Stephen S.

Springer

Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 285-291

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neuropeptides ; Allatostatins ; Neurosecretory cells ; Corpus cardiacum/corpus allatum complex ; Diploptera punctata, Calliphora vomitoria (Insecta)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary Neuronal circuits in the brain and retrocerebral complex of the cockroach Diploptera punctata have been mapped immunocytochemically with antisera directed against the extended enkephalin, Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-8). The pathways link median and lateral neurosecretory cells with the corpus cardiacum/corpus allatum complex. In females, nerve fibres penetrate the corpora allata and varicosities or terminals, immunoreactive to Met-8, surround the glandular cells. Males differ in having almost no Met-8 immunoreactivity in the corpora allata. The corpora cardiaca of both males and females are richly supplied with Met-8 immunoreactive material, in particular in the ‘cap’ regions immediately adjacent to the corpora allata. A similarity in the amino-acid sequences of Met-8 and the C-terminus of the recently characterised allatostatins of D. punctata suggests that the pathways identified with the Met-8 antisera may be the same as those by which the allatostatins are transported from the brain to the corpus allatum. In comparative studies on the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria, similar neuronal pathways have been identified except that no sexual dimophism with respect to amounts of immunoreactive material within the corpus allatum has been observed. These results suggest a possible homology in the neuropeptide regulation of the gland.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318770

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7

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Immunocytological localization of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-like molecules and their receptors in a calcium-transporting epithelium of a crustacean (1991)

Meyran, J. C. ; Morel, G. ; Haussler, M. R. ; [et al.]

Springer

Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 345-351

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Vitamin D-1,25(OH)2D3-like immunoreactivity ; 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor-like immunoreactivity ; Immunocytochemistry ; Calcium ions ; Orchestia cavimana (Crustacea)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary For the first time, immunoreactivity to 1,25(OH)2D3-like molecules and their receptors has been investigated in a calcium transporting epithelium of a crustacean, Orchestia, using vertebrate antisera on ultrathin cryosections of posterior caeca previously fixed in glutaraldehyde, then postfixed in osmium tetroxide. Both immunoreactivities were located mainly in the nuclei of epithelial cells. Quantitative differences in 1,25(OH)2D3-like immunoreactivity were noticed from one stage of the molt cycle to another. These results, together with other data, contribute to evidence that immunoreactive 1,25(OH)2D3-like molecules may be involved in the regulatory processes of calcium metabolism in this terrestrial crustacean and suggest an involvement of these substances in the regulation of calcium movements in the posterior caeca.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318776

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8

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Different epithelia in the distal human male urethra (1991)

Holstein, A. F. ; Davidoff, M. S. ; Breucker, H. ; [et al.]

Springer

Cell & tissue research 264 (1991), S. 23-32

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Male urethra ; Urethral epithelium ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Man

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary The distal segment of the human male urethra, in particular the fossa navicularis, was studied with light- and electron microscopy as well as by means of histochemical and immunocytochemical methods. The fossa navicularis of the urethra contains a circumscribed zone of extremely thick, non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composed of cells containing a large amount of glycogen. These cells lack acid phosphatase activity and lysozyme-like immunoreactivity, both of which can be demonstrated to varying extents in the other zones of the distal male urethra. These glycogen-rich cells are considered to be the substrate for an endogenous flora of lactobacteria, whereas the acid-phosphatase activity and the lysozyme-like immunoreactivity indicate the presence of macrophages and the secretion of bactericidal agents at the epithelial surface. These observations suggest that the different zones with heterogeneous properties in the distal male urethra probably represent a defense system against the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, the glycogen-rich zone, which resembles the glycogen-rich epithelium of the vagina, is estrogen-dependent. This is demonstrated in cases of sex reversal in which after long-lasting estrogen treatment the glycogen-rich zone becomes extremely extended by displacement of the neighbouring epithelium.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305719

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9

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Enkephalin-immunoreactive cells in the mesencephalic tegmentum project to the optic tectum of the teleosts Salmo gairdneri and Salmo salar (1991)

Vecino, Elena ; Ekström, Peter ; Sharma, Sansar C.

Springer

Cell & tissue research 264 (1991), S. 133-137

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Enkephalins ; Tegmentum mesencephali ; Tectum opticum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Retrograde labeling ; Cobalt-lysine ; Salmo gairdneri, Salmo salar (Teleostei)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary Immunocytochemistry using antibodies against Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin has demonstrated a group of large enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons in the nucleus of the rostral mesencephalic tegmentum (mRMT) of two teleost fish, Salmo gairdneri and Salmo salar. Injections of cobalt-lysine in the medial optic tectum retrogradely labeled the above group of tegmental neurons. Tegmental neurons were labeled only ipsilaterally to the injection site. This indicates that enkephalinergic neurons in the nRMT project to the optic tectum, and that at least some of the enkephalinergic axons observed in the optic tectum belong to a tegmento-tectal pathway. Comparable enkephalinergic pathways have been described in reptiles and birds, where pretectal-mesencephalic nuclei contribute to the enkephalin-containing fibers that project to the optic tectum.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305731

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10

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Development of the endocrine pancreas during larval phases of Rana temporaria (1991)

Ortiz de Zárate, A. ; Villaro, A. C. ; Etayo, J. C. ; [et al.]

Springer

Cell & tissue research 264 (1991), S. 139-150

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Pancreas, endocrine ; Larval development ; Serial thin/semithin sections ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rana temporaria (Anura)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary The pancreatic endocrine component was studied at different stages of development in the tadpoles of Rana temporaria. The material was embedded in Epon, and serial semithin and thin sections were made in order to correlate ultrastructural features and tinctorial traits of the endocrine cells. Serial semithin sections were also stained with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method and with silver impregnations for argyrophilia and argentaffinity. In early larvae (legless tadpoles), A and B cells are present. Both can be found within ducts and exocrine tissue or, more frequently, in cellular clusters among the ducts and acini. These primitive islets are solid structures, surrounded but not penetrated by capillaries. Mitoses were observed in A and B cells. In the following phase (tadpoles with hindlegs), D and pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive cells are also present, as well as numerous endocrine cells scattered among exocrine tissue. There is also a change in the vascular-insular pattern: capillaries not only surround but also penetrate the endocrine group. The structure of the endocrine pancreas in older tadpoles is similar. Tinctorial traits and ultrastructural features of endocrine cells are described, and the origin of primitive islets is discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305732

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