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  • Articles  (160)
  • *Biological Evolution  (87)
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  • Articles  (160)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (160)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Description: Pollen tube guidance precedes the double fertilization of flowering plants. Here, we report the identification of a small maize protein of 94 amino acids involved in short-range signaling required for pollen tube attraction by the female gametophyte. ZmEA1 is exclusively expressed in the egg apparatus, consisting of the egg cell and two synergids. Chimeric ZmEA1 fused to green fluorescent protein (ZmEA1:GFP) was first visible within the filiform apparatus and later was localized to nucellar cell walls below the micropylar opening of the ovule. Transgenic down-regulation of the ZmEA1 gene led to ovule sterility caused by loss of close-range pollen tube guidance to the micropyle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marton, Mihaela L -- Cordts, Simone -- Broadhvest, Jean -- Dresselhaus, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):573-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Developmental Biology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antisense Elements (Genetics) ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA, Complementary ; Flowers/growth & development/*physiology ; Genes, Plant ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Reproduction ; Seeds/physiology ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Signal Transduction ; Zea mays/*genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sawa, Akira -- Snyder, Solomon H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1128-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. asawa1@jhmi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/*genetics/physiology ; Affective Disorders, Psychotic/enzymology/*genetics ; Carrier Proteins/physiology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Protein Binding ; Schizophrenia/*genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Translocation, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2005-12-03
    Description: A nearly complete skeleton of Archaeopteryx with excellent bone preservation shows that the osteology of the urvogel is similar to that of nonavian theropod dinosaurs. The new specimen confirms the presence of a hyperextendible second toe as in dromaeosaurs and troodontids. Archaeopteryx had a plesiomorphic tetraradiate palatine bone and no fully reversed first toe. These observations provide further evidence for the theropod ancestry of birds. In addition, the presence of a hyperextendible second toe blurs the distinction of archaeopterygids from basal deinonychosaurs (troodontids and dromaeosaurs) and challenges the monophyly of Aves.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayr, Gerald -- Pohl, Burkhard -- Peters, D Stefan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 2;310(5753):1483-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Division of Ornithology, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Gerald.Mayr@senckenberg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16322455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds ; Bone and Bones ; *Dinosaurs ; Feathers ; *Fossils ; Germany ; Skeleton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2005-10-01
    Description: Monocular deprivation normally alters ocular dominance in the visual cortex only during a postnatal critical period (20 to 32 days postnatal in mice). We find that mutations in the Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) affect cessation of ocular dominance plasticity. In NgR-/- mice, plasticity during the critical period is normal, but it continues abnormally such that ocular dominance at 45 or 120 days postnatal is subject to the same plasticity as at juvenile ages. Thus, physiological NgR signaling from myelin-derived Nogo, MAG, and OMgp consolidates the neural circuitry established during experience-dependent plasticity. After pathological trauma, similar NgR signaling limits functional recovery and axonal regeneration.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2856689/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2856689/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGee, Aaron W -- Yang, Yupeng -- Fischer, Quentin S -- Daw, Nigel W -- Strittmatter, Stephen M -- R01 NS039962/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS039962-10/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042304/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042304-08/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS056485/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS056485-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS033020/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS033020-15/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2222-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/metabolism ; Darkness ; Dominance, Ocular/*physiology ; Electrophysiology ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; Gene Targeting ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Myelin Basic Protein/metabolism ; Myelin Proteins/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Myelin Sheath/*physiology ; Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/metabolism ; Neurites/physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Visual Cortex/cytology/growth & development/*physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2005-02-05
    Description: The gene encoding the Nod2 protein is frequently mutated in Crohn's disease (CD) patients, although the physiological function of Nod2 in the intestine remains elusive. Here we show that protective immunity mediated by Nod2 recognition of bacterial muramyl dipeptide is abolished in Nod2-deficient mice. These animals are susceptible to bacterial infection via the oral route but not through intravenous or peritoneal delivery. Nod2 is required for the expression of a subgroup of intestinal anti-microbial peptides, known as cryptdins. The Nod2 protein is thus a critical regulator of bacterial immunity within the intestine, providing a possible mechanism for Nod2 mutations in CD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kobayashi, Koichi S -- Chamaillard, Mathias -- Ogura, Yasunori -- Henegariu, Octavian -- Inohara, Naohiro -- Nunez, Gabriel -- Flavell, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):731-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15692051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/*immunology ; Animals ; *Antibody Formation ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; Ileum/*immunology/microbiology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Immunoglobulins/biosynthesis ; Interleukins/biosynthesis ; Intestinal Diseases/immunology/microbiology ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/microbiology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*physiology ; Ligands ; Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity ; Listeria monocytogenes/growth & development/immunology/isolation & purification ; Listeriosis/*immunology/microbiology ; Liver/microbiology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology ; Mice ; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein Precursors/biosynthesis/genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; Serum Albumin/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/microbiology ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis ; alpha-Defensins/*biosynthesis/genetics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1310-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*genetics ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Female ; Glucuronidase ; Insulin/blood/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Longevity/*genetics ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/blood/*genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds/physiology ; Flowers ; *Ginger/physiology ; Reproduction
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2005-09-17
    Description: The activation dynamics of the transcription factor NF-kappaB exhibit damped oscillatory behavior when cells are stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) but stable behavior when stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) causes activation of NF-kappaB that requires two downstream pathways, each of which when isolated exhibits damped oscillatory behavior. Computational modeling of the two TLR4-dependent signaling pathways suggests that one pathway requires a time delay to establish early anti-phase activation of NF-kappaB by the two pathways. The MyD88-independent pathway required Inferon regulatory factor 3-dependent expression of TNFalpha to activate NF-kappaB, and the time required for TNFalpha synthesis established the delay.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Covert, Markus W -- Leung, Thomas H -- Gaston, Jahlionais E -- Baltimore, David -- GM039458-21/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 16;309(5742):1854-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16166516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/deficiency/physiology ; Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation/physiology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Computer Simulation ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; I-kappa B Kinase ; I-kappa B Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 ; Kinetics ; Lipopolysaccharides/*immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/deficiency/metabolism/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Time Factors ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Transcription Factors/genetics/physiology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2005-08-27
    Description: Organisms in fluctuating environments must constantly adapt their behavior to survive. In clonal populations, this may be achieved through sensing followed by response or through the generation of diversity by stochastic phenotype switching. Here we show that stochastic switching can be favored over sensing when the environment changes infrequently. The optimal switching rates then mimic the statistics of environmental changes. We derive a relation between the long-term growth rate of the organism and the information available about its fluctuating environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kussell, Edo -- Leibler, Stanislas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 23;309(5743):2075-8. Epub 2005 Aug 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Living Matter and Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 34, New York, NY 10021-6399, USA. kussele@rockefeller.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Biological ; *Biological Evolution ; Cues ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Genetic Variation ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; *Phenotype ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Reproduction ; Stochastic Processes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2005-10-15
    Description: Early anthropoid evolution in Afro-Arabia is poorly documented, with only a few isolated teeth known from before approximately 35 million years ago. Here we describe craniodental remains of the primitive anthropoid Biretia from approximately 37-million-year-old rocks in Egypt. Biretia is unique among early anthropoids in exhibiting evidence for nocturnality, but derived dental features shared with younger parapithecids draw this genus, and possibly 〉45-million-year-old Algeripithecus, into a morphologically and behaviorally diverse parapithecoid clade of great antiquity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seiffert, Erik R -- Simons, Elwyn L -- Clyde, William C -- Rossie, James B -- Attia, Yousry -- Bown, Thomas M -- Chatrath, Prithijit -- Mathison, Mark E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):300-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, and Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PW, UK. erik.seiffert@earth.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Dentition ; Egypt ; Fossils ; Haplorhini/*anatomy & histology/classification ; History, Ancient ; Phylogeny ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Time ; Tooth
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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