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  • protoplasts  (4)
  • tissue culture  (3)
  • β-glucuronidase  (3)
  • Springer  (10)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Elsevier
  • 1955-1959  (10)
  • 1955  (10)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (10)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Elsevier
Years
  • 1955-1959  (10)
Year
  • 1955  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protoplast technology for the breeding of top-fruit trees (Prunus, Pyrus, Malus, Rubus) and woody ornamentals (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 287-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: protoplasts ; protoclonal variation ; somatic hybridization ; top-fruit trees ; woody ornamentals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Until recently, temperate fruit trees and woody ornamentals have been regarded as recalcitrant to biotechnological breeding approaches based on protoplasts. This however should no longer be the case, as procedures are now available, not only for the regeneration of complete plants from protoplasts of various tissues of such species, but also for the exploitation of protoplast technology for their genetic manipulation. This paper will examine the recent advances and state of the art in this domain, with particular attention to the use of protoplast technology as a novel tool in the breeding of rosaceous top-fruit tree species and woody ornamentals. Problems and their solutions within the context of regenerating plants from isolated protoplasts of stone (Prunus spp.), pome (Pyrus spp., Malus spp.) and small (Rubus spp.) fruits, and of several shrubby ornamental genotypes (Lonicera spp., Weigela spp., Forsythia spp., Cotoneaster spp.) will be addressed. Interspecific (Prunus spinosa + Prunus cerasifera) and intergeneric (Forsythia spp. + Syringa spp.) somatic hybridization within this group of species, as well as the use of protoplasts for host/pathogen interaction studies (Pyrus/Erwinia amylovora) will also be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023958
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of lily by Agrobacterium (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 97-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; transformation ; lily ; β-glucuronidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Lily cv. Harmony was inoculated with several Agrobacterium strains to study its susceptibility to Agrobacterium infection and transformation. Tumorous tissue formation on inoculated stem internodes of sterile-grown plantlets, as well as expression of a β-glucuronidase marker gene interrupted by an intron in cells of inoculated stem nodes, indicate that the monocotyledon Lilium is a host for Agrobacterium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023935
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microprotoplast fusion technique: a new tool for gene transfer between sexually-incongruent plant species (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 255-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: microprotoplast fusion ; partial genome transfer ; monosomic additions ; kanamycin resistance ; β-glucuronidase ; gene expression ; potato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Various aspects of a microprotoplast fusion technique and the strategies followed for intergeneric partial genome transfer (one or a few chromosomes) and alien genes from sexually-incongruent donor species to recipient species are described. The essential requirements of the microprotoplast fusion technique are the induction of micronuclei at high frequencies, as well as the isolation and enrichment of sub-diploid microprotoplasts in donor species, efficient fusion of the donor microprotoplasts with normal recipient protoplasts and stable regeneration of plants from fusion products. The results on the production of microprotoplast hybrid plants between the transformed donor lines of Solanum tuberosum and Nicotiana Plumbaginifolia carrying various genetic markers, and a recipient line of Lycopersicon peruvianum or Nicotiana tabacum, and on the transfer and expression of alien genes (kanamycin resistance, β-glucuronidase) are presented. The data obtained on microprotoplast hybrid plants between S. tuberosum and L. peruvianum showed that many of the hybrids contained one potato chromosome carrying nptII and GUS, and 24 or 48 L. peruvianum chromosomes (monosomic additions), and that they were male-and female-fertile. Various applications of chromosome transfer by this technique, especially for economically-important traits (e.g. disease or stress resistance) from sexually-incompatible wild species, for construction of chromosome-specific DNA libraries through microdissection and microcloning of chromosomes, or by flow-sorting of chromosomes for genome analysis, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023954
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somaclonal variation as a tool for crop improvement (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 295-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: tissue culture ; somaclonal variation ; plant breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Somaclonal variation is a tool that can be used by plant breeders. The review examines where this tool can be applied most effectively and the factors that limit or improve its chances of success. The main factors that influence the variation generated from tissue culture are (1) the degree of departure from organised growth, (2) the genotype, (3) growth regulators and (4) tissue source. Despite an increasing understanding of how these factors work it is still not possible to predict the outcome of a somaclonal breeding programme. New varieties have been produced by somaclonal variation, but in a large number of cases improved variants have not been selected because (1) the variation was all negative, (2) positive changes were also altered in negative ways, (3) the changes were not novel, or (4) the changes were not stable after selfing or crossing. Somaclonal variation is cheaper than other methods of genetic manipulation. At the present time, it is also more universally applicable and does not require ‘containment’ procedures. It has been most successful in crops with limited genetic systems and/or narrow genetic bases, where it can provide a rapid source of variability for crop improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023959
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene specificity is maintained in transient expression assays with protoplasts derived from different tissues of barley (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 203-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: barley ; electroporation ; PEG-mediated DNA uptake ; promoter analysis ; protoplasts ; transient expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In some cereal species that are still recalcitrant to stable transformation and regeneration, transient expression in isolated protoplasts is a useful tool for the study of gene expression and regulation. We have successfully applied these techniques to barley protoplasts derived from developing endosperm, aleurone, leaves and roots in order to characterize functionally cis-acting motives in two gene promoters, corresponding to trypsin inhibitor BTI-CMe and to sucrose synthase Ss1. Gene specificity is maintained in transient expression assays with protoplasts isolated from these different barley tissues and the pattern of expression parallels the mRNA levels observed for the corresponding genes in the same tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023949
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro screening and field evaluation of tissue-culture-regenerated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) for soil stress tolerance (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 373-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: aluminium toxicity ; soil acidity ; somaclonal variation ; sorghum ; Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ; tissue culture ; salt stress ; drought stress ; variants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is generally quite sensitive to salt and acid (high aluminium) soil stresses, but quite tolerant of drought stress. As with any stress phenomenon, intra-specific variability exists within the genus. In vitro cell selection and somaclonal variation offer an alternative to traditional breeding methodology for generating improved breeding lines for hybrid development. A field selection protocol was developed for the three soil stresses and inter-stress evaluations were conducted in an effort to find multiple, stress-tolerant genotypes. The acid soil-drought stress, super-tolerant selections were located by the R7 generation when exposed to a combined aluminium-drought stress field environment and when the regeneration population (number of regenerated lines from one callus source) was maintained at 15,000 plants or higher. A variant frequency of 0.1 to 0.2% for stress tolerance and acceptable agronomic traits among the surviving somaclones, provided an adequate number of phenotypes with desirable agronomic characteristics and a high level of soil stress tolerance. Subsequent research verified that the stress-tolerant regenerants had superior acid soil and drought stress tolerance to that of the donor parents, that their yield capabilities under stress were superior to their parents, and that their stress tolerance attributes were transferred in hybrid combinations. In vitro selection was not effective in increasing the number of field stress survivors. In fact, superior germplasms were developed from non-stressed callus or salt-stressed callus. In vitro selection reduced regeneration frequency and subsequent survival of plants under field stress. In vitro-stressed regenerants should be subjected only to non-stressed environments to maintain population numbers for field selection and thereafter should be subjected to stress environments during later (R5+) generations. The optimal strategy for the exploitation of somaclonal variation may be through short-term cell culture (〈 12 months) with no attempt at in vitro selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023970
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The phenotypic characterisation of R2 generation transgenic rice plants under field and glasshouse conditions (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 395-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa L. cv. Taipei 309 ; rice ; protoplasts ; direct DNA uptake ; kanamycin-resistant transgenic plants ; field trial ; glasshouse trial ; neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II) gene ; gene expression and inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The phenotypes of seed progeny (R2 generation) of Oryza sativa L. cv. Taipei 309, which carried the neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II) gene, were compared with those of non-transformed, protoplast-derived plants of the same generation and non-transformed, seed-derived plants under field and glasshouse conditions. Under both conditions the transgenic plants were generally smaller, took longer to flower and had reduced fertility. Significant differences were observed between individuals within the group of transgenic plants. The npt II gene was present in most of the transgenic plants, but NPT II activity was only detected in a minority of individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023972
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the mechanism of transgene integration into plant protoplasts: improvement of the transformation rate (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 53-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: bleomycin ; direct gene transfer ; expression ; irradiation ; petunia ; protoplasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The production of transgenic plants by means of direct gene transfer to protoplasts is now a widely-used technique. The biological mechanisms underlying the transformation are still poorly understood, but many investigations have attempted to shed light on some components of this process. Varying the experimental conditions has in some cases led to better transformation rates, but further improvements of the protocols are possible. Such improvements will require a better understanding of how the alien DNA enters the cells, becomes integrated into the chromosomes and is treated as a part of the plant genome. Irradiation with sublethal doses of X-rays or UV-light has been shown to increase the transformation frequency, while certain drugs have been shown to act in a similar manner. The effects of these and other factors are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023930
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different 5′ leader sequences modulate β-glucuronidase accumulation levels in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 209-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: β-glucuronidase ; plant ; silencing ; translational control ; 5′-untranslated region ; variation of gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three random synthetic leaders and three naturally-occurring leaders, the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein, the satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV) and the plant chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (Cab22L), were shown to modulate the β-glucuronidase reporter protein accumulation levels in transient expression experiments. The same chimeric constructs also confer differential distribution patterns of reporter protein accumulation in stably-transformed tobacco calli or regenerated transgenic plants. When the highest expression levels with a given leader are compared, the 31-nucleotide random leader stimulates translation 20- and 100-fold relative to the 9- and 4- nucleotide synthetic leaders respectively. However, this 31-nucleotide random leader is approx. 2 to 3-fold weaker than the 30-nucleotide STNV leader and even 5-fold weaker than both the 79-nucleotide TMV leader and the 66-nucleotide Cab22L leader. These results confirm the findings in transient expression experiments and stress the importance of the 5′-untranslated region for the production of heterologous proteins in transgenic plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023950
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An assessment of morphogenic and transformation efficiency in a range of varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; plant regeneration ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum ; tissue culture ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary To provide a truly genotype-independent transformation system, it is necessary to be able to transform a wide range of potato genotypes. The ability to regenerate shoots in vitro was determined for 34 potato varieties using tuber disc explants. Following a culture regime used extensively in previous studies with the variety Desiree, half of the varieties could be regenerated from tuber discs and half could not. From a sample of varieties that could be regenerated from tuber discs, all but one variety gave transgenic plants. Twelve varieties were evaluated for the capacity to regenerate shoots from leaf and internode explants excised from in vitro grown plants. All of the varieties tested regenerated adventitious shoots. Leaf and internode explants from 5 varieties were subsequently used for transformation, and transgenic plants were produced from two potato varieties that did not give transgenic plants from tuber disc explants. Some varieties could not be transformed by either method, and will require modification of the in vitro regeneration and transformation system to be successful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023936
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