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  • Aerodynamics  (21)
  • Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance  (14)
  • Aircraft Propulsion and Power  (5)
  • Temperatur  (5)
  • 42.75
  • Fisheries
  • 1950-1954  (45)
  • 1953  (45)
Collection
Keywords
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  • 1950-1954  (45)
Year
  • 1
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    Über den Einfluß von Temperatur und Futterpflanze auf die Entwicklung von Hyphantria cunea (1953)
    In:  Nachrichtenblatt des deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes 5, Nr.10; p.145-150
    Details
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Der Autor untersuchte die für das Auftreten des weißen Bärenspinners günstigen Temperaturen im ehemaligen Jugoslawien (Palic, Vojvodina) und Österreich (Burgenland) und identifizierte die Temperaturen von Mai bis August als wichtige Einflußfaktoren auf die Entwicklungszeit des Falters. Hierdurch konnten Temperaturen identifiziert werden bei denen eine, zwei oder sogar drei Generationen im Jahresverlauf vorkommen können. Sobald die Temperaturen 14-15°C überschreiten, kann die Entwicklung der ersten Generation beginnen. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wurden dazu eingesetzt, um das Ausbreitungspotential des Schmetterlings aufgrund klimatischer Parameter nach Mitteleuropa abzuschätzen. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Jugoslawien, Österreich, Deutschland ; 1946-1952 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur
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  • 2
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    Beiträge zur Epidemiologie und Prognose des Rapserdflohs (Psylloides crysocephala L.) (1953)
    In:  Beiträge zur Entomologie, Band 3, p. 518-529
    Details
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Untersuchungen zum Ausbleiben des erwarteten starken Befalls im Herbst 1952 und Vergleich mit bereits veröffentlichten Erkenntnissen zum Massenwechsel des Rapserdflohs; KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Abhängigkeit des Massenwechsels des Rapserdflohs von der Witterung (Temperatur) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T -: Delta T (August, September) -, dann Zuwanderung der Rapserdflöhe -;
    Keywords: Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1951-1953 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Raps
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  • 3
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    Klimaschäden. Betriebswirtschaftliche Betrachtungen aus dem mitteldeutschen Raum (1953)
    In:  Gesunde Pflanzen 5: 261-263
    Details
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Beschreibung der Auswirkungen von Spätfrösten auf den Ertrag von verschiedenen frostempfindlichen Kulturpflanzen (Winter-Gerste, Erbsen, Kartoffeln) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (April) + und Delta T (Mai) - (Spätfröste), dann Ertrag (Erbsen) --; Delta T (April) + und Delta T (Mai) - (Spätfröste), dann Erntezeitpunkt (Kartoffeln) + (später);
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1952 ; Kartoffeln ; Anbautermine ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Wachstum ; Wassermangel ; Witterung ; Frost ; Gerste ; Erbsen
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  • 4
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    Studien über die Bedeutung von Witterung und Mikroklima für den Massenwechsel der Schwarzen Bohnenlaus (Doralis fabae Scop.) (1953)
    In:  Angew. Meteorol., p. 257-275
    Details
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Beobachtungen zu den wichtigsten Massenwechselphasen, welche phänologisch mit Hilfe der Temperatursummenregel ausgewertet wurden sowie Beobachtungen zum Einfluss des Mikroklimas auf die Flugphase KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen den wichtigsten Massenwechselperioden und der Temperatur, angegeben mit der mittleren Temperatursumme ab dem Eintritt des Vorfrühlings (Schneeglöckchenblüte); Einfluss von flugbegrenzenden Faktoren (Licht, Wind, Niederschlag) und flugbeeinflussenden Faktoren (Temperatur, Luftfeuchtigkeit) KATASTER-DETAIL: Temperatursumme = 160°C, dann Schlüpfen der ersten Fundatrixlarven; Temperatursumme = 360°C, dann Eintreten erster reifer Fundatrizen; Temperatursumme = 600°C, dann Reife der ersten fundatrigenen Fliegen und Anfang des fundatrigenen Zufluges; Temperatursumme = 1000-1050°C, dann Ende des fundatrigenen Zufluges und Anfang des virginogenen Zufluges; temperatursumme = 2280-2420°C, dann Ende des virginogenen Zufluges; Delta Lichtintensität + und Windgeschwindigkeit 〈 0,6m/s und T(Blattoberfläche ) 〉= 17°C, bzw. T (Luft) 〉= 15-16°C und Delta Nied -, dann Abflug +; Delta T +, dann Ablfug +, T 〉 20-26°C, dann Abflug -; Relf = 60%, dann optimaler Bereich für Abflug;
    Keywords: Quedlinburg, Thüringen ; 1949-1952 ; Luftfeuchte ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Phänologie ; Temperatur ; Wind ; Witterung
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  • 5
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    Die Abhängigkeit der Aktivität des Kohlgallenrüsslers (Ceutorrhynchus pleurostigma March.) von klimatischen Faktoren (1953)
    In:  Nachrichtenblatt für den deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst, p. 143-148
    Details
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Bericht über die Untersuchungen zur Frage der Abhängigkeit der Imagines von klimatischen Faktoren KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Wind, Sonnenscheindauer, Luftfeuchte) auf die Flugaktivität KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T +: T= 18°C, dann Höchstwert an geschlüpften und geschlechtsreifen Käfern; T 〉 18°C oder T 〈 18°C, dann Zahl an geschlüpften und geschlechtsreifen Käfern -; Delta Sonn +, dann Flugaktivität +; T = 23°C und Relf = 70%, dann Optimum der Flugaktivität; T = 13°C, dann Flugaktivität verhindert Delta Wind +: Wind 〉 1m/s, dann Flugaktivität vermindert, Wind 〉 2m/s, dann Flugaktivität stark gehemmt
    Keywords: Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1951-1952 ; Insekten ; Luftfeuchte ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Wind ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
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  • 6
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    Performance Characteristics of Plane-Wall Two-Dimensional Diffusers (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Experiments have been made at Stanford University to determine the performance characteristics of plane-wall, two-dimensional diffusers which were so proportioned as to insure reasonable approximation of two-dimensional flow. All of the diffusers had identical entrance cross sections and discharged directly into a large plenum chamber; the test program included wide variations of divergence angle and length. During all tests a dynamic pressure of 60 pounds per square foOt was maintained at the diffuser entrance and the boundary layer there was thin and fully turbulent. The most interesting flow characteristics observed were the occasional appearance of steady, unseparated, asymmetric flow - which was correlated with the boundary-layer coalescence - and the rapid deterioration of flow steadiness - which occurred as soon as the divergence angle for maximum static pressure recovery was exceeded. Pressure efficiency was found to be controlled almost exclusively by divergence angle, whereas static pressure recovery was markedly influenced by area ratio (or length) as well as divergence angle. Volumetric efficiency. diminished as area ratio increased, and at a greater rate with small lengths than with large ones. Large values of the static-pressure-recovery coefficient were attained only with long diffusers of large area ratio; under these conditions pressure efficiency was high and. volumetric efficiency low. Auxiliary tests with asymmetric diffusers demonstrated that longitudinal pressure gradient, rather than wall divergence angle, controlled flow separation. Others showed that the addition of even a short exit duct of uniform section augmented pressure recovery. Finally, it was found that the installation of a thin, central, longitudinal partition suppressed flow separation in short diffusers and thereby improved pressure recovery
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-TN-2888
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  • 7
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    Fuselage Pressures Measured on the Bell X-1 Research Airplane in Transonic Flight (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Pressure-distribution measurements have been made on the fus elage of the Bell X- 1 research airplane. Data are presented for angles of attack from 2 deg. to 8 deg. during pull-ups at Mach numbers of about 0.78, 0.85, 0.88, and 1.02. The results of the investigation indicated that a large portion of the load carried by the fuselage was in the vicinity of the wing and may be attributed to wing-to-fuselage carryover. The presence of the wing from the 41 to 60 percent fuselage stations influenced the fuselage pressures from about 30 to 65 percent fuselage length at Mach numbers of approximat ely 0.78, 0.85, and 0.88, and from about 35 to 80 percent fuselage length at a Mach number of approximately 1.02. The fuselage contributed about 20 percent of the total airplane normal-force coefficient. The center of pressure of the fuselage load throughout the tests was located from 41 to 51 percent fuselage length, which corresponds to the forward half of the wing root-chord location.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-L53I15
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  • 8
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    Effect of a Rapid Blade-Pitch Increase on the Thrust and Induced-Velocity Response of a Full-Scale Helicopter Rotor (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A method has been proposed for predicting the effect of a rapid blade-pitch increase on the thrust and induced-velocity response of a helicopter rotor. General equations have been derived for the ensuing motion of the helicopter. These equations yield time histories of thrust, induced velocity, and helicopter vertical velocity for given rates of blade-pitch-angle changes and given rotor-angular-velocity time histories. The results of the method have been compared with experimental results obtained with a rotor mounted on the Langley helicopter test tower. The calculated and experimental results are in good agreement, although, in general, the calculated thrust-coefficient overshoots are about 10 percent greater than those obtained experimentally.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-TN-3044
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  • 9
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    Theoretical Performance Characteristics of Sharp Lip Inlets at Subsonic Speeds (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A method is presented for the estimation of the subsonic-flight-speed characteristics of sharp-lip inlets applicable to supersonic aircraft. The analysis, based on a simple momentum balance consideration, permits the computation of inlet pressure recovery - mass-flow relations and additive-drag coefficients for forward velocities from zero to the speed of sound. The penalties for operation of a sharp-lip inlet at velocity ratios other than 1.0 may be severe; at lower velocity ratios an additive drag is incurred that is not cancelled by lip suction, while at higher velocity ratios, unavoidable losses in inlet total pressure will result. In particular, at the take-off condition, the total pressure and the mass flow for a choked inlet are only 79 percent of the values ideally attainable with a rounded lip. Experimental data obtained at zero speed with a sharp-lip supersonic inlet model were in substantial agreement with the theoretical results.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-TN-3004
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  • 10
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    On the Development of Turbulent Wakes from Vortex Streets (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Wake development behind circular cylinders at Reynolds numbers from 40 to 10,000 was investigated in a low-speed wind tunnel. Standard hotwire techniques were used to study the velocity fluctuations. The Reynolds number range of periodic vortex shedding is divided into two distinct subranges. At R = 40 to 150, called the stable range, regular vortex streets are formed and no turbulent motion is developed. The range R = 150 to 300 is a transition range to a regime called the irregular range, in which turbulent velocity fluctuations accompany the periodic formation of vortices. The turbulence is initiated by laminar-turbulent transition in the free layers which spring from the separation points on the cylinder. This transition first occurs in the range R = 150 to 300. Spectrum and statistical measurements were made to study the velocity fluctuations. In the stable range the vortices decay by viscous diffusion. In the irregular range the diffusion is turbulent and the wake becomes fully turbulent in 40 to 50 diameters downstream. It was found that in the stable range the vortex street has a periodic spanwise structure. The dependence of shedding frequency on velocity was successfully used to measure flow velocity. Measurements in the wake of a ring showed that an annular vortex street is developed.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-TN-2913
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  • 11
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    The Base Pressure at Supersonic Speeds on Two-Dimensional Airfoils and Bodies of Revolution (With and Without Fins) Having Turbulent Boundary Layers (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-17
    Description: An analysis has been made of available experimental data to show the effects of most variables that are predominant in determining base pressure at supersonic speeds. Two dimensional bases and bases of bodies of revolution, restricted to turbulent boundary layers, are covered.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L53C02
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  • 12
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    Elastic Buckling under Combined Stresses of Flat Plates with Integral Waffle-Like Stiffening (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Theory and experiment were compared and found in good agreement for the elastic Buckling under combined stresses of long flat plates with integral waffle-like stiffening in a variety of configurations. For such flat plates, 45deg waffle stiffening was found to be the most effective of the configurations for the proportions considered over the widest range of combinations of compression and shear.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L53J27
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  • 13
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    Rocket-Model Measurements of Zero-Lift Damping in Roll of the Bell MX-776 Missile at Mach Numbers from 0.6 to 1.56 (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The zero-lift damping in roll of the Bell MX-776 missile has been measured by a sting-mounted rocket-model technique at Mach numbers from 0.6 to 1.56. The damping-in-roll data, in general, show no unusual variation with Mach number. Aileron rolling-moment effectiveness derived from these data and previously obtained rolling-effectiveness data appear reasonable,
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL54A13
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  • 14
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    Investigation of the Effects of Propeller Operation on the Low-Speed Stability and Control Characteristics of a 1/6-Scale Model of a Revised Configuration of the Republic XF-84H Airplane (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An investigation was made to determine the static longitudinal and lateral stability and control characteristics of a l/6-scale model of the revised Republic XF-84H airplane with and without the propeller operating. The model had a 40deg swept wing of aspect ratio 3.45 and was equipped with a thin, three-blade supersonic-type propeller. Modifications incorporated in the revised model included a raised horizontal tail, increased rudder size, wing fences at 65 percent semispan, and a modified wing leading edge outboard of the fences. The test results for flap-retracted and flap-deflected conditions indicated that the revised configuration should be satisfactory for most normal flight conditions provided the angle of attack does not exceed the angle for pitch-up. An abrupt pitch-up tendency of the model was evident for the zero thrust condition above approximately 15' angle of attack. Although the effects of power were destabilizing, power-on longitudinal stability was satisfactory through the angle-of-attack range for which the model was stable with zero thrust. Above the angle of attack for pitch-up, an uncontrollable left roll-off tendency would be expected with power on and slats retracted. Projection of wing slats or use of leading-edge chord-extensions with only the left extension drooped were found beneficial in controlling the roll-off tendency with power on; however the most effective means found was projection of only the left slat.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-SL53I24
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  • 15
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    Lateral Oscillatory Characteristics of the Republic F-91 Airplane Calculated by Using Low-Speed Experimental Static and Rotary Derivatives (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The present investigation was conducted to determine, from low-speed tests in the Langley stability tunnel, the static and rotary derivatives of a 1/9-scale model of the Republic F-91 airplane and various of its components (including the effects of wing incidence) and to determine the accuracy with which the period and damping of the lateral oscillation of the airplane could be calculated by using these experimentally between flight and calculated period and damping of the lateral oscillation were made for Mach numbers from 0.4 to 0.9 at an altitude of 20,OOO feet for 0deg wing incidence and several other wing incidences. Some comparisons were made of the static and rotary derivatives of the model and derivatives estimated by available procedures. determined derivatives (corrected for Mach number effects). Comparisons The results of the investigation have indicated that the model did not have unusual aerodynamic characteristics except for a large (about -0.125) increment in the damping in yaw contributed by the fuselage. Changes in wing incidence, in general, had little effect on the static and rotary derivatives of the model. The static and rotary derivatives of the model could be estimated with good accuracy only in the low angle-of-attack range by using available procedures.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L53G01
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  • 16
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    A Brief Hydrodynamic Investigation of a 1/24-Scale Model of the DR-77 Seaplane (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A limited investigation of a 1/24-scale dynamically similar model of the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics DR-77 design was conducted in Langley tank no. 2 to determine the calm-water take-off and the rough-water landing characteristics of the design with particular regard to the take-off resistance and the landing accelerations. During the take-off tests, resistance, trim, and rise were measured and photographs were taken to study spray. During the landing tests, motion-picture records and normal-acceleration records were obtained. A ratio of gross load to maximum resistance of 3.2 was obtained with a 30 deg. dead-rise hydro-ski installation. The maximum normal accelerations obtained with a 30 deg. dead-rise hydro-ski installation were of the order of 8g to log in waves 8 feet high (full scale). A yawing instability that occurred just prior to hydro-ski emergence was improved by adding an afterbody extension, but adding the extension reduced the ratio of gross load to maximum resistance to 2.9.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-SL53F04
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  • 17
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    An Exploratory Investigation of Some Types of Aeroelastic Instability of Open and Closed Bodies of Revolution Mounted on Slender Struts (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Aeroelastic instability phenomena of isolated open and closed rigid bodies of revolution free to move under elastic restraint have been investigated experimentally at low speeds by means of models suspended at zero angles of attack and yaw on slender flexible struts from a wind tunnel ceiling. Three types of instability were observed - flutter similar to classical bending-torsion flutter, divergence, and an uncoupled oscillatory instability which consists in nonviolent continuous or intermittent small-amplitude oscillations involving only angular deformations. The speeds at which this oscillatory instability starts were found to be as low as about one-third of the speed at flutter or divergence and to depend on the shape of the body, particularly that of the afterbody, and on the relative location of the elastic axis. An attempt has been made to calculate the airspeeds and, in the case of the oscillatory phenomena, the frequencies at which these instabilities occur by using slender-body theory for the aerodynamic forces on the bodies and neglecting the aerodynamic forces on the struts. However, the agreement between the speeds and frequencies calculated in this manner and those actually observed has been found to be generally unsatisfactory; with the exception of the frequencies of the uncoupled oscillations which could be predicted with fair accuracy. The nature of the observed phenomena and of the forces on bodies of revolution suggests that a significant improvement in the accuracy of analytical predictions of these aeroelastic instabilities can be had only by taking into account the effects of boundary-layer separation on the aerodynamic forces.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L53E07
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  • 18
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    Flight Test Results of Rocket-Propelled Buffet-Research Models Having 45 Degree Sweptback Wings and 45 Degree Sweptback Tails Located in the Wing Chord Plane (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Three rocket-propelled buffet-research models have been flight tested to determine the buffeting characteristics of a swept-wing- airplane configuration with the horizontal tail operating near the wing wake. The models consisted of parabolic bodies having 45deg sweptback wings of aspect ratio 3.56, at aspect ratio of 0.3, NACA 64A007 airfoil sections, and tail surfaces of geometry and section identical to the wings. Two tests were conducted with the horizontal tail located in the wing chord plane with fixed incidence angles of -1.5deg on one model and 0deg on the other model. The third test was conducted with no horizontal tail. Results of these tests are presented as incremental accelerations in the body due to buffeting, trim angles of attack, trim normal- and side-force coefficients, wing-tip helix angles, static-directional-stability derivatives , and drag coefficients plotted against Mach number. These data indicate that mild low-lift buffeting was experienced by all models over a range of Mach number from approximately 0.7 to 1.4. It is further indicated that this buffeting was probably induced by wing-body interference and was amplified at transonic speeds by the horizontal tail operating in the wing wake. A longitudinal trim change was encountered by the tail-on models at transonic speeds, but no large changes in side force and no wing dropping were indicated.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L53I10
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  • 19
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    Rocket-Model Investigation of the Longitudinal Stability, Drag, and Duct Performance Characteristics of the North American MX-770 (X-10) Missile at Mach Numbers from 0.80 to 1.70 (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: A free-flight 0.12-scale rocket-boosted model of the North American MX-770 (X-10) missile has been tested in flight by the Pilotless Aircraft Research Division of the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory. Drag, longitudinal stability, and duct performance data were obtained at Mach numbers from 0.8 to 1.7 covering a Reynolds number range of about 9 x 10(exp 6) to 24 x 10(exp 6) based on wing mean aerodynamic chord. The lift-curve slope, static stability, and damping-in-pitch derivatives showed similar variations with Mach number, the parameters increasing from subsonic values in the transonic region and decreasing in the supersonic region. The variations were for the most part fairly smooth. The aerodynamic center of the configuration shifted rearward in the transonic region and moved forward gradually in the supersonic region. The pitching effectiveness of the canard control surfaces was maintained throughout the flight speed range, the supersonic values being somewhat greater than the subsonic. Trim values of angle of attack and lift coefficient changed abruptly in the transonic region, the change being associated with variations in the out-of-trim pitching moment, control effectiveness, and aerodynamic-center travel in this speed range. Duct total-pressure recovery decreased with increase in free-stream Mach number and the values were somewhat less than normal-shock recovery. Minimum drag data indicated a supersonic drag coefficient about twice the subsonic drag coefficient and a drag-rise Mach number of approximately 0.90. Base drag was small subsonically but was about 25 percent of the minimum drag of the configuration supersonically.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-SL53D10A
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  • 20
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    Investigation of the Attenuation of Plane Shock Waves Moving over very Rough Surfaces (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Experimental measurements of the attenuation of plane shock waves moving over rough walls have been made in a shock tube. Measurements of the boundary-layer characteristics, including thickness and velocity distribution behind the shock, have also been made with the aid of new cal techniques which provide direct information on the local boundary-layer conditions at the rough walls. Measurements of shock speed and shock pressure ratio are presented for both smooth-wall and rough-wall flow over lengths of machined-smooth and rough strips which lined all four walls of the shock tube. A simplified theory based on Von Karman's expression for skin-friction coefficient for flow over rough walls, along with a wave-model concept and extensions to include time effects, is presented. In this theory, the shock-tube flow is assumed to be one-dimensional at all times and the wave-model concept is used to relate the local layer growth to decreases in shock strength. This concept assumes that local boundary-layer growths act as local mass-flow sinks, which give rise to expansion waves which, in turn, overtake the shock and lower its mass flow accordingly.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL53D13A
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  • 21
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    Investigation of a Related Series of Turbine-Blade Profiles in Cascade (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An application of airfoil design methods was used to design series of related turbine-blade profiles to satisfy the conditions of inlet flow angle and turning angle encountered in the usual range of turbine operation. A series of blade profiles applicable to most turbine blading requirements and a secondary series with particular reference to impulse conditions were designed. Five blade sections from these series ranging in mean-line turning angles from 63 deg. to 120 deg. were tested in low-speed cascade tunnels. From low-speed test results optimum blade angles of attack were selected at each test condition. The induced angle and the deviation angle of the flow were determined from the low-speed data. If these angles are known for the solidity and inlet angle of an application, the necessary camber is specified. A method of predicting high-speed pressure distributions from low-speed cascade test results is presented to extend the usefulness of the low-speed data. Sample high-speed tests of two of the five blade sections were made at Mach numbers up to the critical value. The results indicated satisfactory flow conditions in all of the blade passages tested.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-L53G15
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  • 22
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    Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the Static Lateral Stability Characteristics of Wing-Fuselage Combinations at High Subsonic Speeds (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A systematic research program is being carried out in the Langley high-speed 7- by 10-foot tunnel to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of various arrangements of the component parts of research-type airplane models, including some complete model configurations. Data are being obtained on characteristics in pitch, sideslip, and during steady roll at Mach numbers from 0.40 to about 0.95. This paper presents results which show the effect of taper ratio on the aerodynamic characteristics in sideslip of wing-fuselage combinations having wings with a sweep of 45 degrees at the quarter-chord line, an aspect ratio of 4, and a NACA 65A006 airfoil section.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-L53B25a
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  • 23
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    Preliminary Evaluation of Turbine Performance with Variable-Area Turbine Nozzles in a Turbojet Engine (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-20
    Description: The performance of a two-stage turbine with variable-area first-stage turbine nozzles was determined in the NACA Lewis altitude wind tunnel over a range of simulated altitudes from 15,000 to 44,000 feet and engine speeds from 50 to 100 percent of rated speed. The variable-area turbine nozzles used in this investigation were primarily a test device for compressor research purposes and were not necessarily of optimum aerodynamic design. The results of this investigation are indicative of effects of turbine-nozzle-area variation on turbine performance within the operating range allowed by the engine. The variable-area turbine nozzles were found to be mechanically reliable and to have negligible leakage losses. Increasing the turbine-nozzle-throat area from 1.15 to 1.67 square feet increased the corrected turbine gas flow or effective turbine nozzle area about 10 percent. At a given corrected turbine speed and turbine pressure ratio, changing the turbine nozzle area from 1.30 to 1. 67 square feet lowered the turbine efficiency 3 or 4 percent. The effect of increasing the turbine nozzle area from 1.15 to 1.67 square feet (decreasing the turning angle about 7 1/2 degrees) would be to lower the turbine efficiency about 5 or 6 percent.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NACA-RM-E52J20
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  • 24
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    Factors Affecting Laminar Boundary Layer Measurements in a Supersonic Stream (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: The observed discrepancy at supersonic speeds between theoretical and apparent experimental average flat plate friction-drag coefficients calculated from boundary layer total-pressure surveys was investigated. Effects of the total-pressure probe, heat transfer through the leading edge region, change in leading-edge radius and strength of the leading-edge wave, possible early transition to turbulent flow or bursts of turbulence, and the slight stream-wise pressure gradient inherent in flat plate flow were investigated for plates with very sharp leading edges. Only one of these factors, the effect of the total-pressure probe, was found to be significant. Total-pressure probes of different tip heights, when placed in laminar boundary layers developing under identical conditions, were found to yield different values of friction drag coefficient. Extrapolation of these measurements indicates that a probe of vanishing size would yield the theoretical predicted values of average flat plate friction-drag coefficients. A correlation describing the relation between the friction-drag discrepancy and the probe tip height is presented.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-TN-2891
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  • 25
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    A Transonic Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the Trim and Dynamic Response Characteristics of the Horizontal Tail of a 1/7-Scale Model of the Complete Tail of the Grumman XF10F-1 Airplane (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An investigation was made of the trim and dynamic response characteristics of the free-floating horizontal tail of a 1/7-scale model of the complete tail of the Grumman XF10F-1 airplane in the Langley 8-foot transonic tunnel at Mach numbers up to 1.13. The complete tail was mounted in the tunnel on a 3deg conical support body. Various configurations were investigated. A loss in damping of the horizontal tail at transonic speeds was shown by both tunnel and flight tests. The loss in damping extended over a greater Mach number range and the maximum loss occurred at a higher Mach number in the tunnel tests. Large-amplitude oscillations of the horizontal tail of the basic configuration which occurred at low supersonic Mach numbers appeared to be primarily due to the vertical tail of the basic configuration and the interference effects associated with this tail. Secondary factors contributing to the development of the large-amplitude oscillations of the horizontal tail of the basic configuration were probably the loss in damping of the horizontal tail at transonic speeds and the turbulence of the airstream itself.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL53D28
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  • 26
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    Theory of Wing-Body Drag at Supersonic Speeds (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: At subsonic speeds the pressure drag arising from the thickness of the body or wings is negligible so long as the shapes are sufficiently well streamlined to avoid flow separation. In that range there exists no possibility of either favorable or adverse interference on the pressure distributions themselves. If one body is so placed as to receive a drag from the pressure field of another then the second body is sure to receive a corresponding increment of thrust from the first. At supersonic speeds this tolerance, which was permitted the designer, disappears and the drag becomes sensitive to the shape and arrangement of the bodies.To be sure, the primary factor here is the thickness ratio, but nevertheless there exist arrangements in which a large cancellation of drag occurs.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-A53H18a
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  • 27
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    Calibration of the Friez Aerovane, Wind Measuring Set An/GMQ-11 (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Calibrations of the Friez Aerovane, Wind Measuring Set AN/GMQ-11, manufactured by the Friez Instrument Division of the Bendix Aviation Corporation, were made in the Langley 300 MPH 7- by 10-foot tunnel at the request of the Signal Corps, U, S. Army. Two propellers snd two generators were tested through a speed range of 15 to 190 knots, The results indicated that at airspeeds greater than 80 knots the instrument indicated airspeeds higher than the tunnel airspeed..
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL53L23B
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  • 28
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    Effects of the Spanwise, Chordwise, and Vertical Location of an External Store on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of a 45 Degree Sweptback Tapered Wing of Aspect Ratio 4 at Mach Numbers of 1.41, 1.62, and 1.96 (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An investigation has been made in the Langley 9- by 12-inch supersonic blowdown tunnel to determine the effects of external-store location on the lift, drag, and pitching-moment characteristics of a 45 degree sweptback wing at Mach numbers of 1.41, 1.62, and 1.96. The spanwise, chordwise, and vertical location of a Douglas-Aircraft Company, Inc., store of fineness ratio 8.58 was systematically varied over the outer 60 percent of the wing semispan. A brief investigation of strut sweep angle was also made. The test Reynolds number based on the wing mean aerodynamic chord ranged from 1.3 x 10(exp 6) to 1.5 x 10(exp 6).
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-L52J27
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  • 29
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    Time-History Data of Maneuvers Performed by a Republic F84G Airplane During Squadron Operational Training (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Preliminary results of one phase of a control-motion study program involving several jet fighter-type airplanes are presented in time-history form and are summarized as maximum measured quantities plotted against indicated airspeed. The results pertain to approximately 1,000 maneuvers performed by a Republic F-84G jet-fighter airplane during squadron operational training. The data include most tactical maneuvers of which the F-84G airplane is capable. Maneuvers were performed at pressure altitudes of 0 to 30,000 feet with indicated airspeeds ranging from the stalling speed to approximately 515 knots.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-L53C27
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  • 30
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    Recent Results Pertaining to the Application of the "Area Rule" (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: This paper is concerned primarily with the application of the "area rule" to the interpretation and improvement of the drag-rise characteristics of wing-body combinations at transonic and moderate supersonic speeds. Consideration of the general physical nature of the flow at transonic speeds, together with comparisons of the flow fields and drag-rise characteristics for wing-body combinations and bodies of revolution has led to the conclusion that near the speed of sound the drag rise for a thin low-aspect-ratio wing-body combination is primarily dependent on the axial distribution of cross-sectional area normal to the airstream (ref. 1). (The drag rise, sometimes referred to as pressure drag, is the difference between the drag level near the speed of sound and the drag level at subsonic speeds where the drag is due primarily to skin friction.) In order to illustrate the concept, figure 1 shows a wing-body combination and a body of revolution. A typical cross section normal to the airstream for the wing-body combination is shown at AA. The cross-sectional area of the wing is wrapped around the body of revolution so that the body has the same cross-sectional area at BB. All the other cross-sectional areas of the body of revolution are the same as those for the wing-body combination at the same axial stations. On the basis of the conclusion just stated, the drag rise for this body of revolution should be similar to that for the wing-body combination.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L53I15a
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  • 31
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    Investigation of a Half-Conical Scoop Inlet Mounted at Five Alternate Circumferential Locations around a Circular Fuselage Pressure-Recovery Results at a Mach Number 2.01 (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The effects of inlet circumferential position around the fuselage on the characteristics of a half-conical scoop inlet having a 24.6deg half-angle cone have been investigated in the langley 4- by 4-foot supersonic pressure tunnel. Pressure-recovery results have been obtained at a Mach number of 2.01 for a fixed boundary-layer-bleed height which was 60 percent of the boundary-layer thickness at an angle of attack of 0deg, and for cowling position parameters of 42.4deg and 38.0deg. inlet had a capture area equal to 24.9 percent of the basic-fuselage frontal area. The angle of attack was varied from 0deg to 12deg. The most favorable pressure-recovery characteristics at angles of attack were obtained with the Inlet located on the bottom of the fuselage where the maximum recovery increased from a value of 81 percent at an angle of attack of 0deg to 87 percent at 12deg. In general, the pressure recovery decreased with increasing angle of attack for all other inlet locations. At a given angle of attack the pressure recovery decreased as the inlet location was progressively moved from the bottom to the top of the fuselage. Stable subcritical operation of the inlet with nearly constant pressure recovery was obtained for inlet mass-flow ratios from 1.0 to about 0.76 at an angle of attack of 0deg with the central body in the design position.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L53D30B
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  • 32
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    Drag Measurements on Equivalent Bodies of Revolution of Six Configurations of the Convair MX-1964 (Originally MX-1626) Proposed Supersonic Bomber (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Tests on equivalent bodies of revolution of six configurations of the Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation proposed supersonic bomber (Convair MX-1964) have indicated that it is possible to reduce the drag of the configuration by designing it to have a favorable area distribution. The method of NACA RM L53I22c to predict the peak pressure drag of a configuration on the basis of its area distribution gave generally good agreement with the subject models.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL53K04 , L-82024
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  • 33
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    Flight Tests of a 0.13-Scale Model of the Convair XFY-1 Vertically Rising Airplane in a Setup Simulating that Proposed for Captive-Flight Tests in a Hangar, TED No. NACA DE 368 (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An experimental investigation has been conducted to determine the dynamic stability and control characteristics of a 0.13-scale free-flight model of the Convair XFY-1 airplane in test setups representing the setup proposed for use in the first flight tests of the full-scale airplane in the Moffett Field airship hangar. The investigation was conducted in two parts: first, tests with the model flying freely in an enclosure simulating the hangar, and second, tests with the model partially restrained by an overhead line attached to the propeller spinner and ground lines attached to the wing and tail tips. The results of the tests indicated that the airplane can be flown without difficulty in the Moffett Field airship hangar if it does not approach too close to the hangar walls. If it does approach too close to the walls, the recirculation of the propeller slipstream might cause sudden trim changes which would make smooth flight difficult for the pilot to accomplish. It appeared that the tethering system proposed by Convair could provide generally satisfactory restraint of large-amplitude motions caused by control failure or pilot error without interfering with normal flying or causing any serious instability or violent jerking motions as the tethering lines restrained the model.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-SL54B16A
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  • 34
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    Wind-Tunnel Investigation at Low Speed of the Static Longitudinal and Lateral Stability Characteristics of a 1/9-Scale Powered Model of the Convair XFY-1 Vertically Rising Airplane (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An experimental investigation has been made in the Langley stability tunnel at low speed to determine the static longitudinal and lateral stability characteristics of a l/9-scale powered model of the Convair XFY-1 vertically rising airplane. Effects of thrust coefficient were investigated for the complete model and for certain components of the model. Effects of control deflections and of propeller-blade angle were investigated briefly for the complete model. Most of the tests were made through an angle-of-attack range from about -4 deg. to 29 deg, and the thrust-coefficient range was from 0 t o 0.7. In order to expedite distribution of these data to interested persons, no analysis of the data has been prepared for this report,
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-SL53B20
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  • 35
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    A Brief Investigation of the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a 1/13.33-Scale Powered Dynamic Model of a Preliminary Design of the Martin XP6M-1 Flying Boat, TED No. NACA DE-385 (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The hydrodynamic characteristics of a preliminary design of the Martin XP6M-1 flying boat have been determined. Longitudinal stability during take-off and landing, resistance of the complete model, and behavior during taxiing and landing in rough water are presented.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-SL53K06
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  • 36
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    High-Speed Wind-Tunnel Tests of a 1/16-Scale Model of the D-558 Research Airplane Lift and Drag Characteristics of the D-558-1 and Various Wing and Tail Configurations (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Tests were made in the Langley 8-foot high-speed tunnel to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of the D-558-1 airplane and various wing and tail configurations on the D-558-1 fuselage. The various wing and tail configurations were tested to determine the aerodynamic effects of aspect ratio and sweep for suitable use on the second phase of the D-558 project (D-558-2). The tests were conducted through a speed range from a Mach number of 0.40 to approximately 0.94.This part of the investigation includes the lift and drag results available for the configurations tested at this rate. The D-558-1 results indicated that the lift force break would occur at a Mach number of 0.85 with some reduction in lift at speeds above this Mach number. Tests indicated that the airplane will have satisfactory lift and drag characteristics up to and including its design Mach number of 0.85. The 35deg sweptback, 35deg swept-forward, and low-aspect-ratio (2.0) wing configurations all showed pronounced improvements in maintaining lift throughout the Mach number range tested and in increasing the critical speeds above the D-558-1 value &itical to critical Mach numbers on the order of 0.9. Insofar as lift and drag characteristics are concerned level flight at speeds approaching the velocity of sound appears practical if swept or low-aspect-ratio configurations similar to those tested are used.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L6J09
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  • 37
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    Flow Coefficients for Orifices in Base of Transpiration-Cooled Turbine Rotor Blade (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Static tests on a segment of a transpiration-cooled turbine rotor blade with a wire-cloth shell were conducted to determine the flow coefficients associated with some representative metering orifices. Average flow coefficients from 0.96 to 0.79 were obtained for orifices of 0.031 to 0.102 inch diameter.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-E53L30a
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  • 38
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    Performance of a 13-Stage Development Compressor for the J40-WE-24 Engine at Equivalent Speeds from 30 to 112 Percent of Design (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The performance of a 13-stage development comressor for the J40-WE-24 engine has been determined at equivalent speeds from 30 to 112 percent of design. The design total-pressure ratio of 6.0 and the design weight flow of 164 pounds per second were not attained, An analysis was conducted to determine the reasons for the poor performance at the design and over-design speed. The analysis indicated that most of the difficulty could be attributed to the fact that the first stage was overcompromised to favor part-speed performance,
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NACA-RM-SE53D17
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  • 39
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    Low-Speed Longitudinal Stability Characteristics of a 1/6-Scale Model of the Republic XF-84H Airplane with the Propeller Operating (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A low-speed investigation was made of a 1/6-scale model of the Republic XF-84H airplane. The model had a single tractor propeller and a 40deg swept wing of aspect ratio 3.45. This investigation was undertaken to provide information on the effects of propeller operation on longitudinal stability characteristics for the XF -84H airplane and to provide an indication of slipstream effects that might be encountered on similar swept-wing configurations. Effects of propeller operation were generally destabilizing for all conditions investigated; however, the over-all stability characteristics with power on were greatly dependent on the power-off characteristics. With flaps and slats retracted, longitudinal instability was present at moderate angles of attack both with the propeller off and with power on. The longitudinal stability with flaps and slats deflected, which was satisfactory without power, was decreased by propeller operation, but no marked pitch-up tendency was indicated. Significant improvement in the power-on stability with flaps retracted was achieved by use of either a wing fence at 75 percent semispan, a leading-edge chord-extension from 65 to 94 percent semispan, or a raised horizontal tail located 65 percent semispan above the thrust line.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL-53F26
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  • 40
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    Drag and Longitudinal Trim at Low Lift of the North American YF-100A Airplane at Mach Numbers from 0.76 to 1.77 as Determined from the Flight Test of a 0.11-Scale Rocket Model (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Drag and longitudinal trim at low lift of the North American YF-100A airplane at Mach numbers from 0.76 to 1.77 as determined from the flight test of a 0.11-scale rocket model are presented herein. Also included are some longitudinal stability and some qualitative pitch-damping data. The subsonic external-drag-coefficient level was about 0.012, and the supersonic level was about 0.043. The drag rise occurred at a Mach number of 0.95. The longitudinal trim change at low lift consisted basically of a mild nose-up tendency at a Mach number of 0.90. An indication of wing flutter was present at Mach numbers from 0.95 to 1.11. However, the full-scale airplane wing has approximately twice the scaled first-bending frequency as the model tested and, hence, will probably be free of this type of flutter. The aerodynamic-center location was 71 percent behind the leading edge of the mean aerodynamic chord at a Mach number of 1.03 and 62 percent at a Mach number of 1.74. Qualitative measurement of damping in pitch indicates that at low lift coefficients damping will be low at a Mach number of 1.03.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL53E11a
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  • 41
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    Altitude Performance and Operational Characteristics of YJ71-A-7 Turbojet Engine (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Altitude performance of a YJ71-A-7 turbojet engine, with afterburner inoperative, was determined in the NACA Lewis altitude wind tunnel over a wide range of flight conditions. Engine speed and exhaust-nozzle area were controlled independently during this investigation. The variation of corrected values of air flow, net thrust, and fuel flow with corrected engine speed was not defined by a single curve with changes in altitude at given flight Mach number. Changes in altitude had very little effect on minimum specific fuel consumption at altitudes up to 45,000 feet. There is one exhaust-nozzle schedule that is nearly optimum for all flight conditions. Performance calculated from pumping characteristics agreed with experimental values and can therefore be used to extend engine performance data.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NACA-RM-E53E13
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  • 42
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    Preliminary Transient Performance Data on the J73 Turbojet Engine. II - Altitude, 35,000 Feet (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A program was undertaken to determine the J73 turbojet engine compressor stall and surge characteristics and combustor blow-out limits encountered during transient engine operation. Data were obtained in the form of oscillograph traces showing the time history of several engine performance parameters with changes in engine fuel flow. The data presented in this report are for step changes in fuel flow at an altitude of 35,000 feet, at flight Mach numbers of 0.3, 0.8, and 1.2, and at several engine-inlet temperatures,
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NACA-RM-SE53F29
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  • 43
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    Summary of Rocket-Model Tests at Zero Lift of the Northrop MX-775B Missile Configuration from Mach Numbers of 0.9 to 1.8 (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Flight tests were conducted between Mach numbers of 0.9 and 1.8 over a Reynolds number range of 9(exp 6) to 30(exp 6) to determine the zero-lift drag and some rolling-effectiveness characteristics of the Northrop MX -775B missile with small and large body. The MX-775B is a proposed long range, supersonic, ground-to-ground missile having an arrow wing with 67.5 degree leading-edge sweep, 15 deg trailing-edge sweep, and a modified NACA 0004 airfoil section. The configuration has no horizontal tail but has wing trailing-edge elevons which serve a dual purpose as elevators and ailerons. The ratio of body frontal area to wing plan-form area is 0.0127 for the small-body configuration and 0.0330 for the large-body configuration. Five 1/4-scale models were flown permitting determination of the drag coefficient for the basic small-body configuration, the incremental drag due to the large body, the incremental drag resulting from a blunt wing trailing edge, the wing-plus-interference drag, and some rolling-effectiveness data. Results indicated that the MX-775B has low supersonic zero-lift drag, the maximum zero-lift drag coefficients being respectively 0.0125 and 0.0155 at a Mach number of M = 1803 for the small- and large-body configurations. The effect of a blunt wing trailing edge, obtained by cutting off 10 percent of the wing chord, was to increase the zero-lift drag by 13 to 21 percent. Wing-plus-interference drag accounted for 78 percent of the total drag at M = 0.9 and 70 percent at M = 195 for the small-body configuration. The ailerons produced positive rolling effectiveness for the wing stiffness of the test models and the dynamic pressures of the test.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL53J02
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  • 44
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    Aerodynamic Characteristics in Pitch and Sideslip at High Subsonic Speeds of a 1/14-Scale Model of the Grumman XF104 Airplane with Wing Sweepback of 42.5 Degrees (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: An investigation has been made at high subsonic speeds of the aerodynamic'characteristics in pitch and sideslip of a l/l4-scale model of the Grumman XF10F airplane with a wing sweepback angle of 42.5. The longitudinal stability characteristics (with the horizontal tail fixed) indicate a pitch-up near the stall; however, this was somewhat alleviated by the addition of fins to the side of the fuselage below the horizontal tail. The original model configuration became directionally unstable for small sideslip angles at Mach numbers above 0.8; however, the instability was eliminated by several different modifications.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-SL53G20
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  • 45
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    Preliminary Transient Performance Data on the J73 Turbojet Engine (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A program was undertaken to determine the J73 turbojet engine compressor stall and surge characteristics and combustor blow-out limits enc ountered during transient engine operation. Data were obtained in the form of oscillograph traces showing the time history of several engi ne parameters with changes in engine fuel flow. The data presented in this report are for step and ramp changes in fuel flow at an altitude of 45,000 feet and flight Mach numbers of 0 and 0.8.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NACA-RM-SE53F30
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