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  • Articles  (3,872)
  • Springer Nature  (2,924)
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  • 1950-1954  (3,872)
  • 1952  (3,872)
  • Medicine  (3,872)
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  • Articles  (3,872)
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  • 1950-1954  (3,872)
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  • 1
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Centaurus 2 (1952), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0498
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Centaurus 2 (1952), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0498
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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  • 3
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Centaurus 2 (1952), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0498
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1600-0498
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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  • 5
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Centaurus 2 (1952), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0498
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Centaurus 2 (1952), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0498
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  • 7
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Centaurus 2 (1952), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0498
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Centaurus 2 (1952), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0498
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Reviews in this articles:Willlam P. D. Wightman: The growth of scientific ideas.IIIe Congrès National des Sciences organisé par la Fédération belge des Sociétés Scientifiques, Brurelles, 30 Mai—3 Juin 1950.Edmund Whittaker: A history of the theories of aether and electricity. Vol. I: The classical theories.Charles Singer: A history of biology. A general introduction to the study of living things.Emile Callot: La renaissance des sciences de la vie au XVIe siècle.Agnes Arber: The Natural Philosophy of Plant Form.Howard Reed: Fan Ingenhousz, plant physiologist. With a history of the discovery of photosynthesis.Martha Teach Gnudi and Jerome Pierce Webster: The Life and Times of Gaspare Tagliacozzi, Surgeon of Bologna, 1545–1599, with a Documented Study of the Scientific and Cultural Life of Bologna in the Sixteenth Century.Cyril Elgood: A Medical History of Persia and the Eastern Caliphate from the earliest times until the year A. D. 1932.R. J. Forbes: Metallurgy in Antiquity. A notebook for archaeologists and technologists. With 98 illustrations.
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  • 9
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 140-142 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The oxygen uptake of two strains ofMycelium Radicis atrovirens was measured volumetrically in the respirometer apparatus ofvon Euler, Myrbäck andNilsson. The vessels employed were 100 cm3 Erlenmeyer flasks with center cup containing the solution of potassium hydroxide used for absorption of carbon dioxide. The mycelium was grown in a submerged state in shaking cultures according to the method ofWikén andSomm. The oxygen consumption of the growing young mycelium in a glucose-ammonium tartrate medium amounted to about 2 × 10−2 cm3 per milligram of dry weight per hour. The respiratory activity of the washed mycelium in distilled water or phosphate buffer was equal to that shown by the intact mycelium in its actual culture medium. The high autorespiration (endogenous respiration) thus observed was reduced appreciably by starvation for 48 hours in phosphate buffer under aerated conditions. The autorespiration of the starved mycelium amounted to 0.1−0.3×10−2 cm3 per milligram of dry weight per hour, whereas its oxygen uptake in solutions of glucose, succinate, fumarate, and citrate was equal to 0.6−1.7×10−2 cm3.
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  • 10
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 146-148 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Various alkylphosphates show in certain doses by applicationin vivo a stimulating effect on the cholinesterase activity of plasma, erythrocytes, liver and brain respectively. These effects might be due to a different distribution of the alkylphosphates in the body and a stimulatory effect of low concentrations on the new formation or the activity of the enzymes.
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  • 11
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 196-197 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary (1) It had been stated previously that in guinea-pigs the rupture of the thymus-thyroid-gonad balance resulted in an increased thyrotropic activity of the anterior pituitary. (2) An attempt is made to verify this assertion. It was to be expected that in thymi-thyreoprive castrated guinea-pigs (which do not secrete any thyrotropic factor) injections of one or several hormones of the thymusthyroid-gonad group in an unbalanced relation might determine an increased thyrotropic activity of the urine. (3) Experimental results have confirmed this supposition.
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  • 12
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    Journal of comparative physiology 34 (1952), S. 6-13 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Alle 3 untersuchten Prosobranchier wachsen isometrisch und zeigen einen O2-Konsum, der dem Quadrat der mittleren Linearausdehnung parallel geht. Als RQ ergab sich für Paludina fasciata (Herbstversuche) ein plausibler, knapp unter 0,7 liegender Wert. Die normale Lokomotionsgeschwindigkeit, geprüft an Paludina und Bythinia, ist von der Körperlänge unabhängig (konstante Absolutgeschwindigkeit), in Übereinstimmung mit den Befunden Ludwigs (I) für Lithoglyphus und der Muschel Dreissensia. Somit verhalten sich bisher alle kiemenatmenden Mollusken konform. Die Frage nach dem Sinn der Größe (O2)/G·t, d.h. des O2-Konsums je Gewichts-Zeiteinheit bei Formen mit einem zur Oberfläche proportionalen Energiekonsum, wird erörtert.
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  • 13
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    Journal of comparative physiology 34 (1952), S. 14-19 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Von 4 untersuchten Wasserpulmonatenarten ging bei Lymnaea auricularia der O2-Konsum (wie bei den Landpulmonaten) der Körpermasse (L 3) parallel, vermutlich auch bei Planorbis carinatus. Die 2 weiteren Arten Planorbis corneus und Isidora proteus zeigten einen Übergangstyp (zwischen L 2 und L 3), der aber näher an Proportionalität zu L 3 liegt. 2. Die RQ dreier untersuchter Arten (Herbst) liegen mit relativ geringer Schwankung um 0,9; O2-Konsum und CO2-Abscheidung gehen parallel. 3. Vor allem wegen der verschiedenen O2-Quellen der Wasserpulmonaten (Lungen- und Hautatmung) sind zur Klärung des Zustandekommens des „Zwischentyps“ hier weitere Untersuchungen nötig. 4. Zwei der geprüften Arten zeigten, in Übereinstimmung mit den früher (I, IV) untersuchten kiemenatmenden Mollusken, eine von der Körpergröße unabhängige Lokomotionsgeschwindigkeit. Auch hier sind Untersuchungen an erweitertem Tiermaterial notwendig.
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  • 14
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    Mycopathologia 6 (1952), S. 161-163 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 15
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    Mycopathologia 6 (1952), S. 237-239 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
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  • 16
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    Mycopathologia 6 (1952), S. 176-181 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study of nervous and hemorrhagic signs of experimental moniliasis and data on the comparative susceptibility of laboratory animals toC. albicans are presented. Paresis, ataxia, choreatic movements, unilateral neck muscle contractures, etc. were observed in every animal species. Hemorrhagic signs were also common and consisted of epistaxis and bloody eyes (only in rats). The susceptibility toC. albicans is in the mentioned order most outspoken in the rat, than the rabbit, guinea pig and mouse. A special selectivity for prostatic localization was observed in rats, but was absent in the other species. The possibility of toxic endothelial damage is mentioned.
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  • 17
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    Mycopathologia 6 (1952), S. 231-234 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from a severe outbreak of bovine mastitis. A comparison of 62 strains revealed considerable variation in color, acid production in sugars, and amount of capsular material. During the course of the study, the origin of 10 mucoid mutants was noted. The strains were compared with strains of the same species isolated from human cryptococcosis, from soil, and with the originalSanfelice strain. They are typical of the speciesC. neoformans in colony characteristics, morphology, temperature tolerance, acid production in sugars and pathogenicity for mice.
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  • 18
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    Mycopathologia 6 (1952), S. 235-236 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un cas de sporotrichose, avec sporotrichides vient d'être présenté. Des cultures satisfaisantes ont été obtenues seulement après inoculation des animaux. La cure à l'Organidin, une forme organique de l'iodine, à été proposée quand survient une sérieuse sensibilité à KI. On insist sur le fait que la sporotrichose à des nombreuses formes cliniques.
    Notes: Summary A case of sporotrichosis with sporotrichid is presented. Satisfactory cultures were obtained only after animal inoculation. Cure resulted from use of Organidin, an organic form of iodine, when a severe sensitivity occurred to KI. The fact that sporotrichosis has many clinical forms is emphasized.
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  • 19
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    Mycopathologia 6 (1952), S. 137-160 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary and conclusion We have been able to establish typical characteristics of the species, in artificial culture media, of the fungus causingPosadas-Wernicke's disease. Our work is base on the study of ten strains of the fungus and on their retrocultures — obtianed by inoculation of these strains in laboratory animals — in variosu culture media, among them cornmeal agar (Emmons media) which in our opinion is a medium indispensable for the differencing and for the classification of the fungus from other agents which produce syndromes of a like nature. A revision was made of the literature of the morphology of the causal agent ofPosadas-Wernicke's disease and an analysis of the predominant and characteristic fructification of the fungus. In attention to the above facts, we think that the fungus in question should be included in the genusAleurisma Link, 1809. Therefore, admitting the validity of this genus, we believe that the name of the etiological agent ofPosadas-Wernicke's disease should be changed toAleurisma immitis, the diagnosis being justified by the microscopic study inEmmons media and completed by the forms found in a medium rich in glycides. The diagnoses is the following: Aleurisma immitis. — In substratis pauperibus gignuntur hyphis mycelicis hyalinis, septatis, satis ramosis, ramulis in angulo pene recto; aleuriis abundantissimis, valde simplicibus, centralibus et regulariter seriatis, vel apicalibus, rarissime lateralibus, sessilibus, rare pedicellatis, rectangularibus, hyalinis, aliquoties in racemis et thyrsis dispositis. Spirae saepe videntur. In substratis carbohydratis plenis, chlamydosporis intercalaribus et apicalibus abundantibus; aleuriis et spiris nec numerosis aut typicis quam in pauperibus substratis.
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  • 20
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    Mycopathologia 6 (1952), S. 240-240 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
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  • 21
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    Mycopathologia 6 (1952), S. 182-230 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
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  • 22
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    Mycopathologia 6 (1952), S. 164-175 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'auteur décrit un genre nouveau de Plectomycètes qu'il nommePeyronellula en le dédiant au mycologueBeniamino Peyronel. Le nouveau genre présente des cléistothèces globuleux, pourvus d'un péridium bien défini, fermé, complètement rempli d' asques sphériques en nombre indéterminé et amassés sans ordre apparent. Les asques, dont la paroi se gélifie à maturité, contiennent huit ascospores elliptiques, non cloisonnées, qui en mûrissant deviennent brunes et ornementées de crêtes longitudinales qui leur donnent un aspect très caractéristique. L'espèce sur laquelle se base ce nouveau genre,Peyronellula mirabilis, fu trouvée à la surface du sol d'un vignoble aux environs de Pignerol (Piémont, Italie). La forme conidienne qui a été, ainsi que la forme parfaite, obtenue en culture pure, appartient au genreCephalosporium, dont elle constitue une nouvelle espèce, nomméeCephalosporium mirabilis. La diagnose latine complète la déscription du nouveau genre et des nouvelles espèces.
    Abstract: Summary Peyronellula, a new genus of Plectomycetes dedicated to the mycologistBeniamino Peyronel, is described. The spherical, astomous cleistothecia of the new genus have a well defined peridium and are full of an indetermined number of spherical asci. The asci, who disintegrate at maturity, contain eight elliptical, continuous, dark ascospores, fully characterized by longitudinal crests. The type species of the new genus, namedPeyronellula mirabilis, was found on the soil of a vineyard near Pinerolo (Piedmont, Italy). A conidial stage of genusCephalosporium has been also found to which the nameCephalosporium mirabilis is given. Both ascophorus and conidial stages were grown in pure culture. Full accounts of the genus and the new species, with thoroughly latin diagnosis, are given.
    Notes: Riassunto Viene descritto un nuovo genere di Plectomiceti al quale viene dato il nome diPeyronellula dedicandolo al micologoBeniamino Peyronel. Il nuovo genere presenta dei cleistoteci a parete ben definita, completamente riempiti di un numero indefinito di aschi rotondeggianti, distribuiti senz'alcun ordine. Gli aschi, a parete diffluente, contengono otto ascospore ellittiche, continue, a maturità brune e caratteristiche per essere munite di costole longitudinali. La specie in base alla quale è descritto il nuovo genere, denominataPeyronellula mirabilis, venne rinvenuta alla superficie del terreno in un vigneto sito nei dintorni di Pinerolo (Piemonte, Italia). Di essa è stato ottenuto l'isolamento in coltura pura e si è individuata la forma conidica appartenente al genereCephalosporium di cui costituisce una nuova specie, denominataCeph. mirabilis. Del genere e delle specie nouve è data una minuta descrizione corredata dalle relative diagnosi latine.
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  • 23
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 150-152 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of penicillin, streptomycin and aureomycin on the second phase of coagulation has been examined. The following results have been found: (1) Doses which are adequate to the therapeutic blood level do not influence the thrombin-fibrinogen reactionin vitro. (2) Doses which highly exceed the therapeutic blood level considerably prolong the thrombin-fibrinogen reaction by blocking thrombin. (3) This thrombin-blocking effect of antibiotics is suppressed by protamin sulphate up to a certain concentration.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 154-156 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Junge Albinoratten beiderlei Geschlechtes, normale und adrenalektomierte Tiere, wurden auf synthetischen Diäten gehalten, in welchen entweder eine Anzahl von Vitaminen fehlte oder welche die Vitamine A, D, E sowie alle chemisch identifizierten B-Vitamine in genügenden Mengen enthielten. Bei diesen Tieren entstand ein abnormes schwarzes Pigment an den Inzisoren, besonders oben. Kontrolltiere aus der Zuchtdiät zeigten dieses Pigment niemals. Die Häufigkeit in den einzelnen Gruppen ist in der Tabelle wiedergegeben. Die Abbildung zeigt Beispiele.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 157-158 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Injektionen von 0,1 cm3 1,5- bis 2%iger NaCl-Lösung führen bei Applikation in die mediale Region des vorderen Hypothalamus bei nichtnarkotisierten Ziegen nach einer Latenzzeit von 1/2 bis 1 1/2 min zu einer ausgeprägten Polydipsie. In 6 von 8 Fällen war der Effekt wiederholbar. Zur Fixierung und Leitung der Kanüle wurde die Hessche Technik angewandt.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 158-159 
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    Notes: Summary The possibility to estimate the coronary blood flow in men by radiocirculography is discussed. After intravenous injection of Na24Cl the continuously recorded radioactivity over the heart shows the passage of the radioactive blood through the heart chambers and within 4.2 s (pulse rate 60–90) through the coronary system. The area of the “coronary peaks” (C R andC L ) may give an estimation of the rate of coronary blood flow relative to cardiac output.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 164-164 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 192-194 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Aufklärung des Bedarfs an Aminosäuren frisch geschlüpfter Jungbienen wurde die Zunahme ihres Trokkengewichtes und Stickstoffgehalts bestimmt, bei Verfütterung von Diäten, welche anstatt Eiweiss ein Gemisch aus 17 Aminosäuren enthielten. Durch wechselweises Fortlassen je einer der 17 Aminosäuren konnte gezeigt werden, dass für gutes Wachstum die folgenden Aminosäuren notwendig sind: Arginin, Histidin, Lysin, Phenylalanin, Tryptophan, Leuzin, Isoleuzin, Methionin, Threonin und Valin. Nicht notwendig waren: Glykokoll, Alanin, Serin, Zystin, Tyrosin, Prolin, Oxyprolin, Glutaminsäure und Asparaginsäure.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 10-11 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
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    Notes: Résumé Les dérivés dihydrogénés de l'euphole et du basséole ne sont pas identiques. Contrairement à l'acétate de dihydrobasséole qui, par oxydation avec de l'eau oxygénée, donne l'acétate deβ-amyranonyle, comme l'a montréPinto Coelho, l'acétate de dihydroeuphyle est transformé par le même réactif en époxyde d'acétate de dihydroeuphyle.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 12-14 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei vier Vertretern der Leptophlebiidae (Leptophlebia vespertina L.,Leptophlebia marginata L.,Paraleptophlebia submarginata Steph. undHabrophlebia fusca Curt.) wird eine von den anderen Ephemeroptera verschiedene und im allgemeinen bei Pterygota seltene Struktur der Corpora allata festgestellt. Diese Organe sind bei den erwähnten Eintagsfliegen epitheliale Röhren, deren Lumen eine azidophile Substanz enthält. Die Untersuchung verschiedener Stufen der postembryonalen Entwicklung lässt eine sekretorische Tätigkeit der Corpora allata vermuten.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 14-15 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
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    Notes: Résumé En exposant aux vapeurs de camphre un mycélium de l'Aspergillus midulans hétérocaryotique pour deux types de noyaux génétiquement marqués, on a obtenu des noyaux diploïdes hétérozygotes. Il est probable que ces noyaux diploïdes sont produits par l'inclusion dans un seul noyau de deux groupes haploïdes de chromosomes-fils résultant de la division de deux noyaux de types différents. On a réalisé ainsi une sorte de caryogamie artificielle. Des souches diploïdes sont obtenues par l'isolement au micromanipulateur de conidies uninuclées diploïdes. On peut vérifier le fait que les souches sont diploïdes en observant 1 leur phénotypes; 2 le nombre de chromosomes; 3 la ségrégation et la recombinaison des gènes dans les ascospores; 4 la recombinaison somatique; 5 le diamètre des conidies.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 20-22 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Dünnschliffe von frisch fixierten oder mazerierten Knochen wurdenin vitro der Einwirkung von radio-aktiven Ca- und P-Salzen unterworfen. Die Autoradiographien beweisen, daß Ca45 und P32 in größerer Menge von den verhältnismäßig weniger kalzifizierten Abschnitten der Grundsubstanz des Knochens übernommen werden. Die Menge der anorganischen Salze, welche unter diesen Bedingungen von den verschiedenen Knochen aufgenommen wird, hängt hauptsächlich von der relativen Menge der vorhandenen organischen Substanzen und von den in der Grundsubstanz enthaltenen Osteomukoiden ab.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 26-28 
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    Notes: Summary The utilisation of citrate byEscherichia coli depends on adaptation. Even adapted bacteria do not seem to split glucose by way of the tricarboxylic cycle.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 28-29 
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    Notes: Résumé Le carotèneβ empêche la germination des grains de pollen deCyclamen persicum Mill. Il est possible de transformer cet effet en une stimulation en ajoutantβ-indole-acétique-acide (concentration 50 mg/l). La substance elle-même n'a aucune influence sur la germination du pollen. Cet effet nous permet de déterminer des auxines qualitativement (test du carotèneβ). Par cette méthode on a prouvé que la vitamine E (dl-α-tocophérole) et la vitamine K (Roche 1-6722) peuvent remplacer IAA. La substancedl-α-tocophérole empêche la germination du pollen deCyclamen persicum, la vitamine K n'a aucune influence.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 33-34 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 365-370 
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    Notes: Summary Since the end of the last century new techniques have been developed to make it possible to perform chemical experiments on a smaller and smaller scale. The historical development ofgravimetry at a macro-, micro- and ultramicro-level, is represented in a cologarithmic diagram, correlating the sensitivity of the balance, the amount of compound to be evaluated and the weight of sample normally taken. Reference is made to the techniques of micro- and ultramicro-gravimetry used in the laboratory ofB. B. Cunningham at the University of California (Berkeley), and attention is directed to exercises made by graduate students in this laboratory. Titrimetry, with amounts of the microliter, is easy to make, for instance by means of the pipettes and burettes designed byP. Kirk. Ultramicro Kjeldahl determinations, for instance, are very useful for biological purposes; they can be effected by the diffusion technique ofConway, without transfer of solution. On the other hand, for the manipulation of radioactive compounds, operations in “gloved boxes” assure a satisfactory protection at a level lower than 100 millicuries. At a ultramicro level,spectrophotometry can be used with success and is a very promising method today. The sensitivity in the detection and evaluation of traces by means of different analytical procedures is compared graphically. A review is given of some analytical, preparative and physico-chemical methods used in micro- and ultramicro-chemistry.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 379-380 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung 5-Hydroxytryptamin (Serotonin, Enteramin, Thrombocytin), das in neuerer Zeit aus Blut oder Gewebe verschiedener Tiere isoliert wurde, konnte nun auch unter Verwendung von Isotopentechnik und Papierchromatographie als unmethylierter Vorläufer der schon bekannten Krötenbasen im Giftextrakt vonBufo marinus im Ausmasse von 0,1 % (bezogen auf trockenen Giftextrakt) nachgewiesen werden.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 384-385 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Man findet in den elektronenmikroskopischen Bildern dünner Schnitte der Kernmembran vonAmoeba proteus eine charakteristische Porenstruktur, wie sieBairati undLehmann (1952) mit einer andern Technik gezeigt haben. Querschnitte und semitangentiale Schnitte durch die Kernmembran zeigen eine äussere kontinuierliche und darunter eine innere Porenschicht. Bestandteile des Kerninhaltes können unterschieden werden.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 386-387 
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    Notes: Résumé Les auteurs montrent que des bactéries illuminées avec de la lumière visible perdent leur capacité de multiplier les bactériophages; cela aussi bien lorsque la bactérie (Escherichia Coli B) a été infectée de l'extérieur par un phage virulent (T 2) que lorsque la bactérie lysogène (Escherichia Coli K 12) a été induite à multiplier le phage (λ) qu'elle portait. Dans ce dernier cas cet effet de la lumière peut simuler une photoréactivation.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 389-390 
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    Notes: Summary Following the new squash-technic ofMakino andNishimura, it is now possible to work more quickly and with more accuracy on the chromosomes of mammals. The author has established the cytological conditions in seven species of Muridae and elucidated some doubtful points belonging 15 other species.Microtus arvalis, M. orcadensis andM. incertus have the same formule and must be considered as very akin. The chromosomic set ofClethrionomys gapperi (North-America) doesn't differ from that ofC. glareolus (Europe). Three genera of Gerbillinae exhibit sex-chromosomes of the type found in palearctic Cricetinae. ByArvicola scherman andMicrotus nivalis a reinvestigation shows thatX andY are both metacentric. It seems preferable to putNeotoma floridana andPeromyscus leucopus, likely with the other genera of nearctic Cricetinac, in a special under-family, for they bear no cytological ressemblance with the true hamsters of the Old World.Dipodomys merriami, an Heteromyidae, has 70 and not 86 chromosomes (Cross, 1931). There is in none species coexistence of pre- and post-reduction, although pictures of chiasmas may be sometimes observed. The conception ofKoller andDarlington does not agree with the facts.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 391-392 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Häufigkeit erfolgreicher Konzeptionen der ägyptischen Büffel schwankt während des ganzen Jahres; das Maximum wird jedoch erreicht zwischen Oktober und Dezember. Die Lufttemperatur und das Tageslicht sowie eventuell die Ernährung sind die Hauptfaktoren, welche dieses Phänomen beeinflussen.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 395-396 
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    Notes: Summary Chronic intoxications of dogs, rats and rabbits by DDT and by diphenyl-methane show a great variability in the pathology of the different species. While hepatic lesions are present in the three species, only the rats treated with diphenyl-methane had nervous lesions. Plasmocytosis is very marked in dogs, less conspicuous in rats and practically absent in rabbits.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 404-404 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 405-420 
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    Notes: Résumé Le présent travail retrace l'évolution qu'a subie la chimie de l'amidon de son origine à nos jours. Avant de faire le point de nos connaissances actuelles sur ce sujet, nous avons jugé indispensable de rappeler la part prise par les botanistes, les colloïdologistes, les chimistes organiciens et les enzymologues à la solution de ce vaste problème. Car ce n'est qu'en faisant la somme des travaux poursuivis dans tant de domaines différents que l'on arrive à une image claire couvrant tous les aspects de la structure et de la constitution de l'amidon. Les grains d'amidon sont constitués de couches concentriques dont les faces externes sont moins solubles dans l'eau que les faces internes. Ces couches contiennent des cristallites arrangés radialement et responsables du phénomène de la croix noire. Les couches résistantes sont constituées de 90% d'un polysaccharide fortement ramifié, l'amylopectineB 2, et de 10% d'un polysaccharide linéaire de poids moléculaire élevé, l'amyloseA 2; ils forment ensemble des cristaux mixtes, quoiqu'une partie de la molécule d'amylopectine subsiste à l'état amorphe, donnant une certaine élasticité au système. Les couches internes, facilement solubles, sont constituées d'amyloseA 1 de poids moléculaire bas, bien cristallisée. Dans l'eau chaude, les cristallites les plus solubles se dissolvent et l'amyloseA 1 diffuse à l'extérieur pendant que les couches les plus résistantes se gonflent; elles seront d'autant plus extensibles que l'amylopectine qu'elles contiennent sera de poids moléculaire plus élevé. Les propriétés des différents amidons et celles de leurs empois dépendent essentiellement de la nature des polysaccharides présents: elles ont été longuement exposées. En fin de cet article, nous décrivons les propriétés des enzymes amylolytiques, leur mode d'action et le rôle qu'elles peuvent avoir sur la dégradation et la synthèse des polysaccharides de l'amidon.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 422-424 
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    Notes: Summary New observations on the necessary cofactors for the hydroxylation of steroids using adrenal homogenates are described. By microbiological hydroxylation of steroids preferably in 11α-position using molds i. a. the new 11-epimers of corticosterone and 17-hydroxy-corticosterone have been obtained. They are lacking high mineralocorticoidal activity.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 428-429 
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    Notes: Summary The tissues of numerous marine invertebrates of various zoological groups contain anL-aminoacidoxydase different to that of many vertebrates (apart from theL-ophioaminoacidoxydase). This enzyme acts on the basic amino acids, especially on arginine; it metabolizes the latter according to a process different to that common to vertebrates, based on arginase action. The presence of α-keto-δ-guanidovaleric and γ-guanidobutyric acids in the tissues of various invertebrates is due to this metabolic decomposition of arginine.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 432-434 
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    Notes: Summary Treatment of rabbits with a single dosis ofβ-Hexachlorcyclohexane prevents, for many days, the apparition in the electro-encephalogramm, of seizure potentials induced by electrical stimulation of an epileptogenic brain area, as well as the apparition of Metrazol seizure potentials. The results of the electrical test showed that theβ-component of the Hexachlorcyclohexane acts chiefly by changing the reactivity of definite diencephalic areas (Thalamus).
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 444-444 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 439-441 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 458-459 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die « Conformation » aller Carvomenthole und Carvomenthylamine wurde auf der Grundlage der Vorstellung von polaren und äquatorialen Bindungen abgeleitet. Die Konfiguration von Carvomenthol, Neocarvomenthol, Carvomenthylamin und Neocarvomenthylamin, die aus ihrer « Conformation » folgt, ist identisch mit der Konfiguration, die vonRead und Mitarbeitern hauptsächlich auf der Grundlage der von-Auwersschen Regel vorgeschlagen wurde. Die « Conformation » des Isocarvomenthols und des Isocarvomenthylamins lässt erkennen, dass sich alle Substituenten in diesen beiden Verbindungen inCis-Stellung befinden.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 459-460 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die ägyptische Tonfraktion wurde durch Auswaschen mit destilliertem Wasser suspendiert. Die Behandlung mit Salzsäure wurde fortgesetzt, bis der Ton frei von Alkali- und Erdalkali-Ionen war. Die chemische Zusammensetzung wurde nach dem Soda-Aufschluss-Verfahren ermittelt. Die Austauschkapazität wurde nach der Wiklander-Methode bestimmt. Sie beträgt 1, 18 MA/g lufttrockener Ton. (9,98% H2O). Die Elektronen-Mikroskop-Aufnahme, hergestellt nach der Methode vonArdenn, zeigt, dass der ägyptische Ton zu den glimmerähnlichen Mineralien vom Illite-Typ gehört (Hydroglimmer). Röntgenbeugungsaufnahmen nach der Debye-Scherrer-Methode zeigten durch Vergleich der Interferenzringe des ägyptischen Tons mit denjenigen von reinen Tonen, dass der Alluviumton den glimmerähnlichen Mineralien gleicht. Der Alluviumton enthält neben der kristallinen Substanz einen amorphen Anteil, der in verdünnter Salzsäure löslich ist.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 464-465 
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    Notes: Résumé Les auteurs ont réussi à mettre au point pour les sérodiagnostics brucelliques des antigènes stabilisés par lyophilisation. L'agglutinabilité de ces antigènes ne varie pas avec le temps. Ces antigènes sont très faciles à utiliser et ils semblent apporter une solution définitive à un problème étudié depuis longtemps. Les auteurs ont fait vérifier leurs propres résultats par divers laboratoires spécialisés qui les ont confirmés.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 469-471 
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    Notes: Summary The inflammatory reaction of the skin produced by chloroform is inhibited by A.C.T.H. and sodium salicylate. Sodium salicylate exerts this effect by an immediate action as well as through adreno-cortical stimulation. Cortisone and Phenergan have no effect on the reaction studied by the authors.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 476-476 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Säulenchromatographie wurde schon lange vor den vonTswett im Jahre 1903 angestellten Versuchen verwendet, die, wie allgemein angenommen wird, das Verfahren erstmalig eingeführt haben.J. T. Way hat schon ein halbes Jahrhundert früher ähnliche Trennungen durchgeführt, wenn auch zu einem andern Zweck und wahrscheinlich durch noch frühere Versuche vonMatteucci angeregt;Day undEngler haben 1900 bzw. 1901 Analysen von Petroleum mittels der Säulenchromatographie ausgeführt.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 477-481 
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    Notes: Summary New investigations on the physical laws of heat conduction in the living human skin are reported. New methods of measurement are described for the exact experimental determination of the two important physical magnitudes in the living intact skin: the thermal conduction coefficientλ and the thermal diffusion coefficienta. Forλ values were found in depths of up to 2 mm under the surface of the skin of 0.0012 to 0.0023 cal · cm−1·s−1·°C−1, fora in depths up to 2 mm values of 0,0004 to 0,0018 cm2·s−1 according to depth of the layer and cutaneous circulation. On the basis of calculations and experimental measurements by means of a newly developed thermo-electric method, which makes possible registration of temperature at exactly measurable depths under the skin, a series of examples is cited of heat displacements resulting from the effect of certain external temperature changes.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 62-62 
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    Notes: Summary In several larval instars and in pupae ofSialis lutaria L. (Megaloptera) a prothoracic gland was found. This gland is paired and lies on both sides in the prothorax between the two principal tracheal trunks. Figure 1 shows the whole left gland. In Figure 2 a part of a gland with the typical big cell nuclei with chromatin granules is shown. Preliminary experimental investigations confirm the hormonal function of this gland provoking metamorphosis.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 58-59 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Elektronenoptische Untersuchungen von Ultrafeinschnitten der Rattenleber sowie einiger anderer Gewebe dieses Tieres, ferner eines Mammakarzinoms der Maus und der Niere des Menschen haben ergeben, daß der Nukleolus des Zellkerns oft eine besondere Struktur aufweist: Auf genügend dünnen Schnitten (0,2µ〉) erscheint sehr häufig ein Knäuel fadiger Elemente von verschiedener Länge, aber annähernd gleicher Dicke, die für die Gesamtheit des Nukleolus je nach seinem funktionellen Zustand zwischen 90–180 mµ variiert. Die Filamente sind Feulgen-negativ und enthalten demnach die Ribonukleoproteide des Kernkörperchens.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 62-63 
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    Notes: Summary The degree of luminosity of the following pigmented (Ostwald) papers; orange, yellow, green and blue, has been determined for certain Rhopalocera by means of the optomotor reaction. The comparison of numerous species of butterflies has yielded the following results: where as the luminosity values for yellow, red and blue vary independently of each other, those for green and blue, as well as for orange and red, always vary in the same direction. Therefore it seems possible, that three groups of colours: yellow, green-blue, orange-red, are perceived by different perceptors. In each family the order of the degree of brightness of the tested pigment colours is constant.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 69-71 
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    Notes: Summary Extractions of muscle proteins of dystrophic, vitamin-E deficient rabbits show that in advanced dystrophy the actomyosin content of the extract (ionic strength = 0.11) is considerably reduced. The myosin content is even more reduced and may completely disappear from the extract. Actin, on the other hand, does not seem to be quantitatively effected by the dystrophy. The possible interrelationship between these results and the ATP content of the dystrophic muscles is briefly discussed.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 72-74 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fünf Gruppen von weißen Ratten wurden verschiedenen chronischen Schädigungen ausgesetzt: Mangeldiät, chronische Vergiftung mittels Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, Verabreichung von Zinksulfat, wiederholte parenterale Gaben von Histamin, gleichzeitig einer Mangeldiät und Histamin. Alle fünf Schädigungsformen ergaben die gleiche Veränderung: zystische Degeneration des exkretorischen Systems des Pankreas mit konsekutiver Fibrose. Das Pankreas antwortet offenbar auf alle Formen von milder chronischer Schädigung gleichartig.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 84-84 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 80-84 
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    Notes: Summary The specific regeneration processes, the formation of a blastema and the regenerative growth may be influenced experimentally by different methods. After a review of the experimental data the conclusion is drawn that both processes depend on chemical substances which are produced in autolysed cells of the wound. It seems that the formation of the regeneration blastema is brought about by protein derivatives such as polypeptids, while growth is initiated by ribonucleic acid or by substances which stimulate the synthesis of ribonucleic acid.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 106-108 
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    Notes: Summary A statistical study founded on 300 elements (Bacillus cereus alesti, with a test:Bombyx mori larvae. Lepidoptera). Capacity for development and virulence respond in a parallel manner to ultraviolet radiation 2537 A; but the inhibition of virulence is more rapid than that of development. Irradiation for 4 to 5 hours gives avirulent elements which are, however, capable of development.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 110-111 
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    Notes: Summary Three strains ofMycelium Radicis atrovirens were grown in a submerged state with aeration brought about by continual shaking of the cultures (100 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 20 ml of substrate; shaking speed = 50–60 cycles per minute; amplitude =15 cm). The shake cultures showed a marked acceleration in growth as compared with the corresponding stationary cultures, maximum dry weight of mycelium being attained after incubation for 7 to 10 days in the former and after 13 to 20 days, respectively, in the latter cultures. The submerged mycelium produced in the shake cultures was successfully used in experiments on respiration of the fungus.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 116-117 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß hoher Plasmakonzentrationen auf die Blutgerinnung wurde während der Behandlung mit Dikumarinderivaten und bei anderen Krankheitszuständen untersucht. Eine einfache Methode zur klinischen Auswertung solcher Ergebnisse wird vorgeschlagen. Es wird die Möglichkeit besprochen, durch solche Methoden zirkulierende Antikoagulantien zu bestimmen.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 142-143 
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    Notes: Riassunto Vengono riportati dei dati sul passaggio assoluto di acqua attraverso la cute diRana esculenta sotto l'influenza dell'Adrenalina; questi dati sono stati ottenuti con l'aiuto del Deuterio come indicatore. Da essi viene confermata l'ipotesi che l'Adrenalina non modifica la permeabilità passiva all'acqua, ma solo il trasporto attivo.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 187-189 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die relativen Mengen der Karotinoide in den Eiern, Ovarien und Hoden vonParacentrotus lividus sind verschieden. Qualitative Unterschiede werden in den freien Xanthophyllen gefunden.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 165-171 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 189-190 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der Reaktion zwischen einer Lösung von Gallert-hüllensubstanz und Extrakt von Seeigeleiernin vitro werden u.a. Nukleoproteinc ausgefällt. Die Reaktion wird durch Behandlung der Gallerthüllensubstanz mit Spermatozoen oder durch Ultraviolettbestrahlung aufgehoben.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 198-199 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 224-225 
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    Notes: Summary FromPlumiera acutifolia a new crystalline substance C14H12O4, called Fulvoplumierin, was isolated, which, in concentrations of 1–5γ/cm3, inhibited the growthin vitro of various strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosis.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 227-228 
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    Notes: Summary (1) Papain causes the red blood corpuscles to undergo an increase in sensitivity to serum haemolysines, haemolysing snake venoms and agglutinating phytotoxins. (2) Papain is suitable for the demonstration of incomplete Rhesus antibodies. (3) Ferments like trypsin and papain produce a change in the erythrocytes which can be demonstrated by the action of haemolysines and haemo-agglutinines of various sorts.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 233-234 
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    Notes: Summary In the series of homologousω, ω′-bis-(ammoniumalkoxy)-polymethylenes, the curarizing potency is not primarily correlated to the whole chain length between the nitrogen atoms, but is determined by the nature of the middle section, -(CH2) n -, of the molecule and to a lesser degree by the substituents, (RRR), of the nitrogen atoms.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 236-236 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 243-244 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 258-258 
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    Notes: Summary A method for the calculation of the rate of interest is represented, when the value of the life annuity or the value of the annuity-certain is given numerically.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 259-259 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei Ablagerung von Hydroxylapatit in kollagenen Fasern des Knochengewebes können diese zur Orientierung der anorganischen Moleküle führen.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 265-266 
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    Notes: Summary Heteropolar proteic systems of which the anisotropy, determinated by means of streaming birefringence technique, can be compared with that of myosinic systems, appear in the electronic microscope, not like filaments but like granules, more or less elliptic, and two of these are often in coaxial bonds. Osmic fixation seems to favour these coaxial linkages with appearance of short filamentations.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 269-270 
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    Notes: Riassunto L'autore ha studiato, in base alle caratteristiche spettrofotometriche nel visibile e nel primo infrarosso, il sangue ossigenato, il sangue carbossidato e quello rigenerato dal precedente con una corrente d'aria, dimostrando che il sangue rigeneratoin vitro presenta caratteri spettrali analoghi a quelli del sangue ossigenato, contrariamente a quanto avevano sostenuto precedenti autori.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 274-274 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei zwei virginellen Zwillingsziegen wurde Laktation festgestellt. Die chemische Zusammensetzung der Milch war normal. Beide Tiere blieben unfruchtbar. Eine Hypersekretion der Hypophyse an laktogenem Hormon wird als Erklärung angenommen.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 273-274 
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    Notes: Summary The blocking action of decamethonium and amyltrimethylammonium assayed on the sciatic nerve-soleus or tibialis anterior of the dog (in situ) has the same characteristics as the inhibitory influence of tubocurare. The deblocking action of adrenaline and prostigmine is the same for each of these three compounds. Moreover decamethonium and amyl-trimethylammonium are not antagonists of tubocurare if studied on the dog.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 279-284 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 364-364 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 386-386 
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    Notes: Résumé L'auteur a déterminé la valeur de l'activité de la cytochromoxydase dans la matrice des rats dans les diverses périodes de leur vie. Il a trouvé que cette activité est plus élevée dans les jeunes animaux, et elle diminue avec la croissance du poid de la matrice et de l'âge des animaux, jusqu'à arriver à des valeurs très petites dans les matrices des animaux adultes.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 388-389 
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    Notes: Summary Experimental grafting ofin vitro cultivated rootmeristems upon embryonal apical buds ofPisum is described.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 392-393 
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    Notes: Summary (1) It was shown that the optomotoric reaction of the ColeopteraCalandra oryzae is influenced by the existence of a stationary striped cylinder, placed inside the rotated cylinder. (2) It can be demonstrated thatCalandra oryzae, when walking in a stationary striped cylinder, reacts to the retinal image shift produced by the movement of the insect itself.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 397-399 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 400-404 
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    Notes: Summary The traditional criteria of differences between species and subspecies in botany and zoology (fertility or infertility on the one hand, morphological and physiological similarity or unsimilarity on the other) have finally proved inadequate. Species and subspecies, however, do stand in an unequivocal phylogenetic evolutionary relationship to each other. A species is the totality of subspecific subforms developed through evolution. These subforms in their (analytic or synthetic) phylogenetic relationship to each other constitute the whole of the species or “the” species. An objective categorial criterion of discrimination is determined by this unequivocality of the phylogenetic relationship. The question of the determination of species, which is treated in this article from an historical and philosophic-categorical viewpoint, is brought at the same time into connection with the proposal for a newer dynamic determination of species made by the two American biologistsCamp andGilly.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 425-425 
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    Notes: Résumé Une nouvelle méthode pour l'analyse qualitative et quantitative des acides aminés excrétés dans l'urine est décrite. L'urine, concentrée, désalifiée et débarrassée de l'urée qu'elle contient, est soumise à une chromatographie sur papier, et les acides aminés sont déterminés qualitativement ou dosés quantitativement par colorimétrie. Des traces d'acides aminés, qui ne pouvaient jusqu'ici être mises en évidence par les techniques décrites dans la littérature, peuvent facilement être détectées par cette nouvelle méthode.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 421-422 
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    Notes: Riassunto Lo spettro di assorbimento U.V. di esteri e tioesteri aromatici indica che nello stato eccitato di certi tioesteri l'atomo di zolfo fà uso d'una orbitale 3d.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 426-426 
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    Notes: Summary Embedding of cancellous bone in an acrylic resin is a suitable technique for radioautographic studies on this brittle tissue. The fixation of radiocalcium by cancellous bonein vitro occurs mainly on the newly deposited lamellae.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 424-425 
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    Notes: Summary After the injection of different monosaccharides into the phloem ofImpatiens Holstii, several sugars can be detected in the nectar usually consisting of pure saccharose. Paper chromatography indicates that besides fructose, glucose, saccharose and raffinose a new sugar called “impatiose” is secreted. Hydrolysis suggests that “impatiose” is a trisaccharide composed of two molecules of fructose and one molecule of glucose. The nectar contains enzymes which cause the transformation of sugars.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 429-430 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hefezellen, die in einem synthetischen Substrat mit verschiedenen Mengen von (NH4)2SO4 (mit Phosphatpuffer) kultiviert worden waren, wurden bestrahlt (100 kV Röntgenstrahlen). Darauf wurde die Gärung von Glukose manometrisch bestimmt. Die in einem wenig Stickstoff enthaltenden Milieu kultivierte Hefe hatte einen verminderten Stickstoffgehalt und ein erniedrigtes $$Q_{CO_2 }^{N_2 } $$ . Die Gärung solcher Hefe war nach Einwirkung kleiner Strahlendosis geringer als die Gärung normaler Hefe. Das Gärungsvermögen von Hefe mit erniedrigtem Stickstoffgehalt wurde durch eine Strahlendosis von 30 000 und 60 000 r stärker herabgesetzt als die Gärung normaler Hefer.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 435-436 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das endokrine Inselgewebe des Pankreas ist beim Igel während des Winterschlafes stark hypertrophiert. In den Inseln selbst wiederum ist der relative Mengenanteil derβ-Zellen im Winterschlaf gestiegen. Dies alles zeugt für gesteigerte Insulinsekretion während des Winterschlafes. Der Igel kann auch im Sommer in künstlichen Winterschlaf versetzt werden, indem man dem Tier Insulin-injektionen gibt und es im Eisschrank hält.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 436-437 
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    Notes: Summary The cystinamine (1591) Labaz which efficiently protects the life of mice irradiated with a lethal dose of 900 r, fatal for unprotected animals, and allows the complete recuperation of the lymphoïd tissues of these animals, is however unable to prevent ovarian atresia. This is probably due to the fact that this amount of 900 r greatly exceeds the sterilizing dose.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 463-464 
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    Notes: Summary The chromosomal sets of nineMuridae belonging to 4 underfamilies are described in this paper. TheCricetinae, Mesocricetus brandti has only 42 chromosomes and doesn't represent a subspecies ofM. auratus, but a true species. ByGerbillus pyramidum, there is multiple sexchromosomes resulting of the union of the heterochromosomesX-Y with a pair of autosomes.Nesokia indica shows striking differences fromBandicota (Makino, 1944), although the two genera are considered as very akin by the systematists.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 442-444 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei gewissen reversiblen Reaktionen wird, unter bestimmten, stark eingeschränkten, aber doch häufig vorkommenden Bedingungen, die Geschwindigkeit der Gleichgewichtseinstellung für dieHin-Reaktion nur durch die Geschwindigkeitskonstante derRück-Reaktion bestimmt. Diese besondere Anwendung des Massenwirkungsgesetzes wird an der Hemmungsentwicklung in gewissen Enzym-Inhibitor-Systemen illustriert. In einem reversiblen Enzym-Inhibitor-System, in dem der grössere Teil der Inhibitormoleküle frei bleibt, erfolgt die Einstellung eines gegebenen Hemmungsgrades um so langsamer, je fester das Inhibitormolekül im entstehenden Komplex gebunden ist. Kann der Hemmungsgrad gegen die Zeit aufgetragen werden (vom Augenblick der Mischung von Enzym und Inhibitor an gerechnet), so lässt sich aus der erhaltenen Kurve die Geschwindigkeitskonstante der Dissoziation berechnen, selbst wenn die Konzentrationen der Reaktionsteilnehmer unbekannt sind.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 460-462 
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    Notes: Summary The author reports observations made with an electron microscope on blood of 6 mice, aged 1 week, infected intracranially with poliomyelitis virus, type Lansing. The observations took place before inoculation and 5 and 8 days after it. From 6 inoculated mice, 4 got palsies and died; the remaining 2 survived. In the red blood cells from paralysed mice, it is possible to see filament formation leading to erythrocyte destruction. The filaments are like a rosary or a cord of thread.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 467-468 
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    Notes: Summary A method has been described for the demonstration of specific antibodies in the sera of hay-fever-patients. The antibodies are fixed on the surface of the pollen and a positive antiglobulin test with these coated pollengrains can be obtained with the help of a globulin-antiglobulin-lattice.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 8 (1952), S. 465-467 
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    Notes: Summary The cellular distribution and storage of protein in the tissues of the mouse was examined after intravenous injection of hen egg albumen, rabbit and mouse serum, respectively. The new microtechnical method described allows direct visualization of native proteins stored as droplets by the histiocytes of the connective tissue and by the Kupffer cells. The method is based on the fact that subsequently to fixation with gold chloride and methanol the protein droplets in the cytoplasm can be intensely stained with methylene blue eosinate. Thus it becomes possible to trace the course of the proteins in the body without any previous labelling. The main site of storage of introduced native proteins is the histiocytic system of the connective tissue. Especially foreign proteins will accumulate very rapidly and in large amounts in the histiocytes, to disappear again soon. Particular significance should be attributed to the fact that even homologous serum proteins constantly enter the reticuloendothelial cells and may be stored as granules. Together with the protein, the substances adsorbed to it gain access to the cells, offering an explanation for the reticulo-endothelial storage of acid vital dyes, of germanin and of many other important substances. It can be regarded as a general rule that every macromolecular polymer of hydrophilic character-those of natural origin, as for instance the polymeric carbohydrates, glycoproteins and proteins, as well as synthetic products like polyvinyl-pyrrolidon-enters the reticulo-endothelial cells and is stored as granules.
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