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  • Aerodynamics
  • 2010-2014
  • 1990-1994  (9)
  • 1950-1954  (14)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1992  (9)
  • 1952  (14)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2010-2014
  • 1990-1994  (9)
  • 1950-1954  (14)
  • 1945-1949
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flight of the honeybee (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 162 (1992), S. 267-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Aerodynamics ; Insect flight ; Body drag ; Drag coefficient ; Lift coefficient ; Honeybee
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Drag forces and lift forces acting on honeybee trunks were measured by using specially built sensitive mechanical balances. Measurements were made on prepared bodies in ‘good’ and in ‘bad’ flight position, with and without legs, at velocities between 0.5 and 5m·s-1 (Reynolds numbers between 4·102 and 4·103) and at angles of attack between-20° and +20°. From the forces drag coefficients and lift coefficients were calculated. The drag coefficient measured with a zero angle of attack was 0.45 at 3≤v≤5m·s-1, 0.6 at 2m·s-1, 0.9 at 1m·s-1 and 1.35 at 0.5m·s-1, thus demonstrating a pronounced effect of Reynolds number on drag. These values are about 2 times lower (better) than those of a “drag disc” with the same diameter and attacked at the same velocity. The drag coefficient (related to constant minimal frontal area) was minimal at zero angle of attack, rising symmetrically to larger (+) and smaller (-) angles of attack in a non-linear fashion. The absolute value is higher and the rise is steeper at lower speeds or Reynolds numbers, but the incremental factors are independent of Reynolds number. For example, the drag coefficient is 1.44±0.05 times higher at an angle of attack of 20° than at one of 0°. On a double-logarithmic scale the slope of the drag versus Reynolds number plot was 1.5: with decreasing Reynolds number the relationship between drag and velocity changes from quadratic (Newton's law) to linear (viscous flow). Trunk drag was not systematically increased by the legs at any velocity or Reynolds number or any angle of attack. The legs appear to shape the trunk “aerodynamically”, to form a relatively low-drag trunk-leg system. The body is able to generate dynamic lift. Highly significant positive linear correlations between lift coefficient and angle of attack were determined for the trunk-leg system in the typical flight position. Lift coefficient was +0.05 at zero angle of attack (possibly attained during very fast flight), +0.1 at 5° (attained during fast flight), +0.25 at +20° (attained during slow flight) and +0.55 at 45° (attained whilst changing over to hovering). Average slope ΔcLΔα was 0.66±0.07, and average profile efficiency was 0.10. Non-wing lift contribution due to body form and banking only accounts for a few percent of body weight during fast flight. A non-wing lift contribution due to the legs has been demonstrated. The legs increase trunk lift by 23–24%. Reynolds number lift effects are present but of no biological significance. Force and power calculations do not support maximum flight speeds substantially higher than approximately 7m · s-1 relative to the ambient air. At this speed body drag attains 35% and body lift 8.4% of the body weight, and parasite power is 5% of the maximum metabolic power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357534
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Euler solutions for self-generated rotor blade-vortex interactionsPresented as AIAA paper 90-1588 at the AIAA 20th Fluids and Plasma Dynamics Conference, Buffalo, New York, June 1990. (1992)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 15 (1992), S. 427-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Aerodynamics ; Rotor ; Blade-vortex ; Interactions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite-difference procedure has been developed for the prediction of three-dimensional rotor blade-vortex interactions. The interaction velocity field was obtained through a non-linear superposition of the rotor flow field, computed using the unsteady three-dimensional Euler equations, and the embedded vortex wake flow field, computed using the law of Biot-Savart. In the Euler model, near wake rotational effects were simulated using the surface velocity ‘transpiration’ approach. As a result, a modified surface boundary condition was prescribed and enforced at each time step of the computations to satisfy the tangency boundary condition. For supercritical interactions using an upstream-generated vortex, accuracy of the numerical results were found to rely on the user-specified vortex core radius and vortex strength. For the more general self-generated subcritical interactions, vortex wake trajectories were computed using the lifting-line helicopter/rotor trim code CAMRAD. For these interactions, accuracy of the results were found to rely heavily on the CAMRAD-predicted vortex strength, vortex orientation with respect to the blade, and to a large extent on the user-specified vortex core radius. Results for the one-seventh scale model OLS rotor and for a non-lifting rectangular blade having a NACA0012 section are presented. Comparisons with the experimental windtunnel data are also made.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650150405
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  • 3
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    Sailboard Fin Design (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-09
    Description: In high performance boardsailing, demands on the vertical fin or "skeg" often produce "spinout" - when the skeg loses horizontal lift creating a force imbalance and causing the tail of the board to slide sideways. Richard Caldwell, RACE Technology, Inc. used NASA airfoil technology to solve this problem and formed a business based on his solution. After determining that the spinout resulted from air ventilating down the low pressure side of the underwater fin, he adapted the airfoil technology to the design of a short board skeg, which would overcome the problem and lower the drag, resulting in improved performance. He patented his RACE 145 foil section, formed his company and later returned to Langley for additional technical assistance. The company's newest product is a rigid sail that also incorporates NASA technology and has excellent performance. This company no longer exists - product is no longer in production.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: Spinoff 1992; 60-61; NAA-NP-201
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  • 4
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    Characteristics of the Shuttle Orbiter Leeside Flow During A Reentry Condition (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: A study of the leeside flow characteristics of the Shuttle Orbiter is presented for a reentry flight condition. The flow is computed using a point-implicit, finite-volume scheme known as the Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm (LAURA). LAURA is a second-order accurate, laminar Navier-Stokes solver, incorporating finite-rate chemistry with a radiative equilibrium wall temperature distribution and finite-rate wall catalysis. The resulting computational solution is analyzed in terms of salient flow features and the surface quantities are compared with flight data.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: AIAA Paper 92-2951
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  • 5
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    A Boom in Boomerangs (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: Ted Bailey, a highly-ranked international boomerang designer and thrower, used information from a variety of NASA technical reports on aerodynamics and low-speed airfoils to design more competitive boomerangs. Because the boomerang is essentially an airfoil like an airplane wing, the technology transferred effectively and even contributed to the 1981 American victory over Australian throwers. In 1985, using four NASA reports, Bailey designed a new MTA (maximum time aloft) boomerang that broke the one-minute barrier, enabled throwers to throw and catch in less than three minutes and allowed competitors to complete the difficult "Super Catch" - five throw/catch sequences after launching the original boom while it is still aloft. Bailey is now considering other boomerang applications.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: Spinoff 1992; 50-53; NASA-NP-201
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  • 6
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    Aerodynamic Spring and Damping of Free-Pitching Tips on a Semispan Wing (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A test was conducted in the NASA Ames 7- by 10-Foot Wind Tunnel to derive aerodynamic spring and damping estimates for free-pitching tips on a semispan wing. The test model was a rectangular planform semispan wing with wing tips that had a single rigid-body pitch degree of freedom with respect to the inboard wing. A number of different tip planform geometries were tested, incorporating a range of quarter-chord sweep angles and taper ratios. The wing-tip dynamic response characteristics were measured at several wing angles of attack and tunnel dynamic pressures. The tip oscillations were initiated by releasing the tips from prescribed angles of attack. A new method to isolate Coulomb damping from aerodynamic damping from these tip-motion time histories is developed and applied. Correlations were performed between the experimentally derived wing-tip aerodynamic spring and damping values and predictions from a semiempirical analysis based on steady-state tip aerodynamic loads.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: AIAA Paper 92-2111 , Dynamics Specialist Conference; Apr 16, 1992 - Apr 17, 1992; Dallas, TX; United States
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  • 7
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    Wing Download Results from a Test of a 0.658-Scale V-22 Rotor and Wing (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A test of a 0.658-scale V-22 rotor and wing was conducted in the 40 x 80 Foot Wind Tunnel at Ames Research Center. One of the principal objectives of the test was to measure the wing download in hover for a variety of test configurations. The wing download and surface pressures were measured for a wide range of thrust coefficients, with five different flap angles, two nacelle angles, and both directions or rotor rotation. This paper presents these results, and describes a new method for interpreting wing surface pressure data in hover. This method shows that the wing flap can produce substantial lift loads in hover.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: May 06, 1991 - May 08, 1991; Phoenix, AZ; United States|Journal of the American Helicopter Society; 58-63
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  • 8
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    Internal Shock Interactions in Propulsion/Airframe Integrated Three-Dimensional Sidewall Compression Scramjet Inlets (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The advantages and design requirements of propulsion/airframe integration for high Mach number flight have led to extensive study of the three-dimensional sidewall compression scramjet inlet in recent years. Recent research publications have indicated testing over a broad range of Mach number (2 to 18) in a variety of test gases, such as air, helium, and tetrafluoromethane. Multiple experimental techniques have been employed to obtain detailed internal shock interaction data, performance data, and inlet starting limits. Computational fluid dynamics has been effectively used for preliminary parametric studies as well as in parallel with experiments to aid in the explanation of unusual or unexpected flow phenomena. Inlets of this genre afford a relatively simple, generic geometry while producing a highly complex, three-dimensional flow field dominated by shock/shock and shock/boundary layer interactions. While the importance of the viscous effects in high speed inlet interactions is recognized, the present work addresses in a parametric fashion the inviscid effects of leading edge sweep, sidewall compression, and inflow Mach number on the internal shock structure in terms of inlet compression and mass capture. In the process, the source of the of the Mach number invariance with leading edge sweep for a constant sidewall compression class of inlet is identified, and a previously undocumented spillage phenomenon in a constant effective wedge angle class of inlets is discussed.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: AIAA Paper 92-3099 , AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit; Jul 06, 1992 - Jul 08, 1992; Nashville, TN; United States
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  • 9
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    Direct Monte Carlo Simulations of Hypersonic Low-Density Flows about an ASTV Including Wake Structure (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Results of a numerical study concerning flow past a 70-deg blunted cone in hypersonic low-density flow environments are presented using the direct simulation Monte-Carlo method. The flow conditions simulated are those that can be obtained in existing low-density hypersonic wind tunnels. Results indicate that a stable vortex forms in the near wake at and below a freestream Knudsen number (based on cone diameter) of 0.01 and the size of the vortex increases with decreasing Knudsen number. The base region of the flow remains in thermal nonequilibrium for all cases considered herein.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-TM-111529 , NAS 1.15:111529
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  • 10
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    A Correlation by Means of the Transonic Similarity Rules of the Experimentally Determined Characteristics of 22 Rectangular Wings of Symmetrical Profile (1952)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The transonic similarity rules have been applied to the correlation of experimental data for a series of 22 rectangular wings having symmetrical NACA 63A-series sections, aspect ratios from 1/2 to 6, and thicknesses from 2 to 10 percent. The data were obtained by use of the transonic bump technique over a Mach number range from 0.40 to 1.10, corresponding to a Reynolds number range from 1.25 to 2.05 million. The results show that it is possible to correlate experimental data throughout the subsonic, transonic, and moderate supersonic regimes by using the transonic similarity parameters in forms which are consistent with the Prandtl-Glauert rule of linearized theory. The multiple families of basic data curves for the various aspect ratios and thickness ratios have been summarized in single presentations involving only one geometric variable - the product of the aspect ratio and the l/3 power of the thickness ratio.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-A51L17b
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  • 11
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    Experimental Study of Isothermal Wake-Flow Characteristics of Various Flame-Holder Shapes (1952)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An investigation of the isothermal wake-flow characteristics of several flame-holder shapes was carried out in a 4- by 4-inch flow chamber. The effects of flame-holder-shape changes on the characteristics of the Karman vortices and thus on the recirculation zones to which experimenters have related the combustion process were obtained for several flame holders. The results may furnish a basis of correlation, of combustion efficiency and stability for similarly shaped flame holders in combustion studies. Values of the spacing ratio-(ratio of lateral spacing to longitudinal spacing of vortices] obtained for the various shapes approximated the theoretical value of 0.36 given by the Karman stability analysis. Variations in vortex strength of more than 200 percent and in frequency of more than 60 percent were accomplished by varying flame-holder shape. A maximum increase in the recirculation parameter of 56 percent over that for a conventional V-gutter was also obtained. Varying flameholder shape and size enables the designer to select many schedules of variations in vortex strength and frequency- not obtainable by changing size only and may make it possible to approach theoretical maximum vortex strength for any given frequency.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-E51K07 , E-2403
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  • 12
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    Flight Characteristics of a 1/4-Scale Model of the XFV-1 Airplane (TED No. NACA DE-378) (1952)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: A l/4-scale dynamically similar model of the XFV-1 airplane has been flown in the Ames 40- by 80-foot wind tunnel, using the trailing flight-cable technique. This investigation was devoted to establishing the flight characteristics of the model in forward flight from hovering to wing stall, and in yawed flight (wing span alined with the relative wind) from hovering to the maximum speed at which controlled flight could be maintained. Landings, take-offs, and hovering characteristics in flights close to the ground were also investigated.. Since the remote control system for the model was rather complicated and provided artificial damping about the pitch, roll, and yaw axes, sufficient data from the control-system calibration tests are included in this report to specify the performance of the control system in relation to both the model flight tests and the design of an automatic control system for the full-scale airplane. The model in hovering flight appeared to be neutrally stable. The response of the model to the controls was very rapid, and it was always necessary to provide some amount of artificial damping to maintain control. The model could be landed with little difficulty by hovering approximately a foot above the floor and then cutting the power. Take-offs were more difficult to perform, primarily because the rate of change in power to the model motors was limited by the characteristics of the available power source. The model was,capable of controlled yawed flight at translational velocities up to and including 20 feet per second. The effectiveness of the controls decreased with increasing speed, however, and at 25 fps control in pitch, and probably roll, was lost completely. The model was flown in controlled forward flight from hovering up to 70 fps. During these flights the model appeared to be more difficult to control in yaw than it was in pitch or roll. The flights of the model were recorded by motion picture cameras. These motion pictures are available on loan from NACA Headquarters as a film supplement to this report.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SA52J15
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  • 13
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    Small-Scale Transonic Investigation of the Effects of Partial-Span Leading-Edge Camber on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of a 50 Deg 38' Sweptback Wing of Aspect Ratio 2.98 (1952)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: A small-scale transonic investigation of two semispan wings of the same plan form was made in the Langley high-speed 7- by 10-foot tunnel through a Mach number range of 0.70 to 1.10 and a mean-test Reynolds number range of 745,000 to 845,000 to determine the effects of partial-span leading-edge camber on the aerodynamic characteristics of a swept-back wing. This paper presents the results of the investigation of wing-alone and wing-fuselage configurations of the two wings; one, was an uncambered wing and the other had the forward 45 percent of the chord cambered over the outboard 55 percent of the span. The semispan wings had 50deg 38ft sweepback of their quarter-chord lines, aspect ratio of 2.98, taper ratio of 0.45, and modified NACA 64A-series airfoil sections tapered in thickness ratio. Lift, drag, pitching moment, and root-bending moment were obtained for these configurations. The results indicated that, for the wing-alone configuration, use of the partial-span leading-edge camber provided an increase in maximum lift-drag ratios up to a Mach number of 0.95, after which no gain was realized. For the wing-fuselage combination, the partial-span leading-edge camber appeared to cause no gain in maximum lift-drag ratio throughout the test range of Mach numbers. The lift-curve slopes of the partial-span leading-edge camber configurations indicated no significant change over the basic configurations in the subsonic range but resulted in slight reductions at the higher Mach numbers. No significantly large changes in pitching-moment-curve slopes or lateral center of additional loading were indicated because of the modification.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L52D08A
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  • 14
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    Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the Low-Speed Static Longitudinal Characteristics of the Republic RF-84F Airplane (1952)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Tests in the Ames 40- by 80-foot wind tunnel of the static longitudinal characteristics of the Republic RF-84F were made to determine both the origin and a suitable remedy for a pitch up tendency of the airplane encountered at moderate lift coefficients. The results indicated that the pitch-up at moderate lift coefficients was caused by an abrupt change in downwash at the tail which in turn was traceable presumably to flow conditions associated with the inlet-to-wing leading-edge discontinuity.. Attempts to eliminate this pitch-up characteristic with various fairings and stall-control devices. were not wholly successful. The investigation revealed, however, that significant gains in the performance of the airplane could be achieved in the upper lift range.. Three different configurations consisting of a partial-span modified leading edge combined with one or with two-fenees or a leading-edge extension each delayed the onset of separation to higher lift coefficients and provided large improvements in the stability of the airplane in the upper lift range.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SA52H04
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  • 15
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    Tests at Mach Number 1.62 of a Series of Missile Configurations Having Tandem Cruciform Lifting Surfaces (1952)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: An investigation at a Mach number of 1.62 was made in the Langley 9-inch supersonic tunnel of a series of missile configurations having tandem lifting surfaces of low aspect ratio and of newly equal span. Some of the variables investigated were interdigitation angle, wing and tail plan form, and longitudinal location of wing with respect to tail. All configurations were tested through an angle-of-attack range from -5 deg to 15 deg at roll angles of 0 deg and 45 deg. Lift, drag, and pitching moment data are presented, together with center-of-pressure locations and tail-lift efficiency factors.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L51J15
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  • 16
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    An Approximate Method of Calculating the Deformations of Wings Having Swept, M or W, A, and Swept-Tip Plan Forms (1952)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An approximate method of calculating the deformations of wings of uniform thickness having swept, M or W, Delta, and swept-tip plan forms is presented. The method employs an adjustment to the elementary beam theory to account for the effect of the triangular root portion of a swept wing on the deformation of the outboard section of the wing. To demonstrate the general applicability of the method, the modified elementary theory is applied to the more complex M or W, Delta, and swept-tip plan forms as well as to swept plan forms. For the purpose of calculating angles of attack, it is shown that the unmodified elementary beam theory applied to that part of the wing outboard of the root triangle produces satisfactory results. However, for calculating deflections it is necessary to include the effects of the root-triangle deformation.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L53A23
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  • 17
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    The Use of the Rolled-up Vortex Concept for Predicting Wing-tail Interference and Comparison with Experiment at Mach Number of 1.62 for a Series of Missile Configurations Having Tandem Cruciform Lifting Surfaces (1952)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: The method for predicting wing- tail interference whereby the trailing vortex system behind lifting wings is replaced by fully rolled-up vortices has been applied to the calculation of tail efficiency parameters, lift characteristics, and center -of-pressure locations for a series of generalized missile configurations. The calculations have been carried out with assumed and experimental vortex locations, and comparisons made with experimental data. The measured spanwise locations of the vortices for the inline case were found to be in good agreement with the asymptotic values computed from the center of gravity of the vorticity using the method of Lagerstrom and Graham. For the interdigitated configurations the measured spanwise locations were in only fair agreement with the asymptotic locations computed for the inline case. The vertical displacement of the vortices with angle of attack for both inline and interdigitated configurations was small. The method utilizing the rolled -up vortex concept was shown to give good results in the prediction of tail efficiency variations with angle of attack for inline configurations. Not as good correlation with experiment was shown for the interdigitated configurations. Complete configuration lift -curve slopes and center -of-pressure locations, obtained using t ail efficiency calculations together with the characteristics of the components obtained from available theoretical methods, showed excellent correlation with experimental results.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L52H05
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  • 18
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    Longitudinal Stability and Control Characteristics from a Flight Investigation of a Cruciform Canard Missile Configuration Having an Exposed Wing-canard Area Ratio of 16:1 (1952)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: A flight investigation has been made to determine the longitudinal stability and control characteristics of a 60 0 delta-wing-canard missile configuration with an exposed wing-canard area ratio of 16:1. The results presented include the longitudinal stability derivatives, control effectiveness, and drag characteristics for a Mach number range of 0.75 to 1.80 and are compared with the results of a similar configuration having larger 6ontrols. Stability characteristics are also presented from the flights of an interdigitated canard configuration at a Mach number of 2.08 and a wing-body configuration at Mach numbers of 1.25 to 1.45. The stability derivatives varied gradually with Mach number with the exception of the damping-in-pitch derivative. Aerodynamic damping in pitch decreased to a minimum at a Mach number of 1.0 3, then increased to a peak value at a Mach number of 1.26 followed by a gradual decrease at higher Mach numbers. The aerodynamic-center location of the in-line canard configuration shifted rearward 13 percent of the mean aerodynamic chord at transonic speeds. The pitching-moment curve slope was 25 percent greater for the model having no canards than for the in-line configuration. No large effects of interdigitation were noted in the stability derivatives. Pitching effectiveness of the in-line configuration was maintained throughout the Mach number range. A comparison of the stability and control characteristics of two canard configurations having different area controls showed that decreasing the control area 44 percent decreased the pitching effectiveness proportionally, shifted the aerodynamic-center location rearward 9 to 14 percent of the mean aerodynamic chord, and reduced the total hinge moments required for 10 trimmed flight about 50 percent at transonic speeds.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L52D24a
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  • 19
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    Combustion in the Wake as a Means of Body-Drag Reduction as Determined from Free-Flight Tests of 40-Millimeter Shells (1952)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The results of free-flight drag tests of 40-millimeter shells conducted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics for the Ballistic Research Laboratories, Ordnance Department, U. S. Army, are presented. A drag reduction at supersonic speeds of approximately 20 percent of the projectile's drag was obtained by combustion in the wake of the projectile in flight.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL53D01A
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  • 20
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    Investigation in the Ames Supersonic Free-Flight Wind Tunnel of the Static Longitudinal Stability of the Hermes A-3B Missile at a Mach Number of 5.0 (1952)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Models of the Hermes A-3B missile were tested in the Ames supersonic free-flight wind tunnel to determine the static-longitudinal-stability characteristics at a Mach number of 5.0 and a Reynolds number based on body length of 10 million. The results indicated that the model center of pressure was 45.3 percent of the body length aft of the nose and the lift-curve slope based on body frontal area was 0.064 per degree. Estimates indicated that the effect on these characteristics of aeroelastic twisting of the model fins was small but important if a precise location of center of pressure is required. A comparison of the test results with predictions based on available theory showed that the theory was useful only for rough estimates, The drag coefficient at zero lift, based on body frontal area, was found to be 0.155.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SA52C10
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  • 21
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    Low-Speed Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the Drag of a Lockheed F-94C Airplane (A.F. No. 50-956) (1952)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The aerodynamic characteristics in pitch of an F-94C airplane, with the primary attention given to its drag characteristics, have been evaluated at low speed in the Ames 40- by 80-foot wind tunnel. The increments of drag due to various surface irregularities, ports, and component parts of the production airplane were determined. Wing-wake surveys were taken to determine the section drag coefficients at midsemispan for the smooth and the production wing. Base-pressure and internal drags of the air-induction system were measured at low inlet-velocity ratios. The characteristics of the airplane in the landing configuration are also included.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SA52D25
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  • 22
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    Effect of Various Blade Modifications in Performance of a 16-Stage Axial-flow Compressor. IV - Effect on Over-all Performance Characteristics of Decreasing Twelfth through Fifteenth Stage Stator-blade Angles 3 deg and Increasing Stator Angles in the Inlet Stages (1952)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The performance of a 16-stage axial-flow compressor, in which two modifications of unloaded inlet stages were combined with loaded exit stages, has been determined. In the first modification the exit stages were loaded by decreasing the twelfth through fifteenth stage stator angles 3 deg. as compared with the blade angles in the original compressor, and the inlet stages were unloaded by increasing the blade angles the following amounts: guide vanes and first-stage stator, 6 deg; second- and third-stage stators, 4 deg.; and fourth-stage stators, 3 deg. The over-all performance of this configuration was compared with that of the compressor with the original blade angles. The peak efficiency was increased at all speeds below design and the weight flow was higher at speeds below 80 percent of design, the same at 80 percent of design, and lower at speeds abovce 80 percent of design. The maximum reduction in weight flow occurred at design speed. The surge limit line was higher at speeds between 75 and 90 percent of design when presented on a pressure ratio against weight flow basis. The second configuration was the same as the first with the exception that the second-, third-, and fourth-stage stator blade angles were the same as in the compressor with the original blade angles. A comparison of the performance of this configuration with that of the compressor with the original blade angles showed the same general trends of changes in performance as the first configuration. Comparisons were made of compressor configurations to show the effects upon the performance of decreased loading in the inlet stages. Below 75 percent of design speed, decreased loading results in increased weight flow and peak efficiency; above 80 percent of design speed, decreased loading in the inlet stages results in decreased weight flow and small changes in peak efficiencies. Between 75 and 90 percent of design the changes in surge weight flow and pressure ratio were such that the surge limit line was raised with decreased loading in the inlet stages when presented as pressure ratio against weight flow.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-E53C14
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 23
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    As Investigation at Mach Numbers of 1.41 and 2.01 of the Aerodynamic Characteristics of an 0.025-scale Model of the MX-1712 (1952)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: An investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of an 0.025-scale model of the MX-1712 configuration has been conducted in the Langley 4- by 4-foot supersonic pressure tunnel. The tests were performed at Mach numbers of 1.41 and 2.01 at a Reynolds number of approximately 2.6 x 10(exp 6) based on the wing mean aerodynamic chord The MX-1712 is a proposed swept-wing, jet-powered supersonic bomber aircraft. The wing is of aspect ratio 3.5, taper ratio 0.2, and thickness ratio 5.5 percent (streamwise) and has 47deg sweep of the quarter-chord line. The longitudinal and lateral force characteristics of the model and various combinations of its components, including several nacelle installations, were investigated. The effects of a modified wing, two horizontal tail positions, and a shortened fuselage were also studied. The results obtained from these investigations are presented in this report. The aerodynamic investigation of this model disclosed no unusual stability characteristics or Mach number effects. The choice of nacelle installations appears to be a major decision, one greatly affecting the performance of the airplane, At M = 1.41 and C(sub L) = 0.1, the buried nacelles increased the drag of the basic model by 9 percent, while the best pod nacelles increased the drag of the basic model by 27 percent.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL52J17
    Format: application/pdf
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