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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 17 (1996), S. 335-342 
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  A three dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes analysis capable of computing flows around wings and rotors with partial-span flaps or slats is described. This analysis is cast in a moving body-fitted coordinate system permitting arbitrary motion of the solid surfaces to be directly modeled. This methodology is validated through several single and multi-element rotor and wing configurations. The analysis is subsequently applied to two helicopter rotors. The effects of leading edge slats on the aerodynamic performance of these rotors in hover is studied. It is demonstrated that leading edge slats can significantly improve the hover performance at high pitch settings, with an increase in thrust and a reduction in torque. At low pitch settings, the slats were found to be detrimental to the rotor performance. Many practical issues such as surface imperfections, proper sealing of the slat during retraction, control loads and other implementation aspects should be carefully evaluated in the event of a practical design of a slat. However, in the present study only the aerodynamic effects of slats are addressed and no practical issues are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 17 (1996), S. 335-342 
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A three dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes analysis capable of computing flows around wings and rotors with partial-span flaps or slats is described. This analysis is cast in a moving body-fitted coordinate system permitting arbitrary motion of the solid surfaces to be directly modeled. This methodology is validated through several single and multi-element rotor and wing configurations. The analysis is subsequently applied to two helicopter rotors. The effects of leading edge slats on the aerodynamic performance of these rotors in hover is studied. It is demonstrated that leading edge slats can significantly improve the hover performance at high pitch settings, with an increase in thrust and a reduction in torque. At low pitch settings, the slats were found to be detrimental to the rotor performance. Many practical issues such as surface imperfections, proper sealing of the slat during retraction, control loads and other implementation aspects should be carefully evaluated in the event of a practical design of a slat. However, in the present study only the aerodynamic effects of slats are addressed and no practical issues are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 15 (1992), S. 427-451 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Aerodynamics ; Rotor ; Blade-vortex ; Interactions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite-difference procedure has been developed for the prediction of three-dimensional rotor blade-vortex interactions. The interaction velocity field was obtained through a non-linear superposition of the rotor flow field, computed using the unsteady three-dimensional Euler equations, and the embedded vortex wake flow field, computed using the law of Biot-Savart. In the Euler model, near wake rotational effects were simulated using the surface velocity ‘transpiration’ approach. As a result, a modified surface boundary condition was prescribed and enforced at each time step of the computations to satisfy the tangency boundary condition. For supercritical interactions using an upstream-generated vortex, accuracy of the numerical results were found to rely on the user-specified vortex core radius and vortex strength. For the more general self-generated subcritical interactions, vortex wake trajectories were computed using the lifting-line helicopter/rotor trim code CAMRAD. For these interactions, accuracy of the results were found to rely heavily on the CAMRAD-predicted vortex strength, vortex orientation with respect to the blade, and to a large extent on the user-specified vortex core radius. Results for the one-seventh scale model OLS rotor and for a non-lifting rectangular blade having a NACA0012 section are presented. Comparisons with the experimental windtunnel data are also made.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An airfoil design procedure is described that was incorporated into an existing 2-D Navier-Stokes airfoil analysis method. The resulting design method, an iterative procedure based on a residual-correction algorithm, permits the automated design of airfoil sections with prescribed surface pressure distributions. The inverse design method and the technique used to specify target pressure distributions are described. It presents several example problems to demonstrate application of the design procedure. It shows that this inverse design method develops useful airfoil configurations with a reasonable expenditure of computer resources.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 28; 216-224
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A solution procedure is presented for the lifting transonic flow past modern rotor configurations in forward flight. In this procedure, the three-dimensional, unsteady Euler equations are solved in strong conservation form on a body-fitted moving coordinate system. A hybrid procedure of second order spatial accuracy and first order temporal accuracy is used to integrate the governing equations. In lifting flows, the effect of the elements of wake not captured by the computational procedure, and other aeroelastic effects are accounted for as local angle of attack corrections. Detailed comparisons with experimental data are presented for a 1/7 scale model of the Cobra OLS rotor, and for a three-bladed rotor tested in France. Some preliminary results are also presented for a three-dimensional blade vortex interaction problem.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: The sectional and total aerodynamic load characteristics of moderate aspect ratio wings with and without simulated glaze leading edge ice were studied both computationally, using a three dimensional, compressible Navier-Stokes solver, and experimentally. The wing has an untwisted, untapered planform shape with NACA 0012 airfoil section. The wing has an unswept and swept configuration with aspect ratios of 4.06 and 5.0. Comparisons of computed surface pressures and sectional loads with experimental data for identical configurations are given. The abrupt decrease in stall angle of attack for the wing, as a result of the leading edge ice formation, was demonstrated numerically and experimentally.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: AGARD, Effects of Adverse Weather on Aerodynamics; 15 p
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An increasing amount of research activity in computational fluid dynamics has been devoted to the development of efficient algorithms for parallel computing systems. The increasing performance to price ratio of engineering workstations has led to research to development procedures for implementing a parallel computing system composed of distributed workstations. This thesis proposal outlines an ongoing research program to develop efficient strategies for performing three-dimensional flow analysis on distributed computing systems. The PVM parallel programming interface was used to modify an existing three-dimensional flow solver, the TEAM code developed by Lockheed for the Air Force, to function as a parallel flow solver on clusters of workstations. Steady flow solutions were generated for three different wing and body geometries to validate the code and evaluate code performance. The proposed research will extend the parallel code development to determine the most efficient strategies for unsteady flow simulations.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-CR-195249 , NAS 1.26:195249
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A generalized minimum residual scheme (GMRES), previously developed for solving nonlinear and linear systems of equations, has been applied to the numerical solution of 2D unsteady compressible flows. It is found that the use of GMRES significantly increases the time step that may be used, compared to noniterative implicit schemes. The feasibility of reducing the memory requirements of the GMRES scheme using a multigrid strategy has also been explored. Several sample steady and unsteady viscous flow applications are presented.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 92-0422
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A full Navier-Stokes solver has been used to model transonic flow over three airfoil sections. The method uses a two-dimensional, implicit, conservative finite difference scheme for solving the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Results are presented as prescribed for the Viscous Transonic Airfoil Workshop to be held at the AIAA 25th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. The NACA 0012, RAE 2822 and Jones airfoils have been investigated for both attached and separated transonic flows. Predictions for pressure distributions, loads, skin friction coefficients, boundary layer displacement thickness and velocity profiles are included and compared with experimental data when possible. Overall, the results are in good agreement with experimental data.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-TM-88912 , E-3340 , NAS 1.15:88912 , AIAA PAPER 87-0420
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An improved hybrid method for computing unsteady compressible viscous flows is presented. This method divides the computational domain into two zones. In the outer zone, the unsteady full-potential equation (FPE) is solved. In the inner zone, the Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a diagonal form of an alternating-direction implicit (ADI) approximate factorization procedure. The two zones are tightly coupled so that steady and unsteady flows may be efficiently solved. Characteristic-based viscous/inviscid interface boundary conditions are employed to avoid spurious reflections at that interface. The resulting CPU times are less than 60 percent of that required for a full-blown Navier-Stokes analysis for steady flow applications and about 60 percent of the Navier-Stokes CPU times for unsteady flows in non-vector processing machines. Applications of the method are presented for a rectangular NACA 0012 wing in low subsonic steady flow at moderate and high angles of attack, and for an F-5 wing in steady and unsteady subsonic and transonic flows. Steady surface pressures are in very good agreement with experimental data and are essentially identical to Navier-Stokes predictions. Density contours show that shocks cross the viscous/inviscid interface smoothly, so that the accuracy of full Navier-Stokes equations can be retained with a significant savings in computational time.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-197102 , NAS 1.26:197102
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