Call number:
ZSP-202-27
In:
Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 27
Description / Table of Contents:
Summary: The results of a study on the feasibility of mapping selected snow-cover characteristics for military purposes, taking into account both current synoptic and average conditions, are reported in detail. Problems associated with the construction of isolines for depicting individual or combination of snow-cover conditions are discussed; the need for other statistical parameters in addition to the means is stressed; and the adaptation of frequency and variability indices is suggested. The use of a regional technique, which identified areas somewhat homogenous or substantially different from adjacent areas, is investigated. Problems in mapping snow density are also considered as well as the possibility of estimating snow density from meteorological data. Three sets of codes for the systematic recording and transmission of data are proposed, including a code for ground observers, a simplified code for use where no instruments or trained personnel are available, and a code for aerial observations.
Type of Medium:
Series available for loan
Pages:
vi, 92 Seiten
,
Illustrationen
,
27 cm
Series Statement:
Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 27
URL:
https://hdl.handle.net/11681/2732
Language:
English
Note:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
INTRODUCTION
Chapter I. APPLICATION OF ISOLINES FOR DEPICTING ASPECTS OF THE SNOW COVER
Visual Problems
Use of a simplified base map
Other solutions
Substantive Problems
Observational errors
Sampling errors
Bias error
Effect of reliability of data on isolines
Conclusion
The ''reasoned distribution''
Effects of substantive problems
Conclusion
II. DEVELOPMENT OF OTHER MEASURES, INDICES, AND METHODS FOR DEPICTING SNOW COVER CONDITIONS
Examples of Possible Normal Indices of Snow Cover
Average snow depth at end of the maximum month
Average monthly snow depths by superimposed or located line graphs
Time aspects
Snowfall
Selected Statistical Parameters of a Particular Value
Extreme values
Frequency values
Measures of variability
Conclusion
III. SNOW REGIONS: AN APPROACH TO MAPPING SNOW COVER
Snow Region Concept
Descriptions of Snow Regions
1. Pacific Coast and Coastal Valley Region
2. The Mountain Zone
3. Great Plains Region
4. The Mackenzie-Manitoba Region
5. Upper Ontario Region
6. Northern Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Region
7. Labrador Region
8. The Northern Arctic Region
9. Ungava-Baffinland Region
Conclusions
IV. CURRENT SNOW DATA MAPS
Introduction
Ground Observer's Code
Suggested code for "Ground Observer's Snow Report" Comments
Symbols for a comprehensive station model
Air Observation Code
Comments
Station Model for Aircraft Snow Observations
A Simplified Snow Observation Report .
Introduction
Proposed code and symbols for station model based on Simplified Snow Observation Report
Conclusion
Chapter V. MAPPING SNOW DENSITY
Introduction
Limitations of Data for Mapping Available data
Reliability of the data
Natural variations in density
Snow Density Maps of Eastern Canada
Statistical Investigation of Density: Eastern Canada
Test for area differences
Estimating regional trends in density: Orthogonal polynomials
Regional density changes during the winter
Conclusions: Statistical investigations
Estimating Snow Density from Meteorological Data
Relation of density to wind speed and temperature
Application of Dmitrieva's equation
Conclusion
VI. CONCLUSION
Snow Cover Maps: Small Scale Compilations of Various Aspects of Their Parameters
Preparation of Synoptic Current Snow Data Maps
Snow Density Research
Investigation of Drift and Erosional Surfaces
Initiation of Systematic Collection and Recording of Snow Data Internationally
Research Reports Based on Existing Literature .
Location:
AWI Archive
Branch Library:
AWI Library
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