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  • Articles  (88)
  • Emerald  (88)
  • 2020-2024
  • 1990-1994  (88)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1950-1954
  • 1994  (88)
  • 1993
  • 1950
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (48)
  • Sociology  (40)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cholesterol: A Current Perspective (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 8-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The health problem commonly associated with consuming a diet rich incholesterol - what is generally termed atherosclerosis - is widespread inthe Western world and the single most prevalent cause of death. Publicawareness about cholesterol is, however, patchy owing to conflicting andconfusing information in the media. Attempts to give an understandingabout chemical composition, the mode of presence, metabolism, and othergeneral current information and practices about cholesterol and how itmay be controlled to maintain safe levels in the body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410048910
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrition Research at South Bank University (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 24-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Looks at the funding of research projects, with special reference tonutrition research, at South Bank University, and recent developments inpostgraduate activity in this field, emphasizing particularly the valueof team work. Further projects are under way and collaboration withexternal organizations is sedulously fostered. Examines also theconsultancy opportunities, which have enabled researchers to financeextras like computers. All this clearly portends a bright future for thenutrition initiative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410048938
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Healthy Dim Sum (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 15-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reviews the Chinese dish, dim sum, in the light of healthy eatingrecommendations, especially cooking methods, use of ingredients and thefat and sugar intake. Notes in conclusion that, with over 100 varietiesof dim sum, many modifications are still required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410056371
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Technologies in Food Preservation and Processing: Part II (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 20-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The exploitation of new technologies and effective technology transferare vital ingredients for the long-term competitiveness of allorganizations. When referring to developments in food technologies, theuse of the term "new" will mainly be in the context of new to the userrather than new to science. Provides a brief overview of some of therecently established processes such as ohmic heating, microwavesterilization and novel methods to decontaminate herbs and spices, whichare starting to have an impact on the food industry. Highlightsdevelopments in emerging technologies and discusses the implications ofhigh pressure, ultrasound, electric field and intense light treatmentstogether with novel slicing techniques with regard to their potentialfor food processing in the next century.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410048965
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary Advice for African-Caribbean People with Diabetes (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The prevalence of diabetes in the African-Caribbean community appears tobe 2.2 per cent. Discusses the main dietary recommendations for diabetesand outlines meal patterns but carefully states that generalizationscannot be made and individuals vary considerably in their eating habits.Gives practical dietary advice. The main guidelines are: encouragetraditional foods; modify cooking methods; reduce intake of cheap, fattycuts of meat; eat more traditional dishes which include beans andlentils; eat fewer sugar-rich Caribbean specialities and remove excesssalt from commonly consumed saltfish. Further information is availablefrom the British Diabetic Association.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410055110
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors that Affect Food Choice (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 15-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Calls to adopt a healthier diet are a key part of current healthpolicies. Argues, however, that what people eat is more than a matter ofnutritional value. While economic constraints are vital in determiningfood choice, we need also to take account of the social and culturalmeanings of food and eating. Food is an important marker of identity atmany different levels: national, regional, familial and individual. Forthe individual, gender, class and ethnicity also define the parameterswithin which choices are made. Popular concepts about what is healthy orgood are similarly important. While health policies tell people whatthey should eat, any attempt to change people's diet requires anunderstanding of these complex factors that govern food choice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659310060142
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Chemistry of Flour and Bread (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 22-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Concentrates on the type and importance of flour proteins by discussingtheir structure and evaluating their function in bread making. Intendsto introduce the reader to some of the complex interactions which takeplace during the preparation of bread by discussing some of the chemicaland physical changes which are involved in bread making. Examines thecomposition of wheat flour and discusses an explanation of itssuitability as a bread-making flour. Emphasizes the importance ofprotein type in flour and how these proteins can be identified in flour.Explains the development of the gluten network, essential for theproduction of bread.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410055075
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What Do 14 to 16-year-olds Know and Think about Biotechnology? (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 29-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The knowledge and attitudes of GCSE students towards biotechnology andgenetic engineering were investigated in a survey of 118 14 to16-year-old students. One-third of the sample did not know whatbiotechnology or genetic engineering was, and nearly half the samplecould not give examples of either. Student attitudes werecontext-dependent: there was broad approval of genetic engineeringapplied to microbes and plants but not of its application to animals.There were high levels of uncertainty of opinion where eating theproducts of genetic engineering was concerned. Teaching about thesetopics led to decreased uncertainty and enhanced approval of geneticengineering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410055101
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food Industry Responses to the Health of the Nation (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 13-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Discusses the Eat Well Action Plan, devised by the Nutrition Task Force,which was published in 1994, to help achieve the Health of the Nation'stargets on diet and health. The food industry is encouraged to undertakea "fat audit" of all products to identify the opportunities for fatreductions. In addition increased usage of fruits, vegetables andstarchy staples, a move to full nutrition labelling, and marketingpractices conducive to healthy food choices are also important. Emphasisis placed on a total diet approach to enjoyable eating and drinking,involving balance, taste, variety and moderation within a healthy,active lifestyle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659310060133
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrition and Health Issues: Expert Opinion - in Harmony or Disagreement? (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The media often portrays nutritional opinions to be in disagreement inrelation to the links between diet and health. As part of a largersponsored study, the authors had the opportunity to question, in astructured way, leading experts in the field of nutrition and health.Gives an analysis of the results, which revealed that experts werelargely in agreement over the basic issues, with only peripheral areasshowing a measure of controversy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659310060179
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The National Food Guide: The Tilted Plate Performs Best, but What Do the Health Educators Think? (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As part of its research into a National Food Guide (NFG) for the UK, theHealth Education Authority reveals an experimental methodology intoconsumers' understanding and recall of food-for-health information whenpresented in different ways, as well as a qualitative approach to assessconsumer preferences for the format and title of the guide. A parallel,smaller study was undertaken involving health educators. Describes thefindings of these studies and finds that the views of consumers andprofessionals are different in a variety of respects. Concludes with thehope that "The National Food Guide - The Balance of Good Health" will bewelcomed by health and nutrition educators and will help reducemisinformation and misunderstanding among consumers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410065740
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemistry in the Kitchen - Fruit and Vegetables 1 (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 25-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Investigates the factors which determine the quality attribute oftexture. Discusses the contribution the various types of plant cellsmake to the texture of fruit and vegetables and analyses in more detailindividual plant cells and their characteristics which contribute totexture. Emphasizes the importance to texture of the chemical compositessuch as the concentration and types of macromolecules in the plant cellwall and the water bound to these polymers. Looks at factors influencingthe texture of fruit and vegetables after harvesting, such as storageand cooking, in terms of the chemical and physical changes which occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410065821
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Children's Perceptions of Sweets in Their Food Culture:: Comparisons between England and Germany (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 10-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A survey of 259 primary school children in England and Germany ofvarying social background was performed to assess the children'sattitudes to sweet consumption and particularly to their perception (howthey make sense of information they receive) of sweets in their foodculture. There were highly significant differences in the children'sattitudes to sweet consumption between the two cultures with morechildren in Germany saying we should eat more (30 per cent) comparedwith those in England (7 per cent). Children's perceptions of sweetsalso differed significantly between cultures. These differences inattitude and perception of sweets, particularly chocolate, between thetwo cultures imply differences in educational and other influences onthe children in their early (primary) years.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410069656
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iron Deficiency - A Concern for Infants of the 1990s (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 24-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Discusses the situation in Britain of iron deficiency among children andpresents several causes for this. Suggests ideas for parents to helpavoid iron deficiency in their children. Presents results of a study,and sources for further information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410069692
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Children in Focus (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 29-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Presents new findings in the field of nutrition research from theconference, Children in Focus, organized by the National Dairy Council.Expert speakers address vital issues on how children feel and learnabout food and how to persuade them to improve their diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659310051197
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Technologies in Food Preservation and Processing: Part III (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 26-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The exploitation of new technologies and effective technology transferare vital ingredients for the long-term competitiveness of allorganizations. When referring to developments in food technologies, theuse of the term "newrdquo; will mainly be in the context of new to theuser rather than new to science. This final part highlights developmentsin emerging technologies and discusses the implications of electricfield and intense light treatments together with novel slicingtechniques with regard to their potential for food processing in thenext century.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659310051133
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The "Eating for Pregnancy" Helpline Service (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 8-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Provides details on one of the functions of the Centre for PregnancyNutrition at the University of Sheffield, namely the running of anationwide helpline service (the "Eating for Pregnancy" Helpline). Thisservice is available to the public, professionals working withpre-pregnant, pregnant and lactating women, fellow researchers and themedia, and provides information on all aspects of nutrition throughpre-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation. Describes by whom the servicehas been used during the first 28 months of its existence (September1991-December 1993), a breakdown of the type of enquiries which havebeen received and, in the main, a summary of the advice which is givenin response to the most common enquiries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410055048
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Healthy Diet: Whose Responsibility? (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 29-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Focuses on particular aspects of a healthy life style, diet and eatingbehaviours. Specifically considers the role which catering managers playin the provision of healthy food, the main proposition of the discussionbeing that this group has an important contribution to make in theestablishment and maintenance of a healthy diet. Commences with aconsideration of the responsibilities of catering managers and thefactors which influence food selection. Then proceeds to examine theresults of a recent research programme which surveyed attitudes,knowledge and behaviour of final year hospitality management students.These students are likely to find employment in the hospitalityindustry, many as food and beverage managers and, as such will beinvolved in planning menus and providing meals for the population acrossa wide variety of sectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410048947
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteoporosis: A Multifactorial Disease (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Examines the current understanding of the causes of osteoporosis, whichinclude genetic factors, gender, age, inadequate consumption of calcium,inadequate exposure to ultraviolet light coupled with inadequateconsumption of Vitamin D, lack of exercise, hormonal deficiency, smokingand alcohol and caffeine consumption. There is a complexinterrelationship between all these factors which results in a low peakbone mass prior to the onset of the menopause. An accelerated rate ofloss of bone at this stage results in fragile bones in many women whobecome susceptible to fractures of the pelvis, vertebrae and distalforearm. An examination of the diet of the UK population indicates that,although the current consumption of calcium and Vitamin D appears to beadequate to prevent deficiency diseases, there are substantialsubsections of the population whose diet or lifestyle indicate a majorrisk of developing osteoporosis in later life. In view of these factorsit would be prudent to encourage children and young people to developthe habit of taking enjoyable exercise to continue through life, andthat older women might consider a combination of HRT, exercise and adiet higher in calcium and Vitamin D than currently recommended.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659310051151
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Menstrual Cycle, Mood and Appetite (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 23-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Discusses changes in mood, food intake and food choice associated withthe menstrual cycle - food intake is generally increased in thepre-menstrual phase but changes in food choice are not quite clear. Theinfluence of the menstrual cycle on women's mood and behaviour is so farpoorly understood but popular beliefs about menstrual-related"disabilities" still prevail. In our society, two important features of anideal woman are: being nice and being slim, restraining temper andappetite. Putting the blame for relaxing this restraint on physiologicalfactors seems easier to handle than questioning the ideal.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659310051188
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Health of the Nation: Nutritional Implications (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 32-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summarizes the British Nutrition Foundation's Annual Lecture whichstressed the importance of the Health of the Nation Project, aDepartment of Health strategy. Heart disease, strokes, cancer, mentalhealth, AIDS and sexual health and accidents are identified as areas ofimprovement.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659310051205
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constipation: Not Just Fibre (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 15-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Addresses the problem of defining the term "constipation". Brieflydiscusses the role of dietary fibre as a cause for concern in theaetiology of the disorder and highlights the importance of "other" factorsthat may influence bowel habits. Makes specific reference to: the amountof food eaten; fluid intake; exercise; delay in responding to the callto stool; establishment of a bowel routine; psychological factor; sexhormones (female); pharmacological preparations and health status.States the prevalence of constipation in the UK and places emphasisthroughout on objective measurements of bowel function, including stoolfrequency, weight and transit time. Emphasizes the fact that fibre isjust one consideration in the constipation scenario. Fibre is not thepanacea for this condition.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410055057
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Five a Day? Factors Affecting Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Scotland (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 14-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Compared with the rest of the UK, the Scots have a particularly poorreputation for eating fruit and vegetables. The reasons for this arevaried and thought to relate to climate, availability and poor quality,with the costs of these foods being a major barrier to dietary change.To examine this in further detail, a number of focus group discussionswere carried out and key questions used in the monthly national ScottishOpinion Survey. Discusses the results, which showed that Scots arecomplacent about dietary change and the concept of "dietarymoderation" provides good grounds for inaction. Quantitative guidelinessuch as the WHO (World Health Organization) recommendation to consume400g (about five portions) of fruit and vegetables daily provide clearguidelines for dietary goals and allow diets to be planned on both on anindividual and a catering level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410065777
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fad Diets - Health Implications (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 22-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: With the knowledge that body mass index (BMI) exceeding 30 is increasingin Britain, explores various good diets, popular throughout the century,e.g. The Hay Diet, Hollywood 18-day Diet, Two-food Diets, etc. andreveals that most are potentially harmful, lacking in essentialnutrients. Points out that it is paradoxical that obesity is on theincrease but as many as one in five women at a given time are on a diet,and supports the view that "it is better to be fat than be dead",suggesting a healthy diet to follow.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410065812
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary Fat, Food Habits and Appetite (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 4-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Excessive fat intake is a problem in the UK and other Europeancountries. Looks at the relationship between dietary fat and body fatand the body's physiological responses to fatty food. Discussesexperimental studies on fat and satiety and high fat hyperphagia.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410069647
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Software Selection II (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 22-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gives information on software of interest to those working in the areasof food and nutrition including two shareware programs called Arcus ProIII and Kwickstat. Discusses the capabilities of each package and theirsuitability for use with different groups of people and in differenttypes of research. Gives information on software costs, registrationfees for shareware and the addresses from which further details can beobtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410069683
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    Product Development and the Consumer: The Reality of Managing Creativity (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 26-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Increasingly, food companies in today's marketplace have to change tosurvive, in response to pressures from competition, technology, anddiversity of consumers. Discusses the increasing requirement for aneffectively managed product process within the food industry, inresponse to these conditions. Offers an examination of the process, interms of maintaining an acceptable level of consumer satisfaction.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410069700
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    Boundary Disputes:: Negotiating the Boundary between the Technical and the Social in the Development of IT Systems (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 9-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Discusses the problematic nature of the boundary between the"technical" and the "social" and its consequences in respect ofunderstanding the relationship between technological and organizationalchange. Illustrates the argument using material drawn from research onthe implementation of a hospital information system and an R&D project todevelop a knowledge-based system to assist the implementation ofstrategic change.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074007
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    Information Technology and the Family: Electronic Surveillance and Home Imprisonment (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The development of information technologies has led to the restructuringof the boundaries within and between organizations in a number of areasof social life. Examines the impact of a specific form of informationtechnology being introduced in the field of punishment and control– the electronic monitoring of sentenced offenders. Electronicsurveillance and home imprisonment are features of the currentrestructuring of the boundaries between prison, work and family life. Itis both the physical and the cultural boundaries between "home" and"prison" that are being readjusted. Over the past 200 years these twospheres of social life have been constructed around incompatible sets ofvalues. However the complex contradictions involved in making theboundaries between these two spheres more permeable have not been fullyexplored in current penal discourses.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074034
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    Confounding Effects of Construct Overlap:: An Example from IS User Satisfaction Theory (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 29-45 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Theoretical constructs serve important roles in facilitating informationand knowledge flows among, between and within information systemsresearchers and practitioners. In order for the benefits of constructsto be fully exploited, they must be appropriately applied andoperationalized. Describes a controlled field study, examining users'satisfaction with a decision support system, undertaken to point out thedangers of misapplying constructs and their measurement scales.Particular consideration is given to the risks associated with the useof general instruments in situations where more narrowly focused andcontext-specific instruments are preferred.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074061
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    The "Modernisation" of the Australian Taxation Office:: Issues in Participatory Design in Large Organizations (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 19-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The difficulties in designing and implementing successful technologicalsystems which support business objectives, good work practices and highquality outcomes are well known. Discusses the "modernisation" of theAustralian Taxation Office - an ambitious ten-year programme oforganizational and tech-nological change - which has its origins in theneed for re-equipment and the recognition that the new systems mustsupport the way in which the Taxation Office would work in the future.Review of the programme mid-term shows considerable success, but alsoareas where it has been difficult to achieve some of the aims. In spiteof the participatory framework, participants tend to feel thattechnology has driven the process, rather than business or workplacerequirements. In particular, some initiatives have impacted negativelyon workers, and it has been difficult to integrate the implementation ofnew systems with the design of better work practices. Recognition ofthese problems has encouraged the development of new approaches to workand systems design, and considerable further organizational andstructural change.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076681
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    Human Identification in Information Systems: Management Challenges and Public Policy Issues (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 6-37 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Many information systems involve data about people. In order reliably toassociate data with particular individuals, it is necessary that aneffective and efficient identification scheme be established andmaintained. There is remarkably little in the information technologyliterature concerning human identification. Seeks to overcome thatdeficiency by undertaking a survey of human identity and humanidentification. Discusses techniques including names, codes,knowledge-based and token-based identification, and biometrics.Identifies the key challenge to management as being to devise a schemewhich is practicable and economic, and of sufficiently high integrity toaddress the risks the organization confronts in its dealings withpeople. Proposes that much greater use be made of schemes which aredesigned to afford people anonymity, or which enable them to usemultiple identities or pseudonyms, while at the same time protecting theorganization's own interest. Describes multi-purpose and inhabitantregistration schemes, and notes the recurrence of proposals to implementand extend them. Identifies public policy issues. Of especial concern isthe threat to personal privacy that the general-purpose use of aninhabitant registrant scheme represents. Speculates that, where suchschemes are pursued energetically, the reaction may be strong enough tothreaten the social fabric.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076799
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    Social Choice about Privacy: Intelligent Vehicle-highway Systems in the United States (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 63-90 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Broad coalitions of companies, governments, and research institutions inseveral countries are currently designing massive electronicinfrastructures for their roadways. Known collectively as intelligentvehicle-highway systems (IVHS), these technologies are intended to easetoll collection and commercial vehicle regulation, provide drivers withroute and traffic information, improve safety and ultimately supportfully automated vehicles. Although many aspects of IVHS are uncertain,some proposed designs require the system to collect vast amounts of dataon individuals' travel patterns, thus raising the potential for severeinvasions of privacy. To make social choices about IVHS, it is necessaryto reason about potentials for authoritarian uses of an IVHSinfrastructure in the hypothetical future. Yet such reasoning isdifficult, often veering towards Utopian or dystopian extremes. To helpanchor the privacy debate, places IVHS privacy concerns in aninstitutional context, offering conceptual frameworks to discuss thepotential interactions between IVHS technologies and the computer designprofession, standards-setting bodies, marketing organizations, the legalsystem and government administrative agencies.
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    Power, Sex and Systems (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 4-8 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Examines the power-related properties of professional and organizationalsystems and considers their influence on reactions to sexual harassment.It is argued that, when the socio-cultural power model of male dominanceoperates within pluralistic/political professional and organizationalsystems, these systems can become breeding-grounds for sexual harassmentbehaviours that are tolerated rather than told on. A contrast betweencareers within systems and less systems bound jobs illustrates theinfluence of context on decisions to tell or tolerate.
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    The Career Experiences of Women in Personnel (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 17-20 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Sets out to look at the career experiences of women in personnel. Asurvey was undertaken of 149 women studying for examinations leading tomembership of the Institute of Personnel Management. The results showthat the issues facing women in personnel were the same as those facingother women in organizations. Women in personnel face a glass ceilingaround Personnel Officer level. In addition, however, these womenidentified that the personnel role often lacked status in organizationsand that the qualities they possessed, which had attracted them into thepersonnel profession, were not particularly valued in organizations.However, with the take-up of human resource policies and the emphasis on"people skills" women in personnel could be in a key position tocapitalize on the changing needs of organizations and play an importantrole in the process. In order to ensure that women in personnel haveequality of opportunity, there is a need for positive action from thetop of organizations, from the Institute of Personnel Management andfrom women in personnel themselves.
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    Women in Retail Management (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 15-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Reports the findings of a combined survey of 42 mixed retailers, using apostal questionnaire and personal interviews solicited from 16companies. Researchers sought information regarding the numbers of womenholding senior management positions in the responding retailers and theapproach and attitude of retail companies to the advancement of women.Results reveal no shortage of goodwill towards the provision of equalopportunities for women, with many responding companies activelypursuing policies aimed at improving the gender balance of theirworkforce. Six senior women interviewees confirmed that workingconditions in retail were a factor in the statistics, but they suggestedthat negative attitudes from staff and customers also play a part. Theisolation of lone senior women was confirmed by personal interviews, andin-company mentors were identified as a possible help in that regard.The problem of balancing a family and career remains while storemanagers are believed to be omnipresent.
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    Cara David: A Leading Woman in Australian Education (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 23-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Very little Australian literature looks at women as leaders ineducation. Using theoretical viewpoints emerging out of a biographicaland historical analysis, it is possible to construct a more inclusivemodel of leadership which includes both men and women in the past.Mapping such a process historically and biographically can give adetailed assessment of the social, historical and political dimensionsof particular women leaders' lives and also develop a theoreticalframework, which gives equal status to the leadership experiences morecommon to women. Presents a historical narrative where recording livesraises critical questions at the same time as it unearths new evidenceof the history of women educationists in Australia.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410056317
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    Women as Strategic Decision Makers: A Reflection on Organizational Barriers (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Introduces the concept of strategic decision making as a key managementrole and the lack of women's involvement in this role as a means forunderstanding the organizational barriers faced by women in moderntimes. Studies strongly suggest that the shortage of women managers instrategic decision-making positions is due to the barriers they facewithin organizations. Furthermore, that these barriers emerge as a primefactor for limiting their effectiveness. Despite the increasing numberof women working in organizations, they still remain a minority or mere"tokens" when it comes to senior or strategic decision-making positions inmost organizations. Describes some of these barriers and suggests theway forward.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410062248
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    Policies and Practices to Encourage Women Returners: A Case Study (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 4-14 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Presents research into the policies, practices and attitudes which wouldencourage women to return to a company following maternity leave. As abackground to the study, which was conducted on behalf of one of theUK's largest engineering organizations and in association with themanagement consultancy Interactive Skills Ltd, looks at how havingchildren affects women's careers and the attitude of organizationstoday. Concludes with a look at the importance of organizations,mothers, partners and colleagues in helping women to lead full andsuccessful careers within a company.
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    Dataveillance by Governments: The Technique of Computer Matching (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 46-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Computer matching is a mass surveillance technique involving thecomparison of data about many people, which have been acquired frommultiple sources. Its use offers potential benefits, particularlyfinancial savings. It is also error-prone, and its power results inthreats to established patterns and values. The imperatives ofefficiency and equity demand that computer matching be used, and theinformation privacy interest demands that it be used only wherejustified, and be subjected to effective controls. Provides backgroundto this important technique, including its development and applicationin the USA and in Australia, and a detailed technical description.Contends that the technique, its use, and controls over its use are veryimportant issues which demand research. Computing, telecommunicationsand robotics artefacts which have the capacity to change societyradically need to be subjected to early and careful analysis, not onlyby sociologists, lawyers and philosophers, but also by informationtechnologists themselves.
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    The Use of Information Technology to Achieve Accurate Pricing in Agricultural Commodity Markets in Japan (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 37-49 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: At one level, the function of a marketplace is to enable sellers andbuyers to meet, to agree to terms and conditions, and effect contracts.At another level, however, a marketplace is a mechanism for ensuringthat information which might affect the terms and conditions is readilyavailable to all participants, so that the pricing for sales will not beunduly influenced by participants with special information or otheradvantages, but rather will approach the theoretical price at which themarket will settle. Information technology is increasingly being appliedto support the exchange of goods and services. It may be used simply toautomate existing practices. Alternatively, the introduction oftechnology into the market may provide an opportunity to rationalize thearrangements. In some instances, however, the implementation of IT maybe grasped as a strategic weapon, by a buyer, a seller, or by anorganization which provides marketplace services to buyers and sellers.Considers another kind of strategic use of IT in relation tomarketplaces. This is the enforcement of fairness in the setting ofprices, by drawing participants into a marketplace in which keydifferences in market power are equalized. Evaluates the outcomes of anelectronic exchange supporting trading in chilled and frozen meat.
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    Touching Big Brother: How Biometric Technology Will Fuse Flesh and Machine (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 38-47 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The evolution of information technology is likely to result in intimateinterdependence between humans and technology. This fusion has beencharacterized in popular science fiction as chip implantation. It is,however, more likely to take the form of biometric identification usingsuch technologies as fingerprints, hand geometry and retina scanning.Some applications of biometric identification technology are nowcost-effective, reliable and highly accurate. As a result, biometricsystems are being developed in many countries for such purposes associal security entitlement, payments, immigration control and electionmanagement. Whether or not biometry delivers on its promise ofhigh-quality identification, it will imperil individual autonomy.Widespread application of the technologies would conflict withcontemporary values, and result in a class of outcasts.
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    Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: Forces for Change? (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 27-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Reports a study into the way in which women on Canadian corporate boardsof directors perceived and defined their board roles andresponsibilities. Concludes that women directors are functioning aschampions for change on women's issues. Suggests ways in whichorganizations can reap benefits in terms of the interaction of womendirectors with senior-level women.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410051006
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    Women in Management as a Strategic HR Initiative (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 23-28 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Proposes the concept of women-friendliness, as a measure oforganizations' receptivity to women, and explores the roles of the humanresources function in achieving it. Different human resources managementstrategies are linked to the role, prestige and attitudes of the HRfunction, to the attitude of the organization's CEO towards women'sissues, and to the institutionalization of the HRM strategy. Proposes anagenda for research.
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    Women, Decision Making and Academia: An Unholy Alliance (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 11-16 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Considers the role of women within academia and outlines theirexperience of decision making within this context. Outlines thesignificant results of a study on female academics within one instituteof higher education. In particular, women are found to experience anexclusion from informal networks and a consequent lack of access toreal-time information via the grapevine. They also perceive themselvesto have less influence on organizational decision making than their malecounterparts and suffer from a greater feeling of intimidation ofauthority, finding it difficult to make themselves heard indecision-making meetings.
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    Sex Role Stereotypes and Requisite Management Characteristics:: An International Perspective (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Examines the incidence of sex role stereotyping and the relevance ofselection and socialization in attitude formation among business andnon-business students. Compares findings to similar research undertakenin the United States, Great Britain and (the former) West Germany.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410062211
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    Lending Practices and Canadian Women in Micro-based Businesses (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Investigates the lending needs of the self-employed and of micro-basedbusinesses. Describes the lack of coherence between the evaluativecriteria used in traditional lending models and the needs of businessowners. Findings suggest that the standard "5 C" model for assessing theviability of loan applications does not meet the needs of the presentbusiness environment. Women business owners may be at a disadvantagewhen applying for a business loan as the supposedly "objective" criteriaare applied in a "subjective" manner to the detriment of femaleentrepreneurs. Presents information on the characteristics of micro-loanprogrammes and proposes a market approach to micro-loan practices thatis better adapted to changing finance opportunities.
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    Addressing Gender Issues in Management Education: An Australian Initiative (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: In 1992 the Australian Federal Government established an Industry TaskForce on Leadership and Management Skills to make recommendations forimproving the skills of managers. The task force commissioned theproduction of a core MBA curriculum unit on Effective Organizations:Gender Issues in Management. Although gender stereotyping has nottraditionally been considered as a strategic business issue within MBAprogrammes, this topic was considered a critical component of thedevelopment of leadership and management skills, and a fundamentalelement in the drive towards greater organizational effectiveness. Indeveloping the unit, the researchers identified both a reluctance andlack of preparedness on the part of both academics and industrymanagement to deal with these issues. The resulting package thereforerecognizes the sensitivities associated with the subject, and thedifficulties of addressing gender issues in management. It also offers arange of delivery options, and has potential for uptake in countriesother than Australia. Briefly describes the origins, focus and contentof the package produced for the task force in 1994, and discusses theimplications of the material for the career development of womenmanagers.
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    Managerial Sex Role Stereotyping among Academic Staff within UK Business Schools (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The growth of women in management positions has largely been at juniorlevels. This has been particularly so within the education sector, wherethe growth in the number of women employed has had little impact on theproportion of women in senior positions. One explanation for the lack ofwomen in senior management positions has been the male stereotyping ofthe manager role. Reports on a survey, using the Schein DescriptiveIndex, which was carried out among academics in 19 UK business schoolsor management departments of the new universities which showed differentpatterns of stereotyping from that found among managers in otherorganizations. Male academics at lower levels did not stereotype themanager role at all, but those in senior positions stereotyped themanager role as male. Among the female academics the results showed noassociation between the characteristics of successful managers and thoseof women in general, but some association between the characteristics ofmanagers and men in general.
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    Managers in Cartoons - They are Still Men in the (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 20-24 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: A number of articles have appeared in the Harvard Business Review(HBR) in recent years in which reference is made to the traditional viewthat male = manager, and how this has worked against women makinginroads into senior management positions. The HBR often interspersescartoons among the articles - cartoons which appear to perpetuate themale-as-manager norm. The results of a content analysis of the cartoonsappearing in the HBR over the five-year period, 1988-1992 are presented.The content analysis suggests women appear as marginal players in thecartoon images of the organizational world. Not only do women appear insubstantially fewer cartoons than men, there is also a wide divergencein how men and women are portrayed. The most common representations ofwomen are as wife or secretary, although there is the occasional nurse,air hostess and fortune-teller! The images of men, however, areoverwhelmingly associated with paid work. The images of women and menportrayed in the HBR perpetuate and reinforce the expectation that"male = manager". It may be that such cartoons can be considered trivialon their own, but cumulatively they can play a powerful role in definingthe "appropriate" person for the manager's job.
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    Mentoring among Female Executives (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Female executives in the USA were surveyed to determine characteristicsof and interactions of mentors and protégés. Questions focus onpreparation for roles, selection process, gender issues, relationship ofmentor/protégé, number of mentors each protégé has had, benefits to careers,and other relationships derived from mentoring. Major findings are thatan individual who has been a protégé is more willing to become a mentor;that an individual who has had a mentor is more willing to entersubsequent mentoring relationships; and that more women are mentorstoday as compared with the number of women mentors ten years ago.
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    Gender, Diversity and Working Styles (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Presents evidence from a research study into the impact of gender onmanagement styles, using repertory grid as a methodology. Generalizeddifferences were identified in the approaches of women and men todefinition of the job, overall style, decision making and interpersonalrelationships. Men had greater visibility to other men, while a broaderinsight was offered by women interviewees into the women managers'approaches. In the context of patriarchal power relations, in whichmasculinity is defined as opposite and superior to femininity, feminineworking styles are perceived as less effective in organizations, whilemasculine attributes tend to be regarded as normatively the way tomanage. Such values can imbue recruitment, selection and developmentpractices with gender bias. Recent management and leadership theory hasadvocated the value of a people-centred approach, which traditionallyand stereotypically has been associated with women. This might appear toopen up opportunity for women. Concludes that there is a need to bealert to a redefinition of patriarchal relations as men seek to maintainstatus.
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    Women in Non-traditional Occupations: The Construction Industry (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 3-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Discusses a recently completed research project on women in constructionmanagement occupations. Focuses on the issues generated by the researchand main conclusions. The methodology is briefly discussed and thesequence of the investigation outlined. Presents the problem of theunder-representation of women in the construction industry withstatistical evidence. Issues raised include the image of theconstruction industry, knowledge as a determinant of career choice andorganizational culture. States conclusions and implications forpractice.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000003989
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    Mentoring and Networking for Women Educators (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 4-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The importance of mentoring and networking for women in management andadministration has been identified in recent articles in Women inManagement Review. Contributes to the growing body of literature in thisarea by examining some of the different sources of mentoring and kindsof networks available to women educators who are aspiring to highereducational administration posts in Australian Government schools.Argues that it is much easier for male teachers and male educationaladministrators to access power through mentoring and networking than itis for female teachers and female educational administrators becausementoring and networking have both been traditionally male dominatedpractices.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410056281
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    Where to from Here? Women in Management: The Cultural Dilemma (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 3-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: There is growing evidence in Australia that cultural factors are thefinal impediment to women's progress into senior management. Examinesthe "cultural dilemma" that women managers present from organizational,managerial and personal perspectives. It is felt that women can assisttheir situation by altering their mode of operation from a "victim"mentality to one of a "power" mentality: by making up their minds whetherthey want to "share" power or get the male managerial culture to"yield" power; by making a concerted effort to close the nexus on theeconomic front; by educating chief executive officers as to imperativefor cultural change; and by both using and supporting various governmentagencies and Equal Employment Opportunity Officers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410062202
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    Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: Views of Canadian Chief Executive Officers (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 3-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Highlights the historical set-up of Canadian boards of directors, whyand how women were first appointed to corporate boards. Examines factorsrelated to women serving on corporate boards, detailing advantages andbarriers to the appointments. Reports on a survey of Canadian ChiefExecutive Officers (CEOs) which considers factors related to theappointment of women to corporate boards. Results indicated the CEOs'opinions on, for example, how important a variety of qualifications isto the appointment of female directors; the women with difficulties infinding women with these qualifications; preferred candidate profiles;issues which would benefit from a female perspective; effects of womenon boards and companies; and the question of why there are not morewomen directors. Finally, with the survey as a background, looks at whythere are so few women on the boards of directors of Canadian privatesector organizations; and the future prospects of women as boardmembers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410066974
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    From Hierarchy to Unity between Men and Women Managers: Towards an Androgynous Style of Management (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: As the workforce evolves in the twenty-first century, more women areentering higher-level management positions. The traditional hierarchicalstructure associated with male-dominated management ranks is inadequateto accommodate properly this trend. Looks at alternative managementstructure theories which support the view of a genderless managementstructure. Recommends that managers should begin to adopt an androgynousstyle which will not only foster a blend of so-called masculine andfeminine behaviours, but also lead to better managers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410069944
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    Programmed Innovation? Trajectories of Change in Software Development (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 25-47 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Explores the idea of trajectories of innovation in software development.Patterns of Innovation are analysed within social and institutionalcontexts, and within the context of changes in the ways computertechnology is used. Three main trajectories of innvation in softwaredevelopment are discussed: technical change (e.g. languages, techniques,tools, methods); organizational and managerial change; andcommodification (the substitution of packaged products for customdevelopment). Sub-trajectories are also described. Concludes that thescope and heterogeneity of software development activity has supportedthe formation of a number of different and competing trajectories whichlead to quite different conclusions about the future of softwaredevelopment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074016
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    Promoting Health and Welfare: The Challenge for Information Technology?: A Strategic Agenda for Enabling Disabled People (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 81-99 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The question of how to enable disabled and disadvantaged people viainformation technology (IT) represents one of the challenges facing mostdeveloping countries in the coming decade. Examines the feasibility of,and argues for, an approach to health and welfare promotion centred onthe enabling potential of IT. Describes the contextual specificity ofthe Asian (which is a highly differentiated) experience in state welfareand health provision. Based on some comparative findings and projectedscenarios in East Asian countries, explores the challenge andopportunity for IT in this enabling process. The IT-based promotionalstrategies are outlined and discussed; it is argued that theeffectiveness of IT applications in this process is contingent on thevariables embedded in the technology--the risks associated withtechnological development as well as the underlying socio-politicalstructure. Ends with remarks on the role of IT in global welfare andhealth promotion in the 1990s.
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    Boundaries and Quandaries: Establishing a Professional Context for IT (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 48-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The professionalization of IT has long been complicated by disagreementover the appropriate model to employ. Physicians, lawyers, scientists,engineers, artisans, and artists have all one been invoked at one timeor another by one group or another as guiding examples for thedevelopment of an IT profession. Yet none of these has proved fullyconvincing. Discusses the different kinds of professional practice whichhave been likened to IT, considers why it has proved so difficult tosettle on a single one, and suggests an alternative way ofconceptualizing IT practice.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074025
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    Running the Network: Supporting Co-operative Systems (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 7-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Commercial software systems intended to support the work of groups arenow freely available. However, uptake of these systems has beenrelatively poor and limited user experience has been reported. Presentssome experiences from a study of a network that explicitly aims toinvestigate the effectiveness of computer-supported co-operative work(CSCW) tools. Focuses on the currently hidden cost of managing thenetwork. Also explores the implications for CSCW systems development byoutlining an exploration of support for the management of a CSCWnetwork.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074052
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    Networked Information Resources:: Electronic Opportunities for Users and Librarians (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 5-18 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Many of the activities people perform with the Internet are new, andpossibly could not have been conceived before the network becameavailable. Describes innovative uses of the Internet by staff of twoAustralian universities. While the Internet provides opportunities forcommunication among its users, it poses challenges to the computing andinformation systems professionals who support them. It also presentslibrarians with the opportunity to apply their established skills aseducators, information managers, custodians, information providers, andchange agents in their work with Internet users.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076672
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    The Use of NUDIST, a Computerized Analytical Tool, to Support Qualitative Information Systems Research (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 50-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Discusses the use of software tools to support qualitative informationsystems research, and provides a practical example of how one tool,NUDIST, was used in a recent empirical study. Argues that greatestbenefit can be gained from software tools when their use is based onsound theory of qualitative research. The analysis for the study wasbuilt on the concept of grounded theory, which was developed in 1967 andextended in 1984. Describes the processes involved in the particularresearch, and the way NUDIST was used to support these processes. Aimsto illustrate how tools like NUDIST enhance the researcher'scapabilities, and allow much deeper, and more reflective analysis of thequalitative material generated by the research.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076708
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    The Realizability of the Potential Benefits of Intelligent Vehicle-highway Systems: The Influence of Public Acceptance (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 48-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Intelligent vehicle-highway systems (IVHS) combine computing, sensorsand telecom-munications to deliver a more effective road/vehicle systemfor freight and passenger vehicles. Many of these technologies involvesurveillance of the location and behaviour of identified vehicles and/orpeople, and the collation of such data for further use. These and otheraspects of IVHS technologies raise concerns among the community, andhave delayed the adoption of some systems. Outlines IVHS systems, andconsiders strategies for their introduction. The ownership and use ofdata collected in the course of IVHS operations is shown to presentopportunities relating to revenue-collection and law-enforcement, on theone hand, and public acceptability problems, on the other. There aregrowing links with large-scale data transmission facilities such as theUS National Information Initiative (NII) and the equivalent massiveinteractive data networks developing elsewhere. Major errors in theimplementation of early elements of IVHS may make it extremely difficultto deploy further elements. Argues that adoption of a number ofprinciples could safeguard the potential benefits at an acceptablesocial cost.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076816
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    Australian Women in Banking: Still the "Reserve Army"? (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 21-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Women came into the Australian banking industry to "fill in" for men andwere left in lower grade, non-career jobs on their return. For themajority of women, little has changed with respect to their status inthe industry. They outnumber men in lower level clerical grades andperform the bulk of part-time work. Very few women remain in theindustry for a significant length of time, contributing to theirunder-representation in management. Managers and women themselves needto be aware of the structural, attitudinal, and social barriers whicheffectively disadvantage full-time and part-time women in the branchbanking system so that affirmative action programmes can be correctlyfocused. Makes a number of recommendations to address these problems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410050999
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    The Problematic Nature of Dress for Women Managers (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 29-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Argues that dress is not a straightforward issue for women managerstoday. It is problematic on a number of different levels. Women receivemany messages via the media concerning the importance of theirappearance and presentation. The "dressing for success" slogan isproblematic as it infers that success is as easy as donning well-cutclothes. Contends that this argument trivializes the difficulties womenmanagers face when they wish to break the glass ceiling. Highlights theargument that women managers confront a number of dilemmas as they tryto maintain a "feminine" but "businesslike" presentation, as well as an"individual" yet socially appropriate style.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410057640
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    The Export Orientation of Canadian Female Entrepreneurs in New Brunswick (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 20-30 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Compares exporting and non-exporting female entrepreneurs regardingtheir information about export markets, their perceptions of theusefulness of export market information and the helpfulness ofgovernment export stimulation programmes. Identifies the formats whichwomen entrepreneurs believe to be most helpful in obtaining informationabout exporting their products and services. Results suggest that, inNew Brunswick, the majority of female entrepreneurs do not export theirproducts and services. Furthermore, they do not plan to enter the exportmarket in the future. Their businesses, are for the most part, small,non-technology-based, labour intensive, or cottage-craft industries.They are relatively new, with few employees, and have low annual salesrevenues. However, they also have low overhead expenses and the ownershave the freedom to co-ordinate their business activities around theirfamily life and responsibilities. These findings suggest that, ratherthan export stimulation programmes, the majority of female entrepreneursin New Brunswick are more interested in and would benefit more, at thistime, from product or service quality improvement programmes. They wantto learn more about the characteristics of their local domestic marketin order to penetrate those markets further. Likewise, most female-owned(non-exporting) businesses in New Brunswick need to be brought to alevel of "export readiness". Finally, those few female entrepreneurs whoare exporting need access to market intelligence, information on how toimprove their exporting strategies and tactics, and on how to maintainthe competitive edge in world markets.
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    Genetically Modified Organisms and Food (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 4-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Genetic modification techniques have transformed the scope ofbiotechnology. Describes the new technology and its potential uses inthe food industry. Safety is an important consideration and there areEuropean Community and British legislative safeguards for human andenvironmental safety. Proposed EC legislation on novel foods, asdrafted, contains equivalent provisions. There are wider questions aboutuse of genetic modification in food and these have been addressed by aGovernment Committee on the Ethics of Genetic Modification and Food Use.Consideration has also been given by the Food Advisory Committee to thequestion of labelling.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410048901
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    Creation of a Food Policy Database (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 25-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Describes the establishment of a computer-based database on UK andEuropean policy and describes the structure and the mechanisms throughwhich information is added to the database. Outlines information sourcesand discusses the likely uses of the database.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410055084
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    Software Selection (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 28-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The first in a new series which provides up-to-date information oncomputer software which is of interest to those working in the areas offood and nutrition. Deals with a meal-planning package called Omnimealand a nutritional analysis package called the Better Diet Analyser.Discusses the capabilities of each package and their suitability for usewith different groups of people, and includes details of theregistration fees and the addresses from which further information canbe obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410055093
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    Encouraging Young People to Make the Healthier Choice:: West Birmingham Health Authority Healthy Lifestyles Campaign (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 4-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Looks at the launch of a healthy eating campaign in Holyhead School,Birmingham. The project aimed to encourage pupils to choose healthieroptions which were available at lunch-time.
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    Encapsulation: A New Concept for the Food Industry? (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 17-19 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Discusses soft gelatin encapsulation, a new concept in the presentationof food ingredients which offers many benefits including portioncontrol, elimination of taint problems during manufacture, extendedshelf-life of product, and convenience of use. Gelatin's properties makeit particularly useful in foods as it acts as a barrier, protecting theliquid capsule contents from the outside environment and acts as aphysical barrier to bacteria, yeasts and moulds. It also provides a lowpermeability membrane to gases, retarding the ingress of oxygen.Research shows that consumers accept soft gelatin capsules as apresentation form for food ingredients, particularly where messy ordifficult to control ingredients are involved. It confirms that soft gelencapsulation offers exciting opportunities for the development of novelproducts in the food industry and new market opportunities.
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    Factors Influencing Food Choice among Ethnic Minority Adolescents (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 18-22 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Asian diet has been implicated in a number of diseases such ascoronary heart disease (CHD), non-insulin dependent diabetes myelitis(NIDDM), rickets and anaemia. It has also been established that chronicdiseases such as CHD and cancer, which have a long lag phase beforesymptoms appear, are also significant to young people, as their dietarypatterns over the years can influence the onset of these diseases.Argues that research on the diet of the young cannot exclude thepsychological and cultural factors involved in the motives behind foodchoice decision-making processes, for any health education programme tobe effective.
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    Food and Nutrition Update: Nutritional Perspectives for the Quality Diet (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 29-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Emphasizes the importance of dietary intake in relation to nutritionalstatus and health. Highlights sources of nutritional information. Issuesdiscussed include: health foods; dietary supplements; natural extracts;probiotic foods; neutriceuticals; healthy image foods; individualnutrients; food groups and food mixtures. The key message is that foodscan be grouped and sensible meal planning based around this. Mentionsdifficulty of translation of nutritional facts, but gives down-to-earthsolutions. Recommends supermarket leaflets.
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    Processed Foods with Natural Flavour: The Use of Novel Recovery Technology (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 12-14 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Briefly outlines the role of new distillation technology in the recoveryand management of natural flavours. Often processing leads to the lossor deterioration in the flavour characteristics of foods and drinks,especially when compared with fresh starting materials. Aims to showthat some of these effects can be mitigated by good process engineering;and uses the role of spinning cone distillation processes, on which theauthor currently is researching, to illustrate the argument. Summarizesthe principal features of spinning cone technology, together with theadvantages of the technology for flavour recovery: these include highselectivity and efficiency, mild operating conditions, low residencetimes and multistage operation, which, inter alia, allow low strippingrates, while producing flavour concentrates. Briefly mentions somecurrent applications including flavour management in the production offruit concentrates, the production of reduced alcohol drinks, and, inthe context of clean technologies, the use of the technology for flavourrecovery and odour removal.
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    Nutrition and Computing: Is Shareware a Useful Option? (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 33-34 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Examines the advantages of "shareware" as opposed to commercial softwarein the fields of dietetics and nutrition, categorizing these into: wordprocessing; data storage and statistical analysis; multinationalanalysis; and educational. Gives useful hints to those contemplatingtheir use.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410048956
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    The Meals on Wheels Service: A Consumer Survey (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 7-10 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Combines a marketing study of the Meals on Wheels (MoW) service inLeicester, with a study of food consumption patterns in 1,500 elderlypersons by the use of a self-completed questionnaire, which aimed toevaluate the consumer characteristics, service provision and degree ofsatisfaction of MoW recipients and identify specific areas ofdissatisfaction. Overall 88 per cent said they were very satisfied orsatisfied with the service. Food consumption patterns showed that themajority of the elderly ate other food besides MoW but 26 per cent ofrecipients provided no information, suggesting that little other foodwas eaten. Further research is required on preference ratings forvarious types of meals and on the attitudes of the elderly to certainfood types, e.g. fruit, vegetables, milk and other dairy products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659310051142
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    An Assessment of the Potential of Sugar-free Confectionery in the UK Market (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 20-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Examines some of the reasons for the reluctance of UK manufacturers todevelop sugar-free confectionery and investigates sugar substitutescurrently in use, assessing their effects on health.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659310051179
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    A Milk Shake-up: The Proposed Demise of the Milk Marketing Boards (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 5-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Milk Marketing Boards were established in 1933 in order to ensure aregular collection of milk from farmers and a reliable delivery of milkto customers. They perfected a distribution system which proved itsworth in the Second World War by ensuring an essential supply of milkunder difficult circumstances. In 1993, the Government proposed that theEnglish Milk Marketing Board should become a voluntary co-operative withthe title Milk Marque. This would make its own arrangements for thecollection of milk from farmers and would compete with dairy companiessuch as Nestle and Northern Foods as farmers would be able to make theirown arrangements over milk collection and milk products. The new systemwas to be in place by 1 April. Because of objections, any decisionshave been postponed until 1 October or beyond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410055039
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    The Intake and Acceptance of Fat in the Diet (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 19-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fat consumption in the UK has remained stable at 40 per cent of energyintake for the past 25 years, despite widely publicized recommendationsfor reductions. Briefly reviews some of the possible reasons why fatintake is at this high level, and why consumers find it difficult toreduce intakes. First, there may be psychobiological effects of fatswhich serve to maintain liking for fat-associated sensorycharacteristics. Second, consumers often have a poor conception of theirown fat intake and the relative contributions of different food sources.Lastly, there is little known about the factors influencing long-termdietary change. These are issues which research in nutrition and foodscience can and should address.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410055066
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    Eat Well Is the Message for the Nation (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 5-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Looks at recommendations from COMA regarding gains to improvements incardiovascular diseases. Advertising is seen as having an importantinfluence on this. Fat reductions in the diet are required and neededfor the nation's health.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659310060106
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    Pyramid or Plate?: The Development of a National Food Guide for the UK: A Preliminary Article (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A National Food Guide (NFG) for the UK will enable all nutritioneducators to use the same vehicle for conveying food and healthmessages. The public will, thus, receive a consistent message, visuallyreinforced through a variety of channels. The development of a NFG forthe UK is a priority project for the Government's Nutrition Task Forceand is a tripartite project between the Department of Health (DoH),Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) and the HealthEducation Authority (HEA). Discusses the main aim of the HEA fundedresearch project (Stage III): to assess actual consumer understandingand recall of information contained within the guide (as opposed tostated preferences) when the information was presented in differentways. The research experimentally tested the pyramid and plate formatsof a food selection guide with a sample of 2,000 consumers in the UK.Presents the research design and methodology; results will appear in alater issue. It is planned to launch the final NFG in summer 1994.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659310060124
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    The Chemistry of Pastry Products (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 33-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Looks at the most commonly occurring types of pastry and theirpreparation. Puff pastry is used mainly for pie tops and vol-au-ventcases and shortcrust is used widely for sweet and savoury goods.Examines the composition, function of ingredients, methods ofmanufacture and different pastry structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659310060223
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    Dietary Fat - Weighing up the Pros and Cons (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 9-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reviews the latest thinking regarding fat and health in the light of the1993 FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on "The Role of Oils and Fats in HumanNutrition". Outlines the role of fat in meeting energy requirements; inthe absorption and provision of fat-soluble vitamins; in enhancing foodpalatability; and in the provision of essential fatty acids. Looks atthe association of types of fat with coronary heart disease and cancer,and outlines the recommendations of the FAO/WHO Consultation report.Concludes that fat is a desirable and essential nutrient and that theneed for fat changes according to life cycle and lifestyle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410065768
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    Influence of Nutrition Information on the Attitudes and Knowledge of Dieters (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reports a study in which a structured questionnaire was used to elicitthe attitudes and knowledge of 451 women (18-35 years), 217 dieters and234 non-dieters to nutritional issues. It included questions onfrequency of reading labels, attitudes to and likelihood of buyingproducts labelled with qualitative terms, and understanding ofnutritional terms. Data were analysed to determine differences betweendieters and non-dieters. Dieters were significantly more likely to readlabels, and gave more priority to "low in calories". Both groups mostoften ranked "no additives" as most important. "Calories" and "fat" were mostoften associated with "fattening", but "energy" and "joule" were lesswidely recognized. Dieters recognized more energy-related terms.Significantly, more dieters knew that fat has more calories than sugar,but the majority of both groups thought saturated fatty acids had morecalories than polyunsaturated fatty acids. Results indicate dieters tobe slightly more knowledgeable, but that confusion remained over anumber of issues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410065795
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    Factors Influencing Food Choice among Ethnic Minority Adolescents (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Describes an exploratory study among Asian and English teenagersattending a West London comprehensive school, using food diaries, ageneral questionnaire and in-depth interviews to gather information onfactors influencing food choice. The relationship between food habitsand differences in ethnicity and sex were observed, as well as foodchoice made at the individual level. Concludes that, while a "thirdculture" has evolved identifying itself with both British and Asiancustoms, food preparation and consumption are the most stable factortransmitted from first-to second-and third-generation Asians living inthe UK and the most common area of difference between Asians andCaucasians regarding the acceptability of particular foods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410816539
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    Griffin School Goes for the "Get Cooking" Goal (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 16-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The "Get Cooking" project was set up at Griffin Primary School, in EastHull, in response to a MORI poll survey which identified a lack ofcooking skills among young people. Reports on a six-week cookery coursefor year six pupils aged 10-11 years which was organized in each schoolterm. The school kitchen facilities were used and the pupils preparedhealthy dishes associated with the curriculum themes Ancient Egypt,Romans and Far East Indians. The pupils acquired food preparation andcooking skills, knowledge of healthier options, food hygiene and safety.They also developed self-esteem and confidence. The emphasis of the clubwas on fun and enjoyment and the pupils experienced many new andunfamiliar foods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410069665
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    Food and Nutrition Update:: An Analysis of Macronutrients in the Diet (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 94 (1994), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Provides an overview of the analytical methods used to quantify themacronutrients (protein, water, lipids and carbohydrates) present infood. Considers principles of the methods of analysis employed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659410069719
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