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  • Articles  (15,185)
  • 1985-1989  (13,876)
  • 1950-1954  (1,309)
  • 1985  (13,876)
  • 1950  (1,309)
  • Mathematics  (12,188)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (2,997)
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  • 1985-1989  (13,876)
  • 1950-1954  (1,309)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EXPERIENCES WITH ANALYTICAL PLOTTERS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 11 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Three authors, representing commercial, educational and governmental photogrammetric organisations, report on their initial uses of analytical plotters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1985.tb01325.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PHOTOGRAMMETRY ROUND THE WORLD (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 11 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1985.tb01330.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OBITUARY (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 11 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1985.tb01335.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BOOK REVIEWS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 11 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Book reviews in this article:PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SPACE TECHNIQUES FOR GEODYNAMICS. Edited by J. Somogyi. Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Sopron. Hungary.THE SURVEILLANT SCIENCE: REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT. Edited by R. K. Holz. Second edition. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., New York and Chichester.DISCOVERY FROM THE AIR. By G. W. G. Allen. Edited by J. S. P. Bradford and O. G. S. Crawford with Introduction and Captions by D. N. Riley. Aerial Archaeology.PRINCIPLES OF REMOTE SENSING. By P. J. Curran. Longman, London and New York.SATELLITE OCEANOGRAPHY. By I. S. Robinson. Ellis Horwood Ltd, Chichester.THE RIGHT OF THE LINE. The Royal Air Force in the European War 1939–1945. By J. Terraine. Hodder & Stoughton, London.INDUSTRIAL HISTORY FROM THE AIR. By K. Hudson. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.INTRODUCTION TO SATELLITE OCEANOGRAPHY. By G. A. Maul. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht.REMOTE SENSING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING. Edited by T. J. M. Kennie and M. C. Matthews. Blackie and Son Ltd. Surrey University Press, Glasgow and London.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1985.tb01331.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SOCIETY: CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 11 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1985.tb01336.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ON LINE DATA PROCESSING FOR THE PI-1A MONOCOMPARATOR USING THE BBC MICROCOMPUTER (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 11 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The use of small computers for on line data processing in photogrammetry has developed from the desktop calculators of the early 1970s to the microcomputers of today. The restrictions of machine code programming, small memory and limited display have been overcome. Software has been written for the PI-1A monocomparator using the BBC microcomputer for a calibration test, relative orientation, and strip formation and adjustment in the on line mode. This low cost system is suitable for training inexperienced operators or students in analytical photogrammetry, with the sequence of observation guided by operator prompts and with error checking computations displayed. Re-observations can be made on line and acceptable observations stored for input to the strip adjustment program or subsequent block adjustment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1985.tb00521.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DATA PROCESSING METHODS FOR AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 11 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Using modern techniques, the analysis of amateur photographs yields results with almost the same accuracy level as with metric photographs. This paper gives a classification of data processing techniques for amateur photographs and presents a well proven method for the treatment of existing amateur photographs, known as Metric Photo Perspective Transformation (MPPT). Data processing is particularly convenient and efficient if on line techniques are used. Operational procedures for the treatment of additional parameters and for the detection of blunders in a time critical on line triangulation system are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1985.tb00524.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NOTES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 11 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1985.tb00531.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    100 YEARS OF HISTORICAL MONUMENT ARCHIVES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 11 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1985.tb01329.x
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  • 10
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    PROBLEMS OF THE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC INDUSTRY (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 11 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1985.tb01333.x
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PAST AND FUTURE OF ANALYSIS OF WATER RESOURCES TIME SERIES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : water resources supply and demand time series consist of several or all of the four basic characteristics: tendency, intermittency, periodicity and stochasticity. Their importance changes from one type of variables to another. Historic developments of analysis of time series in hydrology have varied significantly over the past, from the stress on search for periodicities and persistence in annual series to the emphasis on the series stochastic properties. Supply and demand series are often highly interrelated, which fact is most often neglected in planning water resources systems in general, and water storage capacities in particular. The future of series analysis in water resources will likely be by a joint use of physically-based structural analysis and the use of advanced methods of treating data by stochastic processes, statistical estimation and inference techniques. The most intriguing challenge of the future of this analysis may be the treatment of nonnormal, nonlinear and in general nonstationary hydrologic and water use time series. The proper treatment of complex multivariate processes will also challenge the specialists, especially for the purposes of transfer of information between data on variables at given points, or between data at several points of a given variable, or both.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05377.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STATISTICAL IDENTIFICATION OF STORAGE MODELS WITH APPLICATION TO STOCHASTIC HYDROLOGY (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : This paper describes a method for the statistical identification of storage models for daily riverflow time series, together with numerical results. The first step in the identification process is to obtain a discrete time version of a storage model using a local linearization approach. It is shown that the discrete time version thus obtained may be utilized in the identification of the original storage model. A statistical method for the identification of daily rainfall time series models used in simulation is also presented. This identification procedure employs the maximum likelihood method for point process data analysis and is illustrated by means of numerical examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05381.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PATTERNS OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN A COASTAL ALASKA STREAM (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Suspended sediment data from a 154 ha watershed on northeast Chichagof Island, Alaska, were collected over three fall storm seasons from 1980 to 1982. Sediment rating curves for nine pooled storms explained less than 34 percent of the variation in total suspended solids (TSS). Significantly higher concentrations of suspended sediment occurred during the rising limb of storm hydrographs than for similar flows on the falling limb, accounting for hysteresis loops in TSS versus streamflow plots for individual storms. These hysteresis loops were wider during early season storms, indicating that easily transportable fine sediment may have been flushed from the upper portion of channel banks and from behind large organic debris during early season peak flows. Regression relationships (TSS versus Q) developed for the highest stormflows (〉 1 m3/s) had steeper slopes than the lower stormflows (〈 1 m3/s). Turbidity correlated well (r=0.94) with TSS for all storm-flow data combined. Organic matter constituted an average of 35 percent (by weight) of TSS for all water quality samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00186.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    USING LANDSAT DATA TO CLASSIFY LAND USE FOR ASSESSING THE BASINWIDE RUNOFF INDEX (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Remote sensing data in the form of Landsat computer compatible tapes (CCT) was used to determine land use and land cover as an aid in hydrologic studies that were used to estimated a basinwide runoff index. With the use of the General Electric Image 100 multispectral image processing system in conjunction with the Earth Resources Laboratory Application Software (ELAS), CCT's on February 9, 1976, were analyzed by spectral differences to determine unique land use conditions within the Econlockhatchee (Econ) River Basin, Florida. The result showed that the Landsat data can be successfully used to monitor the USGS land use Level 1. An advantage of using the Landsat data for land use classification is that new data are periodically available for updating the land use information. The Soil Conservation Service curve number was used to establish a basinwide runoff index which includes a prime variable of land use changes with the time. The basinwide runoff index in 1972 (with USGS 1972 Land Use maps) was similar to the one in 1976 (with Landsat data dated February 9, 1976). This implies that the runoff from the entire Econ Basin was not noticeably changed during the period of 1972 and 1976.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00188.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE OPTIMAL STEADY-STATE IN GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Groundwater use is likely to be inefficient in the absence of regulation and hence there is substantial interest in optimal groundwater withdrawals over time. Under an optimal regime withdrawals, pumping lifts, and profits converge to steady-state levels. In this paper we show that optimal steady-state lifts, withdrawals, and marginal user costs can be readily calculated for multi-cell models of confined aquifers. Applications to the design of economically efficient groundwater management policies are discussed, comparisons to previous work and to the safe yield concept are made, and an illustrative example is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00191.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LONG-TERM PATTERNS OF WATER QUALITY IN A MANAGED WATERSHED IN OREGON: 1. SUSPENDED SEDIMENT (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: The cumulative effects of forest management activities on water quality at a downstream point were monitored from 1972-1980 during development of a watershed for timber resources. Suspended sediment concentration and turbidity were measured at two hydrologic stations which bracketed a 10-km reach of the Middle Santiam River in the Western Cascades of Oregon as it flowed through an 8000-ha block of intensively managed forest land. Slope failures often accompany road building and harvesting in steep forested watersheds and pose the most serious threat to water quality. Although 180 km of road were constructed and 3400 ha of old-growth forests were harvested from slopes averaging over 60 percent, long-term changes in sediment yields remained undetectable during the period of measurement. The geologic characteristics of the basin and the road construction and maintenance techniques as prescribed by Oregon's forest practice regulations helped to minimize the occurrence of slope failures so that long-term changes in suspended sediment export rates did not occur. Throughout the nine-year measurement period, seven slope failures which added sediment directly to streams produced measurable short-term responses at the downstream sampling location, but these erosion events were too small and too infrequent to produce long-term changes in sediment yield from the watershed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00192.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WETLAND BOUNDARIES IN THE NEW JERSEY PINELANDS: ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS AND DELINEATION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Wetland protection regulations and guidelines often require the delineation of precise wetland boundaries on a case-by-case basis. In this study, conducted in the New Jersey Pinelands, an ecological characterization of vegetation composition, soil and hydrologic relationships along upland to wetland Pinus rigida - dominated transittions provided the basis for a multiparameter approach to wetland boundary delineation. The transitional data set was analyzed by direct gradient analysis, cluster analysis and ordination. It is concluded that vegetation composition can be a principal factor in delineating wetland boundaries along natural upland to wetland transitions. However, where distinct vegetation changes are not observed, a feature of our study sites, a multiparameter approach should be used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00195.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING IN PLANNING SURFACE WATER STORAGE (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Designing a surface reservoir involves the concept of reservoir yield. This concept embodies three basic information items: hydrologic regime, active storage volume, and reservoir release policy. In the actual case presented below, the magnitude of the active storage was prescribed by a legal procedure, so that the planning issue became that of determining the reservoir yield given the hydrological information. A stochastic dynamic programming model was formulated to derive a schedule of seasonal optimal reservoir releases and their respective probabilities of occurrence. This schedule is the reservoir yield. The yearly cycle was divided into three seasons representing the actual climatic conditions, and conditional probabilities linking streamflows in consecutive seasons were estimated. An operating policy was postulated, based on the same set of legal decisions that prescribed the active storage volume, and target reservoir releases were assumed. Similarly, target storages at the end of each season were set up. The optimizing/ minimizing criterion in the dynamic programming formulation was the sum of squares of deviations of actual releases and final storage volumes from their respective targets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00196.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DISCUSSION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00201.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Reply to DISCUSSION by W. Douglas Morgan (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00202.x
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  • 21
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    LITIGATION and LEGISLATION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00205.x
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  • 22
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    Electronic Resource
    BOOK REVIEWS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Book Reviewed in this article:Groundwater Engineering, A. I. Kashef.Ground Water Quality, C. H. Ward, W. Giger, and P. L. McCarty (Editors).Groundwater Pollution Control, L. W. Canter and R. C. Knox.A Citizen's Handbook on Groundwater Protection, Wendy Gordon.Environmental Pollution Control in Relation to Development: Tech. Rept. Series 718, World Health Organization.Vadose Zone Monitoring for Hazardous Waste Sites, L. G. Everett, L. G. Wilson, and E. W. Hoylman.Safe Drinking Water: The Impact of Chemicals on a Limited Resource, R. C. Rice.Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, Vol. 2, World Health Organization.Hydrology: Principles, Analysis, and Design, H. M. Raghunath.Problems of and Prospects for Predicting Great Salt Lake Levels, P. A. Kay and H. F. Diaz.Water Resources Planning, Neil S. Grigg.Natural Resources Economics: Selected Papers by S. V. Ciriacy-Wantrup, R. C. Bishop and S. D. Anderson (Editors).Marine and Estuarine Geochemistry, A. G. Sigleo and A. Hattori (Editors).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00203.x
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  • 23
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    FOURIER INFERENCE: SOME METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ARRAY AND NONGAUSSIAN SERIES DATA (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Fourier inference is a collection of analytic techniques and philosophic attitudes, for the analysis of data, wherein essential use is made of empirical Fourier transforms. This paper sets down some basic results concerning the finite Fourier transforms of stationary process data and then, to illustrate the approach, uses those results to develop procedures for: 1) estimating cloud and storm motion, 2) passive sonar and 3) fitting finite parameter models to nonGaussian time series via bispectral fitting. This last procedure is illustrated by an analysis of a stretch of Mississippi River runoff data. Examples 1), 2) refer to data having the form Y(xj, yj, t) for j = 1, …, J and t = 0, …, T-l say, and view that data as part of a realization of a spatial-temporal process. Such data has become common in geophysics generally and in hydrology particularly. The goal of this paper is to present some new statistical procedures pertinent to problems in the water sciences, equally it is to illustrate the genesis of those procedures and how their properties may be approximated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00169.x
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS OF TIME-AGGREGATED HYDROLOGIC DATA (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Stochastic models fitted to hydrologic data of different time scales are interrelated because the higher time scale data (aggregated data) are derived from those of lower time scale. Relationships between the statistical properties and parameters of models of aggregated data and of original data are examined in this paper. It is also shown that the aggregated data can be more accurately predicted by using a valid model of the original data than by using a valid model of the aggregated data. This property is particularly important in forecasting annual values because only a few annual values are usually available and the resulting forecasts are relatively inaccurate if models based only on annual data are used. The relationships and forecasting equations are developed for general aggregation time and can be used for hourly and daily, daily and monthly or monthly and yearly data. The method is illustrated by using monthly and yearly streamflow data. The results indicate that various statistical characteristics and parameters of the model of annual data can be accurately estimated by using the monthly data and forecasts of annual data by using monthly models have smaller one step ahead mean square error than those obtained by using annual data models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00170.x
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  • 25
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    PARAMETRIC/NONPARAMETRIC MIXTURE DENSITY ESTIMATION WITH APPLICATION TO FLOOD-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Much attention has been invested in the model choice problem for peak annual flows, in the context of flood frequency analysis. The authors would sidestep this dilemma through non-parametric density estimation methodology, but recognize that the standard nonparametric estimators preclude the use of prior information and related data, and furthermore have virtually no tail at all. Here we offer a remedy for these inadequacies by introducing an estimator which mixes parametric and nonparametric density estimates. We prove that our mixture rule is consistent. By this procedure, we do allow incorporation of prior information, experience, and regional data information, but nevertheless provide a safeguard against incorrect model choice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00173.x
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  • 26
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    BAYESIAN MODELS OF FORECASTED TIME SERIES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Bayesian Processor of Forecasts (BPF) combines a prior distribution, which describes the natural uncertainty about the realization of a hydrologic process, with a likelihood function, which describes the uncertainty in categorical forecasts of that process, and outputs a posterior distribution of the process, conditional upon the forecasts. The posterior distribution provides a means of incorporating uncertain forecasts into optimal decision models. We present fundamentals of building BPF for time series. They include a general formulation, stochastic independence assumptions and their interpretation, computationally tractable models for forecasts of an independent process and a first-order Markov process, and parametric representations for normal-linear processes. An example is shown of an application to the annual time series of seasonal snowmelt runoff volume forecasts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00174.x
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    AN EVALUATION OF EIGHT WASTELOAD ALLOCATION METHODS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Evidence suggests that there is no superior wasteload allocation method. Eight allocation strategies have been evaluated based on: total cost of implementation, equity in distributing costs and loads among dischargers, effectiveness in use of available waste assimilative capacity, and sensitivity to changes in water-quality-related variables. One method, which allocated equal percentages of the maximum allowable dissolved oxygen deficit, was eliminated as a feasible strategy because it led to excessive costs and overly conservative load estimates. The other seven methods remained viable alternatives. Two methods proved to be insensitive to changes in the water-quality-related variables tested, which may be advantageous in certain applications. This report presents seven workable alternatives that may be used in wasteload allocation and demonstrates a procedure to determine the practicability of other methods.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00177.x
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    MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLY IN CIUDAD JUAREZ, MEXICO (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Rapid industrialization and population growth in the north Mexican desert city of Ciudad Juarez are placing a serious strain on the city's municipal water resources. Water deliveries and service area have more than doubled over the past decade, and plans for additional expansion are presently being implemented. This expansion is already contributing to water table declines and salinity increases in the Mexican portion of the Heuco Bolson, the sole source of water for the city. Continued mining of the limited fresh water reserves should produce serious water supply problems in the near future. New estimates of future water consumption incorporated into a digital aquifer simulation model indicate that these problems may show up much sooner than was anticipated in previous investigations. The results of this study point to the need to accelerate the gathering of basic data on alternative water resources. The problems faced by Cd. Juarez are illustrative of the kinds of difficulties likely to confront other rapidly developing cities of the arid zone.
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    MEASURED AND CREAMS-PREDICTED NITROGEN LOSSES FROM TOMATO AND CORN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Nitrogen runoff and leaching losses from two tomato and four corn field plots were compared to model predictions by CREAMS, a field-scale model for Chemicals, Runoff, and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems. The tomato treatments were (1) trickle irrigation with one-half of applied N at preplant and one-half of applied N through the trickle irrigation system and (2) overhead sprinkler irrigation with one-half of applied N at preplant and one-half of applied N in two equal sidedressings. The corn treatments consisted of multiple N applications, minimum tillage, and “conventional” management. Soil type appeared to influence the ability of CREAMS to predict seasonal trends and treatment influences. Model predictions for N losses from tomato and corn treatments that were located on sandy soils often disagreed with measured values. Treatment influences and seasonal trends for N losses from corn treatments that were located on a higher clay content soil were more satisfactorily predicted by CREAMS. Even though model input parameter estimation and measurement techniques may be imperfect, the simulation ability of CREAMS for predicting N leaching losses from systems on deep sands probably needs to be improved. Sensitivity analyses indicated that annual NC3−-N leaching loss predictions were either minimally or not affected by changes in saturated hydraulic conductivity. Input estimations of the fraction of soil pore space filled at field capacity and soil organic matter were inversely related to annual NO3−-N leaching losses, while potential mineralizable N was directly related to yearly N leaching losses.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00181.x
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    THE 1985–86 NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL DEBATE TOPIC (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb05367.x
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    FLOODPLAIN STORAGE AND LAND USE ANALYSIS AT THE WOODLANDS, TEXAS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The Woodlands, a totally planned community north of Houston, Texas, was studied in detail in an effort to develop a master drainage plan which minimizes adverse impact on the 100-year floodplain. A total of 40 HEC-1 and HEC-2 computer runs were made to evaluate various development, channelization, and reservoir storage options.
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    PREDICTING IMPACTS FROM WATER CONSERVATION AND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ON THE SALTON SEA, CALIFORNIA (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : An input-output model was developed to predict changes in Salton Sea salinity and water level until the year 2000 due to proposed water conservation efforts and geothermal and solar pond energy developments. The model SALINP provided good agreement with the observed salinities for 1960–80. While SALINP was not overly sensitive to one-year changes in any of the major inputs, a change in the historical means of the Imperial Valley runoff and evaporative loss inputs produced a significant effect on future predictions. The proposed water conservation measures caused the predicted Salton Sea salinity for 2000 to greatly exceed 40,000 ppm, the level at which adverse effects to wildlife are believed to occur. The possible geothermal development also produced predicted salinities considerably above 40,000 ppm. The salinity predictions for solar ponds by themselves and in conjunction with geothermal development were below 45,000 ppm for 2000. The solar pond and geothermal combination also resulted in a predicted lowering of the “natural” water level by 5 to 7 feet by 2000.
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    NEBRASKA'S SANDHILLS LAKES: A HYDROGEOLOGIC OVERVIEW (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Lakes, marshes and wet meadows occur in the broad, flat, interdune valleys of the Nebraska Sandhills, a vegetation-stabilized dune field underlain by sediments containing an enormous supply of groundwater. Hydrologic, geologic and possibly climatologic factors influence the chemical quality of lake water. Central and eastern lakes generally are in connection with the groundwater reservoir. The hydrologic nature of western lakes and the cause of their high alkalinity is not fully understood. Lakes in close proximity may vary in both their chemical characteristics and in the degree to which they change in size and depth over time. Climatic, hydrogeologic and natural lake-aging processes of accumulation of organics appear to be primarily responsible for lake-size variations.
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Book review in this ArticleRandom Functions in Hydrology, R. L. Bras and I. Rodriguez-Iturbe.State of the Environment: An Assessment at Mid-Decade.Siting Hazardous Waste Management Facilities, The Conservation Foundation. The Conservation Foundation, Chemical Manufacturers Assoc, and the National Audubon Society.Principles of Water Quality, Thomas D. Waite.Geomorphology, R. J. Chorley, S. A. Schumm, and D. E. Sug-den.Surface Water Treatment for Communities in Developing Countries, C. R. Schulz and D. A. Okun.Analysis of Water Distribution Systems, Thomas M. Walski.California Riparian Systems, R. E. Warner and K. M. Hendrix (Editors).TVA: Fifty Years of Grass-Roots Bureaucracy, E. C. Hargrove and P. K. Conkin (Editors).Fluvial Hydrology, S. Lawrence Dingman. W. H. FreemanGoing Sour: Science and Politics of Acid Rain, Roy Gould.Introduction to Environmental Engineering, M. L. DAvis and D. A. Cornwell.An Introduction to the World's Oceans, A. C. Duxbury and A. Duxbury.The Climatic Scene, M. J. Tooley and G. M. Sheail (Editors).Impounded Rivers: Perspectives for Ecological Management, Geoffrey E. Petts.Groundwater-Leachate: Modeling/Monitoring/Sampling, P. N. Cheremisinoff, K. A. Gigliello, and T. K. O'Neill.
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    BEDLOAD TRANSPORT IN A POOL-RIFFLE SEQUENCE OF A COASTAL ALASKA STREAM (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A Helley-Smith pressure differential bedload sampler was used to measure bedload transport at consecutive riffle sections of a riffle-pool-riffle sequence on Bambi Creek, a small (154 ha), second-order stream on Chichagof Island, Alaska, during four storms over a 2-year period. Maximum bedload transport rate measured was 4920 kg/h at a streamflow of 2.35 m3/s corresponding to a storm having a 5-year return interval. Transport of larger sediment (〉 8 mm) varied systematically with streamflow at the two sampling locations. At flows up to approximately bankfull, transport of large sediment was greatest at the upstream site; at flows above bankfull, transport of large sediment was greatest at the downstream site. The net import of large sediment to the pool during moderate stormflows and net export of large sediment from the pool during flows above bankfull may be related to a “convergence” or “reversal” of competence between the upstream riffle and subsequent pool at flows approximating bankfull stage. Cross-sections monitored within the study reach indicate that stormflows resulted in net filling of the riffle sections and net scour of the pool; periods of low streamflow resulted in net scour of the riffles and net filling of the pooL
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    SOME SIMPLE MODELS FOR CONTINUOUS VARIATE TIME SERIES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A survey is given of recently developed models for continuous variate non–Gaussian time series. The emphasis is on marginally specific models with given correlation structure. Exponential, Gamma, Weibull, Laplace, Beta and Mixed Exponential models are considered for the marginal distributions of the stationary time series. Most of the models are random coefficient, additive linear models. Some discussion of the meaning of autoregression and linearity is given, as well as suggestions for higher–order linear residual analysis for non–Gaussian models.
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    SOME SIMPLE MODELS FOR DISCRETE VARIATE TIME SERIES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Simple models are presented for use in the modeling and generation of sequences of dependent discrete random variables. The models are essentially Markov Chains, but are structurally autoregressions, and so depend on only a few parameters. The marginal distribution is an intrinsic component in the specification of each model, and the Poisson, Geometric, Negative Binomial and Binomial distributions are considered. Details are also given for the introduction of time-dependence into the means of the sequences so that seaonality can be treated simply.
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    THRESHOLD TIME SERIES MODELING OF TWO ICELANDIC RIVERFLOW SYSTEMS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : This paper reports our experience in building time series models which connect the flows in two Icelandic rivers with the meteorological variables of precipitation and temperature. Two rivers with different hydrological characteristics were studied. In areas where precipitation may be either in the form of rain or snow linear models are inadequate to describe the relationship between the river and the meteorological variables. The methodology of threshold models recently developed seems to be well suited for taking into account the sharp difference in the relationship according to whether it is freezing or not. The possibility of identifying an alternative threshold variable is also explored.
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    FRACTIONAL DIFFERENCING MODELING IN HYDROLOGY (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Fractional differencing is a tool for modeling time series which have long-term dependence; i.e., series in which the correlation between distant observations, though small, is not negligible. Fractionally differenced ARIMA models are formed by permitting the differencing parameter d in the familiar Box-Jenkins ARIMA(p, d, q) models to take nonintegral values; they permit the simultaneous modeling of the long-term and short-term behavior of an observed time series. This paper discusses the usefulness of fractional differencing to time-series modeling, with emphasis on hydrologic applications. A methodology for fitting fractionally differenced ARIMA models is described, and examples are presented.
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    CONTEMPORANEOUS AUTOREGRESSIVE-MOVING AVERAGE (CARMA) MODELING IN WATER RESOURCES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The Contemporaneous Autoregressive-Moving Average (CARMA) model is a simple and efficient model that can be used to fit many multivariate hydrological time series. For certain types of multistation river flow systems, the CARMA model is naturally obtained when the physical restrictions of the system or the characteristics of the data are taken in consideration during the formulation of the model. It is shown how the CARMA model can optimally be used to handle multiple time series where the number of observations in each series may be different. Adequate model building techniques, as well as computational and statistical efficient algorithms to estimate the parameters of the model, are given. The methodologies and applications of the CARMA model are illustrated with three examples. It is also shown how the full multivariate ARMA model may lead to losses in efficient of the estimators when the CARMA model is adequate.
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    ESTIMATING REGIONAL SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT WITH A SIMPLE SIMULATION MODEL (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: A simple simulation model designed to monitor snow-packs of the central Sierra Nevada is described. The model estimates average snow water equivalent for rectangular subregions in the area. Static subregion characteristics, daily precipitation and mean and minimum air temperatures measured at three index stations are the only needed input values. A water balance technique simulates daily snowpack changes in each subregion. Reasonable basinwide water equivalent values are produced. The procedure should be useful for estimating snow water distribution in large mountainous watersheds.
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    FLOWING WATER RESOURCES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Using data related to stream order and the morphological characteristics associated with streams of different discharge rates, an estimate of the river resources of the United States is made. The national totals are: 3,200,000 miles total length of rivers; 15,000 square miles of river surface; and 29 cubic miles of water stored in river channels. Using the same techniques, more exact estimates may be made for individual river basins. Suggestions are given for application of the techniques and river data in the management of water resources.
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    ADDRESSING SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Understanding social goals and objectives and incorporating them in water resources planning, management, education and engineering processes is the key to solving many current and emerging water resources problems. Water resources professionals must turn more of their attention to this issue. Various avenues are open for their involvement. They include lobbying, participating in government, education and research, publishing, establishing institutions, interacting with the public and analyzing existing systems.
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Book Reviewed in this article:Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, R. L. Jolley, et al. (Editors).Sewerage and Sewage Treatment, L. Escritt (Edited and Revised by W. D. Haworth)Stabilisation, Disinfection and Odour Control in Sewage Sludge Treatment (An Annotated Bibliography Covering the Period 1950–1983), A. M. Bruce and E. S. Connor (Editors).The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces, Jonathan I. Charney (Editor).Principles of Water Quality, Thomas D. Waite.A Modular Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Groundwater Flow Model, Michael G. McDonald and Arlen W. Harbaugh.Renewable Resources Management: Applications of Remote Sensing, P. A. Murtha and R. A. Harding (Editors).Groundwater Transport: Handbook of Mathematical Models, J. Javendal, C. Doughty and C. F. Tsang.Natural Resources and the Environment, Paul R. Portney (Editor).Coping With Droughts, V. Yevjevich, L. da Cunha (Editor).A Citizen's Guide to River Conservation, R. Diamant, J. G. Eugster and C. J. Duerksen.
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    PRESIDENT'S PAGE (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    IRRIGATION AND GROUNDWATER DEPLETION IN CADDO COUNTY, OKLAHOMA (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Similar groundwater problems associated with the Ogallala in western Oklahoma are beginning to affect aquifers much farther east. A rapid decline in the water table has been detected in Caddo County, Oklahoma. Ninety-six percent of the groundwater resources used in Caddo County are used for irrigation. Severe consequences for farmers, especially peanut growers, are possible in the near future.
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    FLOOD-RUNOFF FORECASTING WITH HEC1F (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: HEC1F is a computer program for making short- to medium-term forecasts of uncontrolled flood runoff. The program employs unit hydrographs and hydrologic routing to simulate runoff from a subdivided basin. Estimates of future rainfall can be accommodated. Runoff parameters for gaged headwater subbasins can be estimated (optimized) in real time. Blending of calculated with observed hydrographs can be performed. HEC1F is a component of an on-line software system that includes capability for data acquisition and processing, precipitation analysis, streamflow forecasting, reservoir system analysis, and graphical display of data and simulation results. The conceptual framework for HEC1F is described, and application of the program is illustrated.
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    EVALUATING THE OPTIONS FOR WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The agricultural revolution occurred because the un-managed environment was not providing food in either the quantity or quality that society desired. The “environmental revolution” is developing because the unmanaged environment is clearly not capable of assimilating societal wastes without being seriously degraded. Effective environmental management will require regional and site-specific modification of general principles and practices that can be used at a national or international level. An environmental management system can be operated in the same manner as any industrial quality control system with three basic components: (a) sensors at appropriate locations, (b) rapid generation and feedback of information, and (c) a quality control group capable of taking immediate effective action when system performance is outside predetermined boundary conditions. This discussion focuses primarily on three areas: (a) management options available to regulate intrusion of societal wastes into natural systems, (b) types of methods available for predicting and validating effects on natural systems, and (c) modifications of present legislation that would permit the most flexibility in selecting from the various management options. Also considered are multispecies toxicity tests using species with cosmopolitan distribution in test systems with a high degree of environmental realism. Among the many values of such tests is the ability to exchange information from all parts of the world effectively because the test organisms are not restricted to a particular geographic region.
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    ASSESSMENT OF REMOTE SENSING INPUT TO HYDROLOGIC MODELS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Remotely sensed variables such as land cover type and snow-cover extent can currently be used directly and effectively in a few specific hydrologic models. Regression models can also be developed using physiographic and snow-cover data to permit estimation of discharge characteristics over extended periods such as a season or year. Most models, however, are not of an appropriate design to readily accept as input the various types of remote sensing parameters that can be obtained now or in the future. Because this new technology has the potential for producing hydrologic data that has significant information content on an areal basis, both inexpensively and repetitively, effort should be devoted now to either modifying existing models or developing new models that can use these data. Minor modifications would at least allow the remote sensing data to be used in an ancillary way to update the model state variables, whereas major structural modifications or new models would permit direct input of the data through remote sensing compatible algorithms. Although current remote sensing inputs to hydrologic models employ only visible and near infrared data, model modification or development should accommodate microwave and thermal infrared data that will be more widely available in the future.
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    CORRELATION OF ANNUAL PEAK FLOWS FOR PENNSYLVANIA STREAMS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: A common assumption in flood frequency analysis is that annual peak flows are independent events. This study was undertaken to investigate the validity of this assumption with regard to Pennsylvania streams by statistically analyzing the dependence between annual peak flows and to determine if basin carryover effects relate to the degree of dependence. Five tests of dependence, the autocorrelation test, the median crossing test, the turning points test, the rank difference test, and the Spearman rank order serial correlation coefficient test were applied to the series of annual peak flows for 57 streams. Of the 57 streams analyzed, only two exhibited signs of dependence by at least two of the tests performed, and the baseflow component of annual peak flows was found to be unrelated to the degree of dependence exhibited between annual peak flows. It was concluded that the assumption of independence of annual peak flows is valid in flood frequency analysis for Pennsylvania streams.
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    REVERSIBLE ADSORPTION OF AQUEOUS DIVALENT COPPER ION BY ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Sediments were equilibrated with solutions containing divalent copper ion. A colorimetric method using the triethylenete-tramine complex of the metal ion was employed to measure changes in uptake of copper by the sediments. Studies were made with sediments from rivers in the British Isles which were in the proximity of areas which had been mined for metals for several hundred years. For comparison, similar studies were performed with a sample of sand and a soil with a high organic content. It was possible to follow the uptake of copper ion by the materials and estimate their abilities to adsorb copper ion. In particular, a strong correlation was observed between the organic content of the sediment and the total amount of copper adsorbed by the sample. Under the employed circumstances it was possible to demonstrate that the adsorption of the metal ion was reversible.
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    FOG DRIP, WATER YIELD, AND TIMBER HARVESTING IN THE BULL RUN MUNICIPAL WATERSHED, OREGON (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Analysis of recent streamflow data from the Fox Creek Experimental Watersheds in the Bull Run Municipal Watershed, Oregon, indicates a significant recovery from the impacts on summer water yield due to a loss of fog drip upon timber harvesting. Measurable impacts and their associated recovery are notable only during the months of June and July. Recovery begins about five or six years following harvest, possibly due to renewed fog drip from prolific revegetation. Watershed positioning with respect to prevailing weather systems and the extent of burning or removal of slash and residual vegetation during logging appear to be important factors in predicting the impact of fog drip reduction associated with planned harvest. Apparently, once the temporary reduction in summer yield is offset by renewed fog drip, the expected increase in yield due to decreased evapotranspiration can be observed. Redistribution of fog drip may be a major factor in the measurements of local interception and water yield.
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    WATERFALL REAERATION IN THE PASSAIC RIVER (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: The effects of waterfall-induced turbulence on the dissolved oxygen concentration of the Passaic River (New Jersey) at two mostly natural waterfalls were observed during a five-month period encompassing high to low temperature and flow. A parameter defined by past investigators as the “deficit ratio” was found to be useful for mathematically describing the results. The Great Falls system showed the deficit ratio to be an inverse function of temperature for all events, with good correlation. A relationship was developed for the Little Falls system under low flow showing the deficit ratio to likewise be an inverse function of temperature and a power function of flow.
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    TREATING WATER INSTITUTIONS AS ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES: DEMONSTRATION OF A CONCEPTUAL MODEL (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Institutional innovation is central to many water resource problems. (In this context “institutions” refers to the laws and regulations governing water allocation and use.) Yet, typically, economic analyses treat institutions as exogenous and fixed. Unfortunately, this conventional assumption does not allow economists to address many modern problems. This paper develops an economic framework in which institutions are treated as endogenous. The model accounts for (1) factors that stimulate calls for formal institutional change, (2) the role of interest groups in policymaking, and (3) actual institutional change as it impacts choice domains and thus economic performance. The model is compared to a specific case of change in Colorado's water institutions, namely, instream water rights legislation in the 1970's. The empirical evidence is generally consistent with model hypotheses. The model promises to be useful to scholars and policymakers interested in institutional innovation.
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    PLANNING FOR DROUGHT: THE ROLE OF STATE GOVERNMENT (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Although droughts are a frequent occurrence over much of the United States, response by state and federal government has been ineffective and poorly coordinated. Recently, several states have recognized the value of drought emergency planning and have developed plans to assist them in responding more effectively to prolonged periods of water shortage. These states have created an organizational structure to coordinate the assessment and response activities of state and federal agencies. Each state's drought response plan is unique since each state's water supply and management problems, and their consequent impacts, are unique. The drought response plans developed by Colorado, South Dakota and New York are reviewed here in detail. We recommend that other states affected by frequent and severe water shortages also develop drought emergency plans. These plans will enhance state government's ability to implement effective measures in a timely manner and, ultimately, may provide added incentive for the federal government to develop the national drought response plan called for by the General Accounting Office in 1979.
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    VARIABILITY IN MEASURED BEDLO AD-TRANSPORT RATES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Variability in bedload-transport rates during constant water discharge is an inherent part of the bedload-transport process. Although this variability has been measured extensively in the laboratory, similar information generally is not available from field measurements. During a four-day period of nearly constant water discharge, four sets of consecutively collected bedload samples, ranging from 43 to 120 samples, were obtained at the same cross channel location using a standard 65-pound Helley-Smith bedload sampler. When the measured transport rates are converted to dimensionless rates and plotted as cumulative frequency distributions, they show good agreement with a theoretical probability distribution function of rates derived for the case of ripples on dunes. The distributions show that during constant water discharge individual measured rates at a fixed point vary from near zero to four times the mean rate, and 60 percent of the sampled rates will be less than the mean. Because of the large variation in transport rates that occurs at every location in the cross section, many observations are required to establish an accurate estimate of the mean rate at any given location.
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    TOXIC EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM AND SHALE JP-4 AND JP-8 AVIATION FUELS ON FATHEAD MINNOWS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Static 96-hour median lethal concentrations were determined for the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of both petroleum-derived and shale-derived avaiation fuels (JP-4 and JP-8) using fathead minnows. JP-8 was more toxic than JP-4 except for one shale JP-4 sample that was as toxic as the JP-8. Petroleum and shale JP-8 were similar in toxicity. The toxicity of shale JP-4 was less clear. Shale JP-4 from three vendor sources revealed differing toxicity values. One shale JP-4 sample was more toxic and one less toxic than its petroleum analogue, with the third being equally toxic. Toxicity of the fuels may be enhanced by compounds in the WSF that correspond to chemicals containing 10 or more carbon atoms.
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    A MATRIX AND ACCOMPANYING CLASSIFICATIONS FOR IDENTIFYING WATER RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND NEEDS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A matrix was developed of problems with the functional use of water resources (rows) and functions served by water resources research (columns). A classification of water problems and a classification of research fields also were developed to accompany the matrix. The matrix and classification schemes were used when preparing the five-year research and development plan of the Water Resources Center of The Ohio State University. They were used: (1) to classify each research project that had been supported by the Water Resources Center from 1965 through 1980, (2) to guide interviews with personnel of federal and state agencies and university faculty who assisted in defining Ohio's water research needs, (3) to organize responses received during these interviews, and (4) to arrive at a selected list of ten problems with the functional use of Ohio's water resources that were prioritized based upon opinions received from water-related officials throughout the state. Other matrices and classification schemes are reviewed that were revised and expanded upon when formulating the ones used in Ohio. Suggestions are given regarding further development of the functional matrix and accompanying classifications as well as their use in administration of the cooperative federal-state water resources research program and other federal water resources research programs.
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    LITIGATION and LEGISLATION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    ASSOCIATION AFFAIRS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    OPTIMAL IDENTIFICATION OF MUSKINGUM ROUTING COEFFICIENTS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Traditionally, identification of the Muskingum routing coefficients has been based on observations of the linearity of a loop formed by graphically plotting a forward and a reverse path. This graphical procedure is time-consuming and may not minimize the error of estimation.A procedure was developed to improve the drawbacks of the graphical method. This procedure calls for (a) the use of least square regression on the forward and reverse paths to determine their respective slopes, and (b) the use of statistical t-test to evaluate the hypothesis that these two slopes are equal. The computational procedure is repeated, using incremental values of the flow weighting coefficient, x. A graph of the computed t-value versus x can be constructed. The optimal value of x, as read from the graph, occurs at the minimum computed t-value. The procedure has been demonstrated superior to the graphical method for three illustrative examples, resulting in a reduction of the error squares by factors ranging from 5 to 6.
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    PREDICTIVE MODELS FOR THE BIOMASS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE IN LAKES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: In lakes which experience water quality problems due to the nuisance growth of blue-green algae, summer concentrations of chlorophyll a may not always be a meaningful measure of water quality for making management decisions. Models for the prediction of summer mean blue-green algal biomass were thus developed from data collected from five systems located in North America and Sweden. It is suggested that the model of choice is log BG =−0.142 + 0.596 log TP – 0.963 log Z, where BG is the biomass of blue-green algae (g m−3), TP is the concentration of total phosphorus (mg m−3), and Z is the mean depth of the lake (m). When coupled to current loading models, this model can potentially be used to assess the impacts of phosphorus loading reductions on threshold odor in water supplies.
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    INTERACTION BETWEEN RIPARIAN VEGETATION, WATER TEMPERATURE, AND SALMONID HABITAT IN THE TUCANNON RIVER (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : This analysis relates physical-process, ecological, and economic models to: (1) analyze the instream water temperatures with respect to existing and proposed riparian vegetation under natural conditions; (2) use these water temperatures to determine salmon and steel-head fish populations that were based upon actual field count and known temperature preference data; and (3) determine the economic worth based upon the estimated carrying capacity of the river, the estimated number of return spawners, and the economic value of commercially caught and sport-caught salmon and steelhead. The economic evaluations are in accordance with procedures outlined by the U.S. Water Resources Council (1983).
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    PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS IN THE USE OF STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING FOR RESERVOIR OPERATION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A stochastic dynamic programming model is applied to a small hydroelectric system. The variation in number of stage iterations and the computer time required to reach steady state conditions with changes in the number of storage states is investigated. The increase in computer time required to develop the storage probability distributions with increase in the number of storage states is reviewed. It is found that for an average of seven inflow states, the largest number of storage states for which it is computationally feasible to develop the storage probability distributions is nine. It is shown that use of the dynamic program results based on a small number of storage states results in unrealistically skewed storage probability distributions. These skewed distributions are attributed to “trapping” states at the low end of the storage range.
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    A STUDY OF RESIDENTIAL STORMWATER IMPOUNDMENTS: PERCEPTIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The traditional solution to stormwater runoff from housing developments has been stormwater sewer systems. A newer and increasingly popular solution is some sort of impoundment or “lake” within the development, which is thought to be cheaper, to provide recreation, to improve the aesthetics of the environment, and to increase property values. Little is known of the acceptability of these to public officials, developers, or potential residents, or of their policy implications. Two such developments in Mississauga, Ontario, were studied, in terms of the perceptions and opinions of a random sample of residents and of officials who had been involved in their planning and management. The areas have attracted a relatively young group, just beginning their child-bearing years, with relatively high income and education. The lakes appear to be popular, and relatively successful, especially the one which provides more recreational opportunities, and which has had fewer maintenance problems. The major problems are visual and safety. The City, and to some extent the developers, are seen as the appropriate groups to manage and maintain the lakes. Some suggestions, based on residents' and officials' responses, are presented for future designs and policy formulation.
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    DINOSAUR NATIONAL MONUMENT: THE EVOLUTION OF A FEDERAL RESERVED WATER RIGHT (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Dinosaur National Monument, in northwestern Colorado, has become a test case in the establishment of a federal reserved water right to instream flows. For the first time, the Interior Department was forced to rigorously defend its claims in a watershed where the federal government did not control the upstream reaches. Inadequate quantification of minimum flow requirements, court orders, and an apparent Congressional ban on the spending of Water Resources Program funds by the Park Service to quantify its water rights have already placed the Service in a difficult position to protect instream flows for maintaining the ecological integrity of the Monument. As late as 1983, administrators of the Park Service were divided over their legal strategy, many wanting to pursue a policy of claiming “natural, historic” flows rather than “minimum” flows. The conditional right to instream flows panted to the Park Service in 1978 was subject to quantification within five years. That deadline has been extended, but it is not likely that the case will reach final settlement this decade. Until the design and conduct of federal water rights quantifications better integrate public policy and law with science, the principle lesson from Dinosaur may have to be repeated.
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    AWRA CORPORATE MEMBERS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    AWRA INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Book review in this ArticleSettling Things: Six Case Studies in Environmental Mediation, Allan R. Talbot. Earl Finbar MurphyClimate and Development Asit K. BiswasHydrology in Practice Elizabeth M. ShawScale-up of Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Nor-bert W. Schmidtke Daniel W. SmithEnvironmental Effects of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Sewage Sludge R. D. DavisSoil Erosion: Crisis in America's Croplands? Sandra S. Batie, Roger McHenryAn Introduction to Water Quality Modeling A. James JyS. WuTrihalomethane Reduction in Drinking Water Gordon CulpAnalysis of Pesticides in Water A. S. Y. ChauChemistry for Protection of the Environment Horst F. SiewertWater Resources, Geography, and Law, Olen Paul Matthews.Unit Operations and Processes in Environmental Engineering Tom D. Reynolds.Greenhouse Effect and Sea Level Rise M. C. Barth J. G. TitusMethods of Characterization of Sewage Sludge T. J. Casey, P. L'Hermite, P. J. NewmanDrainage of Asphalt Pavement Structures Joseph T. BarrowGroundwater Contamination Commi/afttee Douglas S. CherkauerWater Crisis: Ending the Policy Drought Terry L. Anderson.Chemistry of Irrigated Soils Rachel Levy Arthur W. HounslowEngineering Fluid Mechanics (3rd Edition) J. A. RobersonEnvironment Canada and the North: The Perceptions, Roles, and Policies of the Department of the Environment Regarding Development North of 60°Epichlorohydrin Environmental Health Criteria 33Natural Levels of Lead in Humans C. C. Patterson.Saving Endangered Species: A Report and Plan for Action Allen E. Smith.Scotland's Environment During the Last 30,000 Years Robert J. Price.Seasonal Restrictions on Dredging Projects by NMFS in the NortheastStatistical Methods for Engineers Richard H. McCuen.Summary Report: Study to Determine the Impact of Landward Bulkheads or Alternative Structures on Marshes Janie H. Harris.Survival and Growth of Warmwater Fishes Exposed to Ammonia Under Low Flow Conditions J. P. SwigertSustaining Tomorrow: A Strategy for World Conservation and Development F. R. Thibodeau H. H. FieldThe Visual Display of Quantitative Information Edward R. Tufte.Water Supply R. UrbistondoWetland Ecology John R. Etherington.
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    1985 MEMBERSHIP PLAN AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    LAKE EVAPORATION STUDIES USING SATELLITE THERMAL INFRARED DATA (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Thermal infrared radiation data were acquired by the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) satellite over the surface area (385 km2) of Utah Lake during periodic overpasses in 1978 and 1979. The thermal infrared data were converted to lake surface temperatures which were subsequently used in correlations with lake evaporation. Correlations between HCMM surface temperature and pan-derived evaporation exceeded r = 0.90 when HCMM night and day/night average temperatures and two-day average evaporation values were tested. Similar regression studies were done using monthly data from a conceptual evaporation model and the evaporation pan versus monthly HCMM temperature data. In this test both the HCMM day and night monthly temperature versus the monthly model or pan evaporation had correlations exceeding r = 0.95. Empirical estimates of both short and long term lake evaporation using satellite thermal infrared data seem feasible. Attempts to use the HCMM thermal information as direct input to a theoretical approach to calculating evaporation were inconclusive; however, a definite potential seems to exist.
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    Static relativistic perfect fluids with spherical, plane, or hyperbolic symmetry (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2268-2274 
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    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: This article examines the Einstein field of equations of general relativity, when the source of the gravitational field is a perfect fluid, and the geometry is static and possesses spherical, plane, or hyperbolic symmetry. This examination unifies, extends, and amends some earlier works. It is shown that a previous qualitative treatment of static spherically symmetric perfect fluids that obey a γ-law equation of state can be extended to include the cases of plane and hyperbolic symmetry. In the case of plane symmetry, the exact solution is provided for general values of γ. This indicates defects in an earlier prescription that was given for a general equation of state.
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    Relativistic, stationary, axisymmetric perfect fluids. II. Solutions with vanishing magnetic Weyl tensor (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2279-2281 
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    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The formalism of the previous article is used to obtain solutions of Einstein's field equations for the interior of a rigidly rotating perfect fluid, with zero magnetic Weyl tensor. It is found that these solutions cannot represent isolated rotating masses.
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    On the asymptotics of distributions with support in cone (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2335-2341 
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    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The asymptotic behaviors of tempered distributions with support in a convex, closed cone are classified by means of group theory. The notion of regularly varying distribution is introduced. An Abelian–Tauberian theorem for regularly varying tempered distributions, which generalizes the one-dimensional Abelian–Tauberian theorem of Hardy–Littlewood–Karamata and the many-dimensional extension due to Vladimirov, is proved. Applications to n-point functions are also presented.
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    The vector form of the neutrino equation and the photon neutrino duality (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2346-2349 
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    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: A new form of the vector wave equation for a neutrino is derived that makes the relation to the massive case more transparent than that given by Reifler. Some new aspects of the photon neutrino duality are discussed.
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    Convergent expansions for excited glueball masses in 2+1 strongly coupled lattice gauge theories (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2342-2345 
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    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: It is known that the mass spectrum of a strongly coupled (β=2/g2 small) 2+1 Wilson action lattice gauge theory contains a mass m0∼−4 ln β and two excited masses m1, m2∼−6 ln β and that m0+4 ln β has a convergent expansion in powers of β. We show that m1, m2 admit convergent expansions of the form −6 ln β+r(β), where r(β) is analytic at β=0. Furthermore, a finite lattice algorithm is given for determining cn, the nth β=0 Taylor coefficient of r(β). Here, cn only depends on a finite number of β=0 Taylor series coefficients of the plaquette–plaquette, plaquette–double plaquette, and double plaquette–double plaquette truncated correlation functions at a finite number of points. For the gauge group Z2, by duality, m1, m2 map to bound states of the low-temperature Ising model; a possible relation between an increasing number of bound states and roughening is discussed.
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    Statistical theory of scattering and propagation through a rough boundary–The Bethe–Salpeter equation and applications (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2352-2369 
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    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: A systematic theory is given for a general class of scalar waves by introducing a surface Green's function, which is a 2×2 matrix function governed by boundary equations, transferred onto two reference boundary planes enclosing the real boundary inside. It is subjected to several symmetries, including a relation eventually leading to optical relations. Governing equations of statistical surface Green's functions of first and second orders are obtained unperturbatively in exactly the same way as for a random medium, on replacing the medium to a surface impedance. Two operator methods are introduced to obtain the surface impedance and integral equations of reflection–transmission coefficients exactly for a given boundary change. The space Green's functions outside the boundary are obtained by a simple continuation of the surface Green's functions, and scattering cross sections are obtained from their asymptotic expressions at large distances. Various quantities and equations associated with the incoherent waves are written exactly by the introduction of a scattering matrix, as contrasted with the conventional one for a coherent scatterer. A slightly rough boundary is investigated, with the cross sections for both reflected and transmitted waves, where obtained equations are significant also for higher-order effects, including multiple scattering. An application to boundary-value problems in layer transport is suggested.
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    Hamiltonian approach to the existence of magnetic surfaces (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2370-2380 
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    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: A method is devised to investigate the existence of magnetic surfaces and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) plasma equilibria in 3-D toroidal geometry. The key feature of this method is the utilization of a Hamiltonian formulation of the lines of force. Expanding the contravariant components of the magnetic field and scalar pressure in distance ρ from the magnetic axis, the 1-D Hamiltonian for the lines of force is written out explicitly. The Hamiltonian is then transformed to action-angle variables. It is shown that the action J corresponds to pressure in the equilibrium problem. Specifically, it is shown that if J is an invariant, then constant pressure and hence magnetic surfaces exist. A procedure of repeated canonical transformations is formulated and carried out to displace the coordinate dependence in the Hamiltonian to successively higher order in the expansion parameter, and thus make J an increasingly better adiabatic invariant. Arising in each successive canonical transformation is a series of potentially resonant denominators, i.e., denominators that may vanish. These potential resonances are identified, their significance explicated, and methods of handling them suggested.
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    The continuity of dislocations (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2383-2385 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Dislocation continuity is derived from the Bilby–Kondo theory of dislocations using exterior calculus. Dislocation density is represented by the torsion vector-valued two-form. Burgers vectors are associated with the vector part of the torsion while dislocation lines are associated with the two-form part. The exterior derivative of the torsion is shown to vanish when the crystal curvature vanishes. This implies two simultaneous continuity conditions: Burgers vector conservation and continuity of dislocation lines. On the other hand, dislocation continuity is violated when the curvature does not vanish. Since this can occur on grain boundaries it is inferred that grain boundaries are regions where crystal curvature is concentrated.
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    The adsorption of simple particles on a 2×N lattice space (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2392-2395 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Utilizing a 15-term recursion relation that describes exactly the composite nearest neighbor degeneracy for simple indistinguishable particles on a 2×N lattice, the adsorption isotherm is calculated and it is shown analytically that coverage as a function of the gas phase pressure exhibits no discontinuity, i.e., that no phase transition can occur.
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    Canonical map approach to channeling stability in crystals (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 1925-1935 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We state and prove rigorous mathematical results on the orbital stability of certain rectilinear trajectories of sufficiently energetic particles subjected to appropriate periodic potentials. This is done in the context of nontrivial classical Hamiltonian models, nonrelativistic and relativistic, in two space dimensions. The main steps involved in the proofs are the derivation of the asymptotic form of certain canonical maps in the plane in the limit of large particle energies and the application of a version of Moser's twist theorem. When suitably specialized, these results establish rigorously for the first time that the pertinent straight-line channeling trajectories of fast particles in two-dimensional rigid crystal lattices have this stability property under reasonable conditions on the crystal potential.
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    On a particular solution of the equation of Ernst with n fields, parametrized by an arbitrary harmonic function (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 1938-1941 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We determine a particular solution, dependent upon an arbitrary harmonic function in cylindrical coordinates, of the system of n partial differential equations, which characterizes both the axially symmetric field solution of the Einstein (n−1)–Maxwell equations and one class of axially symmetric static self-dual SU(n+1) Yang–Mills fields.
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    Some remarks on torsion in Kaluza–Klein unification (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 1942-1947 
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    Notes: The role of manifolds endowed with a parallelizing torsion in Kaluza–Klein theories is examined. In particular the spin connection on such manifolds is demonstrated to be a single pure gauge almost everywhere on the manifold. This follows from the Frobenius integration theorem. As a consequence of this result the computation of the representation of massless fermions follows immediately and trivially. The spectrum of massless fermions on manifolds with a parallelizing torsion is contrasted with the analogous spectrum on manifolds with nontrivial topological configurations. While the remarks are primarily of pedagogic value much of the relevant mathematics is made intuitive.
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    On the one- and two-dimensional Toda lattices and the Painlevé property (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 1956-1960 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The Toda lattice and the two-dimensional Toda lattice (2-DTL) are shown to possess a type of "Painlevé property'' that is based on the use of separate "singular manifolds'' for each dependent variable. The isospectral problem for the 2-DTL found by both Mikhailov and by Fordy and Gibbons can be simply and logically derived from this analysis. Some remarks are made about the connection between our work and independent work of Kametaka and Airhault on the relationship between the Toda lattice and the second Painlevé transcendent.
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    Concepts of conditional expectations in quantum theory (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 1948-1955 
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    Notes: A concept of conditional expectations in quantum theory is established with interrelations to previously introduced concepts of the Cycon–Hellwig conditional expectations and a posteriori states, which are analogous to the existing interrelations in the classical probability theory among conditional expectations related to random variables, those related to σ subalgebras and conditional probability distributions. These three concepts are shown to have satisfactory statistical interpretation in the quantum measuring processes. For the above purpose, we introduce an integration with respect to functions with values in the states of operator algebras and positive operator valued measures such that the resulting indefinite integrals are completely positive map valued measures. Eventually, it is proved that in the von Neumann algebraic formulation, the Cycon–Hellwig conditional expectations always exist as completely positive map valued measures.
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    Canonical transformations theory for presymplectic systems (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 1961-1969 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We develop a theory of canonical transformations for presymplectic systems, reducing this concept to that of canonical transformations for regular coisotropic canonical systems. In this way we can also link these with the usual canonical transformations for the symplectic reduced phase space. Furthermore, the concept of a generating function arises in a natural way as well as that of gauge group.
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    How to construct integrable Fokker–Planck and electromagnetic Hamiltonians from ordinary integrable Hamiltonians (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 1970-1975 
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    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Integrable Hamiltonians with velocity-dependent potentials, including those of Fokker–Planck-type H=1/2(p2x+p2y)+Kxpx+Kypy, are constructed from integrable Hamiltonians of type H=1/2(p2x+p2y)+V(x,y) using certain canonical and noncanonical transformations. Some of the Hamiltonians obtained this way are integrable only for zero energy. Candidates for the Φ potential, which is of interest for Fokker–Planck models, are constructed in several cases.
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    Lax-pair operators for squared-sum and squared-difference eigenfunctions (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 1976-1978 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: An interrelationship between various representations of the inverse scattering transformation is established by examining eigenfunctions of Lax-pair operators of the sine–Gordon equation and the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation. In particular, it is shown explicitly that there exist Lax-pair operators for the squared-sum and squared-difference eigenfunctions of the Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur inverse scattering transformation.
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    On the convergence of the Rytov approximation for the reduced wave equation (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 1979-1985 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The reduced wave equation Δu+k2n2(x)u=0 is treated where n(x) fluctuates about unity in a compact domain D, and is equal to unity in the region exterior to D. In the Rytov approximation the total field u(x) generated by an incident field ui(x) has the form u(x)∼ui(x)exp φ(x) where φ(x)ui(x)=(1/4π)∫D (eik||x−y||/||x−y||)k2(n2−1) ×ui(y)dτy. It is shown that under suitable conditions on n(x) and restrictions on ui(x), the approximation is a leading term of a convergent expansion holding for all x in D. This is in contrast to previous theory, which treated the Rytov approximation as an asymptotic expansion valid in the forward-scattered direction.
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    Proof of the Levinson theorem by the Sturm–Liouville theorem (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 1995-1999 
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    Notes: The Levinson theorem is proved by the Sturm–Liouville theorem in this paper. For the potential ∫10r||V(r)||dr 〈∞,V(r)→b/r2 when r→∞, the modified Levinson theorem is derived as nl=(1/π)δl(0) +(a−l)/2− 1/2 sin2{δl(0)+[(a−l)/2]π}, if a(a+1)≡b+l(l+1)〉 3/4 or a=0. Two examples which violate the Levinson theorem and satisfy the modified Levinson theorem are discussed.
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    Bilinear phase-plane distribution functions and positivity (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 1986-1994 
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    Notes: There is a theorem of Wigner that states that phase-plane distribution functions involving the state bilinearly and having correct marginals must take negative values for certain states. The purpose of this paper is to support the statement that these phase-plane distribution functions are for hardly any state everywhere non-negative. In particular, it is shown that for certain generalized Wigner distribution functions there are no smooth states (except the Gaussians for the Wigner distribution function itself) whose distribution function is everywhere non-negative. This class of Wigner-type distribution functions contains the Margenau–Hill distribution. Furthermore, the argument used in the proof of Wigner's theorem is augmented to show that under mild conditions one can find for any two states f, g with non-negative distribution functions a linear combination h of f and g whose distribution function takes negative values, unless f and g are proportional.
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    Invariant decomposition of the retarded electromagnetic field (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2024-2029 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The integral representation of the electromagnetic two-form, defined on Minkowski space-time, is studied from a new point of view. The aim of the paper is to obtain an invariant criteria in order to define the radiative field. This criteria generalizes the well-known structureless charge case. We begin with the curvature two-form, because its field equations incorporate the motion of the sources. The gauge theory methods (connection one-forms) are not suited because their field equations do not incorporate the motion of the sources. We obtain an integral solution of the Maxwell equations in the case of a flow of charges in irrotational motion. This solution induces us to propose a new method of solving the problem of the nature of the retarded radiative field. This method is based on a projection tensor operator which, being local, is suited to being implemented on general relativity. We propose the field equations for the pair {electromagnetic field, projection tensor}. These field equations are an algebraic differential first-order system of one-forms, which verifies automatically the integrability conditions.
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    Global aspects of shear-free perfect fluids in general relativity (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2009-2017 
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    Source: AIP Digital Archive
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    Notes: In an earlier investigation of the class of shear-free expanding (or contracting) irrotational perfect fluids obeying a barotropic equation of state p=p( μ), and satisfying the field equations of general relativity, it was shown that the space-times form three distinct classes. In one class, the fluid acceleration is zero (i.e., the flow is geodesic), and the space-times are the well-known spatially homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) models. In the other two classes, the acceleration is nonzero, and the space-times are spatially anisotropic and are less familiar. One of these classes consists of the spherically symmetric Wyman solutions, whereas models that are plane symmetric, and either spatially or temporally homogeneous, constitute the final class. Analytic forms for these anisotropic space-time metrics were given, although in each case their exact determination would depend upon the solution of a single nonlinear ordinary differential equation, which has not been achieved. The purpose of the present article is to provide a pictorial description of the solutions of these equations, to depict qualitatively similar and distinct subclasses of solution, and hence to discover in some detail all possible global behaviors of the associated space-times. In all cases, it is found that, when the space-time is sufficiently extended, the fluid exhibits unphysical properties. The conclusion is that shear-free expanding (or contracting) relativistic perfect fluids that obey an equation of state p=p( μ) must be FRW, or else must be restricted to "local'' regions, by means of a suitable extension in which at least one of the conditions defining the entire family is relaxed.
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    Generalized Weyl-type gauge geometry (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2030-2031 
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    Notes: Weyl-type gauge geometry based on gauging by GL(4, R) and presented in an earlier paper is developed from an alternative point of view, which emphasizes independent geometric objects as the building blocks. This approach avoids most of the elaborate calculations of the earlier paper, and thus contributes to an intuitive understanding. The new building blocks, which are the metric and two different affine connections, uniquely determine the tensorial structures of the earlier paper, and vice versa.
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    Boson approximants for lattice Fermi systems (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2039-2044 
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    Notes: We demonstrate that Bose systems can be used to simulate properties of their Fermi partners in thermal bath, provided the spectral property HB =PHBP +(1−P)HB(1−P), HF =PHBP can be proved in the state space of the Bose system. The approximation accuracy can be made arbitrarily good by varying the (free) coupling parameter λ∈(0,∞), and permits studying of fermionic partition or correlation functions in a finite volume by means of the standard techniques (Bose:path integral, Monte Carlo, etc).
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    The harmonic mapping character of Rosen's bimetric theory of gravity and the geometry of its harmonic mapping space (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2032-2038 
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    Notes: After showing that Rosen's bimetric theory of gravity is a harmonic map, the geometry of the ten-dimensional harmonic mapping space (HMS), and of its nine-dimensional symmetric submanifolds, which are the leaves of the codimension one foliation of the HMS, is detailed. Both structures are global affinely symmetric spaces. For each, the metric, connections, and Riemann, Ricci, and scalar curvatures are given. The Killing vectors in each case are also worked out and related to the "conserved quantities'' naturally associated with the harmonic mapping character of the theory. The structure of the Rosen HMS is very much like that determined by the DeWitt metric on the six-dimensional Wheeler superspace of all positive definite three-dimensional metrics. It is clear that a slight modification of the Rosen HMS metric will yield the corresponding metric on the space of all four-dimensional metrics of Lorentz signature. Finally, interesting avenues of further research are indicated, particularly with respect to the structure and comparison of Lagrangian-based gravitational theories which are similar to Einstein's general relativity.
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    ζ-function method and the evaluation of fermion currents (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2045-2049 
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    Notes: Using the ζ-function method, a prescription for the evaluation of fermion currents in the presence of background fields is given. The method preserves gauge invariance at each step of the computation and yields to a finite answer showing the relevant physical properties for arbitrary background configurations. Examples for n=2,3 dimensions are worked out, emphasizing the connection between preservation of gauge invariance and violation of other symmetries (chiral symmetry for n=2, parity for n=3).
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    Electronic Resource
    Scalar field propagators in anti-de Sitter space-time (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2050-2058 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Simple expressions are found for the retarded, advanced, and Feynman propagators, as well as several other auxiliary invariant functions, for scalar fields of arbitrary mass in anti-de Sitter space-time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.526878
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Boson basis realization for shell-model fermion problem (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2067-2071 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The boson basis for the fermion shell-model problem has been realized over a representation space Vn(n−1)/2 of the unitary group U(n(n−1)/2). A contraction of this space was found to yield the generator algebra of U(n). Based on this result it is shown that the transformations induced by the Dyson-mapped boson Hamiltonian on the Dyson boson basis are identical to the corresponding transformations by the fermion Hamiltonian on the shell-model basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.526828
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    Erratum: A novel class of Bessel function integrals [J. Math. Phys. 25, 2933(1984)] (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2082-2082 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.526829
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