ALBERT

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: Contents: 1:Introduction ; 2:The Spatial Equilibrium Within the City ; 3:The Spatial Equilibrium Across ; 4:Agglomeration Economies ; 5:Urban Distress ; 6:Cities and Public Policy

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Ungezählte Beil. ab 2010: Special , Ersch. jährl. 4x

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgments NICOP Organizing Team Members NICOP Sponsors Associate Editors and Reviewers Volume 1 Initial Disturbance and Recovery Measurements from Military Vehicle Traffic on Seasonal and Permafrost Terrain / R.T. Affleck, S.A. Shoop, C.M. Collins, and E. Clark Erosion of the Barrow Environmental Observatory Coastline 2003–2007, Northern Alaska / A. Aguirre, C.E. Tweedie, J. Brown, and A. Gaylord Pore Water and Effective Pressure in the Frozen Fringe During Soil Freezing / S. Akagawa, S. Hiasa, S. Kanie, and S.L. Huang Coastal Processes and Their Influence Upon Discharge Characteristics of the Strokdammane Plain, West Spitsbergen, Svalbard / H.J. Akerman Forecasting Chemical Thawing of Frozen Soil as a Result of Interaction with Cryopegs / V.I. Aksenov, N.G. Bubnov, G.I. Klinova, A.V. Iospa, and S.G. Gevorkyan Permafrost and Cryopegs of the Anabar Shield / S.V. Alexeev, L.P. Alexeeva, and A.M. Kononov A First Estimate of Mountain Permafrost Distribution in the Mount Cook Region of New Zealand’s Southern Alps / S. Allen, I. Owens, and C. Huggel The Perennial Springs of Axel Heiberg Island as an Analogue for Groundwater Discharge on Mars / D.T. Andersen, W.H. Pollard, and C.P. McKay Geotechnical Considerations for Cut-Off Wall in Warm Permafrost / S.L. Anderson, T.G. Krzewinski, and J. Swendseid Water Chemistry of Hydrogenous Taliks in the Middle Lena / N.P. Anisimova and N.A. Pavlova A New Hypothesis on Ice Lens Formation in Frost-Susceptible Soils / L.U. Arenson, T.F. Azmatch, and D.C. Sego Impact of the August 2000 Storm on the Soil Thermal Regime, Alaska North Slope / D.E. Atkinson and L. Hinzman Global Simulation of Permafrost Distribution in the Past, Present, and Future Using the Frost Number Method / T. Aus der Beek and E. Teichert Remote Sensing Data for Monitoring Periglacial Processes in Permafrost Areas: Terrestrial Laser Scanning at the Hinteres Langtalkar Rock Glacier, Austria / M. Avian, A. Kellerer-Pirklbauer, and A. Bauer Permafrost Temperatures and Erosion Protection at Shishmaref, Alaska / M.T. Azelton and J.E. Zufelt Measuring Ice Lens Growth and Development of Soil Strains during Frost Penetration Using Particle Image Velocimetry (GeoPIV) / T.F. Azmatch, L.U. Arenson, D.C. Sego, and K.W. Biggar Evidence of Permafrost Formation Two Million Years Ago in Central Alaska / J.E. Beget, P. Layer, D. Stone, J. Benowitz, and J. Addison Recent Advances in Mapping Deep Permafrost and Gas Hydrate Occurrences Using Industry Seismic Data, Richards Island Area, Northwest Territories, Canada / G. Bellefleur, K. Ramachandran, M. Riedel, T. Brent, and S. Dallimore Massive Ground Ice on the Ural Coast of Baydaratskaya Bay, Kara Sea, Russia / N.G. Belova, V.I. Solomatin, and F.A. Romanenko A Direct Method for Obtaining Thermal Conductivity of Gravel Using TP02 Probes / H. Bing, P. He, N.I. Koemle, and W. Feng The Effect of Near-Freezing Temperatures on the Stability of an Underground Excavation in Permafrost / K.L. Bjella Distribution of Permafrost Types and Buried Ice in Ice-Free Areas of Antarctica / J.G. Bockheim, I.B. Campbell, M. Guglielmin, and J. López-Martínez Estimation of Ice Wedge Volume in the Big Lake Area, Mackenzie Delta, NWT, Canada / J.A. Bode, B.J. Moorman, C.W. Stevens, and S.M. Solomon High Resolution DEM Extraction from Terrestrial LIDAR Topometry and Surface Kinematics of the Creeping Alpine Permafrost: the Laurichard Rock Glacier Case Study (Southern French Alps) / X. Bodin, P. Schoeneich, and S. Jaillet Comparison of Exposure Ages and Spectral Properties of Rock Surfaces in Steep, High Alpine Rock Walls of Aiguille du Midi, France / R. Böhlert, S. Gruber, M. Egli, M. Maisch, D. Brandová, W. Haeberli, S. Ivy-Ochs, M. Christl, P.W. Kubik, and P. Deline Heat and Water Transfer Processes in Permafrost-Affected Soils: A Review of Field- and Modeling-Based Studies for the Arctic and Antarctic (Plenary Paper) / J. Boike, B. Hagedorn, and K. Roth Estimation of Hydraulic Properties in Permafrost-Affected Soils Using a Two-Directional Freeze-Thaw Algorithm / W.R. Bolton, J. Boike, and P.P. Overduin Engineering Solutions for Foundations and Anchors in Mountain Permafrost / C. Bommer, H.R. Keusen, and M. Phillips Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Interactions in the Hyporheic Zones of Arctic Streams that Drain Areas of Continuous Permafrost / W.B. Bowden, M.J. Greenwald, BM.N. Gooseff, BJ.P. Zarnetske, BJ.P. McNamara, J. Bradford, and T. Brosten Geomorphology and Gas Release from Pockmark Features in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada / R.G. Bowen, S.R. Dallimore, M.M. Côté, J.F. Wright, and T.D. Lorenson Current Capabilities in Soil Thermal Representations Within a Large-Scale Hydrology Model for Regions of Continuous Permafrost / L.C. Bowling, K.A. Cherkauer, and J.C. Adam Effects of Soil Cryostructure on the Long-Term Strength of Ice-Rich Permafrost Near Melting Temperatures /M.T. Bray Warming of Cold Permafrost in Northern Alaska During the Last Half-Century / M.C. Brewer and H. Jin Characterization and Classification of Topsoils as a Tool to Monitor Carbon Pools in Frost-Affected Soils / G. Broll and C. Tarnocai The International Permafrost Association: 1983–2008 / J. Brown, H. French, and C. Guodong Experimental Study of the Thermal Conductivity of Frozen Sediments Containing Gas Hydrates / B.A. Buhanov, E.M. Chuvilin, O.M. Guryeva, and P.I. Kotov Permafrost Dynamics Within an Upper Lena River Tributary: Modeled Impact of Infiltration on the Temperature Field Under a Plateau / S. Buldovich, N. Romanovskiy, G. Tipenko, D. Sergeev, and V. Romanovsky Permafrost Distributions on the Seward Peninsula: Past, Present, and Future / R.C. Busey, L.D. Hinzman, J.J. Cassano, and E. Cassano Soil and Permafrost Properties in the Vicinity of Scott Base, Antarctica / I.B. Campbell and G.G.G.Claridge Patterned Ground Features and Vegetation: Examples from Continental and Maritime Antarctica / N. Cannone and M. Guglielmin Rainfall-Runoff Hydrograph Characteristics in A Discontinuous Permafrost Watershed and Their Relation to Ground Thaw / S.K. Carey and C.M. DeBeer Innovative Designs of the Permafrost Roadbed for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway (Plenary Paper) / G. Cheng, Q. Wu, and W. Ma Does Permafrost Deserve Attention in Comprehensive Climate Models? / J.H. Christensen, M. Stendel, P. Kuhry, V. Romanovsky, and J. Walsh Trace Gas Budgets of High Arctic Permafrost Regions (Plenary Paper) / T.R. Christensen, T. Friborg, and M. Johansson Interannual Variations in Active Layer Thickness in Svalbard / H.H. Christiansen and O. Humlum Experimental Study of the Self-Preservation Effect of Gas Hydrates in Frozen Sediments / E.M. Chuvilin and O.M. Guryeva Effects of Recent Climate Change on High Mountains of Western North America / J.J. Clague A Model of Permafrost Distribution and Disturbance Sensitivity for Denali National Park, Using Soil-Ecological Site Inventory Information / M.H. Clark A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Assess the Impact of Global Climate Change on Infrastructure in Cold Regions / J. Clarke, C. Fenton, A. Gens, R. Jardine, C. Martin, D. Nethercot, S. Nishimura, S. Olivella, C. Reifen, P. Rutter, F. Strasser, and R. Toumi Freezeback of an Anthropogenic Talik Within Tailings at Nanisivik Mine, Canada / G. Claypool, J.W. Cassie, and R. Carreau Geologic Controls on the Occurrence of Permafrost-Associated Natural Gas Hydrates / T.S. Collett Laboratory Simulations of Martian Debris Flows / F. Costard, E. Védie, M. Font, and J.L. Lagarde Modeling the Erosion of Ice-Rich Deposits Along the Yukon Coastal Plain / N.J. Couture, M.A. Hoque, and W.H. Pollard Dynamics of Patterned Ground Evolution / J.G.A. Croll Legacy and Accomplishments of Frozen Ground Engineering Studies in Alaska 60 Years Ago / M. Cysewski and Y. Shur High-Resolution Surface and Subsurface Survey of a Non-Sorted Circle System / R. Daanen, V. Romanovsky, D. Walker, and M. LaDouceur Effect of Adsorbed Cations on Unfrozen Water in Silty Soil as Det

Note: CONTENTS Foreword 1. Introduction (Krystyna Wasylikowa) 2. History of research (Herbert E. Wright, Jr) 2.1. Introduction 2.2. The 1963 campaign 2.3. The 1970 campaign 2.4. Post-1970 analytical work 3. Geologie and climatic setting of the sites (Herbert E. Wright, Jr) 4. Outline of the Vegetation of western Iran (Willem van Zeist) 4.1. Introduction 4.2. The regional Vegetation 4.3. Zeribar marsh Vegetation 5. Coring and sampling methods (Herbert E. Wright, Jr and Krystyna Wasylikowa) 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Lake Zeribar 5.3. Lalabad and Nilofar 5.4. Mirabad landslide lakes 5.5. Sub-sampling 6. Description of Sediments (Krystyna Wasylikowa and Herbert E. Wright, Jr) 7. Lake Zeribar: dating and Sedimentation rate (Adam Walanus and Krystyna Wasylikowa) 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Age-depth curves 7.3. Sedimentation rate 8. Late Pleistocene and Holocene Vegetation at Zeribar (Willem van Zeist) 8.1. Introduction 8.2. The surface-sample study 8.3. Late Pleistocene 8.4. Holocene 8.5. Comparison with other pollen sites 9. Paleoecology of Lake Zeribar in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene reconstrueted from the flora of aquatic and marsh plants (Krystyna Wasylikowa) 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Methods 9.3. Principles of palaeoecological interpretation of plant-macrofossil assemblages from Lake Zeribar 9.4. Pleniglacial lake Vegetation 9.5. Lake Vegetation during the decline of the Pleniglacial and in the Lateglacial 9.6. Lake Vegetation in the Holocene 9.7. Summary of plant-macrofossil stratigraphy 9.8. Notes on the identification of plant macrofossils from Lake Zeribar (Krystyna Wasylikowa and Felix Yu. Velichkevich) 10. Diatom paleolimnology of Lake Zeribar, Iran, in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene (Andrzej Witkowski, Kazimierz Wasylik, Horst Lange-Bertalot, Malgorzata Bak and Karolina Derwich) 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Material and methods 10.3. Results 10.4. Discussion 10.5. Conclusions (Plates) 11. Oospores of Charales in Late Pleistocene and Holocene Sediments of Lake Zeribar, Iran (Andrzej Hutorowicz) 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Materials and methods 11.3. Systematic description of the charophyte species identified 11.4. Palaeoparameters of water in Lake Zeribar 11.5. Charophyte Vegetation at the decline of the Pleniglacial and in the Lateglacial 11.6. Charophyte Vegetation at the decline of the Lateglacial and the beginning of the Holocene 11.7. Charophyte Vegetation in the Holocene 11.8. Summary of charophyte Vegetation stratigraphy 12. Molluscs of Late Quaternary lacustrine Sediments of Lake Zeribar (Iran) (Stefan W. Alexandrowicz) 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Material and methods 12.3. Species of molluscs 12.4. Assemblages of molluscs 12.5. Interpretation 13. Charred plant macrofossils in Lake Zeribar Sediments (Jerzy J. Langer andKrystyna Wasylikowa) 13.1. Introduction 13.2. Charred remains in Lake Zeribar Sediments 13.3. Physico-chemical analyses 13.4. Conclusions of physico-chemical analyses 13.5. Palaeoecological interpretation 14. Variations in effective moisture at Lake Zeribar, Iran during the last glacial period and Holocene, inferred from the δ18O values of authigenic calcite (Lora R. Stevens, Emi Ito, and Herbert E. Wright, Jr) 14.1. Introduction 14.2. Climatic setting 14.3. Oxygen-isotope setting 14.4. δ18O values as proxies for hydrology and effective moisture 14.5. Methods 14.6. Results 14.7. Discussion 14.8. Conclusions 15. The Lake Zeribar palaeoecology: a synthesis (Krystyna Wasylikowa, Willem van Zeist, Herbert E. Wright, Jr, Lora R. Stevens, Andrzej Witkowski, Adam Walanus, Andrzej Hutorowicz, Stefan W. Alexandrowicz, and Jerzy J. Langer) 15.1. Introduction 15.2. Middle Pleniglacial (ca. 48,000-38,000 cal. yr BP) 15.3. Upper Pleniglacial (ca. 38,000-15,400 cal yr BP) 15.4. The Lateglacial (ca. 15,400-12,000 cal.yr BP) 15.5. Early Holocene (ca. 12,000-6900 cal. yr BP) 15.6. Middle and Late Holocene from 6900 to 1400 cal. yr BP 15.7. Summarizing remarks References Appendix 1 (Depth and age of samples used for various analyses) Appendix 2 (List of plant taxa identified on the basis of macrofossils found in sediment cores 63J, 70A, 63B, 70B, and 63C) Appendix 3 (List of diatom species identified in the sediment cores 63J, 70A, and 70B) PlatesI-XII

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface 1. Types of ice accretion a. Frost b. Rime c. Glaze d. Spray ice 2. Conditions governing type of accreted ice a. Meteorological b. Structural 3. Accretion rates a. Fundamentals b. Effect of height c. Geographical distribution 4. Spray icing 5. Structural design factors a. Dead loads b. Wind field in the boundary layer c. Windloads 6. Techniques for minimizing structural icing 7. Data collection needs 8. Literature cited

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2008 , Table of contents Kurzfassung Abstract Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Scientific background 1.1.1 Arctic environmental dynamics 1.1.2 Freshwater ostracods and their use in palaeoenvironmental studies 1.1.3 Permafrost and periglacial environment 1.2 Aims and approaches 1.3 Study region 1.3.1 Study sites 1.3.2 Geological characteristics 1.3.3 Climate 1.3.4 Periglacial freshwaters 1.4 Synopsis Chapter 2: Arctic freshwater ostracods from modern periglacial environments in the Lena River Delta (Siberian Arctic, Russia): geochemical applications for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Study area and types of water bodies 2.4 Materials and methods 2.5 Results 2.5.1 Physico-chemical characteristics of the ostracod habitats 2.5.2 Ostracod taxonomy and environmental ranges of their habitats 2.5.3 Ostracod geochemistry 2.6 Discussion 2.6.1 Taxonomy and ecology of ostracods 2.6.2 Element ratios in ostracods and ambient waters 2.6.3 Stable isotopes in ostracods and ambient waters 2.7 Conclusions Chapter 3: Evaporation effects as reflected in freshwaters and ostracod calcite from modern environments in Central and Northeast Yakutia (East Siberia, Russia) 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Study area 3.4 Material and methods 3.4.1 Field work 3.4.2 Water analyses 3.4.3 Ostracod analyses 3.5 Results 3.5.1 Physico-chemical characteristics of the lakes and ponds 3.5.2 Ostracod taxonomy and environmental ranges 3.5.3 Stable isotopes in host waters and ostracod calcite 3.5.4 Element ratios in host waters and ostracod calcite 3.6 Discussion 3.6.1 Physico-chemical characteristics of the lakes and ponds 3.6.2 Ostracod taxonomy, biogeography, and environmental ranges 3.6.3 Stable isotopes in ostracod calcite 3.6.4 Element ratios in ostracod calcite 3.7 Conclusions Chapter 4: Eemian and Late Glacial/Holocene palaeoenvironmental records from permafrost sequences at the Dimitri Laptev Strait (NE Siberia, Russia) 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Regional setting 4.4 Material and methods 4.4.1 Field methods and cryolithology 4.4.2 Geochronology 4.4.3 Sedimentology and stable isotopes 4.4.4 Palaeoecological proxies 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Geochronology, lithostratigraphy, sedimentology, and cryolithology 4.5.1.1 Eemian sequences 4.4.1.2 Late Glacial/Holocene sequences 4.5.2 Stable isotope ground ice records 4.5.3 Pollen studies 4.5.3.1 Eemian sequences 4.5.3.2 Late Glacial/Holocene sequences 4.5.4 Ostracod studies 4.5.4.1 Eemian sequences 4.5.4.2 Late Glacial/Holocene sequences 4.6 Discussion and Interpretation 4.6.1 Local palaeoenvironmental changes during the Eemian 4.6.2 Local palaeoenvironmental changes during the Late Glacial/Holocene 4.6.3 Palaeoenvironmental interpretation of ostracod calcite δ18O data 4.7 Conclusions Chapter 5: Synthesis 5.1 Taxonomy and ecology of ostracods 5.2 Geochemistry of ostracods 5.3 Indicator potential of freshwater ostracods in late Quaternary permafrost deposits 5.4 Outlook Appendix I: Freshwater ostracodes in Quaternary permafrost deposits in the Siberian Arctic I.1 Abstract I.2 Introduction I.3 Study area and geological background I.4 Materials and methods I.5 Results and interpretations I.5.1 Ostracode zone I I.5.2 Ostracode zone II I.5.3 Ostracode zone III I.5.4 Ostracode zone IV I.5.5 Ostracode zone V I.5.6 Ostracode zone VI I.6 Conclusions 125 Appendix II: Palaeoenvironmental dynamics inferred from late Quaternary permafrost deposits on Kurungnakh Island, Lena Delta, Northeast Siberia, Russia II.1 Abstract II.2 Introduction II.3 Regional setting II.4 Material and methods II.4.1 Sedimentology and cryolithology II.4.2 Geochronology II.4.3 Stable isotopes II.3.4 Palaeoecological proxies II.5 Results II.5.1 Lithostratigraphy, sedimentology, and cryolithology II.5.1.1 Unit I II.5.1.2 Unit II II.5.1.3 Unit III II.5.1.4 Unit IV II.5.1.5 Unit V II.5.2 Geochronology II.5.3 Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes of ground ice II.5.4 Palynological studies II.5.5 Plant macrofossils II.5.6 Ostracod remains II.5.7 Insect remains II.5.8 Mammal remains II.6 Discussion II.6.1 Local stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental interpretation II.6.2 Beringian palaeoenvironmental context II.7 Conclusions Supplementary data A Supplementary data B Supplementary data C Appendix III: Data tables from Chapters 2 and 3 Appendix IV: References Acknowledgements

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Chapter 1. The road and its environment Introduction General physiography Regional climate Surficial and bedrock geology Permafrost and ground ice General biota Vegetation Floristic survey Vegetation mapping Soils and mapping Chapter 2. Roadbed performance and associated investigations Roadbed investigations Roadbed performance Performance of drainage features Performance of sideslopes Conclusions from road, drainage and sideslope performance studies Fuel gas line construction Chapter 3. Distribution and properties of road dust along the northern portion of the Haul Road Introduction Methods Results of wind direction and velocity measurements Dust load and distribution Particle size analyses of dust Chemical composition properties of dust and related samples Soil cation composition Dust impacts on vegetation Discussion and conclusions Chapter 4. Revegetation and restoration investigations Introduction Revegetation approaches Alyeska erosion control and revegetation program Weeds and weedy plants Performance of revegetation Alyeska willow cutting program CRREL restoration experiments Conclusions Revegetation recommendations General report recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: General environmental guidelines applicable to subarctic and arctic road construction Appendix B: University-based studies along the Yukon River-Prudhoe Bay Haul Road Appendix C: CRREL maps of Haul Road showing locations of all study Sites Appendix D: Additional Haul Road cross-sectional profiles Appendix E: Clay mineralogy of road-related materials Appendix F: List of reports in the Joint State/Federal Fish and Wildlife Ad­visory Team series

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Field measurement and analysis of transient heat flow A closer look at handling the constraints Random change Step change Ramp change Application of theory Literature cited Appendix A. Percentage error from a step input Appendix B. Time constraints of sample walls Appendix C. Percentage error from a ramp input Appendix D. Percentage error from a sinusoidal input Appendix E. Percentage error programs for a Hewlett-Packard HP-25 calculator Appendix F. Experimental determination of time constants Appendix G. Derivation of time constant formula for multiple layers

Note: CONTENTS Introduction Literature review Objectives Materials and methods Results Observations Distribution and environmental tolerances Discussion Morphology Distribution Habitat Summary Conclusions Recommendations for future work Literature cited Appendix A Type descriptions of Acanthoecidae collected from the Weddell Sea

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction History of snow and ice roads Classification of snow and ice roads Snow pads used by Alyeska during the winter of 1975-1976 The Globe Creek snow pad The Toolik snow pad The gasline snow pad Summary and conclusions Literature cited

Note: Contents Abstract Preface lntroduction Experimental Sample preparation Testing procedure Results General features Commercial Ice Notched commercial ice Sanded commercial ice Pure ice Single crystal ice Snow-ice Colloidal alumina-dispersed ice Colloidal silica.dispersed ice NH4F doped ice HF doped ice Discussion Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Description of school Roof problems Snow infiltration leaks Valley leaks Intersection leaks Condensation leaks Tests to verify the cause of condensation leaks Eliminating the condensation leaks Recommendations for eliminating condensation leaks Repairing existing roof An alternative roof cladding The "cold roof" alternative Repairs and modifications Summary and conclusions

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Part 1: Introduction and Background Chapter 1. Introduction to the Arctic: Significance and History 1.1 The Arctic Ocean and Its Significance for the Earth's Climate System 1.2 History of Arctic Ocean Research 1.3 Plate Tectonic Evolution and Palaeogeography 1.4 Glaciations in Earth's History Chapter 2. Modern Physiography, Hydrology, Climate, and Sediment Input 2.1 Bathymetry and Physiography 2.2 Oceanic Circulation Pattern and Water-Mass Characteristics 2.3 Sea-Ice Cover: Extent, Thickness, and Variability 2.4 Primary Production and Vertical Carbon Fluxes in the Arctic Ocean 2.5 River Discharge 2.6 Permafrost 2.7 Coastal Erosion 2.8 Aeolian Input 2.9 Modern Sediment Input: A Summary Part 2: Processes and Proxies Chapter 3. Glacio-Marine Sedimentary Processes 3.1 Sea-Ice Processes: Sediment Entrainment and Transport 3.2 Ice Sheet- and Iceberg-Related Processes 3.3 Sediment Mass-Wasting Processes 3.4 Turbidite Sedimentation in the Central Arctic Ocean Chapter 4. Proxies Used for Palaeoenvironmental Reconstructions in the Arctic Ocean 4.1 Lithofacies Concept 4.2 Grain-Size Distribution 4.3 Proxies for Sources and Transport Processes of Terrigenous Sediments 4.4 Trace Elements Used for Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction 4.5 Micropalaeontological Proxies and Their (Palaeo-) Environmental and Stratigraphical Significance 4.6 Stable Isotopes of Foraminifers 4.7 Organic-Geochemical Proxies for Organic-Carbon Source and Palaeoenvironment Part 3: The Marine-Geological Record 5 Modern Environment and its record in surface sediments 5.1 Terrigenous (non-biogenic) components in Arctic Ocean surface sediments: Implications for provenance and modern transport processes 5.2 Organic-Carbon Content: Terrigenous Supply versus Primary Production Chapter 6. Quaternary Variability of Palaeoenvironment and Its Sedimentary Record 6.1 The Stratigraphic Framework of Arctic Ocean Sediment Cores: Background, Problems, and Perspectives 6.2 Variability of Quaternary Ice Sheets and Palaeoceanographic Characteristics: Terrestrial, Model, and Eurasian Continental Margin Records 6.3 Circum-Arctic Glacial History, Sea-Ice Cover, and Surface-Water Characteristics: Quaternary Records from the Central Arctic Ocean 6.4 Accumulation of Particulate Organic Carbon at the Arctic Continental Margin and Deep-Sea Areas During Late Quaternary Times Chapter 7. Mesozoic to Cenozoic Palaeoenvironmental Records of High Northern Latitudes 7.1 Mesozoic High-Latitude Palaeoclimate and Arctic Ocean Palaeoenvironment 7.2 Cenozoic High-Latitude Palaeoclimate and Arctic Ocean Palaeoenvironment Chapter 8. Open Questions and Future Geoscientific Arctic Ocean Research 8.1 Quaternary and Neogene Climate Variability on Sub-Millennial to Milankovich Time Scales 8.2 The Mesozoic-Cenozoic History of the Arctic Ocean References Index

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgments NICOP Organizing Team Members NICOP Sponsors Associate Editors and Reviewers Volume 2 Experimental Research on Frost and Salt Heaving of Highway Foundation Soils in Seasonally Frozen Ground Regions in Gansu Province, Northwestern China / G. Li, W. Yu, H. Jin, Y. Sheng, J. Qi, and L. Lü Effects of Retrogressive Thaw Slumps on Sediment Chemistry, Submerged Macrophyte Biomass, and Invertebrate Abundance of Upland Tundra Lakes / P.S. Mesquita, F.J. Wrona, and T.D. Prowse The Vault Creek Tunnel (Fairbanks Region, Alaska): A Late Quaternary Palaeoenvironmental Permafrost Record / H. Meyer, K. Yoshikawa, L. Schirrmeister, and A. Andreev Properties of Eroding Coastline Soils Along Elson Lagoon Barrow, Alaska / G.J. Michaelson, C.L Ping, L.A. Lynn, M.T. Jorgenson, and F. Dou The Application of Tritium in Permafrost Ground-Ice Studies / F.A. Michel Twenty Years of Permafrost Research on the Furggentälti Rock Glaciers, Western Alps, Switzerland / D. Mihajlovic, B. Staub, A. Nussbaum, B. Krummenacher, and H. Kienholz Convective Heat Exchange Between Rivers and Floodplain Taliks / V.M. Mikhailov Geophysical Study of Talik Zones, Western Yakutia / S. Milanovskiy, S. Velikin, and V. Istratov Seasonally Frozen Ground Effects on the Dynamic Response of High-Rise Buildings / R. Miranda, Z. Yang, and U. Dutta Seasonal Thermal Regime of a Mid-Latitude Ventilated Debris Accumulation / S. Morard, R. Delaloye, and J. Dorthe Genetic, Morphological, and Statistical Characterization of Lakes in the Permafrost-Dominated Lena Delta / A. Morgenstern, G. Grosse, and L. Schirrmeister Vegetation and Permafrost Changes in the Northern Taiga of West Siberia / N. Moskalenko Experimental Study of Thermal Properties for Frozen Pyroclastic Volcanic Deposits (Kamchatka, Kluchevskaya Volcano Group) / R.G. Motenko, E.P. Tikhonova, and A.A. Abramov Spatial Analysis of Glacial Geology, Surficial Geomorphology, and Vegetation in the Toolik Lake Region: Relevance to Past and Future Land-Cover Changes / C.A. Munger, D.A. Walker, H.A. Maier, and T.D. Hamilton Choosing Geotechnical Parameters for Slope Stability Assessments in Alpine Permafrost Soils / P. Nater, L.U. Arenson, and S.M. Springman A Permafrost Observatory at Barrow, Alaska: Long-Term Observations of Active-Layer Thickness and Permafrost Temperature / F. Nelson, N.I. Shiklomanov, D.A. Streletskiy, V.E. Romanovsky, K. Yoshikawa, K.M. Hinkel, and J. Brown Decadal Results from the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) Program (Plenary Paper) / F.E. Nelson, N.I. Shiklomanov, K.M. Hinkel, and J. Brown Modeling Observed Differential Frost Heave Within Non-Sorted Circles in Alaska / D.J. Nicolsky, V.E. Romanovsky, G.S. Tipenko, and D.A. Walker Engineering-Induced Environmental Hazards in Permafrost Regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau / F. Niu, J. Xu, Z. Lin, and P. Wang Comparison of Simulated 2D Temperature Profiles with Time-Lapse Electrical Resistivity Data at the Schilthorn Crest, Switzerland / J. Noetzli, C. Hilbich, C. Hauck, M. Hoelzle, and S. Gruber The Effect of Fines Content and Quality on Frost Heave Susceptibility of Crushed Rock Aggregates Used in Railway Track Structure / A. Nurmikolu and P. Kolisoja Contemporary Permafrost Degradation of Northern European Russia / N. Oberman MAGST in Mountain Permafrost, Dovrefjell, Southern Norway, 2001–2006 / R.S. Ødegård, K. Isaksen, T. Eiken, and J.L. Sollid Effects of Changing Climate and Sea Ice Extent on Pechora and Kara Seas Coastal Dynamics / S.A. Ogorodov Solifluction Lobes in Sierra Nevada (Southern Spain): Morphometry and Palaeoenvironmental Changes / M. Oliva, L. Schulte, and A. Gómez Ortiz Cyanobacteria Within Cryptoendolithic Habitats: The Role of High pH in Biogenic Rock Weathering in the Canadian High Arctic / C.R. Omelon, W.H. Pollard, F.G. Ferris, and P.C. Bennett Thermal State of Permafrost in Alaska During the Fourth Quarter of the Twentieth Century (Plenary Paper) / T.E. Osterkamp Field Trials of Surface Insulation Materials for Permafrost Preservation / J.M. Oswell and J.R. Everts The State of Subsea Permafrost in the Western Laptev Nearshore Zone / P.P. Overduin, V. Rachold, and M.N. Grigoriev Sources of Discrepancy Between CCSM Simulated and Gridded Observation-Based Soil Temperature Over Siberia: The Influence of Site Density and Distribution / D. Pai Mazumder and N. Mölders Remote Sensing-Based Study of Vegetation Distribution and Its Relation to Permafrost in and Around the George Lake Area, Central Alaska / S.K. Panda, A. Prakash, and D.N. Solie Electrical Freezing Potentials During Permafrost Aggradation at the Illisarvik Drained-Lake Experiment, Western Arctic Coast, Canada / V.R. Parameswaran and C.R. Burn Managing Permafrost Data: Past Approaches and Future Directions / M.A. Parsons, S.L. Smith, V.E. Romanovsky, N.I. Shiklomanov, H.H. Christiansen, P.P. Overduin, T. Zhang, M.R. Balks, and J. Brown Regional Geocryological Dangers Associated with Contemporary Climate Change / A.V. Pavlov and G.V. Malkova Wedge Structures in Southernmost Argentina (Rio Grande, Tierra del Fuego) / A. Perez-Alberti, A. Coronato, M.C. Casais, M. Valcarcel-Diaz, and J. Rabassa Modeling Interaction Between Filterable Solutions and Frozen Ground / G.Z. Perlshtein and G.S. Tipenko Russian Approaches to Permafrost Engineering (Plenary Paper) / G. Perlshtein Numerical Modeling of Differential Frost Heave / R.A. Peterson Energy Balance Response of a Shallow Subarctic Lake to Atmospheric Temperature and Advective Persistence / Richard M. Petrone, Wayne R. Rouse, and L. Dale Boudreau Numerical Analysis of Forced and Natural Convection in Waste-Rock Piles in Permafrost Environments / H.N. Pham, L.U. Arenson, and D.C. Sego Effects of Ground Temperature and Slope Deformation on the Service Life of Snow-Supporting Structures in Mountain Permafrost: Wisse Schijen, Randa, Swiss Alps / M. Phillips and S. Margreth Classification of Arctic Tundra Soils Along the Beaufort Sea Coast, Alaska / C.L Ping, L.A. Lynn, G.J. Michaelson, M.T. Jorgenson, Y.L. Shur, and M. Kanevskiy Thermal Diffusivity Variability in Alpine Permafrost Rock Walls / P. Pogliotti, E. Cremonese, U. Morra Di Cella, S. Gruber, and M. Giardino Massive Ground Ice in the Eureka Sound Lowlands, Canadian High Arctic / W.H. Pollard and N. Couture Long-Term Monitoring of Frost Heave and Thaw Settlement in the Northern Taiga of West Siberia / O. Ponomareva and Y. Shur The Permafrost of the Imuruk Lake Basaltic Field Area (Alaska) and Astrobiological Implications / O. Prieto-Ballesteros, D.C. Fernández-Remolar, J. Torres Redondo, M. Fernández-Sampedro, M.P. Martín Redondo, J.A. Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. Gómez-Elvira, D. Gómez-Ortiz, and F. Gómez What Dictates the Occurrence of Zero Curtain Effect? / J. Putkonen Definition of Warm Permafrost Based on Mechanical Properties of Frozen Soil / J. Qi and J. Zhang Active Layer Temperature Monitoring in Two Boreholes in Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctic: First Results for 2000–2006 / M. Ramos, G. Vieira, J.J. Blanco, S. Gruber, C. Hauck, M.A. Hidalgo, and D. Tomé Circumpolar Relationships Between Permafrost Characteristics, NDVI, and Arctic Vegetation Types / M.K. Raynolds and D.A. Walker Rock Glacier Distribution and the Lower Limit of Discontinuous Mountain Permafrost in the Nepal Himalaya / D. Regmi Frost-Protected Shallow Foundation Design Issues: A Case Study / C.H. Riddle, J.W. Rooney, and G.W. Carpenter Estimating Active Layer and Talik Thickness from Temperature Data: Implications from Modeling Results / D.W. Riseborough Mesoscale and Detailed Geocryological Mapping as a Basis for Carbon Budget Assessment (East European Russian Arctic, CARBO-North Project) / F.M. Rivkin, J.V. Vlasova, A.P. Popova, G. Mazhitova, P. Kuhry, I.S. Parmuzin, and I.V. Chehina Permafrost Degradation and Influx of Biogeogases into the Atmosphere / E. Rivkina and G. Kraev Observations and Considerations on Destabilizing Active Rock Glaciers in the European Alps / I. Roer, W. Haeber

Note: Ungezählte Beil.: Liite

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research of the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Station. - Antarctic Research Activities 1979-1980. - Planned Research Activities 1980-1981. - References.

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis Band 2b: Neue Ergebnisse zum Kohlenstoff-Isotopenaustausch im System CH4-CO2 / P. Harting ; I. Maaß. - Modelluntersuchungen zur Isotopenfraktionierung des Stickstoffs während der Metamorphose von Gesteinen / H.-M. Nitzsche ; K. Mühle ; A. Krause ; G. Schlegel ; K. Wetzel. - Variationen der Stickstoffisotope in regionalmetamorphen Gesteinen / D. Haendel ; K. Mühle ; G. Stiehl ; U. Wand. - Isotopenuntersuchungen an graphitischer Substanz von Metaschwarzschiefern des Erzgebirges und anderer Gebiete der DDR / U. Wand ; G. Stiehl ; I. Winkler ; P. Ossenkopf. - Zu einigen isotopengeochemischen Aspekten bei der Modellierung des globalen Sauerstoffkreislaufes / G. Weise ; W.-D. Hermichen. - Über die Isotopenzusammensetzung des Schwefels in sedimentären Sulfiden und Sulfaten / K. Wetzel. - Zur Schwefelisotopengeochemie basaltischer Gesteine / H.-W. Hubberten ; H. Puchelt. - Ein dynamisches Modell der Bleiisotopenevolution in der Erdkruste und im Erdmantel (russ.) = A dynamic model for lead isotope evolution in the earth's crust and mantle / B. G. Amov. - Kohlenstoff- und Wasserstoffisotopenvariationen in Methan aus Erdgasen und in Methan aus Crackreaktionen / A. Runge ; U. Wand. - Isotopische Zusammensetzung des Kohlenstoffs als ein Kriterium der Typisierung von Erdölen des Karna-Gebietes (russ.) / A. Z. Koblowa ; M. G. Frik ; W. M. Proworow. - Die isotopische Zusammensetzung des Kohlenstoffs als Fazieskriterium für organische Substanzen / I. Maaß. - Nitrogen isotope composition in natural diamonds - first results / U. Wand ; H.-M. Nitzsche ; K. Mühle ; K. Wetzel. - Über einige Isotopieeffekte des Stickstoffs in der Bodenzone / H. Hübner. - Das geologische Bild der Kohlenstoffisotopenvariation organischer Substanzen in paläozoischen Sedimentgesteinen der DDR / I. Maaß ; E. P. Müller ; P. Thomaser. - Beziehungen zwischen δ18O-Werten und stofflich-strukturellen Parametern von Silicaten / K. Wetzel ; D. Mißbach ; K. Mühle. - Richtungsaussagen über Isotopieeffekte mit Hilfe der Inkrementenmethode - Allgemeine Theorie / G. Christoph. - Richtungsaussagen über Isotopieeffekte mit Hilfe der Inkrementenmethode - 18O/16O-Isotopieeffekte in Silikaten / G. Christoph. - Vulkanogenes Kohlendioxid: Aussagen zur Herkunft aufgrund von Isotopenuntersuchungen / H. Puchelt ; H.-W. Hubberten. - Zur Druckabhängigkeit des Isotopieeffekts bei Verteilungsgleichgewichten - experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchungen an Modellsystemen / J. Heybey ; P. Harting. - Zum CO2-Austausch zwischen der nördlichen und der südlichen Hemisphäre / G. Weise ; K. Wetzel. - Fraktionierung der Quecksilberisotope in der Natur (russ.) / E. F. Doilnizyn ; W. I. Sjusin ; A. A. Obolenskij ; A. P. Perzewa. - Isotopic identification of Saharian groundwaters, groundwater formation in the past / Ch. Sonntag ; U. Thorweihe ; J. Rudolph ; E. P. Löhnert ; Chr. Junghans ; K. O. Münnich ; E. Klitzsch ; E. M. El Shazly ; F. M. Swailem. - Probleme der Auswertung von Isotopenanalysen an konzentrierten Salzlösungen im Kalibergbau / H.-D. Schmiedl. - Radiocarbon dating of the thermal waters in the Budapest area / J. Deák. - Untersuchungen zur regionalen Ausbreitung von Schadstoffen mit Hilfe technogener Isotopenvariationen / G. Weise ; I. Maaß. - Über die isotope Zusammensetzung des Stickstoffs in Gesteinen der Charnockitserie von Madras, Südindien / W. F. Wolynez ; R. D. Gawrilin ; N. L. Rao ; B. R. Reddi ; D. Haendel ; G. Stiehl ; U. Wand. - Erkenntnismöglichkeiten über natürliche Prozesse aus der Element- und Isotopenverteilung des Osmiums / H. Gerstenberger ; M. Geisler ; M. Herrmann ; H. Schelhorn. - Isotopenphysikalische Untersuchungen im Rahmen der Antarktisforschung der Bergakademie Freiberg / D. Hebert ; K. Froehlich. - Isotopenuntersuchungen zur Klärung der Genese der Grundwasserressourcen Ostsibiriens / E. V. Pinneker. - Autorenregister.

Note: Zugl.: Bielefeld, Univ., Diss., 2007 u.d.T.: Buchholz, Kai: Voraussetzungen und Widersprüche der wissenschaftlichen Politikberatung

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Objectives Conclusions Introduction Background Previous cooperative investigations Project rationale and coordination Approach Landsat imagery Interpretation techniques Part I. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping the drainage network, lakes, glaciers and snowfields (Lawrence W. Gatto) Objective Methods Results Conclusions Part II. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping and evaluating geologiclineaments and possible faults (Carolyn J. Merry) Objective Geologic structure Methods Results Conclusions Part Ill. Use of Landsat imagery in mapping surficial materials Section A. Landsat mapping (Harlan L. McKim) Objective Methods Results Section B. Field evaluation (Daniel E. Lawson) Objectives Methods Results Discussion Section C. Conclusions (Daniel E. Lawson and Harlan L. McKim) Literature cited Glossary

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Research setting Objectives Materials, mixture designs, and tests Materials Mixture design tests Brazil test Resilient modulus test Data analysis Marshall tests Asphalt grade Compactive effort Aggregate type Data analysis Brazil tests Indirect tensile strength Tensile strain Vertical deformation Summary of Brazil test results Data analysis-resilIient modulus. Comparison of mixture susceptibility to temperature cracking General asphalt concrete stiffness Thermal cracking. Influence of asphalt cement properties Summary Comparison of mixture susceptibility to traftic-load-associated distress Stress/strain analysis Fatigue damage analysis Rutting analysis Strength correlations Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength Indirect tensile strength and resilient modulus Summary Summary and conclusions Recapitulation of investigations Summary of results Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Asphalt adggregate mixture properties by Marshall method Appendix B: Equations for calculating specimen properties from Brazil tests Appendix C: Calculated displacements, strains and stresses

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Data sources and literature review Canada Alaska Data tabulation Station selection Description of tabulated data Station location and ice measurement site descriptions Review of previous studies on maximum ice in North America Maximum ice thickness maps Date of maximum ice Plotting of the ice decay curves General procedures Categories of water bodies Ice decay at sea ice locations Envelope curves Average curves Snow-ice formation Ice decay at lake ice locations Average curves Regional variations and similarities Ice decay at river ice locations Variations in ice thickness Rapid ice clearance Comparison between Alaskan and Canadian river ice decay curves Incremental extraction of ice decay data for analysis purposes Selection of ice decay intervals Preliminary evaluation of the methodology Further considerations of the methodology Relationships between ice decay and thawing air temperatures Average daily vs maximum daily air temperature 10-day increments vs accumulated values Total years vs year-to-year analysis Evaluation of use of 0°C as a base Final format of the relationship between ice decay and ATDD Evaluation of the final form Possible causes for variations in slope values Decreasing sea ice thickness and thawing air temperatures Factors affecting sea ice decay Relationship between ATDD and sea ice decay Influence of solar radiation and wind on sea ice decay Literature cited Selected bibliography Appendix A. Ice thickness measurements and other related (or associated) observations for stations in Canada and Alaska Appendix B. Maps of least and greatest ice thickness observed at the time of maximum growth, and average date of occurrence Appendix C. Annual ice decay curves for stations in Canada and Alaska

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: CONTENTS The history of vegetation during the Cenozoic in northern Yakutia / A. I. Tomskaya Paleogene spores pollen complexes from the Kolyma right bank / L. P. Zharikova On a finding of a fossil bison on the Indigirka river / P. A. Lazarev Burial conditions of skeleton and body remains of Pleistocene mammals / P. A. Lazarev On the formation of fish fauna in Yakutian reservoirs / F. N. Kirillov, V. F. Vozin The Iithological-mineraloglcal character of Cenozoic sediments of the Primorsk lowland / O. V. Grinenko, A. I. Sergeyenko Stratigraphy of Paleogene-Neogene loose deposits on the Kolyma right bank / A. S. Kazantsev, L. P. Zharikova Quarternary deposits of the Primorsk lowland (Khallerchinsk tundra) / V. B. Spector Upper Cenozoic deposits of the Kolyma lowland / O. V. Grinenko Main stages in the formation of the relief of the Primorsk lowland, East Jakutia, and its mountain surroundings / A. G. Savchenko Recent crust movements and their geomorphologic expression in the nearshore zone of the Kolyma lowland / Ya. A. Ben A comprehensive investigation of closed territory neotectonics (in the light of the Yano-Kolyma lowland) / V. A. Balandin The geomorphological expression of the Ichen overthrust zone of the Moma range / Ya. A. Ben Variations of the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea level and their role in the formation of shore deposits / K. S. Yefremov Modelling as a method of structural geomorphic analysis / V. A. Balandin , СОДЕРЖАНИЕ История развития растительности севера Якутии в кайнозое / А. И. Томская Палеогеновые спорово-пыльцевые комплексы правобережья реки Колымы / Л. П. Жарикова О находке ископаемого бизона на реке Индигирке / П . А. Лазарев Условия захоронения скелетных и трупных остатков плейстоценовых млекопитающих / П. А. Лазарев О формировании ихтиофауны в водоемах Якутии / Ф. Н. Кириллов, В. Ф. Возин Литолоrо-минералогическая характеристика кайнозойских отложений Приморской низменности / О. В. Гриненко, А. И. Серrеенко Стратиграфия рыхлых палеоген-неогеновых отложений правобережья реки Колымы / А. С. Казанцев, Л. П. Жарикова Четвертичные отложения Приморской низменности (Халлерчинская тундра) / В. Б. Спектор Верхнекайнозойские отложения Колымской низменности / О. В. Гриненко Основные этапы рельефообразования Приморской низменности Восточной Якутии и ее горного обрамления / А. Г. Савченко Современные движения земной коры и их геоморфологическое выражение в прибрежной зоне Колымской низменности / Я. А. Бень Комплексное изучение неотектоники закрытых территорий (На примере Яне-Колымской низменности) / В. А. Баландин Геоморфологическое выражени е Иченской надвиговой зоны Момского хребта / Я. А. Бень Колебания уровней морей Лаптевых и Восточно-Сибирского В голоцене и их роль в формировании прибрежно-морских отложений / К. С. Ефремов Моделирование как метод структурно-геоморфологического анализа / В. А. Баландин , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents G01S91 Introduction to special section on changes in the Arctic freshwater system: identification, attribution, and impacts at local and global scales (DOI 10.1029/2007JG000615) / Charles Vörösmarty, Larry Hinzman, and Jonathan Pundsack Theme 1: Documenting the State and Trajectories of Change in Arctic Land-Ocean-Atmospheric Subsystems G04S54 The arctic freshwater system: Changes and impacts (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000353) / Daniel White, Larry Hinzman, Lilian Alessa, John Cassano, Molly Chambers, Kelly Falkner, Jennifer Francis, William J. Gutowski Jr., Marika Holland, R. Max Holmes, Henry Huntington, Douglas Kane, Andrew Kliskey, Craig Lee, James McClelland, Bruce Peterson, T Scott Rupp, Fiamma Straneo, Michael Steele, Rebecca Woodgate, Daqing Yang, Kenji Yoshikawa, and Tingjun Zhang G04S50 Recent Eurasian river discharge to the Arctic Ocean in the context of longer-term dendrohydrological records (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000333) / G. M. MacDonald, K. V. Kremenetski, L. C. Smitz, and H. G. Hidalgo G04S53 Temporal and spatial variations in maximum river discharge from a new Russian data set (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000352) / A. I. Shiklomanov, R. B. Lammers, M A. Rawlins, L. C. Smith, and T M. Pavelsky G04S47 Rising minimum daily flows in northern Eurasian rivers: A growing influence of groundwater in the high-latitude hydro logic cycle (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000327) / Laurence C. Smith, Tamlin M Pavelsky, Glen M. MacDonald, Alexander I. Shiklomanov, and Richard B. Lammers G04S59 Variability in river temperature, discharge, and energy flux from the Russian pan-Arctic landmass (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000370) / Richard B. Lammers, Jonathan W. Pundsack, and Alexander I. Shiklomanov G04S57 Nutrient (N, P) loads and yields at multiple scales and subbasin types in the Yukon River basin, Alaska (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000366) / Mark M. Dornblaser and Robert G. Striegl G04S60 Recent changes in nitrate and dissolved organic carbon export from the upper Kuparuk River, North Slope, Alaska (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000371) / J. W. McClelland, M. Stieglitz, Feifei Pan, R. M. Holmes, and B. J. Peterson Theme 2: Attribution: Sources ofHydrologic System Change in the Arctic G04S42 Response of Northern Hemisphere extratropical cyclone activity and associated precipitation to climate change, as represented by the Community Climate System Model (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000286) / Joel Finnis, Marika M. Holland, Mark C. Serreze, and John J. Cassano G04S49 Predicted changes in synoptic forcing of net precipitation in large Arctic river basins during the 21st century (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000332) / John J. Cassano, Petteri Uotila, Amanda H Lynch, and Elizabeth N. Cassano G04S45 A multimodel simulation of pan-Arctic hydrology (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000303) / A. G. Slater, T J. Bohn, J. L. McCreight, M C. Serreze, and D. P. Lettenmaier G04S43 Spring and aufeis (icing) hydrology in Brooks Range, Alaska (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000294) / Kenji Yoshikawa, Larry D. Hinzman, and Douglas L. Kane G04S46 Application ofTopoFlow, a spatially distributed hydrological model, to the Imnavait Creek watershed, Alaska (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000326) / Imke Schramm, Julia Boike, W Robert Bolton, and Larry D. Hinzman G04S44 Arctic tundra shrub invasion and soot deposition: Consequences for spring snowmelt and near-surface air temperatures (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000297) / John E. Strack, Roger A. Pielke Sr. , and Glen E. Liston G04S51 Chemical characteristics offulvic acids from Arctic surface waters: Microbial contributions and photochemical transformations (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000343) / Rose M Cory, Diane M. McKnight, Yu-Ping Chin, Penney Miller, and Chris L. Jaros G04S58 Impacts of climate warming and permafrost thaw on the riverine transport of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Kara Sea (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000369) / Karen E. Frey, James W McClelland, Robert M. Holmes, and Laurence C. Smith Theme 3: Impacts and Feedbacks from Arctic Freshwater Cycle Change G04S48 Relative sensitivity of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation to river discharge into Hudson Bay and the Arctic Ocean (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000330) / Asa K Rennermalm, Eric F. Wood, Andrew J. Weaver, Michael Eby, and Stephen J. Dery G04S41 Arctic freshwater export in the 20th and 21st centuries (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000274) / Torben Koenigk, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Helmuth Haak, and Johann Jungclaus G04S55 Projected changes in Arctic Ocean freshwater budgets (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000354) / Marika M. Holland, Joel Finnis, Andrew P. Barrett, and Mark C. Serreze G04S52 Potential impacts of a changing Arcfic on community water sources on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska (DOI 10.1029/2006JG000351) / Molly Chambers, Daniel White, Robert Busey, Larry Hinzman, Lilian Alessa, and Andrew Kliskey There is no G04S56 in this volume. Author Index

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Field program Results and discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Data analysis procedures

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Velocity problem Heat and mass transfer problem - A single drop Heat and mass transfer - A system of drops Literature cited Appendix A: FORTRAN IV program to calculate final drop temperature, air temperatureand humidity

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Anisotropy and sea ice macrostructure Anisotropy and sea ice microstructure A theory of anisotropic radar return from sea ice Anisotropic electric flux penetration into brine layers Implications of normal exclusion, tangential penetration, and brine layer geometry for dielectric behavior of sea ice Modeling of electromagnetic reflection from a stratified, anisotropic, inhomogeneous lossy medium Calculation of mixture complex dielectric constants Calculation of interfacial power reflection coefficients Calculation of bulk power reflection coefficients Calculation of attenuated power reflection coefficients Beam spread Results Anisotropic bottom reflections Anisotropic complex dielectric constants Sensitivity of parameters Internal reflection: the bumps Discussion Conclusions Literature cited

Note: Contents Foreword by UNEP Foreword by WGMS Summary 1 Introduction 2 Glaciers and climate 3 Global distribution of glaciers and ice caps 4 Glacier fluctuation series 5 Global glacier changes 6 Regional glacier changes 6.1 New Guinea 6.2 Africa 6.3 New Zealand 6.4 Scandinavia 6.5 Central Europe 6.6 South America 6.7 Northern Asia 6.8 Antarctica 6.9 Central Asia 6.10 North America 6.11 Arctic Islands 7 Conclusions References Appendix 1 - National Correspondents of the WGMS Appendix 2 - Meta-data on available fluctuation data

Note: Sumario 1 Cambio climático 1.1. Causas nauturales de cambios climáticos 1.2. Cambios climáticos a lo largo del tiempo geológico 1.3. Variaciones del efecto invernadero 2 Hacia el cambio climático 2.1. Temperatura 2.2. Precipitación 2.3. Nivel del mar 2.4. Extensión de nieve y Polos 2.5. Desastres naturales 2.6. Permafrost 3 Escenarios climáticos para el siglo XXI en España 4 El agua aubterránea y los efectos del cambio climático 4.1. Usos del agua subterránea 4.2. Efectos del cambio climático en la fase subterránea del ciclo hidrológico 5 Experiencia del IGME 5.1. Conocimiento de los recursos hídricos subterráneos 5.2. Acuíferos costeros 5.3. Estimación de la recarga natural 5.4. Ecosistemas acuáticos relacionados con las aguas subterráneas 5.5. Actuaciones contra las sequías 5.6. Estudios polares 5.7. Estudios paleoclimáticos 5.8. Almacenamiento geológico profundo de CO2 5.9. Actuaciones dirigidas a mitigar los efectos del cambio climatíco 6. Propuesta de estudios para los próximos decenios Referencias bibliográficas , In spanischer Sprache

Note: in kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort. - Einführung. - I. Die Natur des Landes. - Die Oberflächengestaltung. - Das Klima. - Die Eiszeit und die heutige Vergletscherung. - Das Pflanzenkleid. - Das Tierleben. - II. Die Eingeborenen Alaskas vor der Berührung mit den Weissen. - Alaskas Bedeutung für die Besiedlung der neuen Welt. - Räumliche Verteilung und Differenzierungen der Eingeborenenkulturen. - Tundra und Meer als Lebensraum der Eskimos und Aleuten. - Die Indianer des inneralaskischen Waldlandes. - Die Indianer im Küstenwaldbereich Südostalaskas. - Das Problem der Entstehung der Eingeborenenkulturen. - III. Die Erschließung Alaskas durch die Weissen. - Die Erschließung und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in der Zeit der russischen Herrschaft. - Die Erschließung durch die US.-Amerikaner. - IV. Das Wirtschaftsleben im heutigen Alaska. - Alaska als subarktisches Kolonialland. - Die einzelnen Wirtschaftszweige. - Der Saisoncharakter des Wirtschaftslebens. - Die Fischereiwirtschaft. - Alaska als Fischereiland. - Die wirtschaftlich bedeutsamen Fischarten. - Die Lachskonservenindustrie. - Die räumliche Verteilung und der Aufbau der Industrie. - Die Fangmethoden. - Die übrigen Lachsverwertungsindustrien und die Fischerei mit der Rollangel. - Die Heilbuttfischerei. - Die Heringsfischerei. - Der Kabeljaufang und andere kleine Fischereien. - Die Gliederung des Fischereiraumes. - Der Walfang und Robbenschlag. - Die Bergwirtschaft. - Alaska als Bergbauland. - Der Goldbergbau. - Die Verbreitung der Goldvorkommen. - Der Abbau von Gold auf primärer Lagerstätte. - Die Goldseifen. - Ihre Bedeutung für die Entwicklung des Landes. - Die Seifengoldlagerstätten. - Die Betriebsformen der Seifengoldgewinnung. - Die regionale Verteilung der einzelnen Betriebsformen. - Der Abbau von anderen Bodenschätzen. - Die Zukunftsmöglichkeiten für den Bergbau. - Die Landwirtschaft. - Überblick über die Entwicklung der Landwirtschaft in neuerer Zeit. - Die natürlichen Voraussetzungen für die landwirtschaftliche Bodennutzung. - Der heutige Stand der agraren Produktion. - Die agraren Siedlungsgebiete. - Das Matanuskatal. - Das Tananatal und das Innere. - Das Gebiet des Cook Inlet. - Die Viehwirtschaft im Grasland des Südwestens und das südöstliche Alaska. - Die agraren Produktions- und Siedlungsmöglichkeiten. - Die Holznutzung der Wälder. - Die Rentierhaltung in der Tundra. - Pelztierjagd und Pelztierzucht. - V. Die Menschen und ihre Siedlungen im heutigen Alaska. - Verteilung und Aufbau der Bevölkerung. - Die Eingeborenen. - Ihre Lebensformen und ihre Lebensweise. - Die regionale Differenzierung. - Die weiße Bevölkerung. - Die Siedlungen. - Verkehrswege und Verkehrsmittel. - Alaskas Wandlungen seit Beginn des zweiten Weltkrieges. - Sachregister. - Literaturverzeichnis. - Verzeichnis der Abbildungen. - Verzeichnis der Figuren.

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Eröffnungsvortrag: Die Entwicklung der Isotopen- und Strahlenforschung in der DDR / K. Wetzel. - Neuere Arbeiten zur Stoffanalytik / G. Brunner. - Die Entwicklung der massenspektroskopischen Elementspurenanalyse / H.-J. Dietze. - Anwendung der theoretischen Physik in der Isotopen- und Strahlenforschung / R. Haberlandt. - Zur Anwendung radioaktiver tracer in der Industrie / H. Koch. - Die Wechselwirkung von Kernstrahlung mit Gasen - Grundlagen und Anwendungen / J. Leonhardt, J. Boes, H.-J. Grosse, P. Popp. - Stand und Entwicklungstendenzen der strahlenchemischen Forschung / W. Reicherdt. - Die Trennung, Gewinnung und Nutzung von Spaltprodukten / M. Roesseler. - Isotope in der Natur / H. Schuetze. - Beteiligung des Zentralinstitutes für Isotopen- und Strahlenforschung im Rahmen der DDR-Antarktisforschung während der 23. Sowjetischen Antarktisexpedition (SAE) 1977-1979 / G. Strauch, D. Fritzsche. - Radionuklide in Diagnostik und Therapie / Dr. Vormum. - Übersicht über die bisher erschienenen Nummern der ZfI-Mitteilungen.

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction One-dimensional equations of simultaneous heat and moisture flux Moisture transport Heat transport Phase change Coupling effects Frost heave algorithm Development of computer model Finite difference vs finite element method Finite element formulation Time domain solution Evaluation of the mathematical model Heat flux Moisture flux Numerical dispersion Frost heave of homogeneous laboratory samples Conclusions Recommended studies to refine the model Literature cited Appendix A. Work plan, staffing and instrumentation requirements for correlating results oflaboratory frost susceptibility tests with field performance Appendix B. Proposed investigation of thaw weakening of subgrade soil and granular unboundbase course Appendix C. Derivation of finite element system matrices

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Literature review Experimental design Climate Results and discussion Nutrient sources Mulches Soil fertility Cost analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited

Note: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS: Abbildungs- und Tabellenverzeichnis. - 1 Das Thema dieses Buches. - 2 Aufbau wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten: Seminar-, Examens- und Doktorarbeit. - 2.1 Der Vorspann der Arbeit. - 2.1.1 Titel der Arbeit. - 2.1.2 Vorwort und Dank. - 2.1.3 Inhaltsverzeichnis. - 2.1.4 Verzeichnis der Visualisierungen. - 2.1.5 Abkürzungsverzeichnis. - 2.2 Die eigentliche Handlung. - 2.2.1 Einführung in die Untersuchung. - 2.2.2 Hauptteil und Höhepunkt der Arbeit. - 2.2.3 Schlussteil der Arbeit. - 2.3 Der Nachspann. - 2.3.1 Literatur-und Quellenverzeichnis. - 2.3.2 Anhang. - 3 Texte sprachlich korrekt gestalten. - 3.1 Themenfindung, -eingrenzung und Titelformulierung. - 3.2 Terminologien und Synonyme. - 3.2.1 Einleitung. - 3.2.2 Hauptteil. - 3.2.3 Höhepunkt. - 3.2.4 Schlussteil. - 3.3 Sach- in Sprachlogik überführen. - 3.3.1 Konjunktionen und Aufzählungen. - 3.3.2 Passiv und Aktiv. - 3.3.3 Nominal- und Verbalstil. - 3.3.4 Haupt- und Nebensatz. - 4 Visualisierungen: Ergebnisse im Gedächtnis des Lesers verankern. - 4.1 Äußere Form. - 4.2 Schriftarten und -größen. - 4.3 Überschriften. - 4.4 Kopf- und Fußzeilen. - 4.5 Farben und Farbflächen. - 5 Zeitmanagement und Planungsschritte einer wissenschaftlichen Arbeit. - 5.1 Texte zeitnah verfassen. - 5.2 Gesamtplanung einer Arbeit: Zeitmodell entwickeln und Zeitplan aufstellen. - 5.2.1 Seminararbeit. - 5.2.2 Examensarbeit. - 5.2.3 Doktorarbeit. - 5.3 Detailplanung: Wochen- und Tagesplan aufstellen. - 6 Schreibblockaden überwinden. - 6.1 Einstieg zum Schreiben finden. - 6.2 Einen Schlussstrich ziehen und Wichtiges von Unwichtigem trennen. - 6.3 Gliederung und Struktur in den Text bringen. - 6.4 Schreiben mit der Hand und am PC. - 6.5 Aufräumen der Gefühle und Erforschung der sinnlichen Wahrnehmung. - 7 Die vier Segmente der Schreibbalance. - 7.1 Topic. - 7.2 Family and values. - 7.3 People. - 7.4 Space. - 8 Fangen Sie jetzt an, erfolgreich zu schreiben!. - ANHANG - Checkliste zum Überarbeiten wissenschaftlicher Texte. - Allgemeine Literatur zum wissenschaftlichen Schreiben.

Note: Contents: The place of glaciers in natural and cultural landscapes / Ben Orlove, Ellen Wiegandt and Brian h. Luckman -- pt. 1. Societal perceptions: cultures and institutions. Changing views of changing glaciers / Wilfred Haeberli -- Challenges of living with glaciers in the Swiss Alps, past and present / Ellen Wiegandt and Ralph Lugon -- Environment, history, and culture as influences on perceptions of glacier dynamics: the case of Mt. Shasta / Barbara Wolf and Ben Orlove -- Glacial hazards: perceiving and responding to threats in four world regions / Christian Huggel, Wilfried Haeberli, and Andreas Kaab -- pt. 2. Scientific observations: measurement, monitoring and modeling. Two alpine glaciers over the past two centuries: a scientific view based on pictorial sources / Daniel Steiner, Heinz J. Zumbuhl, and Andreas Bauder -- Long-term observations of glaciers in Norway / Liss Andreassen...[et al.] -- Alpinewide distributed glacier mass balance modeling: a tool for assessing future glacier change / Frank Paul...[et al.] -- Modeling climate-change impacts on mountain glaciers and water resources in the central dry Andes / Javier Corripio...[et al.] -- pt. 3. Trends in natural landscapes: climate change. Glacier mass balance in the Northern U.S. and Canadian Rockies: paleo-perspectives and 20th century change / Emma Watson...[et al.] -- Glacier fluctuations in the European Alps, 1850-2000: an overview and spatio-temporal analysis of available data / Michael Zemp...[et al.] -- Tropical glaciers, climate change, and society: focus on Kilimanjaro (East Africa) / Thomas Molg...[et al.] -- pt. 4. Impacts on human landscapes: resources, hazards and cultural landscapes. New Zealand's glaciers: key national and global assets for science and society / John Hay and Tui Elliot -- The impact of mining on rock glaciers and glaciers: examples from Central Chile / Alexander Brenning -- Glacier changes and their impacts on mountain tourism: two case studies from the Italian Alps / Claudio Smiraglia...[et al.] -- Mama Cotacachi: history, local perceptions, and social impacts of climate change and glacier retreat in the Ecuadorian Andes / Robert E. Rhoades, Xavier Zapata Rios, and Jenny Aragundy Ochoa -- pt. 5. Responses: adaptation and accommodation. The politics of place: inhabiting and defending glacier hazard zones in Peru's Cordillera Blanca / Mark Carey -- Responses to glacier retreat in the context of development planning in Nepal / Shardul Agrawala -- Glaciers and efficient water use in Central Asia / Urs Luterbacher...[et al.] -- Research and development in mountain glaciers: an overview of institutions and organizations / Denis Knubel, Greg Greenwood, and Ellen Wiegandt