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1

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The lymphatic route. 1) Albumin and hyaluronidase modify the normal distribution of interferon in lymph and plasma (1986)

Bocci, V. ; Muscettola, M. ; Grasso, G. ; [et al.]

Springer

Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 432-433

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ISSN: 1420-9071

Keywords: Interferon ; immunomodulator ; catabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; administration routes

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary When human recombinant interferon-α2 diluted in saline was injected s.c. into rabbits, the total amount recovered in thoracic lymph was less than 0.4%. Recoveries increased from 2- to 8-fold if interferon was injected in 4% albumin or with hyaluronidase, respectively. Albumin added to interferon acts as an interstitial fluid expander, thus favoring interferon absorption through lymphatics rather than blood capillaries. This strategy may increase the therapeutic index of interferon.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02118644

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2

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Protein limitation of a tree leaf feeding Lepidopteran (1986)

Schroeder, Lauren Alfred

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 41 (1986), S. 115-120

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Keywords: dry matter budget ; nitrogen ; protein ; nutritional ecology ; growth efficiencies ; Datana ministra ; Tilia americana

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'hypothèse suivant laquelle la croissance des larves d'insectes est limitée par l'insuffisance des protéines disponibles dans les feuilles d'arbres a été examinée par l'alimentation des chenilles de Datana ministra Drury sur feuilles développées de Tilia americana L. enduites d'une mixture de protéines d'oeuf et de lait. Des chenilles de second stade, prélevées dans des colonies naturelles, ont été séparées en un lot témoin élevé en masse sur feuilles coupées et un lot expérimental élevé sur feuiles coupées mais enduites de protéines. Le bilan en matière sèche, le taux de croissance, la relation entre ce taux de croissance et la quantité de matière ingérée, le poids des prénymphes ont été déterminés sur 10 chenilles de dernier stade dans chaque lot. Les chenilles ayant consommé un supplément de protéine ont présenté un plus faible taux d'ingestion et un plus faible rendement de croissance, mais une meilleure efficacité apparente d'ingestion et un meilleur taux apparent d'assimilation que les témoins. Le complément protéique n'a pas eu d'effet sur le taux de croissance des chenilles de 5ème stade bien que l'alimentation avec addition de protéines ait provoqué la nymphose à un poids larvaire plus faible. L'addition de protéines avait provoqué une chargé métabolique pour les chenilles, peut-être en provoquant une demande d'excrétion d'azote excessive ou en créant un déséquilibre osmotique, ce qui aurait provoqué une réduction du taux de croissance et du poids des chenilles malgré un taux d'assimilation supérieur. Ces résultats ne confirment pas l'hypothèse que les insectes des arbres sont carencés en protéines.

Notes: Abstract The hypothesis that arbivorous insects are protein limited was tested by feeding larvae of Datana ministra mature leaves of Tilia americana that were coated with a mixture of protein. Larvae fed the protein supplement had a lower ingestion rate and net growth efficienty but higher apparent digestion efficiency and apparent assimilation rate than control larvae. Protein supplement had no effect on the rate of growth of 5th instar larvae although larvae fed added protein pupated at a lower weight than control larvae. The added protein placed a metabolic load on the larvae, perhaps by excessive nitrogen excretion demands and osmotic imbalance. The results do not support the hypothesis that arbivorous insects are protein limited.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195566

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3

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A comparative study on the intrinsic rates of increase ofCyrtobagous singularis andC. salviniae on the water weedSalvinia molesta (1986)

Sands, D. P. A. ; Schotz, M. ; Bourne, A. S.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 231-237

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Keywords: Curculionidae ; Cyrtobagous singularis ; Cyrtobagous salviniae ; Salvinia molesta ; population increase ; survivorship ; fecundity ; fertility ; biological control ; temperature ; nutrition ; nitrogen

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les taux intrinsèques d'accroissement (rm) deC. salviniae du Bresil et deC. singularis de Trinidad, ont été établis au laboratoire à 23°C; 27°C; 31°C, sur des plants deS. molesta riches en azote. Les différences entre les rm des deux espèces provenaient pour l'essentiel de la ponte et de la mortalité préimaginale. Aux 3 températures, les valeurs de rm deC. salviniae (0.210; 0.366; 0.404) étaient supérieures à celles deC. singularis (0.148; 0.140; 0.064). A toutes les températuresC. salviniae a pondu 7 fois plus d'oeufs queC. salviniae; à 31°C, la ponte a été réduite de 45% pour les 2 espèces et été accompagnée d'une diminution des taux d'éclosion. La ponte deC. salvinae était presque continue (92% des semaines avec des oeufs), tandis que celle deC. singularis était intermittent (50% des semaines avec pontes), les interruptions étant en moyenne de 2 semaines. La teneur deS. molesta en azote a affecté la reproduction deC. singularis plus que celle deC. salviniae; un accroissement de 0.1% en poids sec, augmentant les pontes hebdomadaires respectivement de 7% et de 3.6%. Les différences de valeur de rm des 2 espèces sont examinées pour évaluer leurs potentialités comme éléments de la lutte biologique.

Notes: Abstract The intrinsic rates of increase (rm) ofCyrtobagous salviniae Calder & Sands from Brazil andC. singularis Hustache from Trinidad W.I., were determined in the laboratory at 23°C, 27°C and 31°C on nitrogen-rich plants of the aquatic weed,Salvinia molesta Mitchell. Variation in oviposition and immature survivorship accounted for most of the differences between species in rm values (exponential growth of a stable-age population in a non-limiting environment). Values for rm were higher forC. salviniae (0.210, 0.366, 0.404) than forC. singularis (0.148, 0.140, 0.064) at the three temperatures respectively. At all temperatures,C. salviniae laid seven times more eggs thanC. singularis while at 31°C oviposition was reduced for both species by 45%, and was accompanied by a reduction in egg hatch. Oviposition byC. salviniae was almost continuous (92% of weeks with some eggs laid) whereas oviposition byC. singularis was intermittent (50% of weeks) with intervals averaging 3 weeks without oviposition. Nitrogen concentration inS. molesta affected reproduction byC. singularis more thanC. salviniae, an increase of 0.1% (dry wt) increasing weekly oviposition by 7.0% and 3.6% respectively. The differences in rm for the two weevil species are discussed in relationship to their potential as biological control agents.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00629309

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4

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Nitrogen requirements in young Douglas-fir of the Pacific North-west (1988)

Turner, John ; Lambert, Marcia J ; Gessel, Stanley P

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 15 (1988), S. 173-179

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ISSN: 1573-0867

Keywords: Douglas-fir ; urea ; basal area increment ; growth response ; nitrogen ; critical level

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract A series of fourteen Pacific North-west Douglas-fir installations, ranging in age from 6 to 26 years were analysed with respect to site factors, foliage nutrients, and growth response to applied fertilizer. Unfertilized basal area increment ranged from 1.2 to 3.1 m2 ha−1 yr−1 with no apparent relationship with soil, stand age or site index. Basal area increment was correlated with foliage N and a critical level for N was calculated as 1.7%. Applications of 220 kg N ha−1 as urea increased growth between 0 and 95% of the unfertilized basal area growth, with an average of 24.9%. Response could be predicted from foliage N and unfertilized basal area increment. When the same relationships were applied to previously older stand data, results were more variable as elements such as B and S showed evidence of being limiting.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050679

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5

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Nitrogen and potassium requirement of pineapple in relation to irrigation in Nigeria (1988)

Asoegwu, S. N.

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 15 (1988), S. 203-210

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ISSN: 1573-0867

Keywords: irrigation ; pineapples ; nitrogen ; potassium ; yield ; Nigeria

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The investigation studied the effect of fertilization with four nitrogen levels (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha), four potassium levels (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) and four irrigation treatments (0, 3, 7 and 14-day interval) on the growth and yield of smooth Cayenne pineapples. Increasing irrigation frequency increased growth parameters of number of leaves, D-leaf length and days to 50% flowering. Fruit weight was highest at N = 150 kg/ha, K = 200 kg/ ha and irrigation once a week. Higher N levels (beyond 150 kg/ha) applied after the plant crop has been harvested did not further enhance yields of the ratoon crop. For K = 200 kg/ha potential and harvested yields were reduced in all irrigation treatments when N 〉 150 kg/ha.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01051342

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6

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Fertilizer requirement of rice-wheat and maize-wheat rotations on coarse-textured soils amended with farmyard manure (1988)

Maskina, M. S. ; Bijay-Singh ; Yadvinder-Singh ; [et al.]

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 17 (1988), S. 153-164

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ISSN: 1573-0867

Keywords: farmyard manure ; maize ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; rice ; wheat

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Field experiments with rice-wheat rotation were conducted during five consecutive years on a coarse-textured low organic matter soil. By amending the soil with 12t FYM ha−1, the yield of wetland rice in the absence of fertilizers was increased by 32 per cent. Application of 80 kg N ha−1 as urea could increase the grain yield of rice equivalent to 120 kg N ha−1 on the unamended soil. Although the soil under test was low in Olsen's P, rice did not respond to the application of phosphorus on both amended and unamended soils. For producing equivalent grain yield, fertilizer requirement of maize grown on soils amended with 6 and 12 t FYM ha−1 could be reduced, respectively to 50 and 25 per cent of the dose recommended for unamended soil (120 kg N + 26.2 kg P + 25 kg K ha−1). Grain yield of wheat grown after rice on soils amended with FYM was significantly higher than that obtained on unamended soil. In contrast, grain yield of wheat which followed maize did not differ significantly on amended or unamended soils.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050276

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7

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Fertilizer and liming value of lime-treated sewage sludge (1986)

Willett, IR ; Jakobsen, P ; Malafant, KWJ

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 8 (1986), S. 313-328

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ISSN: 1573-0867

Keywords: fertilizers ; lime ; lucerne ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; sewage sludge

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract A field experiment was conducted with lucerne on a strongly acidic and phosphorus deficient soil to determine the liming and phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer value of an undigested, lime-treated sewage sludge. The results are presented in terms of calculated combinations of lime, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer required to obtain the same lucerne yield (or soil pH or extractable phosphorus level) as achieved with 5 or 10 t ha−1 of dried sludge. The sludge was a good source of lime, phosphorus and nitrogen. The sludge phosphorus was 49% as effective as the fertilizer phosphorus in raising extractable phosphorus in the soil to the level required for crop growth. The calcium carbonate of the sludge raised soil pH more effectively than agricultural lime, probably because of finer particle size in the former. It was not possible to achieve the yield obtained with 25 t ha−1 of sludge with combinations of agricultural lime, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers at high rates of application. This was attributed to the effects of the sludge on improving soil physical properties.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048634

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8

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Recovery of15N-labelled fertilizer by sugar beet—spring wheat and winter rye—sugar beet cropping sequences (1986)

Zapata, F ; Cleemput, O

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 8 (1986), S. 269-278

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ISSN: 1573-0867

Keywords: nitrogen ; nitrogen-15 ; nitrogen efficiency ; nitrogen balance ; residual nitrogen ; sugar beet ; spring wheat ; winter rye

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The recovery of15N labelled ammonium fertilizer was studied during two cropping sequences: sugar beet—spring wheat and winter rye—sugar beet with the labelled N applied to the first crop of each sequence. The difference between fall and spring application was also investigated. For the first cropping sequence 100 kg N ha−1 labelled with 11.4%15N atom excess (a.e.) was applied to the sugar beets. This labelled N was followed in the sugar beets, in the soil profile at harvesting time as well as in the spring wheat of the following year. The first crop of sugar beet recovered 43–46% of the applied N, with 26–29% remaining in the soil at harvesting time and 25–31% could not be accounted for. Of the residual N, less than 1% could be recovered by the next crop of spring wheat. For the second cropping sequence 50 kg N ha−1 labelled with 11.5%15N a.e. was applied to the winter rye and followed in the winter rye and in the sugar beets of the following year. The recovery of the labelled fertilizer N applied to the winter rye of the second sequence was 20–27% and the sugar beets of the next year could only recover 2%. With respect to time of application, no difference in fertilizer N recovery was found between fall or spring application for the two sequences.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048629

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9

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Response of two okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) varieties to fertilizers: Growth and nutrient concentration as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus application (1986)

Majanbu, IS ; Ogunlela, VB ; Ahmed, MK

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 8 (1986), S. 297-306

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ISSN: 1573-0867

Keywords: Growth ; nutrient concentration ; nitrogen ; okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) phosphorus

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The growth response and nutrient concentration in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) as influenced by four nitrogen rates (0, 25, 50 and 100 kg ha−1) and three phosphorus rates (0, 13 and 26 kg ha−1) were examined using two varieties (‘White velvet’ and ‘NHAE 47-4’). Nitrogen application generally increased fruit and shoot dry weights markedly whereas phosphorus increased them only moderately. Leaf and primary branch production and plant height were also enhanced by nitrogen fertilization up to 100 kg N ha−1 but were not influenced by phosphorus application. The application of nitrogen enhanced the concentration of N, P and K in fruits and N and Mg in leaves while P and K concentrations in leaves were depressed. Nutrient concentrations in plant tissues were also partly a function of plant age and variety.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048632

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10

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Comparisons of the fertilizing and liming properties of lime-treated sewage sludge with its incinerated ash (1986)

Jakobsen, P ; Willett, IR

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 9 (1986), S. 187-197

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ISSN: 1573-0867

Keywords: lime ; lucerne ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; ryecorn ; ryegrass ; sewage sludge ; sewage ash

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Two field experiments were conducted to compare the fertilizing and liming properties of dried lime-treated sewage sludge with its incineration product (ash). One experiment used a mixture of ryecorn and ryegrass on a relatively fertile soil and the other lucerne on a strongly acidic and phosphorus deficient soil. The first harvest of the ryecorn-ryegrass experiment showed small but significant linear responses in dry matter yield to both ash and sludge. Ash applications did not affect foliage nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, or uptakes, but sludge applications increased these significantly. Sludge also increased the concentrations of K, S, Mg, Cu and Zn but ash only increased the concentrations of S and Mg. At the second harvest (ryegrass) 5 t ha−1 of sludge increased dry matter yield and foliage nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations whereas ash had no effect. Levels of phosphorus extracted from the soil were increased by both amendments but the sludge was much more effective than the ash. Both ash and sludge raised soil pH. In the lucerne experiment comparisons between sludge and ash were calculated from response surfaces fitted to the data which showed marked increased in soil pH and dry matter yield. Sludge markedly increased extractable phosphorus whereas ash had no effect. The sludge was 22% as effective as ash in raising soil pH to 6.5. The amounts of ash required to obtain the same yield as 10 t ha−1 of sludge were 5.78, 12.78 and 6.39 t ha−1 respectively for three successive harvests. These results and those for foliage concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were also ascribed to the much greater availability of the sludge phosphorus than the ash phosphorus, and the presence of nitrogen in the sludge but not in the ash.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050345

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