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  • Elsevier  (107.102)
  • Institute of Physics  (21.540)
  • National Academy of Sciences  (4.369)
  • Berlin : Akad.-Verl.
  • Hannover
  • 1990-1994  (79.752)
  • 1970-1974  (26.631)
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  • 1992  (79.751)
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  • 1964  (14.542)
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  • 1
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    The coagulation of hydrosols by brownian motion and laminar shear flow (1964)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-16
    Beschreibung: The coagulation of hydrosols was investigated theoretically and experimentally. A reduced form of the particle size distribution function, designated “self-preserving,” was found to satisfy Smoluchowski's equations of coagulation by Brownian motion and shear flow. Brownian motion coagulation experiments with two heterogeneous hydrosols showed that the distributions were self-preserving. The rate of coagulation for heterogeneous systems was found to be second order in total particle concentration, consistent with the self-preserving form of the distribution function. Coagulation experiments were carried out in a simple laminar shear field using a homogeneous Dow polystyrene latex dispersion. Smoluchowski's shear flow theory was confirmed for shear rates ranging from 1 to 80 sec.−1 The shear coagulation of a heterogeneous emulsion was studied at several shear rates, and the size distributions were self-preserving.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Chronology of the Middle Pleistocene Kidnappers Group, New Zealand and correlation to global oxygen isotope stratigraphy (1992)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-11-14
    Beschreibung: Middle Pleistocene strata of the Kidnappers Group consist of a conformable sequence of alternating fluvio-lacustrine and shallow marine sediments exposed along coastal cliffs near Cape Kidnappers, southern Hawkes Bay, New Zealand. Three major paleomagnetic polarity intervals are recognised and interpreted as Jaramillo Normal Subchron, upper Matuyama Reversed Chron and Brunhes Normal Chron. This and biostratigraphy indicates an age range of 0.97 to 0.54 Ma for the group, compared to 0.85 to 〈 0.33 Ma previously suggested by fission track ages of tuffs. The new age control and facies interpretations suggest that the upper part of the group represents oxygen isotope stages 22 to 15. The duration and magnitude of isotope stages is reflected in the relative thicknesses of lithological units. Glacial periods are recorded as alluvial aggradation in the form of braidplain conglomerates, while estuarine and subaerial sands and muds with temperate climate pollens represent interglacial periods. This contrasts with many coastal and shelf sequences where glacial periods are represented by unconformities. Chemical and paleomagnetic characterisation of silicic tuffs in the Kidnappers Group establishes correlation to other sections and cores in New Zealand, the Tasman Sea and the western Pacific Ocean, thus providing temporal correlation for a range of sedimentary environments.
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  • 3
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    Secretion and excretion of calcium by the human gastrointestinal tract (1964)
    Elsevier
    In:  The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine , 64 (1). pp. 29-41.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-06
    Beschreibung: Fecal excretion of calcium of endogenous origin has been measured in 52 studies in 33 adult human subjects, under full metabolic balance conditions. Endogenous fecal calcium averaged .130 ± .047 Gm. per day, was positively correlated with both fecal calcium and dietary calcium and was inversely correlated with fractional calcium absorption. The regression line relating endogenous fecal calcium with fractional absorption allowed estimates for total intestinal calcium secretion at both zero and 100 per cent absorption; from these estimates it was calculated that approximately 15 per cent of the total intestinal calcium secretion was nonabsorbable even under conditions when dietary calcium was completely absorbed (presumably because it enters the gut caudad of the absorption sites). Total intestinal calcium secretion, calculated so as to allow for this nonabsorbable fraction, averaged .194 ± .073 Gm. per day, and could not be correlated with age, sex, dietary calcium intake, caloric intake, urine calcium, or plasma calcium. A weak correlation with body size (weight, surface area) was observed. The conditions studied were principally disorders of bone, calcium, and parathyroid metabolism, and in most of them total intestinal calcium secretion appeared identical. The sole exception was seen in two studies on a patient with acromegaly, in which total intestinal calcium secretion was over twice the mean value for the remainder of the group.
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  • 4
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    Distribution and abundance of the octopus Eledone cirrhosa in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Central Mediterranean (1992)
    Elsevier
    In:  Fisheries Research, 13 (1). pp. 53-66.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-31
    Beschreibung: Distribution and abundance of the horned octopus Eledone cirrhosa in the Tyrrhenian Sea are described on the basis of stratified-random bottom trawl surveys in spring and summer of the years 1985–1987. Specimens were caught between 25 and 630 m depth (higher densities between 50 and 200 m depth); mature males were found to prefer deeper bottoms than mature females. Young specimens occurred in spring samples from the Western Ligurian Sea and in summer samples from the Lower Tyrrhenian Sea, but were scarcely represented in the Higher Tyrrhenian Sea. Thus recruitment seems to be progressively delayed later in the season from north to south. The greatest abundance was recorded in the Higher Tyrrhenian Sea; wide seasonal variations of minimum stock biomass estimates have been observed and total biomass decreased from 1985 to 1987 in the surveyed areas.
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  • 5
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    Increases in Antarctic penguin populations: reduced competition with whales or a loss of sea ice due to environmental warming? (1992)
    Elsevier
    In:  Polar Biology, 11 (8). pp. 525-531.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-10
    Beschreibung: A central tenet of Antarctic ecology suggests that increases in Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) populations during the last four decades resulted from an increase in prey availability brought on by the decrease in baleen whale stocks. We question this tenet and present evidence to support the hypothesis that these increases are due to a gradual decrease in the frequency of cold years with extensive winter sea ice cover resulting from environmental warming. Supporting data were derived from one of the first, major multidisciplinary winter expedition to the Scotia and Weddell seas; recent satellite images of ocean ice cover; and the analysis of long-term surface temperature records and penguin demography. Our observations indicate there is a need to pay close attention to environmental data in the management of Southern Ocean resources given the complexity of relating biological changes to ecological perturbations.
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  • 6
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    Consumption of marine resources by seabirds and seals at Heard Island and the McDonald Islands (1992)
    Elsevier
    In:  Polar Biology, 12 (6-7). pp. 659-665.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-10
    Beschreibung: The seabird and seal community at Heard Island and the McDonald Islands comprised an estimated total biomass of 27893 tonnes of which the 15 breeding species of seabirds made up 70%. The total annual consumption of marine resources was estimated to be approximately 521 000 t, of which 81% was consumed by seabirds Approximately 165 000 t of fish, 41 600 t of squid and 312 000 t of crustaceans are consumed annually by this seabird and seal community. The annual energy flux to this community was estimated to be 2.17·1012 kJ and approximately 56 000 t of carbon are consumed annually. Breeding populations of King Penguins and Antarctic Fur Seals are increasing, that of the Southern Elephant Seal is decreasing; there are no data on the population trend for Macaroni Penguins, the predominant consumer species. Commercial fisheries are presently operating at the nearby Iles Kerguelen, and similar activities may prove to be commercially viable at Heard Island. The fishery is for Champsocephalus gunnari, a major prey species of penguins and Antarctic Fur Seals at Heard Island during the summer breeding season.
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  • 7
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Wärmeleitung und Temperaturausgleich : die mathematische Behandlung instationärer Wärmeleitungsprobleme mit Hilfe von Laplace-Transformationen (1971)
    Berlin : Akad.-Verl.
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Signatur: 8798 ; MOP 40926 / Mitte
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XIV, 374 S. : graph. Darst.
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Standort: MOP - Bitte bestellen
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 8
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    Methods of Sampling the Benthos (1964)
    Elsevier
    In:  Advances in Marine Biology, 2 . pp. 171-260.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-13
    Beschreibung: This chapter throws the attention on the methods of sampling the benthos, which has been directed mainly to the operation of the gear at sea and to such other factors as may influence sampling methods. This chapter briefly traces the history of benthos investigations, and then considers how far the instruments now available provide with the quantitative samples. It also shows how advances in other fields, such as radio-position finding, sonar and electronic equipment have increased the precision of our sampling methods. Moreover, sorting and sieving on board ship can be considered and brief mention made of methods of soil analysis and biomass determination. This chapter discusses the two possible approaches for the development of satisfactory quantitative collecting methods. First the improvement of the grab-type of instrument, with particular reference to increasing penetration and the perfection of release gear for the open sea, and second; the development of a wide-core sampler, like the Knudsen sampler, which works satisfactorily in the open sea. Moreover, statistics need to be even more fully applied, where collecting methods justify them, to such problems as the degree and scale of dispersion of individuals.
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  • 9
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    A teleseismic and petrological study of the crust and upper mantle beneath the geothermal anomaly Urach/SW-Germany (1992)
    Elsevier
    In:  Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 69 (3-4). pp. 176-206.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-08
    Beschreibung: Teleseismic P-wave travel time residuals recorded by a mobile, shortperiod network are interpreted using the composition of crustal and upper mantle xenoliths. A three-dimensional inversion of the P residuals revealed a small-scale anomalous domain with a velocity reduction of 3% in the crust and a broad low-velocity anomaly of 4% beneath the Moho down to a depth of 50 km. Xenoliths of the Miocene Urach volcanic field (“UVF”, 1300 km2; 355 eruptive centres, mostly diatremes) comprise phlogopite-bearing, clinopyroxene-rich mantle xenoliths, evidence for large ion lithophile element (LIL) metasomatism in an originally depleted harzburgitic mantle, reflecting chemical modification of the upper mantle beneath the UVF. The metasomatism caused partial melting in the spinel peridotite stability field, indicated by glasses in xenoliths, and a diapiric uprise of the partially molten metasomatized mantle. The observed reduction of the P-wave velocity of 4% in the lithospheric mantle can be explained by a local enrichment of phlogopite accompanied by increased temperatures. The crustal low-velocity body coincides very well with the postulated volume of an ancient intracrustal magma chamber or system of chambers required by the composition of xenoliths, the magnetization of the diatremes and the spatial distribution of the volcanic eruption centres.
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  • 10
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    Nitrous oxide in the Earth's atmosphere (1992)
    Elsevier
    In:  Applied Energy, 41 (3). pp. 177-200.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-04-03
    Beschreibung: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important atmospheric trace gas. Changes in the concentration of N2O in the atmosphere have evoked considerable interest because of its role in (i) regulating stratospheric ozone levels, and (ii) contributing to the atmospheric greenhouse phenomenon. The global concentration of N2O in the atmosphere has been rising since the start of the Industrial Revolution, before which the concentration was almost constant at about 280–290 ppbv. In ad 1990, it reached about 310 ppbv and is rising at a rate of 0·5–1·1 ppbv (i.e. 0·2–0·3%) per year. In this paper, the history of N2O in the Earth's atmosphere, together with its latitudinal and altitudinal distributions, and seasonal oscillations, are described.
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