ALBERT

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction St. Marys River Ice problems Remedial measures Field studies Highlights, trends, and major findings Modifications to boom Maximum forces Ship traffic Characteristics Effect of boom forces Effect on ice Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Ice boom forces

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Experiments Test flume facility Experimental apparatus Experimental procedure Results Plastic versus freshwater ice Shoreline forces Boom forces Average shear stress under ice cover Internal forces Discussion Data scatter Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Experimental results

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Store Fröen - eine Kindheit am Rand der dunklen Wälder. - 2 Kristiania, Schule und Examen - aber was danach?. - 3 Mit der "Viking" an die Küste des Märchenlandes. - 4 Die Bergener Jahre, Studium und Träume - und der Alte sagt doch ja. - 5 Auf Schneeschuhen durch Grönland - sechs Männer bezwingen die Eiswüste. - 6 Eine Frau fürs Leben - und der Pol lockt. - 7 Ein Schiff wird zur Heimat - mit der "Fram" ins Niemandsland. - 8 In Nacht und Eis - ein Forschungsprogramm, wie es noch keines gab. - 9 Aufbruch zum Pol und der Kampf ums Überleben. - 10 Stürmische Jahre - Weiterleben gegen die Schläge des Schicksals. - Zeittafel zur Biografie Fridtjof Nansens. - Worterklärungen. - Literatur.

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Test objectives Experimental setup and procedures Facilities Test fixture Data acquisiton system Ice sheets Measurement of ice properties Daily test summary Experimental results and discussion Observations Ice force records Frequency of ice force variations Discussion Maximum crushing forces Mean effective pressure or specific energy of ice in crushing Failure energy of ice Ratio of maximum force to mean force Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Data for continuous crushing tests

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 83-October 84. - II. Planned Activities, October 84-October 85. - References.

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART ONE: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENTS OF ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - CONSIDERATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS BY SCAR AND ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE PARTIES. - ANTARCTIC TREATY RESOLUTIONS ON ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - WMO RESOLUTIONS AND PRINCIPLES ON ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Engineering principles of the GTS. - 3. Functions and responsibilities of Meteorological Telecommunications Centres. - 4. Characteristics of the networks of the GTS. - 5. Operational principles of the GTS. - 6. The transmission of meteorological data on the GTS. - 7. Collection and transmission of meteorological data. - 8. Data processing. - 9. Telecommunications system. - 10. Weather reporting by traverse parties. - 11. Automatic weather stations in the Antarctic. - 12. AIREP reports. - 13. Mobile ship stations. - OTHER RELEVANT RECOMMENDATIONS AND RESOLUTIONS. - APPENDICES. - APPENDIX I. - Manual on the Global Data Processing System. - Vol. II - regional aspects, the Antarctic. - Data-processing and meteorological service activities in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX II. - Stations and observational programs comprising the Basic Synoptic Network in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX III. - Network of CLIMA T and CLIMAT TEMP reporting stations in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX IV. - Summary information of the collection of meteorological observational data by individual centres. - APPENDIX V. - Manual on the Global Telecommunications System. - Vol. II - regional aspects, the Antarctic. - Antarctic data telecommunications arrangements. - , TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART TWO: INTRODUCTION TO PART TWO. - RADIO PROCEDURES IN ANTARCTICA. - Introduction. - Distress and emergency procedures. - Control of circuits. - Traffic procedures. - USES OF CODES AND ABBREVIATIONS. - General. - Radio telegraphy. - Radio telephony. - Signal reporting codes. - Unofficial codes. - RADIO TELEPHONE OPERATIONS. - RADIO TELEPRINTER (RTTY) PROCEDURE. - General. - Preparation of teleprinter tapes. - General message format. - METEOROLOGICAL MESSAGES. - Introduction. - Format of meteorological messages. - Addressed messages. - Additional procedures. - Types of meteorological data messages. - List of stations carrying out meteorological observations. - Radio facsimile broadcasts of meteorological analyses charts. - Radio Teletype broadcasts of coded meteorological data. - ANTARCTIC STATIONS FITTED WITH INMARSAT FACILITIES. - EXCHANGE INFORMATION ON ANTARCTIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS. - EQUIPMENT AND SCHEDULES.

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Chapter 1. Introduction Location Purpose of study Previous work Chapter 2. Methodology Geology Overland erosion Wave erosion Frost penetration and heave Thaw failure Bank recession Ground water Soil moisture Chapter 3. Results Geology Geotechnical properties Overland erosion Wave erosion Freeze-thaw phenomena Ground water fluctuations Other slope failures Chapter 4. Discussion Overland erosion Wave erosion Thaw failure Universal soil loss equation Chapter 5. Summary and conclusions Techniques Erosion processes at Orwell lake Bank recession Literature cited Appendix A1: Average cumulative change of surface at erosion stations #2-12, 1980-81 Appendix A2: Cumulative net changes at overland erosion stations #1-12, 1980-81 Appendix A3: Cumulative net changes at overland erosion stations #1 -12, 198 1-82 Appendix A4: Cumulative average erosion at overland erosion stations #1-12, 1980-81 Appendix AS: Cumulative average erosion at overland erosion stations #1-12, 1981-82 Appendix A6: Cumulative average erosion at overland erosion stations #1 -1 2A, 1982 Appendix B: Dimensions of erosion sections, Orwell Lake, Minnesota Appendix C: Piezometer installation data, Orwell Lake, Minneso

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Background Materials Sample preparation Nuclear magnetic resonance Specific surface area Electrical conductivity Results and discussion Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Unfrozen water content vs temperature data for Lanzhou silt

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Methods and instrumentation Results Drift tracks Pressure data Temperature data Discussion Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Objectives and procedures Equipment Radar Brash ice probe Temperature measurements St. Clair River ice conditions Results and discussion Thickness and temperature Size distribution Radar survey Discussion of errors Porosity Phase state of the ice Partial submergence of individual pieces Spectra of reflected energy Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Laboratory verification of surface scattering from a simulated ice jam Appendix B: Display of digitized and processed data

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: Contents Recent research developments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:xi-xii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.01 --- A. H. F. Robertson and J. E. Dixon: Introduction: aspects of the geological evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:1-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.02 --- 1. Palaeotethys --- Editor’s introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:75-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.03 --- A. M. C. Şengör, Y. Yılmaz, and O. Sungurlu: Tectonics of the Mediterranean Cimmerides: nature and evolution of the western termination of Palaeo-Tethys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:77-112, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.04 --- Olivier Monod and Ergün Akay: Evidence for a Late Triassic-Early Jurassic orogenic event in the Taurides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:113-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.05 --- I. E. Kerey: Facies and tectonic setting of the Upper Carboniferous rocks of Northwestern Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:123-128, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.06 --- E. Demirtaşh: Stratigraphic evidence of Variscan and early Alpine tectonics in Southern Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:129-145, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.07 --- 2. Neoththys --- Levant and North African offshore: Editor’s introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:147-149, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.08 --- M. Delaune-Mayere: Evolution of a Mesozoic passive continental margin: Baër-Bassit (NW Syria) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:151-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.09 --- G. Sestini: Tectonic and sedimentary history of the NE African margin (Egypt—Libya) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:161-175, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.10 --- Gdaliahu Gvirtzman and Tuvia Weissbrod: The Hercynian Geanticline of Helez and the Late Palaeozoic history of the Levant / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:177-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.11 --- Z. Garfunkel and B. Derin: Permian-early Mesozoic tectonism and continental margin formation in Israel and its implications for the history of the Eastern Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:187-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.12 --- Yehezkeel Druckman: Evidence for Early-Middle Triassic faulting and possible rifting from the Helez Deep Borehole in the coastal plain of Israel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:203-212, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.13 --- Abdulkader M. Abed: Emergence of Wadi Mujib (Central Jordan) during Lower Cenomanian time and its regional tectonic implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:213-216, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.14 --- F. Hirsch: The Arabian sub-plate during the Mesozoic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:217-223, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.15 --- Michel Delaloye and Jean-Jacques Wagner: Ophiolites and volcanic activity near the western edge of the Arabian plate / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:225-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.16 --- 3. Neotethys: Turkey --- Editor’s introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:235-240, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.17 --- A. Poisson: The extension of the Ionian trough into southwestern Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:241-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.18 --- A. H. F. Robertson and N. H. Woodcock: The SW segment of the Antalya Complex, Turkey as a Mesozoic-Tertiary Tethyan continental margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:251-271, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.19 --- J. W. F. Waldron: Structural history of the Antalya Complex in the ‘Isparta angle’, Southwest Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:273-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.20 --- A. B. Hayward: Miocene clastic sedimentation related to the emplacement of the Lycian Nappes and the Antalya Complex, S.W. Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:287-300, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.21 --- Hubert Whitechurch, Thierry Juteau, and Raymond Montigny: Role of the Eastern Mediterranean ophiolites (Turkey, Syria, Cyprus) in the history of the Neo-Tethys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:301-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.22 --- Ingrid Reuber: Mylonitic ductile shear zones within tectonites and cumulates as evidence for an oceanic transform fault in the Antalya ophiolite, S.W. Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:319-334, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.23 --- Pınar O. Yılmaz: Fossil and K-Ar data for the age of the Antalya complex, S W Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:335-347, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.24 --- L. E. Ricou, J. Marcoux, and H. Whitechurch: The Mesozoic organization of the Taurides: one or several ocean basins? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:349-359, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.25 --- A. Michard, H. Whitechurch, L. E. Ricou, R. Montigny, and E. Yazgan: Tauric subduction (Malatya-Elazıǧ provinces) and its bearing on tectonics of the Tethyan realm in Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:361-373, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.26 --- G. Aktaş and A. H. F. Robertson: The Maden Complex, SE Turkey: evolution of a Neotethyan active margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:375-402, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.27 --- Cahit Helvaci and William L. Griffin: Rb-Sr geochronology of the Bitlis Massif, Avnik (Bingöl) area, S.E. Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:403-413, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.28 --- Ömer T. Akıncı: The Eastern Pontide volcano-sedimentary belt and associated massive sulphide deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:415-428, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.29 --- A. I. Okay and N. Özgül: HP/LT metamorphism and the structure of the Alanya Massif, Southern Turkey: an allochthonous composite tectonic sheet / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:429-439, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.30 --- Teoman N. Norman: The role of the Ankara Melange in the development of Anatolia (Turkey) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:441-447, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.31 --- Ayla Tankut: Basic and ultrabasic rocks from the Ankara Melange, Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:449-454, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.32 --- A. I. Okay: Distribution and characteristics of the north-west Turkish blueschists / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:455-466, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.33 --- N. Görür, F.Y. Oktay, İ. Seymen, and A. M. C. Şengör: Palaeotectonic evolution of the Tuzgölü basin complex, Central Turkey: sedimentary record of a Neo-Tethyan closure / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:467-482, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.34 --- J. P. Lauer: Geodynamic evolution of Turkey and Cyprus based on palaeomagnetic data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:483-491, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.35 --- 4. Neotethys: Greece and the Balkans --- Editor’s introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:493-498, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.36 --- Robert Hall, M. G. Audley-Charles, and D. J. Carter: The significance of Crete for the evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:499-516, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.37 --- Michel Bonneau: Correlation of the Hellenide nappes in the south-east Aegean and their tectonic reconstruction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17:517-527, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.38 --- M. Okrusch, P. Richter

Note: ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ Введение 3 Глава 1. Природно-климатические условия 1.1. Геология и геоморфология 1.2. Многолетняя мерзлота 1.3. Почвообразующие породы 1.4. Климат 1.5. Поверхностные воды 1.6. Растительность Глава 2. Особенности почвообразования в аласах 2.1. Краткая история исследования почв аласов 2.2. Аласный термокарстовый рельеф 2.3. Влияние аласов на почвообразование 2.4. Аласный тип почвообразования Глава 3. Почвы 3.1. Зональные почвы 3.1.1. Мерзлотные палевые почвы 3.1.2. Мерзлотные палевые осолоделые почвы 3.1 .3. Мерзлотные таежные оподз аленные почвы 3.2. Почвы аласов 3.2.1. Аласные болотные и заболоченные почвы 3.2.2. Аласные луговые почвы 3.2.3. Аласные остепненные почвы Глава 4. Структура почвенного покрова аласов 4.1. Условия дифференциации почвенного покрова аласов 4.2. Структура почвенного покрова различных по рельефу аласов 4.3. Неоднородность почвенного покрова разновозрастных термокарстовых котловин Заключение Список литературы

Note: INTRODUCTION WHY SEM ANALYSIS? FORMAT SAMPLE PREPARATION HOW THE SEM WORKS THE SEM MICROGRAPH ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS BY SEM EDX ANALYSIS OF MINERALS SILICATES Silica Quartz Cristobalite (Opal-CT) Opal (Opal-A) Feldspars Potassium Feldspar Resorbed Potassium Feldspar Plagioclase Feldspar with K-Feldspar Overgrowths Resorbed Plagioclase Feldspar Clays Chlorite Illite Kaolinite Halloysite Smectite Nontronite Hectorite Illite-smectite Corrensite Glauconite Rectorite Palygorskite Vermiculite Zeolites Analcime Chabazite Clinoptilolite Erionite Heulandite Laumontite Mordenite Phillipsite Thomsonite Yugawaralite Micas Biotite Muscovite Phlogopite Amphiboles Hornblende Actinolite Riebeckite Pyroxenes Augite Hypersthene Others Talc Chrysotile Sphene CARBONATES Calcite Dolomite Ferroan Dolomite/Ankerite Siderite Chalk PHOSPHATES Apatite Collophane Florencite HALIDES Halite SULFIDES Pyrite Sphalerite SULFATES Gypsum Anhydrite Copiapite Melanterite Barite OXIDES Hematite and Goethite Rutile Magnetite llmenite MISCELLANEOUS Wood ENERGY TABLE OF CHARACTERISTIC X-RAY TRANSITIONS GLOSSARY REFERENCES

Note: CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE CHAPTER 1 THE CHALLENGE Oil and gas pipelines: early development Pipelines for cold regions Pipelines and the public interest Where does the "North" begin? The freezing of soils Permafrost CHAPTER 2 THE TERRAIN IN COLD REGIONS Patterned ground Solifluction and other soil movements on slopes Ice-wedge polygons, pingoes and palsar Other ice in the ground and thermokarst The climate of the ground CHAPTER 3 A BRIEF HISTORY OF GEOTECHNICAL ACTIVITIES AND ASSOCIATED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE NORTH The passive, or pre-technological approach Post-war Northern development and the geotechnical approach up to 1960 Pressure The scientific approach What happens when soils freeze? Conservation and concern for the natural environment CHAPTER 4 THE TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE The first big pipeline on permafrost Permafrost and earthquakes Terrain conditions and site investigations The pipeline and hydrological conditions Solutions to the problems The completed pipeline CHAPTER 5 THE GAS PIPELINES AND THE FROST HEAVE PROBLEM The Mackenzie Valley pipeline Frost heave and the cold pipeline Origin of the heaving pressure Frost heave and the shut-off pressure Measuring the movement of water through frozen ground A difference of opinion A change of plans CHAPTER 6 THE ALASKA HIGHWAY PIPELINE The approved pipeline Some general problems applying to gas pipelines Creeping soils, rivers, and glacier-dammed lakes The Alaska Highway Pipeline and the frost heave problem Another change of plans CHAPTER 7 MORE PIPELINES, MORE SCIENCE AND MORE POLITICS Russian pipelines The Norman Wells oil pipeline Applied science carried out by a company A pipeline bent in France International science More mega projects CHAPTER 8 FREEZING GROUND, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY Pipelines in cold places: the future A new problem or an old one? A scientific challenge neglected Who is responsible? The unanswered questions Conclusion

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: 15 Jahre Zentralinstitut für Isotopen- und Strahlenforschung der AdW der DDR / K. Wetzel. - Spurenanalyse mittels Ionisationsgasanalyse in der Mikroelektronik / H.-J. Große, P. Popp. - Beiträge der Isotopenforschung im ZfI zum Erkenntnisgewinn in den Geowissenschaften / R. Haberlandt, H. Schütze. - Radioisotopentechnik in der chemischen Industrie / G. Hoffmann. - EDV und moderne Informatik - wesentliche Elemente der Intensivierung des Forschungsprozesses im ZfI / L. Jankowski. - Nukleare Analyseverfahren in der Halbleiterindustrie / H. Koch. - Radionuklide in der Energetik / J. W. Leonhardt. - Ergebnisse der strahlenchemischen Grundlagenforschung und Entwicklungstendenzen der Strahlenchemie / W. Reicherdt. - Gewinnung von Wertmetallen aus Abprodukten / M. Rösseler. - Zur Isotopenproduktion am ZfI / G. Vormum.

Note: Contents: PART 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND. - ANTARCTICA - THE REGION AND ITS GLOBAL IMPORTANCE. - ANTARCTICA - THE SCIENTIFIC OPPORTUNITY AND CHALLENGE. - ANTARCTICA - THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT. - ANTARCTICA - ITS SCIENCE AS A NATIONAL RESOURCE. - ANTARCTICA - SOME IMPORTANT BENEFITS FROM RESEARCH. - PART 2: STRATEGY FOR BAS SCIENCE. - INTRODUCTION. - SCIENCE THEMES. - Pattern and Change in the Physical Environment of Antarctica. - Atmospheric Dynamics in the Antarctic. - Ice and Atmosphere Chemistry. - Dynamics of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. - Evolution of Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic Palaeoenvironments. - Southern Ocean Palaeo-Oceanography and Palaeoclimate. - Geological Evolution of West Antarctica. - West Antarctic Crustal Development and Plate Tectonic Evolution. - Subduction-related Processes. - Dynamics of Antarctic Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems. - Survival Strategies. - Ecosystems and Conservation. - Structure and Dynamics of the Southern Ocean Ecosystem. - Pelagic Ecosystem Studies. - Higher Predators. - Ecological and Physiological Adaptations. - Physics of Solar Terrestrial Phenomena from Antarctica. - Radio Wave Generation and Propagation. - Energy Flow and Dissipation within Geospace. - Humans In Isolated Polar Communities. - Antarctic Geographic Information and Mapping. - LOGISTICS REQUIREMENTS. - TIMEFRAME OF ACTIVITIES. - PART 3: STRATEGY FOR NERC SCIENCE PROGRAMMES OTHER THAN BAS. - INTRODUCTION. - NERC STRATEGY FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. - Earth Sciences. - Marine Sciences. - Terrestrial and Freshwater Sciences. - Atmospheric Sciences. - THE ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITIES AND POLYTECHNICS AND THE ANTARCTIC SPECIAL TOPIC. - LOGISTICS. - PRIVATE SECTOR/INDUSTRIAL COLLABORATION. - PART 4: CONCLUSION.

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Scope of study Literature review Introduction Incipient formation of frazil ice Particle size and evolution of frazil ice Influences of turbulence and water temperature on the rate of frazil ice formation Conclusions Analytical model Introduction Elements of heat transfer Elements of turbulence Experimentation Experimental apparatus Experimental procedure Results Introduction Nucleation of frazil ice Influences of turbulence on frazil ice formation Water temperature Influences of water temperature and turbulence on the concentration of frazil ice Frazil ice particle shape and size Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Preliminary frazil ice experiments Flume experiments Couette-flow Appendix B: Listing of computer program for calculation of frazil ice formation Appendix C: Water temperature rise attributable to frazil ice formation as computed usingthe analytical model .

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature General background The problem Method of solution Results and discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Evaluation of rn's in equation 25

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Taxonomic terms Appendix B: Differences in species composition and abundance in duplicate samples examined under optical and inverted light microscopes Appendix C: Morphologic descriptions and SEM micrographs

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Blue-ice areas Blue-ice areas as airfield sites The formation of blue-ice areas Ablation rates at blue-ice areas Exploratory surveys at blue-ice areas Mount Howe Mill Glacier / Plunket Point Patriot Hills Rosser Ridge Mount Lechner The S-1 site near Casey station The McMurdo "Pegasus Site" Surface roughness of blue ice Analysis and characterization of surface roughness Surface preparation to reduce ice roughness Ground facilities Ground transport Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited and selected references Appendix A: Survey data for Patriot Hills, Mount Howe and Mill Glacier Appendix B: Analysis of surface roughness at blue-ice sites Appendix C: Meteorological conditions to be expected in summer in the Trans-antarctic Mountains

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: Diplomarbeit, Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 1989

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Подземные льды в склоновш отложениях тянь-Шаня и Памира / Ермолин Е. Д. Состав и криогенное строение склонов в долине Адычи / Любомиров А.С. Инженерно-геокриологическое районирование зоны AЯM в пределах Алданского плоскогорья / Дорофеев И.В., Шац М.М., Сериков С.И. Мерзлотно-геотермическая характеристика месторождения Кумтор / Ермолин Е.Д., Немов А.Е., Попов М.В. Перелетки Казахского мелкосопочника / Горбунов А.П. Криоструктурный рельеф перигляциальной зоны Заилийского Алатау / Ухналев В.А. Туфуры как индикатор инженерно-геокриологических условий высокогорья Тянь-Шаня / Чаус А.С. Процессы и явления, сопутствующие наледообразованию на Северном Урале / Оберман Н.Г. Криофациальные особенности курумов Северного Забайкалья / Романовский Н.Н., Тюрин А.И., Сергеев Д.О. Фации каменных глетчеров / Титков С.Н. Ландшафты каменных глетчеров Северного Тянь-Шаня / Северски Э.В. Запасы льда и основные черты современного оледенения Тянь-Шаня / Вилесов Е.Н., Белова И.В. Геохимия ледников массива Ак-Шыйрак / Макаров В.Н., Федосеев Н.Ф. Динамика склоновых образований и криогенное строение сезонно-талого слоя в горах Восточной Якутии / Васильев И.С. Влияние экспозиции склонов на распределение снежного покрова в горах / Северский С.И. , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort zur 16. Auflage Aus dem Vorwort zur 13. Auflage Aus dem Vorwort zur 9. Auflage Verzeichnis oft gebrauchter Abkürzungen und Fachausdrücke Systematische Übersicht Tierstämme (M. Schaefer) Stamm: Protozoa, Urtiere (M. Schaefer) Stamm: Porifera, Schwämme (W. Tischler) Stamm: Coelenterata, Hohltiere (W. Tischler) Stamm: Tentaculata, Kranzfüßler (M. Schaefer) Stämme: Scolecida, Niedere Würmer (M. Schaefer) Stamm: Mollusca, Weichtiere (W. Tischler) Stamm: Annelida, Ringelwürmer (M. Schaefer) Stamm: Tardigrada, Bärtierchen (W. Tischler) Stamm: Pentastomida, Zungenwürmer (W. Tischler) Stamm: Arthropoda, Gliederfüßer (Übersicht: M. Schaefer) I. Chelicerata, Spinnentiere (M. Schaefer) II. Crustacea, Krebse (M. Schaefer) III. Tracheata, Tausendfüßer und Insekten . 1. Klasse: Myriopoda, Tausendfüßer (W. Tischler) 2. Klasse: Insecta, Insekten (Ordnungen: W. Tischler) 1.-4. Ord.: Apterygota, Urinsekten (B. Hauser) 5. Ord.: Ephemeroptera, Eintagsfliegen (W. Tischler) 6. Ord.: Odonata, Libellen (E. Schmidt) 7. Ord.: PIecoptera, Steinfliegen (W. Tischler) 8.-11. Ord.: Orthopteria, Geradflügler (K. Harz) 12.-14. Ord.: Psocopteria, Rindenläuse, Tierläuse (W. Tischler) 15. Ord.: Thysanoptera, Fransenflügler (W: Tischler) 16. Ord.: Rhynchota, Schnabelkerfe (W. Tischler excl. Aphidina; K. Heinze: Aphidina) 17. Ord.: Coleoptera, Käfer (W. Tischler) 18. Ord.: Strepsiptera, Fächerflügler (W. Tischler) 19.-21. Ord.: Neuropteria, Netzflügler (W. Tischler) 22. Ord.: Hymenoptera, Hautflügler (M. Schaefer) 23. Ord.: Mecoptera, Schnabelfliegen (W. Tischler) 24. Ord.: Siphonaptera, Flöhe (M. Schaefer) 25. Ord.: Diptera, Zweiflügler (F. Sick) 26. Ord.: Trichoptera, Köcherfliegen (F. Sick) 27. Ord.: Lepidoptera, Schmetterlinge (K. Sattler) Stamm: Echinodermata, Stachelhäuter (W. Tischler) Stamm: Tunicata, Manteltiere (W. Tischler) Stamm: Acrania, Schädellose (R. Kändler) Stamm: Vertebrata, Wirbeltiere 1. Klasse: Pisces, Fische (R. Kändler: Meeresfische; A. Pape: Süßwasserfische) 2. Klasse: Amphibia, Lurche (M. Schaefer) 3. Klasse: Reptilia, Kriechtiere (M. Schaefer) 4. Klasse: Aves, Vögel (A. Kleinschmidt) 5. Klasse: Mammalia, Säugetiere (H. Bohlken u. H. Reichstein) Register , Deutsch

Note: Contents 1 Noctilucent Clouds 1.1 Introduction 1.2 How, When and Where Noctilucent Clouds Are Seen 1.3 Amateur Observations 1.4 Cloud Types 1.5 Structure of the Upper Atmosphere 2 History 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Discovery of the "Shining Night-Clouds" 2.3 Measurements of Noctilucent Clouds 2.4 The Middle Period of Noctilucent Cloud Research 3 Observations from Ground Level 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Geometry of Twilight Scattering 3.3 Latitude of Observation 3.4 Absorption of Light in the Atmosphere 3.5 Height of Noctilucent Clouds 3.6 Drift Motions 3.7 Wave Structure 4 Spectrophotometry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Spectroscopic Observations 4.3 Spectrophotometry from Ground Level 4.4 Rocket-Borne Photometers 4.5 Spectrophotometry from Satellites 4.6 Conclusions About Cloud Particle Sizes 5 Polarimetry 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Polarization by Scattering 5.3 Measurement of Polarized Light 5.4 Polarization Measured from Ground Level 5.5 Measurements of Polarization from Rockets 5.6 Conclusions About Cloud Particle Sizes 6 Rocket-Borne Sampling 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Flights over Sweden in 1962 and 1967 6.3 Flights over Sweden in 1970 and 1971 6.4 Flights over Canada in 1968 and 1970 6.5 Collectors Flown by Max-Planck-Institut Researchers, 1968 to 1971 6.6 Conclusions About Cloud Particle Sizes 7 Variation of Occurrence 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Sunspot Cycle 7.3 Seasonal Frequency of Noctilucent Clouds 7.4 Climatology of the Mesosphere 8 Other Observations 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Association with Hydroxyl Airglow Emission 8.3 Association with Aurora and Planetary Magnetic Activity 8.4 Lunar Effects 8.5 Lidar Observations 8.6 Artificial Noctilucent Clouds 8.7 Abnormal Observations 9 Environment of Noctilucent Clouds 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Atmospheric in Temperature 9.3 D-Region 9.4 Dust 9.5 Water Vapour in the Mesosphere 9.6 Radiation 9.7 Rates of Growth 9.8 Nucleation of Ice 9.9 Settling of Particles 9.10 Modelling Noctilucent Clouds by Numerical Simulation 10 The Nature of Noctilucent Clouds 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Formation in Noctilucent Clouds 10.3 Growth of Noctilucent Cloud Particle 10.4 Evaporation of Noctilucent Cloud Particles 10.5 The Relationship Between Polar Mesospheric Clouds and Noctilucent Clouds 10.6 Summary 11 Bibliography A) Before 1900 B) 1900-1950 C) Bibliography since 1950 Appendix 1: Atmospheric Refraction . Appendix 2: Atmospheric Transmission Along Grazing Pays Subject Index Name Index

Note: J.S. Daly, R.A. Cliff, and B.W.D. Yardley: Preface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.01 --- E. J. Essene: The current status of thermobarometry in metamorphic rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:1-44, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.02 --- L. Ya. Aranovich and K. K. Podlesskii: Geothermobarometry of high-grade metapelites: simultaneously operating reactions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:45-61, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.03 --- Frank S. Spear: Relative thermobarometry and metamorphic P-T, paths / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:63-81, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.04 --- R. H. Vernon: Porphyroblast-matrix microstructural relationships: recent approaches and problems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:83-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.05 --- John Ridley: Vertical movement in orogenic belts and the timing of metamorphism relative to deformation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:103-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.06 --- R. A. Jamieson and C. Beaumont: Deformation and metamorphism in convergent orogens: a model for uplift and exhumation of metamorphic terrains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:117-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.07 --- Peter K. Zeitler: The geochronology of metamorphic processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:131-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.08 --- James J. Irwin, Charles Kirschbaum, Tek. H. Lim, Derek Powell, and William E. Glassley: A laser-microprobe study of argon isotopes in deformed pegmatites from the Northern Highlands of Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:149-160, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.09 --- A. Reuter and R. D. Dallmeyer: K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of cleavage formed during very low-grade metamorphism: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:161-171, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.10 --- Hanan J. Kisch: Discordant relationship between degree of very low-grade metamorphism and the development of slaty cleavage / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:173-185, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.11 --- J. J. De Yoreo, D. R. Lux, and C. V. Guidotti: The role of crustal anatexis and magma migration in the thermal evolution of regions of thickened continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:187-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.12 --- C. P. Chamberlain and Douglas Rumble III: The influence of fluids on the thermal history of a metamorphic terrain: New Hampshire, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:203-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.13 --- Howard W. Day and C. Page Chamberlain: Implications of thermal and baric structure for controls on metamorphism: northern New England, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:215-222, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.14 --- L. Aguirre, B. Levi, and J. O. Nyström: The link between metamorphism, volcanism and geotectonic setting during the evolution of the Andes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:223-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.15 --- T. M. Gordon: Thermal evolution of the Kisseynew sedimentary gneiss belt, Manitoba: metamorphism at an early Proterozoic accretionary margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:233-243, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.16 --- Peter H. Thompson: An empirical model for metamorphic evolution of the Archaean Slave Province and adjacent Thelon Tectonic Zone, north-western Canadian Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:245-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.17 --- Amalbikash Mukherjee: P-T-time history and thermal modelling of an anorthosite-granulite interface, Eastern Ghats metamorphic belt, India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:265-274, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.18 --- Leonid L. Perchuk: P-T-fluid regimes of metamorphism and related magmatism with specific reference to the granulite-facies Sharyzhalgay complex of Lake Baikal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:275-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.19 --- D. Ackermand, B. F. Windley, and A. Razafiniparany: The Precambrian mobile belt of southern Madagascar / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:293-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.20 --- I. Cartwright and A. C. Barnicoat: Evolution of the Scourian complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:297-301, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.21 --- M. A. H. Maboko, I. McDougall, and P. K. Zeitler: Metamorphic P-T path of granulites in the Musgrave Ranges, central Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:303-307, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.22 --- Eileen McLellan, Daniel Linder, and Jenny Thomas: Multiple granulite-facies events in the southern Appalachians, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:309-314, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.23 --- James M. McLelland: Pre-granulite-facies metamorphism in the Adirondack Mountains, New York / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:315-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.24 --- F. Mengel and T. Rivers: Thermotectonic evolution of proterozoic and reworked Archaean terranes along the Nain-Churchill boundary in the Saglek Area, northern Labrador / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:319-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.25 --- Motoyoshi Yoichi, Satoshi Matsubara, and Hiroharu Matsueda: P-T evolution of the granulite-facies rocks of the Lützow-Holm Bay region, East Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:325-329, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.26 --- H. R. Rollinson: Garnet—orthopyroxene thermobarometry of granulites from the north marginal zone of the Limpopo belt, Zimbabwe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:331-335, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.27 --- Volker Schenk: P-T-t path of the lower crust in The Hercynian fold belt of southern Calabria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:337-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.28 --- Daniel Vielzeuf and Christian Pin: Geodynamic implications of granulitic rocks in the Hercynian belt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:343-348, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.29 --- R. G. Warren and B. J. Hensen: The P-T evolution of the Proterozoic Arunta Block, central Australia, and Implications for tectonic evolution / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:349-355, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.30 --- D. J. Waters: Metamorphic evidence for the heating and cooling path of Namaqualand granulites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:357-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.31 --- I. S. Buick and T. J. B. Holland: The P-T-t path associated with crustal extension, Naxos, Cyclades, Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:365-369, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.32 --- M. Franceschelli, I. Memmi, F. Pannuti, and C. A. Ricci: Diachronous metamorphic equilibria in the Hercynian basement of northern Sardinia, Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:371-375, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.33 --- P. K. Verma: The Himalayan metamorphism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:377-383, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.34 --- A. J. Barker and M. W. Anderson: The Caledonian structural—metamorphic evolution of south Troms, Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:385-390, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.35 --- Kevin W. Burton, Alan P. Boyle, Wendy L. Kirk, and Roger Mason: Pressure, temperature and structural evolution of the Sulitjelma fold-nappe, central Scandinavian Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:391-411, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.36 --- A. H. N. Rice, R.

Note: Berlin, Akad. der Wiss., Diss. A, 1989