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  • taxonomy
  • Springer  (74)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (74)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1994  (37)
  • 1991  (37)
  • 1941
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (74)
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chrysophyte stomatocyst taxonomy — classification of snowflakes? (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 6 (1991), S. 257-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: Chrysophyceae ; stomatocysts ; biogenic silica deposition ; polymer gels ; surface pattern ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The utility of classifying chrysophyte stomatocysts by their characteristic honeycomb and ridge patterns is questioned, because a strikingly similar expanding pattern appears on the surface of ionized polymer gels during osmotical swelling as a result of simple physical forces. The rapid accumulation of silicate into a spherical cyst inside a chrysophyte cell appears to be as a physical process sufficiently similar to result in an analogous pattern in microscopic scale. Chrysophyte stomatocysts that possess honeycomb or ridge patterns could be regarded as ‘frozen moments’ of the pattern evolution during the silicate gel phase. As a consequence, such structures should have little taxonomical value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233074
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synonymy of the yeast generaWingea andDebaryomyces (1994)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 66 (1994), S. 337-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Debaryomyces ; phylogeny ; ribosomal RNA ; taxonomy ; Wingea ; yeasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Extent of divergence in partial nucleotide sequences from large and small subunit ribosomal RNAs was used to estimate the evolutionary relationship between the generaWingea andDebaryomyces. These data showed the monotypic genusWingea to be congeneric withDebaryomyces, and it is proposed to transferW. robertsii toDebaryomyces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882770
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thaumatomyrmex strips millipedes for prey: a novel predatory behaviour in ants, and the first case of sympatry in the genus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1991)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 38 (1991), S. 335-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Thaumatomyrmex ; taxonomy ; comparative morphology ; predation ; Polyxenidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We describe, for the first time, the predatory behaviour ofThaumatomyrmex ants on millipedes of the family Polyxenidae, based on field observations ofT. atrox and a field and laboratory study ofT. contumax. The capture of the prey and the removal process of its body-covering setae by the ants before they eat the millipede are described. This specialized behaviour in at least two species of the genus, belonging to two distinct groups of species, indicates a general trend inThaumatomyrmex. We coupled this study with a comparative morphological analysis of the mouthparts and digestive tube of these and otherThaumatomyrmex species. Also, we report the first case of sympatry in the genus, which suggests thatThaumatomyrmex includes several species, and not only one highly variable taxon, as hypothetized earlier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01241869
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic influences in microbial hydroxylation of terpenoids (1994)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 10 (1994), S. 88-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Intelligent screening ; microbial hydroxylation ; multivariate analyses ; taxonomy ; terpenoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Forty strains of bacteria and 60 of fungi were screened with globulol, 1,8-cineol and cedrol and the strains compared, on the basis of the resulting products, using multivariate analyses. The taxonomic position of the strains is mirrored in their biotransformation capability. Fungi and bacteria, fungal phyla, and Gram-positive and-negative bacteria could all be distinguished in a discriminant analysis using 12 substrates. Hierarchical clustering yielded five groups of strains with distinct biotransformation activity. Such clustering will allow a more efficient screening than before.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357570
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three species of rust fungi (Uredinales) from Okinawa, Japan (1994)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 35 (1994), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: rust fungus ; taxonomy ; Puccinia tarennicola ; Uredinales ; Uredo daphniphylli ; Uredo pipturi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three species of rust fungi were reported based on the specimens collected in the islands of the Yaeyama group and Okinawa, Japan.Puccinia tarennicola onTarenna gracilipes andUredo daphniphylli onDaphniphyllum teijsmannii were described as new species.Villebrunea frutescens was added to the host plants ofUredo pipturi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02318488
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Pollen diameter and fertility in nine species ofPuccinellia (Poaceae) (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 191 (1994), S. 161-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Poaceae ; Puccinellia ; Pollen maximum diameter ; pollen fertility ; taxonomy ; Flora of the Iberian Peninsula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Diameter and fertility of pollen grains were surveyed in nine species ofPuccinellia Parl. (Poaceae), mainly from the Iberian Peninsula, allowing information about reproductive behaviour and biological characteristics of pollen of these taxa. Maximum diameter was measured with an image processor and fertility was evaluated by staining the grains with Müntzing's mixture. Significant differences in both characters were found between the taxa. In consequence, maximum diameter and fertility proved to have some taxonomic relevance inPuccinellia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984662
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isoenzyme evidence on the systematics ofHordeum sectionMarina (Poaceae) (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 191 (1994), S. 213-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Poaceae ; Hordeum ; Isoenzymes ; taxonomy ; phylogenetic species ; sibling species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Morphological differentiation of diploid accessions ofHordeum marinum Huds. s.l. into two varieties, var.marinum and var.fouilladei (Rouy)Nevski is associated with isoenzyme differentiation. The tetraploid form ofH. marinum s.l. exhibited fixed heterozygosity of several heterozymes with one homoeozyme shared with var.fouilladei and the second homoeozyme not found in the two diploids. It also differed from both diploids in the mobility of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. All three taxa differed in morphs of EST-A. It is concluded that the tetraploid is an allopolyploid with one genome closely related to the diploid var.fouilladei and with the second genome divergent from those of both diploids by genes for unique morphs of eight homoeozymes. On the basis of the isoenzyme data, three phylogenetic sibling species—H. marinum Huds. s.str. (2x),H. geniculatum All. s.str. (= var.fouilladei, 2x), andH. caudatum Jaaska, spec. nova (4x), are proposed within theH. marinum s.l. complex and a key is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984666
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Chemical variation in two species of theLecanora subfusca group (Lecanoraceae, lichenizedAscomycotina) (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 191 (1994), S. 227-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Lichenized fungi ; Lecanoraceae ; Lecanora epibryon ; L. subimmersa ; Chemotaxonomy ; biogeography ; taxonomy ; xanthones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chemical variation inLecanora epibryon andL. subimmersa, two species of theL. subfusca group, has been examined. In both species the chemical differences are correlated with geographical distribution, but not with morphological differences. As a consequence the chemotypes are recognized at subspecific level. InL. epibryon three chemical races are segregated according to the various chemosyndromes present. Subspeciesepibryon, containing atranorin and triterpenoids, occurs in the northern hemisphere and South America, while the other two subspecies occur only in the southern hemisphere. The subsp.broccha (Nyl.)Lumbsch, comb. nova, contains atranorin, the stictic acid and the 2,5,7-trichloro-3-O-methylnorlichexanthone chemosyndromes, while subsp.xanthophora Lumbsch, subsp. nova, is similar but lacks the stictic acid chemosyndrome. Two chemical races occur in the pantropical speciesL. subimmersa. While subsp.subimmersa contains atranorin and zeorin, subsp.ramboldii Lumbsch & Elix, subsp. nova, contains an additional ten chlorinated xanthones.L. impressa is reduced to synonymy toL. subimmersa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984667
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    The genusIschnea (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) in New Guinea (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 191 (1994), S. 247-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Asteraceae ; Senecioneae ; Blennospermatinae ; Ischnea ; Revision ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The endemic New Guinean genusIschnea F. Muell. (Asteraceae, Senecioneae, Blennospermatinae) is revised and four species are recognized. Characters of special interest are tubeless ray florets, male disc florets, and secretory spaces in leaves. A principal component analysis is made on theIschnea elachoglossa F. Muell. complex which shows great variation. One new species,I. capellana Swenson, from the Star Mountains, is described. A key, illustrations, and distribution maps to all species are supplied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984669
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Phylogenetic relationships of theJuglandaceae (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 192 (1994), S. 11-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Hamamelidae ; Juglandaceae ; rbcL ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cladistic analysis of molecular data from the chloroplast generbcL was used to examine the taxonomic relationships of the walnut family (Juglandaceae). In addition, chemical and morphological data from a previous study byHufford (1992) were incorporated, expanded, and analyzed independently and in combination with the molecular data. The results of these analyses suggest that theJuglandaceae are more closely related to theFagaceae, Betulaceae, Casuarinaceae, andUrticaceae and their relatives (sensuCronquist 1981) than they are to theAnacardiaceae (sensuThorne 1983). However, sequence data fromrbcL also suggest a relationship between the higherHamamelidae and certain families in theRosidae sensuCronquist 1981 (such asRosaceae andRhamnaceae), an outcome which would add credence to the widely accepted view of the polyphyletic nature of theHamamelidae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985904
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  • 11
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    Chemistry and micromorphology of compound epicuticular wax crystalloids (Strelitzia type) (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 193 (1994), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Strelitzia ; Heliconia ; Typha ; Benincasa ; Epicuticular wax ; wax ultrastructure ; wax chemistry ; systematics ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Certain non-liliiflorous taxa within the monocotyledons (e.g.,Strelitzia, Heliconia, Typha) are characterized by compound epicuticular wax rodlets (Strelitzia type). Similar rodlets are also encountered on the surface of the dicotyledonous plantBenincasa hispida (Thunb.)Cogn. Chemical analysis of the surface wax from both sources showed that the rodlets are chemically distinct. The rodlets of the monocotyledons consist exclusively of aliphatic wax lipids, mainly wax esters. In contrast, the rodlets ofBenincasa are cheifly composed of triterpenol acetates and triterpenols. Formation of rodlets is therefore interpreted as ultrastructural convergency. It is concluded that taxonomical studies on wax crystalloids can be misleading when interpreted in terms of micromorphology of crystalloids only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00983545
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Gynoecium and perianth inZanthoxylum s.l. (Rutaceae) (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 189 (1994), S. 165-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Rutaceae ; Zanthoxylum ; Fagara ; Flower morphology ; perianth ; gynoecium ; acrostylous and anacrostylous-basistylous carpels ; compitum ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The question whether the uniseriate perianth ofZanthoxylum L. s. str. is homologous with the calyx or the corolla of taxa included inFagara, or of an independent origin, has been controversial for a long time, but the arguments mostly have remained theoretical. The present investigation of floral structures indicates that there are two different types of uniseriate perianth inZanthoxylum s. str. Therefore, this taxon does not represent a natural group and should be united withFagara asZanthoxylum s.l. The infrageneric taxonomy of this genus is still very ambiguous. It is shown that differences in indumentum, number of sepals and petals (5-4-3) resp. perianth segments (4–9), stamens (3–6), and free carpels (1–5) are of systematic relevance. Particularly important but so far neglected is carpel shape, where an acrostylous and an anacrostylous-basistylous type can be recognized. Stigmata of 2 or more carpels mostly fuse to form a compitum. 4–5-merous flowers with calyx and corolla, and acrostylous carpels are considered as plesiomorphic character states in the genus. On the basis of ± corresponding morphological and phytochemical progressions a working hypothesis about the relationships withinZanthoxylum s.l. is presented in graphical form (Fig. 9).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00939724
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  • 13
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    Allozymic and morphological relationships amongAndrocymbium gramineum, A. europaeum, andA. psammophilum (Colchicaceae) (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 191 (1994), S. 111-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Colchicaceae ; Androcymbium ; Allozymes ; evolution ; taxonomy ; genetic conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Levels of allozymic and morphological diversity amongAndrocymbium gramineum, A. europaeum, andA. psammophilum have been assessed using data on 17 allozyme loci and 18 morphological characters. No apparent pattern of geographic or ecological variation was found. Our results also suggest thatA. gramineum andA. europaeum should be considered members of a single species and that the insular speciesA. psammophilum can no longer be thought of as the result of a founder effect fromA. gramineum. Intrapopulational variability was greater than inter-populational variability at both levels studied, which is of strategic interest for the “ex-situ” conservation of these threatened endemic species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985346
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  • 14
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    Terpsinoe musica Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae, centrales), with emphasis on protoplast and cell division (1994)
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 28 (1994), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Keywords: taxonomy ; morphology ; morphogenesis ; Terpsinoe musica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of intact cells ofTerpsinoe musica Ehrenberg and aspects of their morphogenesis have not been described before. Cells attach by apical mucus pads to form long bands; the chloroplast consists of numerous small granules. Formation of the new valvae on cell division starts from a central primary silicification site immediately adjacent to the postmitotic nuclei. The septa mentioned in reference works are erroneous interpretations of freely suspended transverse bars, formed at a later moment than the valvae. The absence of septa, and the presence of a labiate process said to be absent in Terpsinoe americana (Bailey) Ralfs, indicate the necessity of a taxonomic revision of the genus. The features said to distinguishTerpsinoe intermedia Grunow are unstable and cannot be regarded to define a separate entity. No evidence has been found for the euryhaline, brackish and even marine ecology mentioned in the literature forTerpsinoe musica, which typically lives in hardwater springs of (sub)tropical regions. The studies were made on populations collected alive at an interval of over half a century, from the same location.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02334246
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  • 15
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    Representations of the Natural System in the Nineteenth century (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and philosophy 6 (1991), S. 255-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8404
    Keywords: Classification ; diagrams ; evolution ; history ; natural history ; natural system ; ornithology ; phylogeny ; representation ; systematics ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract ‘The Natural System’ is the abstract notion of the order in living diversity. The richness and complexity of this notion is revealed by the diversity of representations of the Natural System drawn by ornithologists in the Nineteenth Century. These representations varied in overall form from stars, to circles, to maps, to evolutionary trees and cross-sections through trees. They differed in their depiction of affinity, analogy, continuity, directionality, symmetry, reticulation and branching, evolution, and morphological convergence and divergence. Some representations were two-dimensional, and some were three-dimensional; n-dimensional representations were discussed but never illustrated. The study of diagrammatic representations of the Natural System is made difficult by the frequent failure of authors to discuss them in their texts, and by the consequent problem of distinguishing features which carried meaning from arbitrary features and printing conventions which did not. Many of the systematics controversies of the last thirty years have their roots in the conceptual problems which surrounded the Natural System in the late 1800s, problems which were left unresolved when interest in higher-level systematics declined at the turn of this century.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02426840
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  • 16
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    Ustilaginales of Commelinaceae (1994)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 35 (1994), S. 353-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: taxonomy ; Ustilaginales of Commelinaceae ; Ustilago combensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The seven reported smut fungi on Commelinaceae are revised. Of these, five are recognised and described:Ustilago aneilematis, U. burkillii, U. commelinae, U. nawaschinii andU. tinantiae. Entyloma commelinae is considered to be a doubtful species andU. rwandensis is a synonym ofU. aneilematis. A new species,Ustilago combensis (type onCommelina benghalensis) is proposed. A key to thesee species is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268505
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  • 17
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    Neptune: A marine micropaleontology database (1994)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 26 (1994), S. 817-832 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: micropaleontology ; Neogene ; chronology ; taxonomy ; DSDP ; ODP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Marine micropaleontology must in the future provide more precise chronologic and paleoenvironmental information, which in turn must be based on better, more consistent taxonomic and distributional data. Better tools for synthesis and standardization of this data are needed, as the ever expanding published literature is rapidly becoming unmanageable by purely manual compilation methods. The micropaleontology group at the ETH has developed a large relational database of marine microfossil data to partially meet this need. It currently contains biogeographic data on the distribution in Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) holes of nearly 8,000 species of Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera, radiolaria, diatoms and calcareous nannofossils. The database also includes full stratigraphic occurrence (range chart) data for these fossil groups from more than 100 selected Neogene holes. A particular feature of the database is that all sample information and species names in the original reports are linked to newly created, updatable, comprehensive age models and synonymy lists which reflect modern chronology and taxonomic usage. Searches of the database automatically make use of this information in producing reports. Species ' occurrences, including first and last occurrence information, can be further analyzed using external spreadsheet and statistics packages; plotted by mapping programs; or displayed by a new program which creates composite age-range charts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02083119
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  • 18
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    Nutlet sculpturing of selectedTeucrium species (Lamiaceae): A character of taxonomic significance (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 192 (1994), S. 199-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Lamiaceae ; Teucrium ; SEM ; nutlet sculpturing ; oil glands ; trichomes ; micromorphology ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nutlet sculpturing of 23Teucrium species belonging to six sections was studied. The nutlets of analysed species were characterized by the presence of the oil glands of various density. SectionTeucrium is well defined by very densely distributed trichomes and oil glands on nutlets. Trichomes on nutlets were absent in all other species, except inT. marum from sect.Chamaedrys. Sect.Polium is a homogeneous group, distinguished from the other sections. There are some similarities of this sect. with sect.Scordium. Species of sect.Chamaedrys are heterogeneous and overlap according to the surface sculpturing characters with the other sections. The significance of nutlet microcharacters as additional taxonomical markers in the infrageneric classification of the genusTeucrium is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986252
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  • 19
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    Biostatistical studies on western EuropeanDactylorhiza (Orchidaceae)—theD. maculata group (1991)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 175 (1991), S. 55-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Orchidaceae ; Dactylorhiza ; D. maculata ; D. fuchsii ; D. saccifera ; D. caramulensis ; Biostatistics ; multivariate analysis ; taxonomy ; morphology ; Flora of Western-Europe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Multivariate analysis tools are exploited on a data set composed of quantitative characteristics collected on 35 populations of plants of theDactylorhiza maculata (L.)Soó group from Western-Europe. These samples lead to four well-defined clusters; this, together with qualitative, cytological and ecological arguments, allows for the recognition of four specific entities:D. maculata s.str.,D. fuchsii (Druce)Soó,D. saccifera (Brongn.)Soó andD. caramulensis (Vermeulen)Tyteca. It is concluded that the floral characters play an essential role in the taxonomical distinction. It also appears that the set of characters measured, as well as the methods exploited, are especially well-suited and valuable tools for the morphological study of the genusDactylorhiza.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00942145
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  • 20
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    The morphology, taxonomy and evolution ofRhodocoma (Restionaceae) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 175 (1991), S. 139-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Restionaceae ; Rhodocoma ; Speciation ; phylogeny ; culm anatomy ; rhizome anatomy ; morphology ; taxonomy ; Flora of Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The vegetative and reproductive morphology, culm and rhizome anatomy and seed surface micromorphology ofRhodocoma are described. It is shown that this variation is best contained by recognizing three new species in the genus. These new taxa are described, and the phylogeny of the genus is investigated by cladistic analysis. The environmental parameters and distributions of the species are related to the cladogram. This suggests that the species are at present ecologically separated, and indicates that the speciation may have been sympatric. This is the first support for the hypothesis that sympatric speciation may have been important in the speciose Cape flora.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937843
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  • 21
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    Variation patterns in a leaf beet (Beta vulgaris, Chenopodiaceae) germplasm collection (1991)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 176 (1991), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Chenopodiaceae ; Beta bulgaris L ; Germplasm collections ; taxonomy ; single linkage cluster analysis ; principal component analysis ; variation patterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of the variation pattern in leaf beets. 42 biennial samples from a total of 74 entries were described by 17 characters. A group of presumably less selected leaf beets (group A) with narrow petioles was separated from more advanced cultivars by single linkage cluster (SLCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). SLCA sorted the more advanced cultivars into two groups (B and C) based on a simply inherited trait, the leaf colour. These two groups could virtually not be discerned by PCA. Group A contained germplasm similar to provar.vulgaris sensuHelm whereas accessions within group B and C did not easily fit into provar.flavescens. It seems that classical taxonomy does not predict the features of leaf beets precisely enough. It is suggested that this problem can be solved by replacing classical taxonomy in the case of leaf beets by a descriptive database.
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    Taxonomy and phylogeny of the tribeInuleae (Asteraceae) (1991)
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    Plant systematics and evolution 176 (1991), S. 75-123 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Inuleae s. str. ; Cladistics ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The interrelationships of the tribeInuleae s. str. have been analysed with a computerized parsimony program (Hennig 86), using theArctotideae as functional outgroup. The results are illustrated with a cladogram and a strict consensus tree. A detailed character discussion is presented. Descriptions of all genera are supplied with brief notes on distribution, references to chemical investigations, and chromosome numbers. Lists of recognized species are also presented in connection to each genus, respectively. 21 new combinations are made, one new genus,Xerolekia A. Anderb., is described,Mollera is reduced to a synonym ofCalostephane, and the genusDuhaldea is resuscitated.Anisopappus was found to be a paraphyletic basal group in the tribe. The paleate generaAsteriscus, Nauplius, Ighermia, Buphthalmum, andXerolekia form one monophyletic group,Inula and other, similar genera were found to constitute the ancestral complex of thePulicaria group.
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    Taxonomy and phylogeny of the tribePlucheeae (Asteraceae) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 176 (1991), S. 145-177 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Plucheeae ; Cladistics ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The tribePlucheeae (Benth.)A. Anderb., has been analysed cladistically by means of a computerized parsimony program (Hennig 86), using theArctotideae as outgroup. The results of the analysis are presented in a consensus tree and one cladogram. Four major monophyletic subgroups can be recognized: TheColeocoma group (3 genera), thePterocaulon group (3 genera), theLaggera group (6 genera), and thePluchea group (12 genera). All recognized genera are described and most genera are supplied with taxonomical notes including comments on their taxonomic status. Genera such asBlumea, Pluchea, andEpaltes are demonstrated to be unnatural assemblages.Monarrhenus andTessaria are both closely related to thePluchea complex. The old generic nameLitogyne Harv. has been taken up for one species ofEpaltes, the genusRhodogeron is reduced to a synonym ofSachsia, and the following new combinations are made;Litogyne gariepina (DC.)A. Anderb., andSachsia coronopifolia (Griseb.)A. Anderb.
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    A taxonomic analysis of seed proteins inPinus spp.(Pinaceae) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 178 (1991), S. 43-53 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Gymnosperms ; Pinaceae ; Pinus ; Seed proteins ; SDS-PAGE ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seed storage proteins have proved to be a powerful biochemical marker for taxonomic research, but they have not been extensively employed in forest tree studies. In order to improve the understanding of the taxonomy of the genusPinus, total seed proteins of 12 pine species have been analyzed by means of SDS-PAGE (Sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The results showed the presence, in the genusPinus, of two main sub-taxa, corresponding to the subgeneraHaploxylon andDiploxylon. Differences and affinities between Mediterranean pine species were found in agreement with classification ofKlaus (1989).
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    Chloroplast DNA analysis of eggplant (Solanum melongena) and related species for their taxonomic affinity (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 55 (1991), S. 21-26 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Eggplant ; non-tuberous Solanum ; chloroplast DNA ; taxonomy ; species relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Total chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) from Solanum incanum, a wild relative of eggplant, was used to probe total DNA of Solanum melongena (eggplant). The DNA fragments detected were the same as observed using purified chloroplast DNA. Chloroplast DNAs were also analysed for nine species of Solanum that are cross-compatible with eggplant: S. aethiopicum, S. anguivi, S. gilo, S. incanum, S. indicum, S. integrifolium, S. macrocarpon, S. olivare and S. panduriforme. Restriction fragments generated by eight enzymes were recorded as present or absent, and a matrix for all fragment positions, species and enzymes was used for cluster analysis. In the resulting dendrogram, the species tested formed three distinct groups: (1) S. aethiopicum, S. anguivi, S. gilo, S. indicum, S. integrifolium and S. olivare, (2) S. incanum, S. melongena and S. panduriforme, (3) S. macrocarpon. Six species of the first group belonging to section Oliganthes appears more closely related to the second group members belonging to section Melongena than does S. macrocarpon, which also belongs to section Melongena. Within the second group, S. panduriforme is slightly more like eggplant than is S. incanum.
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    Determination of genetic variation and taxonomy in lentil (Lens Miller) species by chloroplast DNA polymorphism (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 56 (1991), S. 213-218 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: chloroplast DNA ; Lens ; polymorphism ; restriction fragments ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Chloroplast DNA restriction fragment lenght polymorphisms (RFLP) were used to examine the taxonomic relationships of cultivated and wild lentil (Lens Miller) species and identify the extent of genetic variation in this genus. Twelve accessions representing all Lens subspecies were digested with four hexanucleotide-recognizing restriction endonucleases. These digests randomly surveyed 540 base pairs, or 0.4% of the approximately 125 kilobase lentil chloroplast genome. A high degree of gragment length conservation was seen among members of crossability group I, i.e., L. c. ssp. culinaris, L. c. ssp. orientalis and L. c. ssp. odemensis. Accessions of the two subspecies comprising crossability group II, i.e., L. n. ssp. nigricans and L. n. ssp. ervoides, showed the greatest amount of variation when compared to the cultivated lentil, L. c. ssp. culinaris. Limited variation was observed within subspecies except for L. n. ssp. nigricans, where accessions of the normal cytotype were highly polymorphic to those of the differentiated cytotype. Chloroplast DNA RFLPs reaffirm hypotheses that propose L. c. ssp. orientalis as the progenitor to the cultivated lentil. The implications of this study on taxonomy and genetic resources is also discussed.
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    Bolivia potato germplasm collecting expeditions 1993, 1994: Taxonomy and new germplasm resources (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 79 (1994), S. 137-148 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Bolivia ; chromosome numbers ; genebank ; germplasm ; Solanum sect. Petota ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We conducted joint Bolivia/The Netherlands/United States wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota Dumort.) germplasm collecting expeditions in Bolivia from February 1-April 15, 1993, and January 1-February 26, 1994. The goals of the expeditions were to collect germplasm and gather data for continuing taxonomic studies of the approximately 43 taxa of Bolivian wild potatoes accepted by current taxonomists. We made 223 collections, 135 as true seed collections, 54 as tubers, 19 only as herbarium collections. Two recent taxonomic treatments of Bolivian wild and cultivated potatoes have clarified the taxonomy and distribution of these plants, but there are continuing disagreements between treatments regarding species boundaries and interrelationships. These disagreements, and the variability we observed in natural populations, present problems for identifications. We summarize the state of germplasm collections for Bolivia, provide our field data regarding the taxonomy of Bolivian wild potatoes, provide recommendations for future collecting, and provide new chromosome counts for S. hoopesii, S. ugentii, and S. yungasense.
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    Chloroplast DNA diversity in eggplant (Solanum melongena) and its related species S. incanum and S. marginatum (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 80 (1994), S. 1-4 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: chloroplast DNA ; eggplant ; evolution ; Solanum incanum ; Solanum melongena ; Solanum marginatum ; taxonomy ; variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Total chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) from Solanum incanum, a wild relative of eggplant, was used to probe total DNAs from 27 accessions of S. melongena (eggplant), S. incanum sensu lato and S. marginatum, all of which are quite similar in their morphology. There is a wide diversity in plastotypes within S. incanum sensu lato. On the other hand, only one restriction fragment pattern difference was detected between S. melongena and S. incanum sensu lato. The restriction fragment patterns generated by eight enzymes were recorded as present or absent, and a matrix for all fragment positions, enzymes and accessions was used for cluster analysis. In the dendrogram, it is suggested that S. marginatum is not nearly as closely related to S. melongena and S. incanum sensu lato as previously supposed, and some of accessions treated as S. incanum sensu lato, originated from Southern Africa, should be called S. lichtensteinii.
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    TheAnabaena-Azolla symbiosis: Diversity and relatedness of neotropical host taxa (1991)
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    Plant and soil 137 (1991), S. 167-170 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: azolla ; DNA polymorphisms ; isoenzymes ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract TheAnabaena-Azolla association has proved to be an effective biofertilizer in tropical regions of wetland rice production. Three neotropical host species,A. microphylla, A. caroliniana, andA. mexicana, are similar in vegetative morphology (growth habits, frond dimensions, trichome cell number) and ecophysiology (relative heat tolerance). They were observed during our investigation to also be genetically alike and distinct from other taxa.
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    Recent developments inRhizobium taxonomy (1994)
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    Plant and soil 161 (1994), S. 11-20 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; genetic diversity ; Rhizobium ; systematics ; taxonomy
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Recent developments inRhizobium taxonomy are presented from a molecular and evolutionary point of view. Analyses of ribosomal RNA gene sequences provide a solid basis to infer phylogenies in the Rhizobiaceae family. These studies confirmed thatRhizobium andBradyrhizobium are only distantly related and showed thatRhizobium andBradyrhizobium are related to other groups of bacteria that are not plant symbionts.Rhizobium andAgrobacterium species are intermixed. Differences in plasmid content may explain to a good extent the different behavior ofRhizobium andAgrobacterium as symbionts or pathogens. Other approaches to identify and classify bacteria such as DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, RFLP and RPD-PCR techniques and phylogenies derived from other genes are in general agreement to the groupings derived by ribosomal sequences. Only a small proportion of nodulated legumes have been sampled for their symbionts and more knowledge is required on the systematics and taxonomy ofRhizobium andBradyrhizobium species.
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    Freshwater snails of São Tomé, with special reference to Bulinus forskalii (Ehrenberg), host of Schistosoma intercalatum (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 209 (1991), S. 141-153 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Bulinus ; Schistosoma intercalatum ; Africa ; São Tomé ; taxonomy ; schistosomiasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract São Tomé Island has 3 known taxa of freshwater gastropod, here identified to species for the first time; Neritina afra Sowerby, Ferrissia eburnensis Binder and a distinctive form of Bulinus forskalii (Ehrenberg). The Bulinus acts as intermediate host for the parasite Schistosoma intercalatum Fisher, the cause of human schistosomiasis in foci of infection detected in recent years on São Tomé. A morphological characterization of this snail is presented, in respect of the shell, radula and copulatory organ. It is compared with B. forskalii populations sampled on the African mainland (Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon and Angola) and with related taxa. Despite differences in the shell from the commonly found form of B. forskalii it seems appropriate to identify the São Tomé population as an extreme conchological variant of this taxon.
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    Anuraeopsis miraclei, a new planktonic rotifer species in karstic lakes of Spain (1991)
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    Hydrobiologia 209 (1991), S. 169-173 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Anuraeopsis ; taxonomy ; morphology ; Weber's organ ; stratified karstic lakes ; chemocline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two taxa of Anuraeopsis, A. fissa fissa (Gosse, 1851) and A. miraclei nov. spec. occur in meromictic and stratified karstic lakes in Spain. They coexist, but may also live separated in different strata with A. miraclei restricted to a zone near the chemocline, characterized by low temperatures and low oxygen concentrations. The two Anuraeopsis species differ from each other in size, shape, structure and thickness of the lorica, size of the trophi elements, shape of Weber's organ, and egg-structure.
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    Branchipus cortesi n. sp.: a new anostracan from western Spain (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) (1991)
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    Hydrobiologia 212 (1991), S. 221-230 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Anostraca ; taxonomy ; biogeography ; ecology ; Branchipus ; Spain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Branchipus cortesi, n. sp. (Anostraca, Branchipodidae) is characterized by the broadly enlarged distal segments of male antenna 2, and a combination of morphological features concerning thoracic limbs, abdominal segments and egg morphology. The species occurs in temporary fresh water bodies in flatlands with temperate Mediterranean climate; it is distributed in the south-western part of Spain. Our study includes a morphological analysis using optical and scanning electronic microscopes. Questions about ecology and distribution of the new species are also discussed.
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    The fairy shrimp Chirocephalus brevipalpis (Orghidan, 1953), (Crustacea: Anostraca) in Yugoslavia (1991)
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    Hydrobiologia 212 (1991), S. 261-266 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Anostraca ; taxonomy ; zoogeography
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fairy shrimp Chirocephalus brevipalpis (Orghidan, 1953) has been found in the Srem-district, Northern Yugoslavia, at the southern margin of the Pannonian lowland. It is the second record of the species, which had been reported only from Banat province, Romania. Since the specimens from Yugoslavia show some morphological differences with the typical form, a detailed description and illustration of essential taxonomic features in each sex are presented. The specific characters of the population of Srem are not sufficient to establish a new species, and fall within the intraspecific variability of Chirocephalus brevipalpis.
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    Intrageneric differences in cystocarp structure in Gelidium and Pterocladia (1991)
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    Hydrobiologia 221 (1991), S. 1-17 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: cystocarps ; Gelidium ; morphological variability ; Pterocladia ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Unilocular cystocarps, with ostioles opening to one frond surface, have traditionally distinguished Pterocladia from Gelidium, described as having bilocular cystocarps, with ostioles opening to both surfaces; however, unequally developed locules have been described in Pterocladia and differences in cystocarpic architecture between Pterocladia capillacea and the type species of the genus, P. lucida, have been recently found. As heterogeneity in cystocarp architecture raises questions of basic intergeneric distinction, a survey of reproductive morphology of species in both genera is presented in this study. Six morphologically-different types of cystocarps are distinguished among the five species of Pterocladia and the seven species of Gelidium examined.
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    Review of Iberian Cladocera with remarks on ecology and biogeography (1991)
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    Hydrobiologia 225 (1991), S. 37-43 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Iberian Cladocera ; taxonomy ; ecology ; biogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A checklist of 88 freshwater Cladocera from the Iberian Peninsula is given, based on the examination of approximately 1500 samples collected from all parts of the peninsula from 1976 to 1989. Ecology and species assemblages are considered. Distribution of the species versus regional limnology of the Iberian Peninsula is discussed.
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    On the presence of the genus Branchinecta Verrill, 1869 (Crustacea, Anostraca) in Yugoslavia (1991)
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    Hydrobiologia 226 (1991), S. 17-27 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Branchinecta ; Anostraca ; taxonomy ; zoogeography ; Yugoslavia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genus Branchinecta Verrill, 1869 is represented in Yugoslavia by two species: Branchinecta ferox (Milne-Edwards, 1840) and Branchinecta orientalis G.O. Sars, 1901. The first species was collected in the steppe-like province of Banat, Pannonian Lowland, and in the lowland around the Skadar Lake, Montenegro, the second only in the province of Banat. On the basis of rich material of both species, a detailed study of the most essential morphological characters has been carried out and comparisons have been made with data in the literature. In B. ferox, significant morphological deviations are not found, whereas, in B. orientalis, essential features are clearly ascertained which were previously unknown or were not stated with sufficient precision. B. ferox is known to appear in small, temporary, natronsoda water rainpools, while B. orientalis has been found in a large temporary inundation pool with a high content of natronsoda and salt in the water.
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    A new species of Halicyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopidae) from California, and a revision of some Halicyclops material in the collections of the US Museum of Natural History (1991)
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    Hydrobiologia 226 (1991), S. 29-37 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: taxonomy ; Copepoda Cyclopoida ; animal distribution ; Pacific Fauna ; Brackish water crustaceans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Halicyclops hurlberti, a new species of cyclopoid copepod, is described from San Diego, California. Specimens identified by C.D. Marsh as H. aequoreus kept in the US Museum of Natural History were checked and placed in the species H. cf. clarkei Herbst and H. fosteri M. S. Wilson. The description of these two species is being emended.
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    New records of Malaysian marine algae (1994)
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    Hydrobiologia 285 (1994), S. 123-129 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: marine algae ; Malaysia ; new records ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Checklists of the marine algae of Malaysia have been published. The last checklist included the marine algae of Singapore. The checklist recorded 212 taxa for the region. This paper lists an additional 7 taxa of Chlorophyta, 18 taxa of Rhodophyta and 5 taxa of Phaeophyta, which had been left out of the last checklist. These include marine algae from Pulau Pinang, Pulau Redang and Pulau Sibu. In addition, new records of Cyanophyta (2 species), Chlorophyta (4 species), Rhodophyta (10 species) and Phaeophyta (3 species) are reported.
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    New records of Rotifera from India (1994)
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    Hydrobiologia 287 (1994), S. 251-258 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rotifera ; India ; taxonomy ; zoogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fifteen species of monogonont Rotifera are recorded from India for the first time. These are Lecane acanthinula (Hauer), L. aspasia Myers, L. monostyla (Daday), L. ruttneri (Hauer), L. simonneae Segers, Lepadella costatoides Segers, L. cf. favorita Klement, L. minuta (Montet), L. triba Myers, Notommata pachyura (Gosse), N. saccigera Ehrenberg, Sinantherina semibullata (Thorpe), Trichocerca chattoni (De Beauchamp), T. kostei Segers and Taphrocampa selenura (Gosse). Taxonomic and/or zoogeographic notes are added, when appropriate.
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    Lepadella beyensi (Rotifera Monogononta: Colurellidae), a new species from the Canadian High Arctic (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 294 (1994), S. 61-63 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rotifera ; new species ; taxonomy ; Canada ; High Arctic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new species of Lepadella was discovered during an investigation of the Rotifera of freshwater ponds in Cambridge Bay, Victoria Island, N.W.T., Canada. A description of the new species is given.
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    Actual state of gammaridean amphipoda taxonomy and catalogue of species from Chile (1991)
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    Hydrobiologia 223 (1991), S. 47-68 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Chile ; amphipoda ; gammaridea ; taxonomy ; catalogue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The taxonomy of gammaridean amphipods is poorly known in Chile. The lack of literature has discouraged investigation of this group, which has been overlooked for years. This has led to the exclusion of amphipods from biological and ecological studies done in our country. I present here a preliminary report on the actual state of the group with reference mainly to its taxonomy, ecological studies and a species catalogue. I have only included species from continental Chile north of 56 °S, Juan Fernandez Archipelago and Isla de Pascua. Species from Chilean Subantarctic and Antarctic waters are excluded, because they are well covered by other authors. There are 168 known for Chile, 36 of them undescribed or with their status not clear. This report is based on a revision of the species recorded for Chile, analysis of samples from the Chilean coast and the work of ecologists who are using the group as material for study.
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    Karyological and taxonomic studies of Dugesia japonica from the Southwest Islands of Japan-II (1991)
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    Hydrobiologia 227 (1991), S. 157-162 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Turbellaria ; Tricladida ; Dugesia ; karyology ; taxonomy ; Japan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The karyotypes of Dugesia japonica from the southern part of the Southwest Islands of Japan (the Nansei Shotô) include diploidy, triploidy, mixoploidy, and mixoaneuploidy. Animals having karyotypes based on n = 8 were found on Okinawa Island, Ishigaki Island, Iriomote Island, and Yonaguni Island, while animals having karyotypes based on n = 7 were found on Okinawa Island, Miyako Island, and Ishigaki Island. Toward the northern end of this island chain, at Tanegashima Island, Yakushima Island, and Amami-Ôshima Island, karyotypes based on n = 8 occurred; and on one of these, Tanegashima Island, n = 7 also occurred. Our data provide further support of the karyotypical distinction between the two subspecies of D. japonica: D. j. japonica has karyotypes based on n = 8 and D. j. ryukyuensis has karyotypes based on n = 7. Taking into consideration the geological history of the Southwest Islands and the ties of their faunas to those of adjacent areas, we can explain the current geographical distribution of the two subspecies in these islands as the result of two separate invasions by D. japonica, one in the Miocene and one after the early Quaternary.
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    Methods for taxonomic and distributional studies of terrestrial flatworms (Tricladida: Terricola) (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 227 (1991), S. 349-352 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Tricladida ; Terricola ; taxonomy ; methodology ; microtechnique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Traditionally used methods for collecting and preserving terrestrial flatworms have proved deficient in various respects. Comparison of methods for preparing these animals for taxonomic study has shown that preservation of morphological characters can best be achieved using formaldehyde-calcium-cobalt fixative and subsequent storage in an aqueous solution of propylene phenoxetol plus propylene glycol and that the best-lasting histological preparations make use of light-fast, oxidation-resistant dyes and synthetic mounting media with an anti-oxidant.
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    A preliminary review of the taxonomic characters used for the systematics of the genus Trichodrilus Claparède (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae) (1994)
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    Hydrobiologia 278 (1994), S. 35-51 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Oligochaeta ; Lumbriculidae ; Trichodrilus ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The taxonomic characters of the 34 known species of the genus Trichodrilus Claparède, 1862 are discussed as a basis for a systematic revision of the genus. Some additions to the species descriptions are made subsequent to examination of type collections. Trichodrilus campoyi Rodriguez, 1988, originally described as a subspecies of T. strandi Hrabě, 1936, is emended to specific rank. Trichodrilus icenorum Beddard, 1920 is regarded as a synonym of T. allobrogum Claparède, 1862. The extension of pharyngeal glands is demonstrated to be a fixed or a variable character depending on the species. Presence or absence of posterior lateral blood vessels or pattern of anterior blood vessels are not well documented for a significant proportion of the species and these characters need to be tested for environmentally induced variation. Taxonomic value of structural traits is strengthened against characters related to size. Thus, a key to the species of the genus is provided, emphasising such structural characters.
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    The damselfishes (Pisces: Osteichthyes: Pomacentridae) of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore: systematics, ecology and conservation (1994)
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    Hydrobiologia 285 (1994), S. 49-58 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Pomacentridae ; Malaysia ; Singapore ; taxonomy ; ecology ; conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Damselfishes (Pomacentridae) are among the most common of reef fishes in tropical seas, comprising 320 species in all, with 268 species alone in the Indo-West Pacific regions. 15 genera (Abudefduf, Amblyglyphidodon, Amphiprion, Chelioprion, Chromis, Chrysiptera, Dascyllus, Pristotis, Dischistodus, Hemiglyphidodon, Neoglyphidodon, Neopomacentrus, Plectroglyphidodon, Pomacentrus, Stegastes) and at least 39 species inhabit the waters of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. They are important ecologically because many species are extremely abundant in reefs, and also economically, as several are collected in large numbers for the lucrative aquarium trade. This demand has led to some fishermen using destructive methods in obtaining the fishes, to the point that original standing populations may not be recoverable. This threat poses a need for conservation of the reefs. The present study based primarily on fishes collected from the waters of Singapore and specimens from the Zoological Reference Collection at the National University of Singapore, will serve the dual purpose of establishing a current species list for Malaysia and Singapore, and to update and clarify the local taxonomy of the group. An annotated list (with localities) is provided of the known or reported species to aid studies on reefs.
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    Genetic diversity and systematic relationships in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) and related species as revealed by RAPD analysis (1994)
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    Genetic resources and crop evolution 41 (1994), S. 165-173 
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    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Convolvulaceae ; genetic diversity ; germplasm ; taxonomy ; polymerase chain reaction ; sweetpotato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Fifteen 10mer primers, in combination with the Stoffel fragment, were used to detect random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) among 26 accessions of sweetpotato (I. batatas (L.) Lam.) from Oceania, Peru, the Philippines, and the United States and between 8 Ipomoea species from section Batatas. Phenetic and principal coordinate analysis of the 56 polymorphisms detected within the hexaploid I. batatas clearly delineated the South Pacific and the Peruvian sweetpotato lines. The two U.S. cultivars clustered with the Oceanic materials. Cladistic and phenetic analysis of 8 Ipomoea species supports previously published phylogenies based on morphological and RFLP data. Among the species examined, I. tabascana, I. trifida and the tetraploid forms of I. batatas from Mexico and Ecuador, including I. batatas var. apiculata, are the taxa most closely related to the cultivated hexaploid I. batatas. These findings support the utility of RAPD markers for evaluating genetic diversity in sweetpotato and for establishing taxonomic and evolutionary relationships in Ipomoea.
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    Pseudomoraria triglavensis gen. n., sp. n. (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from a high-alpine reservoir in Slovenia (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 294 (1994), S. 89-98 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Copepoda ; Harpacticoida ; taxonomy ; ecology ; high-alpine lakes ; Slovenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Numerous specimens of Pseudomoraria triglavensis gen.n., sp.n. were collected from small, high-alpine, reservoir Močilec. The reservoir is situated in the centre of Triglav national park (NW Slovenia) at an altitude of 1690 m. The new genus differs from related genera Moraria, Morariopsis and Paramorariopsis by the reduced articulation of exopodites and endopodites in both sexes. It also differs from Moraria by possessing sexually dimorphic furcal rami. Detail taxonomic differences between these related genera and their ecology are discussed.
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    Nematocysts of sea anemones (Actiniaria, Ceriantharia and Corallimorpharia: Cnidaria): nomenclature (1991)
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    Hydrobiologia 216-217 (1991), S. 691-697 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: nematocysts ; sea anemones ; Anthozoa ; taxonomy ; identification ; nomenclature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A brief historical review of nematocyst terminology is given and three nomenclatural problems are discussed. It is proposed to combine the terms initiated by Weill (1934) with those of Schmidt (1969). A new mesobasic grade, intermediate between microbasic and macrobasic is proposed for amastigophores and p-mastigophores possessing a short Faltstück. A more liberal interpretation of Weill's (1934) terminology for nematocysts than that proposed by Cutress (1955) is suggested in respect of microbasic amastigophores and p-mastigophores. Basitrichs and b-mastigophores continue to be recognized as separate categories.
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    A new freshwater heteronemertean from the Zhujiang (Pearl River), People's Republic of China (1991)
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    Hydrobiologia 220 (1991), S. 167-178 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: heteronemertea ; freshwater ; Pearl River ; taxonomy ; Amniclineus zhujiangensis gen. et sp. nov.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new genus and species of freshwater heteronemertean, Amniclineus zhujiangensis, from the Zhujiang (Pearl River), People's Republic of China, is described and illustrated. The species is placed in the family Lineidae along with the existing freshwater heteronemertean taxa, with which its anatomy is compared.
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    Additional cladoceran records for Mantecal and new for Venezuela (1991)
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    Hydrobiologia 225 (1991), S. 45-62 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Cladocera ; taxonomy ; distribution ; Venezuela
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 24 cladoceran species were found in collections from several fresh waterbodies, including environmental samples and gut contents of small micro-characid fishes from Mantecal (Apure state). Nine of these were new records for Venezuela and 18 for the Mantecal area. Brief descriptions of locations and species, including range-distribution, are given.
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    The genus Diaphanosoma (Ctenopoda: Sididae) in Spain (1991)
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    Hydrobiologia 225 (1991), S. 23-35 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: cladocera ; Diaphanosoma ; biogeography ; taxonomy ; ecology ; Spain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During a 1987–88 extensive limnological study of Spanish reservoirs, euplanktonic cladocerans were sampled all around the country. Two species of Diaphanosoma Fischer, 1850 were recorded, viz D. mongolianum Uéno, 1938 and D. brachyurum (Liévin, 1848). Morphological descriptions of both species are presented, especially of the thoracic limbs, together with notes on their ecology. Both species present a clear allopatric distribution, D. brachyurum inhabiting waters with a low Total Dissolved Salt (TDS) content, which equilibrated relative ionic composition, characteristic of a narrow strip in the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula; on the contrary, D. mongolianum inhabits waters with high TDS values and high content of sulphate or chloride, characteristic of the central and southern regions.
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    A comparison of populations from the Daphnia similis group (Cladocera: Daphniidae) (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 225 (1991), S. 9-22 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Cladocera ; Daphniidae ; Daphnia ; Ctenodaphnia ; taxonomy ; biology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract European populations of Daphnia similis Claus have been compared with populations from tropical Asia. Daphnia similoides n. sp. from tropical Asia was described as the sibling species of D. similis. The female has characteristic neonate, postabdomen, head, and ephippium. The male has characteristic rostrum, antennules, and the distalmost part of the postabdomen. The D. similis group was compared with D. carinata s. str. Australian populations.
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    Karyology of four land-planarian species of the genus Bipalium from Japan (1991)
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    Hydrobiologia 227 (1991), S. 163-167 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Turbellaria ; Tricladida ; Bipalium ; karyology ; taxonomy ; Japan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have employed a new scale for characterizing chromosomal forms in the karyotypes of four species of Bipalium from five localities in Japan. Specimens of Bipalium nobile Kawakatsu et Makino, 1982, from Yokohama had a diploid chromosome number of 2x = 10 (2m + 2sm + 2sm + st & sm + 2sm); specimens of the same species from Toyonaka had this number as well but with slightly different chromosomal form (2m + 2sm + sm & st + 2st + m & sm). An undescribed species from Sanjô, Bipalium sp. 2, with two dorsal stripes and a yellow head crescent, had 2x = 10 (2m + 2sm + 2sm + 2sm + 2m); and another undescribed species from Chichijima Island, Bipalium sp. 3, with five dorsal stripes, had 2x = 10 (2m + 2sm + 2sm + 2sm + 2m). A non-sexual bipaliid tentatively identified as Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878, from Chichijima Island had 2x = 18 (2m + 2m + 2m + 2sm + 2st + 2sm + 2sm + 2sm + 2sm).
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    Septal micropores in Zygozyma and their taxonomic significance (1991)
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 59 (1991), S. 77-80 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Lipomycetaceae ; micropores ; taxonomy ; yeasts ; Zygozyma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Septal micropores or plasmadesmal canals have been observed in two species of the lipomycetaceous genus Zygozyma. The presence of these canals is considered as further evidence for the connexion between the Lipomycetaceae and the Dipodascaceae. The genus Zygozyma has been emended.
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    Cryptococcus yarrowii sp. nov., a novel yeast species from Portugal (1991)
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 59 (1991), S. 177-181 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Cryptococcus yarrowii ; yeasts ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A novel species of the basidiomycetous genusCryptococcus is described asCr. yarrowii based on the study of an isolate from a decayed mushroom collected in Portugal. DNA-DNA homology with the type strain of the phenotypically similar speciesCr. albidus was 10±2%.
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    Fellomyces horovitziae sp. nov., a new basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from aXenasmatella basidiocarp (1991)
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 59 (1991), S. 293-298 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Fellomyces horovitziae ; basidiomycetous yeasts ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new species of the genusFellomyces, F. horovitziae, was isolated from aXenasmatella basidiocarp. It differs from other accepted species in its carbon assimilation pattern, mol% G+C and low DNA-DNA homology. The delimiting characters are discussed and a key to the genus is provided.
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    Karyology and hyphal characters as taxonomic criteria in Ascomycetous black yeasts and related fungi (1991)
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 60 (1991), S. 35-42 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: black yeasts ; Aureobasidium ; Hormonema ; Hortaea ; Ramichloridium ; Zasmidium ; karyology ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mycelial development of seventy-three strains of black yeasts and related fungi were studied, and numbers of nuclei per hyphal cell were counted. Two main patterns were apparent in expanding hyphae, viz. (1) uninucleate expanding hyphal cells, septum formation strictly following mitosis, and (2) multinucleate, branched, aseptate hyphal tips, septa being formed in a later stage, leading to oligo- or uninucleate mature cells. Characteristic genera in the two groups areExophiala andAureobasidium, respectively. InZasmidium and in someRamichloridium species all mycelial cells are oligonucleate. The character is indicative for relationships at the family level in black yeasts.
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    Occurrence and taxonomic aspects of proton movements coupled to sugar transport in the yeast genusKluyveromyces (1991)
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 59 (1991), S. 199-206 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: yeast ; systematics ; taxonomy ; proton symport ; sugar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of proton symport mechanisms for the transport of glucose, galactose, fructose, raffinose and sucrose in 21 yeast strains representing the species of the genusKluyveromyces was surveyed. Proton symport of one or more sugars occurred in 57% of the strains. Similarly, all the sugars investigated were transported by symports by several strains. Symport systems for non-utilisable sugars were rare. Starvation of cells frequently resulted in the appearance of a symport absent in non-starved glucose-grown cells, indicating that repression of proton symports by glucose and subsequent derepression by starvation is a general phenomenon in members ofKluyveromyces. The addition of a sugar to cell suspensions resulted in acidification in 80% of cases, indicating the activity of a membrane-bound ATPase. Acidification was also observed with a number of sugars that cannot be utilised by the particular species. Interesting correlations between the number of proton symports and the abundance of other phenotypic characteristics in members of the genus emerged. Most members of the infertile group of species showing an increase in the number of small chromosomes, inability to produce well-developed pseudomycelium, linoleic and linolenic acid, a decrease in the number of carbon compounds utilised and inability to utilise ethylamine also had no proton symports, whereas most members of the interfertile species produced one or more proton symports. It was concluded that the distribution of the number of proton symports amongstKluyveromyces species coincided with that of other positive characteristics and may therefore be of taxonomic value.
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    Conidiogenesis, nutritional physiology and taxonomy ofAureobasidium andHormonema (1994)
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 65 (1994), S. 41-54 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: black yeasts ; Aureobasidium ; Hormonema ; Kabatiella ; Pringsheimia ; Dothiora ; Dothidae ; Dothideaceae ; conidiogenesis ; physiology ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Diagnostic criteria for the distinction of the slightly osmophilic species,Aureobasidium pullulans, and the opportunistic pathogen on conifers,Hormonema dematioides, are provided. Reliable identification requires a combination of characters of conidiogenesis, expansion growth and assimilative abilities. Relationships with species ofKabatiella, and with the teleomorph generaPringsheimia, Dothidea andDothiora, all havingHormonema-like cultural states, are discussed. An identification key is provided.
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    Intraspecific metabolic diversity among strains ofBurkholderia cepacia isolated from decayed onions, soils, and the clinical environment (1994)
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 65 (1994), S. 111-131 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: BIOLOG ; coefficients of resemblance ; infraspecific variation ; Pseudomonas cepacia ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A collection of 218 strains ofBurkholderia cepacia (including 18% strain replicates) was assembled from organic soils, decayed onions, and clinical sources. Each strain was characterized for virulence to onion, catabolic ability using the Biolog GN microtiter plate, and several other behaviors. Overall test reproducibility was estimated at 98%. The results obtained using the Biolog GN system corresponded well to those obtained using standard methods. Three coefficients of resemblance (Gower similarity, pattern difference, and Jaccard similarity) were calculated and clustered by the group-average method. The sorted matrices and phenograms, while giving evidence of an underlying phenetic structure to theB. cepacia nomenspecies, gave little evidence of sorting by broad source of isolation. Strains isolated from within fields or samples were frequently found to be similar, however, strains isolated from fields with similar cropping histories were not. The Gower-transformed centroids of ordained clusters were projected in a principal coordinate system and estimates of disjunction were calculated. Strains ofB. cepacia were shown to be non-uniformly distributed in taxonomic space. Strains isolated by serial dilution on onion slices formed a tight phenetic cluster which includes the type strain of the nomenspecies and that of a synonymous group (Pseudomonas multivorans); the strains in this phenon were generally virulent to onion and were partially differentiated from others by pectolytic behavior and by the production of diffusible pigment on King's medium A. Further characterization should better resolve the taxonomy of the nomenspecies.
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    The variation of Halocordyle disticha (Cnidaria, Athecata) from the Brazilian coast: an environmental indicator species? (1991)
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    Hydrobiologia 216-217 (1991), S. 437-442 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Cnidaria ; Halocordyle ; indicator species ; taxonomy ; Brazil ; intraspecific variation ; phenotypic response ; cnidome ; biometrics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rediscovery of Halocardyle fragilis Vannucci, of which the type material is lost, led us to consider it a variety of Halocardyle disticha (Goldfuss) that occurs in calm waters on soft bottoms. The typical H. disticha is open feather-shaped, with branching in one plane, while H. fragilis is bushy, much larger, with branching in many planes. The different habit of H. disticha is probably due to environmental conditions. The bushy and pinnate forms are considered extremes of a range of morphological variation.
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    A jellyfish-eating sea anemone (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) from Palau: Entacmaea medusivora sp. nov. (1991)
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    Hydrobiologia 216-217 (1991), S. 453-461 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Actiniidae ; planulae ; taxonomy ; zooxanthellae ; diet ; feeding ; predation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Entacmaea medusivora sp. nov., a member of the family Actiniidae, inhabits Jellyfish Lake in Palau, western Caroline Islands, and eats the rhizostome jellyfish Mastigias papua. The anemone is azooxanthellate, despite its jellyfish prey containing symbiotic algae. Well fed anemones released ciliated planula-like larvae in the laboratory when maintained at more than 30 °C. It could not be determined whether the larvae, which usually settled around the parent within 24 h of release, were produced sexually or asexually.
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    Morphological differences between, and reproductive isolation of, two populations of the jellyfish Cyanea in Long Island Sound, USA (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 216-217 (1991), S. 471-477 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Scyphozoa ; Cyanea ; speciation ; biogeography ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two populations of Cyanea, one in the Niantic River estuary and the other in the adjacent Niantic Bay portion of Long Island Sound, were studied for more than a decade. The estuary and the bay are connected by a narrow channel: this and hydrographic features constrain transport between them. Specimens from each site exhibit morphological and seasonal differences comparable to those which distinguish C. capillata from C. lamarckii in European waters. Reproducing River medusae never cooccurred with reproducing Bay medusae. Estuarine jellyfish are sometimes found in the Bay, but reproducing individuals have not been seen there. Reproductively mature Bay jellyfish occasionally appear in the River, but benthic samples show that they do not deposit planulae at this site and thus do not contribute to the next generation of medusae in the River. Such differences suggest an absence of gene flow between these two populations, indicating that the River medusae and Bay medusae might be separate species.
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    The Enchytraeid fauna of North Africa (1994)
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    Hydrobiologia 278 (1994), S. 53-66 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Enchytraeidae ; taxonomy ; distribution ; North Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract As part of a survey of the Mediterranean enchytraeids, large numbers of samples were collected from a wide range of habitats at 38 localities of Tunisia and Algeria in 1989. Twenty species were identified belonging to six genera. Five species are new records for Tunisia and 17 are new for Algeria. Most of the recorded species are widely distributed throughout Europe, or even cosmopolitan, but some have a more restricted range. Fridericia caprensis has a circummediterranean distribution, Fridericia sardorum seems to be endemic to the western Mediterranean and Fridericia berninii is known only from the Balearic Islands and Algeria. Enchytraeus minutus bisetosus n. ssp. is described. A critical revision of some species is also provided.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00142311
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    An ultrastructural overview of tubificid spermatozoa (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 278 (1994), S. 165-178 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: spermatozoa ; Tubificidae ; oligochaete ultrastructure ; taxonomy ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The spermatozoa of seven species of tubificid oligochaete were compared to those already described in order to supply spermatozoal characters for systematic work on Tubificidae. The spermatozoa of Clitellio arenarius (subfamily Tubificinae) resemble those of the two other known members of the subfamily (Tubifex tubifex and Tubificoides amplivasatus) in being of two different types and in showing the same morphology of acrosomes and nuclei. Among Phallodrilinae, the three gutless species Inanidrilus bulbosus, Inanidrilus leukodermatus and Olavius planus share with Bathydrilus formosus the shape of the nucleus and various characters of the acrosome, whereas Thalassodrilus prostatus is particular in having the acrosome vesicle external to the tube and the longest middle piece recorded in oligochaetes. Monopylephorus limosus and Rhizodrilus russus (Rhyacodrilinae) differ widely in acrosomal and nuclear characters: M. limosus has a twisted nucleus, whereas R. russus has an apically flanged nucleus with a conspicuous apical concavity and an endonuclear canal. The data published on spermatozoa of the Limnodriloidinae are reviewed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00142325
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    Morphology of some species of the genus Aulodrilus Bretscher (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 278 (1994), S. 7-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Oligochaeta ; Tubificidae ; Aulodrilus ; morphology ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The external and internal morphology of Aulodrilus limnobius Bretscher, 1899, Aulodrilus pluriseta (Piguet, 1906) and Aulodrilus japonicus Yamaguchi, 1953, and morphology of the setal apparatus of Aulodrilus pigueti were studied on new material from Russia and compared with various literature data. Besides the peculiar “wings” on bifid setae, dominance of asexual reproduction is regarded as a primary synapomorphy of the genus and is accompanied by an anterior shift of the whole reproductive system and a tendency to doubling the gonads. Naidid-like cocoons, with a single egg, are another element of this reproductive mode. Similar characters seem to have arisen independently in several groups of Oligochaeta.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00142307
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    A description of spermatozoan ultrastructure and some anatomical characters in Branchiobdella kozarovi Subchev, 1978 (Annelida: Clitellata), and review of the spermatozoan morphology within the genus (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 278 (1994), S. 17-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Annelida ; Clitellata ; Branchiobdella kozarovi ; taxonomy ; anatomy ; spermatozoan ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The use of spermatozoan ultrastructural morphology to produce a meaningful phylogeny requires a critical number of descriptions from representative species in a taxon. Branchiobdella spermatozoan morphology is considered to be aberrant within the Clitellata. The description of the spermatozoon of B. kozarovi has extended the information on interspecific variation in this genus. The spermatozoa of this species have an acrosome (16 µm long), nucleus (4.5 µm long), midpiece (1.5 µm long), and tail (158 µm long), with a total length of about 180 µm. The acrosome is a thick helix with about 15 gyres, contains an acrosome tube and acrosome vesicle which has branches penetrating into the central subacrosomal space. The acrosomal “button” is located on the anterior surface, with the “cork” and secondary tube at the posterior. The rod-shaped nucleus has a concavity in both the anterior and posterior surfaces. The midpiece has seven, parallel mitochondria twisted about the central axis. The centriolar remnant with an indistinct ninefold symmetry in cross section is located posterior to the mitochondria. The prominent central sheath extends from the mitochondria to the end of the flagellum, which has no end piece. The axoneme has glycogen granules located along its length, and an helical marginal fiber. A review of descriptions of spermatozoa of Branchiobdella shows some inconsistencies. The observations of two anterior nephridial pores and an eversible penis completes the anatomical characters of B. kozarovi used in current branchiobdellidan taxonomy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00142308
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    On four new tropical and subtropical Lecane (Lecanidae, Monogononta, Rotifera) (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 287 (1994), S. 243-249 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rotifera ; new species ; taxonomy ; zoogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four new tropical/subtropical species of Lecane are described. L. abanica n. sp. is recorded from Saudi Arabia and the Comoro Islands; L. minuta n. sp. and L. spiniventris n. sp. from the Sultanate of Brunei, and L. nelsoni n. sp. from Brazil. An attempt is made to include characters of the trophi in the diagnosis of these Lecane.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006373
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    Taxonomic and zoogeographic considerations on Lecanidae (Rotifera: Monogononta) of the Balearic archipelago, with description of a new species, Lecane margalefi n.sp. (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 288 (1994), S. 97-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rotifera ; new species ; Balearic archipelago ; taxonomy ; zoogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Twenty species of rotifers of the genus Lecane were found in inland fresh and brackish waterbodies of the Balearic archipelago L. margalefi n. sp. has been found in a semi-arid area of Majorca island, and it is probably endemic. It is an illoricate species related to the L. luna group by its foot morphology, but similar in shape and size to L. boorali Koste & Shiel. The taxonomy of some other species of the genus, recorded from the archipelago, is discussed (L. bifurca (Bryce), L. grandis (Murray), L. lamellata (Daday), L. latissima Yamamoto, L. ohioensis (Herrick), L. punctata (Murray), L. pyriformis (Daday)).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007129
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    Keraladiaptomus rangareddyi a new genus and new species of Diaptominae (Copepoda, Calanoida, Diaptomidae) from a temporary pond in Mattam, Kerala State, India (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 288 (1994), S. 119-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: taxonomy ; Keraladiaptomus rangareddyi gen. nov. et sp. nov. ; Copepoda ; Calanoida ; India
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Calanoid copepods, belonging to the new genus and species Keraladiaptomus rangareddyi, were collected from temporary ponds in Kerala State, India. The new genus belongs to the family Diaptomidae, subfamily Diaptominae. It is described in detail and its affinity to the related genera, Arctodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 and Eodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932, discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007131
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    Importance of the genital operculum in the taxonomy of South American Diaptomidae (Copepoda, Calanoida) (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 292-293 (1994), S. 143-147 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Calanoida ; Diaptomidae ; South America ; Venezuela ; taxonomy ; genital operculum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract For the first time, the structures of the female genital field are described and compared among ten species of Venezuelan diaptomids. A nomenclature for these structures is suggested, and there is a preliminary report on the interspecific differences observed in one of these structures, the genital operculum.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229934
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    Lipids of heliobacteria are characterised by a high proportion of monoenoic fatty acids with variable double bond positions (1994)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 41 (1994), S. 67-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: phototrophic bacteria ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fatty acid composition and lipid pattern of six strains of heliobacteria have been analysed. The results were fairly uniform for all strains. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl glycerol were the dominating lipids found, with the former as the major one. No glycolipids were detected. The general fatty acid pattern was dominated by acids of chain length C16 to C18. An unusually large proportion of monoenoic acids was seen, with up to four positional isomers for each chain length. Methyl branched (iso) fatty acids were present, but not cyclopropyl or hydroxy fatty acids nor fatty alcohols.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184146
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    On the classification of C6 (tuberculum sextum) of the mandibular molars (1994)
    Springer
    Human evolution 9 (1994), S. 231-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1824-310X
    Keywords: Cusp six ; lower molars ; dental morphology ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cusp six (C6) of the mandibular molars is well-represented in the Hominoid fossil record and occurs with irregular frequency in the various geographic populations of modernHomo as well as in many of the extant non-human primates. The literature reveals considerable controversy and confusion related to C6 anatomic location, definitions and scoring criteria, and a major problem exists in deciding what actually is the “real” or “true” C6, especially relative to variable hypoconulid (C5) expression (i.e., reduction forms and the “divided hypoconulid”). A method is proposed that involves dual 4-point ranking (absent, small, medium, large) and reporting of C5–C6 covariation within a framework of 13 morphological expressivity categories. When applied to 3 different human populations, the method provided a reasonably clear picture of the actual C5 and C6 covariation patterns observed in the mandibular molar dentition. Data obtained from this exercise illustrated that inter- and intrapopulation differences in reported C6 frequencies could be associated with variable scoring criteria as well as with different levels of occlusal attrition and age distribution of the samples.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02437929
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