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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: G-protein-gated inward rectifier K(+) (GIRK) channels allow neurotransmitters, through G-protein-coupled receptor stimulation, to control cellular electrical excitability. In cardiac and neuronal cells this control regulates heart rate and neural circuit activity, respectively. Here we present the 3.5 A resolution crystal structure of the mammalian GIRK2 channel in complex with betagamma G-protein subunits, the central signalling complex that links G-protein-coupled receptor stimulation to K(+) channel activity. Short-range atomic and long-range electrostatic interactions stabilize four betagamma G-protein subunits at the interfaces between four K(+) channel subunits, inducing a pre-open state of the channel. The pre-open state exhibits a conformation that is intermediate between the closed conformation and the open conformation of the constitutively active mutant. The resultant structural picture is compatible with 'membrane delimited' activation of GIRK channels by G proteins and the characteristic burst kinetics of channel gating. The structures also permit a conceptual understanding of how the signalling lipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and intracellular Na(+) ions participate in multi-ligand regulation of GIRK channels.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4654628/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4654628/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whorton, Matthew R -- MacKinnon, Roderick -- 1S10RR022321-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- 1S10RR027037-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR027037/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jun 13;498(7453):190-7. doi: 10.1038/nature12241. Epub 2013 Jun 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23739333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium ; Channels/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Ion Channel Gating ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; Static Electricity
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-05-03
    Description: DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that has critical roles in gene silencing, development and genome integrity. In Arabidopsis, DNA methylation is established by DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE 2 (DRM2) and targeted by 24-nucleotide small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) through a pathway termed RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). This pathway requires two plant-specific RNA polymerases: Pol-IV, which functions to initiate siRNA biogenesis, and Pol-V, which functions to generate scaffold transcripts that recruit downstream RdDM factors. To understand the mechanisms controlling Pol-IV targeting we investigated the function of SAWADEE HOMEODOMAIN HOMOLOG 1 (SHH1), a Pol-IV-interacting protein. Here we show that SHH1 acts upstream in the RdDM pathway to enable siRNA production from a large subset of the most active RdDM targets, and that SHH1 is required for Pol-IV occupancy at these same loci. We also show that the SHH1 SAWADEE domain is a novel chromatin-binding module that adopts a unique tandem Tudor-like fold and functions as a dual lysine reader, probing for both unmethylated K4 and methylated K9 modifications on the histone 3 (H3) tail. Finally, we show that key residues within both lysine-binding pockets of SHH1 are required in vivo to maintain siRNA and DNA methylation levels as well as Pol-IV occupancy at RdDM targets, demonstrating a central role for methylated H3K9 binding in SHH1 function and providing the first insights into the mechanism of Pol-IV targeting. Given the parallels between methylation systems in plants and mammals, a further understanding of this early targeting step may aid our ability to control the expression of endogenous and newly introduced genes, which has broad implications for agriculture and gene therapy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4119789/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4119789/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Law, Julie A -- Du, Jiamu -- Hale, Christopher J -- Feng, Suhua -- Krajewski, Krzysztof -- Palanca, Ana Marie S -- Strahl, Brian D -- Patel, Dinshaw J -- Jacobsen, Steven E -- GM60398/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM85394/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060398/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM060398/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jun 20;498(7454):385-9. doi: 10.1038/nature12178. Epub 2013 May 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23636332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites/genetics ; Chromatin/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA Methylation/*genetics ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics/*metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics ; Histones/chemistry/metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Lysine/chemistry/metabolism ; Methyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Small Interfering/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-01-22
    Description: Interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFITs) are innate immune effector molecules that are thought to confer antiviral defence through disruption of protein-protein interactions in the host translation-initiation machinery. However, it was recently discovered that IFITs can directly recognize viral RNA bearing a 5'-triphosphate group (PPP-RNA), which is a molecular signature that distinguishes it from host RNA. Here we report crystal structures of human IFIT5, its complex with PPP-RNAs, and an amino-terminal fragment of IFIT1. The structures reveal a new helical domain that houses a positively charged cavity designed to specifically engage only single-stranded PPP-RNA, thus distinguishing it from the canonical cytosolic sensor of double-stranded viral PPP-RNA, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I, also known as DDX58). Mutational analysis, proteolysis and gel-shift assays reveal that PPP-RNA is bound in a non-sequence-specific manner and requires a 5'-overhang of approximately three nucleotides. Abrogation of PPP-RNA binding in IFIT1 and IFIT5 was found to cause a defect in the antiviral response by human embryonic kidney cells. These results demonstrate the mechanism by which IFIT proteins selectively recognize viral RNA, and lend insight into their downstream effector function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abbas, Yazan M -- Pichlmair, Andreas -- Gorna, Maria W -- Superti-Furga, Giulio -- Nagar, Bhushan -- MOP-82929/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2013 Feb 7;494(7435):60-4. doi: 10.1038/nature11783. Epub 2013 Jan 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Groupe de Recherche Axe sur la Structure des Proteines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23334420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Models, Molecular ; Neoplasm Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Viral/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-06-04
    Description: Rev-Erb-alpha and Rev-Erb-beta are nuclear receptors that regulate the expression of genes involved in the control of circadian rhythm, metabolism and inflammatory responses. Rev-Erbs function as transcriptional repressors by recruiting nuclear receptor co-repressor (NCoR)-HDAC3 complexes to Rev-Erb response elements in enhancers and promoters of target genes, but the molecular basis for cell-specific programs of repression is not known. Here we present evidence that in mouse macrophages Rev-Erbs regulate target gene expression by inhibiting the functions of distal enhancers that are selected by macrophage-lineage-determining factors, thereby establishing a macrophage-specific program of repression. Remarkably, the repressive functions of Rev-Erbs are associated with their ability to inhibit the transcription of enhancer-derived RNAs (eRNAs). Furthermore, targeted degradation of eRNAs at two enhancers subject to negative regulation by Rev-Erbs resulted in reduced expression of nearby messenger RNAs, suggesting a direct role of these eRNAs in enhancer function. By precisely defining eRNA start sites using a modified form of global run-on sequencing that quantifies nascent 5' ends, we show that transfer of full enhancer activity to a target promoter requires both the sequences mediating transcription-factor binding and the specific sequences encoding the eRNA transcript. These studies provide evidence for a direct role of eRNAs in contributing to enhancer functions and suggest that Rev-Erbs act to suppress gene expression at a distance by repressing eRNA transcription.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839578/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839578/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lam, Michael T Y -- Cho, Han -- Lesch, Hanna P -- Gosselin, David -- Heinz, Sven -- Tanaka-Oishi, Yumiko -- Benner, Christopher -- Kaikkonen, Minna U -- Kim, Aneeza S -- Kosaka, Mika -- Lee, Cindy Y -- Watt, Andy -- Grossman, Tamar R -- Rosenfeld, Michael G -- Evans, Ronald M -- Glass, Christopher K -- CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA17390/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA52599/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK057978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK063491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK091183/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL088093/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL105278/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK074868/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL088093/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK063491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA052599/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA173903/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK018477/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK091183/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL105278/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK057978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007198-37/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008666/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U19 DK062434/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19DK62434/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jun 27;498(7455):511-5. doi: 10.1038/nature12209. Epub 2013 Jun 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23728303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Down-Regulation/*genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*genetics ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Macrophages/*metabolism ; Mice ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Response Elements/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic/*genetics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-03-05
    Description: The contraction and relaxation of muscle cells is controlled by the successive rise and fall of cytosolic Ca(2+), initiated by the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and terminated by re-sequestration of Ca(2+) into the sarcoplasmic reticulum as the main mechanism of Ca(2+) removal. Re-sequestration requires active transport and is catalysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), which has a key role in defining the contractile properties of skeletal and heart muscle tissue. The activity of SERCA is regulated by two small, homologous membrane proteins called phospholamban (PLB, also known as PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN). Detailed structural information explaining this regulatory mechanism has been lacking, and the structural features defining the pathway through which cytoplasmic Ca(2+) enters the intramembranous binding sites of SERCA have remained unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of rabbit SERCA1a (also known as ATP2A1) in complex with SLN at 3.1 A resolution. The regulatory SLN traps the Ca(2+)-ATPase in a previously undescribed E1 state, with exposure of the Ca(2+) sites through an open cytoplasmic pathway stabilized by Mg(2+). The structure suggests a mechanism for selective Ca(2+) loading and activation of SERCA, and provides new insight into how SLN and PLB inhibition arises from stabilization of this E1 intermediate state without bound Ca(2+). These findings may prove useful in studying how autoinhibitory domains of other ion pumps modulate transport across biological membranes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winther, Anne-Marie L -- Bublitz, Maike -- Karlsen, Jesper L -- Moller, Jesper V -- Hansen, John B -- Nissen, Poul -- Buch-Pedersen, Morten J -- England -- Nature. 2013 Mar 14;495(7440):265-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11900. Epub 2013 Mar 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pcovery, Thorvaldsensvej 57, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23455424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Muscle Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Proteolipids/chemistry/*metabolism ; Rabbits ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-10-15
    Description: The design of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) allosteric modulators, an active area of modern pharmaceutical research, has proved challenging because neither the binding modes nor the molecular mechanisms of such drugs are known. Here we determine binding sites, bound conformations and specific drug-receptor interactions for several allosteric modulators of the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M2 receptor), a prototypical family A GPCR, using atomic-level simulations in which the modulators spontaneously associate with the receptor. Despite substantial structural diversity, all modulators form cation-pi interactions with clusters of aromatic residues in the receptor extracellular vestibule, approximately 15 A from the classical, 'orthosteric' ligand-binding site. We validate the observed modulator binding modes through radioligand binding experiments on receptor mutants designed, on the basis of our simulations, either to increase or to decrease modulator affinity. Simulations also revealed mechanisms that contribute to positive and negative allosteric modulation of classical ligand binding, including coupled conformational changes of the two binding sites and electrostatic interactions between ligands in these sites. These observations enabled the design of chemical modifications that substantially alter a modulator's allosteric effects. Our findings thus provide a structural basis for the rational design of allosteric modulators targeting muscarinic and possibly other GPCRs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dror, Ron O -- Green, Hillary F -- Valant, Celine -- Borhani, David W -- Valcourt, James R -- Pan, Albert C -- Arlow, Daniel H -- Canals, Meritxell -- Lane, J Robert -- Rahmani, Raphael -- Baell, Jonathan B -- Sexton, Patrick M -- Christopoulos, Arthur -- Shaw, David E -- England -- Nature. 2013 Nov 14;503(7475):295-9. doi: 10.1038/nature12595. Epub 2013 Oct 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] D. E. Shaw Research, 120 West 45th Street, 39th Floor, New York, New York 10036, USA [2].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24121438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation/physiology ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CHO Cells ; Cricetulus ; *Drug Design ; Humans ; Models, Chemical ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics ; Reproducibility of Results
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-03-29
    Description: Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family transporters are conserved in the three primary domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya), and export xenobiotics using an electrochemical gradient of H(+) or Na(+) across the membrane. MATE transporters confer multidrug resistance to bacterial pathogens and cancer cells, thus causing critical reductions in the therapeutic efficacies of antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs, respectively. Therefore, the development of MATE inhibitors has long been awaited in the field of clinical medicine. Here we present the crystal structures of the H(+)-driven MATE transporter from Pyrococcus furiosus in two distinct apo-form conformations, and in complexes with a derivative of the antibacterial drug norfloxacin and three in vitro selected thioether-macrocyclic peptides, at 2.1-3.0 A resolutions. The structures, combined with functional analyses, show that the protonation of Asp 41 on the amino (N)-terminal lobe induces the bending of TM1, which in turn collapses the N-lobe cavity, thereby extruding the substrate drug to the extracellular space. Moreover, the macrocyclic peptides bind the central cleft in distinct manners, which correlate with their inhibitory activities. The strongest inhibitory peptide that occupies the N-lobe cavity may pave the way towards the development of efficient inhibitors against MATE transporters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tanaka, Yoshiki -- Hipolito, Christopher J -- Maturana, Andres D -- Ito, Koichi -- Kuroda, Teruo -- Higuchi, Takashi -- Katoh, Takayuki -- Kato, Hideaki E -- Hattori, Motoyuki -- Kumazaki, Kaoru -- Tsukazaki, Tomoya -- Ishitani, Ryuichiro -- Suga, Hiroaki -- Nureki, Osamu -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 11;496(7444):247-51. doi: 10.1038/nature12014. Epub 2013 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23535598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antiporters/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Apoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Archaeal Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Aspartic Acid/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Macrocyclic Compounds/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Norfloxacin/chemistry/metabolism ; Peptides/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protons ; Pyrococcus furiosus/*chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Sulfides/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2013-07-19
    Description: Structural analysis of class B G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), cell-surface proteins that respond to peptide hormones, has been restricted to the amino-terminal extracellular domain, thus providing little understanding of the membrane-spanning signal transduction domain. The corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 is a class B receptor which mediates the response to stress and has been considered a drug target for depression and anxiety. Here we report the crystal structure of the transmembrane domain of the human corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 in complex with the small-molecule antagonist CP-376395. The structure provides detailed insight into the architecture of class B receptors. Atomic details of the interactions of the receptor with the non-peptide ligand that binds deep within the receptor are described. This structure provides a model for all class B GPCRs and may aid in the design of new small-molecule drugs for diseases of brain and metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hollenstein, Kaspar -- Kean, James -- Bortolato, Andrea -- Cheng, Robert K Y -- Dore, Andrew S -- Jazayeri, Ali -- Cooke, Robert M -- Weir, Malcolm -- Marshall, Fiona H -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 25;499(7459):438-43. doi: 10.1038/nature12357. Epub 2013 Jul 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Heptares Therapeutics Ltd, BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City AL7 3AX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23863939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Aminopyridines/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & ; inhibitors/*chemistry/*classification/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D3/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/classification
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: During normal translation, the binding of a release factor to one of the three stop codons (UGA, UAA or UAG) results in the termination of protein synthesis. However, modification of the initial uridine to a pseudouridine (Psi) allows efficient recognition and read-through of these stop codons by a transfer RNA (tRNA), although it requires the formation of two normally forbidden purine-purine base pairs. Here we determined the crystal structure at 3.1 A resolution of the 30S ribosomal subunit in complex with the anticodon stem loop of tRNA(Ser) bound to the PsiAG stop codon in the A site. The PsiA base pair at the first position is accompanied by the formation of purine-purine base pairs at the second and third positions of the codon, which show an unusual Watson-Crick/Hoogsteen geometry. The structure shows a previously unsuspected ability of the ribosomal decoding centre to accommodate non-canonical base pairs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3732562/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3732562/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fernandez, Israel S -- Ng, Chyan Leong -- Kelley, Ann C -- Wu, Guowei -- Yu, Yi-Tao -- Ramakrishnan, V -- 096570/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- GM104077/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MC_U105184332/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 GM104077/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 AG039559/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- U105184332/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2013 Aug 1;500(7460):107-10. doi: 10.1038/nature12302. Epub 2013 Jun 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23812587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticodon/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Codon, Terminator/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; Pseudouridine/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Ser/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Ribosome Subunits, Small, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-05-17
    Description: Diacylglycerol kinase catalyses the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid for use in shuttling water-soluble components to membrane-derived oligosaccharide and lipopolysaccharide in the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. For half a century, this 121-residue kinase has served as a model for investigating membrane protein enzymology, folding, assembly and stability. Here we present crystal structures for three functional forms of this unique and paradigmatic kinase, one of which is wild type. These reveal a homo-trimeric enzyme with three transmembrane helices and an amino-terminal amphiphilic helix per monomer. Bound lipid substrate and docked ATP identify the putative active site that is of the composite, shared site type. The crystal structures rationalize extensive biochemical and biophysical data on the enzyme. They are, however, at variance with a published solution NMR model in that domain swapping, a key feature of the solution form, is not observed in the crystal structures.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740270/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740270/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Dianfan -- Lyons, Joseph A -- Pye, Valerie E -- Vogeley, Lutz -- Aragao, David -- Kenyon, Colin P -- Shah, Syed T A -- Doherty, Christine -- Aherne, Margaret -- Caffrey, Martin -- GM75915/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR015301/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P50GM073210/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094599/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094625/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54GM094599/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 May 23;497(7450):521-4. doi: 10.1038/nature12179. Epub 2013 May 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biochemistry and Immunology & School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23676677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Diacylglycerol Kinase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Enzyme Stability ; Lipids ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Conformation ; Zinc/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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